developing resilience in flight operations - pacdeff › ... › 08 ›...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Developing Resilience in Flight OperationsIndividual, Crew and Organisational Strategies
Dr Wayne Martin - USQ Carolyn Vaughan- Qantas GroupLTCOL Martin Levey - FORCOMD
![Page 2: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
The Plan
13.00 – 13.30 Introduction to Resilience
13.30-14.30 Individual Resilience Skills, Team Resilience Skills,
14.30-15.00 Morning Tea
15.00 – 15.45 Organisational Resilience Skills and Case Studies
15.45 – 16.00 Summary and Conclusion
![Page 3: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3PACDEFF
![Page 4: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Introduction to Resilience
Group Discussion:
How would you define resilience?
Individual? Team? Organisational?
![Page 5: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5PACDEFF
What is Resilience? Definitions from various domains
Domain Definition
Psychology The developable capacity to rebound from adversity
Disaster
Management
The ability of social units to mitigate hazards, contain the
effects of disasters when they occur and carry out recovery
activities that minimise social disruption and mitigate the
effects of future events
Engineering The ability to sense, recognise, adapt and absorb variations,
changes, disturbances, disruptions and surprises
Is this a new concept for HF practitioners?
![Page 6: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Multi-layer view of Resilience
Organisational
Resilience
Individual
Resilience
Team
Resilience
![Page 7: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7PACDEFF
Individual Resilience
• An individual’s ability to successfully adapt to life tasks in the face of social disadvantage or highly adverse conditions
![Page 8: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8PACDEFF
Team Resilience
• The capacity of a team to withstand and overcome stressors in a manner that enables sustained performance.
The attribute that helps teams handle and bounce back from challenges that can endanger team cohesiveness and performance.
![Page 9: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9PACDEFF
Organisational Resilience
• “The capacity for complex systems to survive, adapt, evolve and grow in the face of turbulent change. The resilient organisation is risk intelligent, flexible, and agile”.
- The US Competitiveness Council
Does Organisation Resilience improve safety?
![Page 10: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Resilience Skills & Strategies
Small Group Discussion
• What does ‘good’ and ‘bad’ INDIVIDUAL resilience look like?
• What does ‘good’ and ‘bad’ TEAM resilience look like?
• What does ‘good’ and ‘bad’ ORGANISATIONAL resilience look like?
![Page 11: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11PACDEFF
Resilience Strategies – Handouts
Preparation
and Planning
Detecting the
impact of adversity
Recovering
(Short & Long Term)
Individual
Team
Organisational
![Page 12: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12PACDEFF
Individual Resilience – ‘Surprise’
Surprise is inherently challenging to resilience, because:
• It cannot be anticipated,
• May be an absence or reduction of monitoring due to uniqueness of event
• No precursor events to learn from
Two main types of surprise (Lanir, 1986):
• Fundamental Surprise - Clash between your understanding of the
world and reality, requires a major reappraisal to gain an understanding (Tugend, 2011)
• Situational Surprise - Unexpected, but within our understanding of the world.
(Wears & Webb, 2011)
![Page 13: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13PACDEFF
Individual Resilience – ‘Startle’
Startle is a sudden bombardment of the senses, which is often accompanied by surprise.
Can have Physical, Emotional and Cognitive reactions.
![Page 14: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14PACDEFF
Individual Resilience - What responses can we expect?
How does resilience impact these reactions?
• Will we still have them?
• Can I train myself out of these reactions?
• What can I expect of resilience training?
– E.g. Detection skills, recovery skills, post incident reaction.
![Page 15: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15PACDEFF
Individual Resilience Skills
• Emotional regulation – the ability to manage emotions and reactions
• Social support and willingness to access this
• Problem-solving skills
• Asking for help and seeking resources
• Strong self image
• Adaptive coping strategies
![Page 16: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16PACDEFF
Individual Resilience - Preparing and Responding
Training should apply realistic, scenario-based instruction to teach pilots to:
• Recognise physical, emotional, and cognitive responses
• Manage stress/arousal levels — not too complacent or overloaded
• Adapt known procedures to fit novel situations
• Learn problem-solving techniques to avoid becoming fixated on a solution that is not working
(OGHFA)
![Page 17: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17PACDEFF
Team Resilience Skills – Be prepared
• Get your house in order – Individual Resilience Strategies
• Assess wellbeing and readiness during briefing
• Look out for early warning signs, and manage them early
• Anticipate challenges – Be ready
• Know your resources and be willing to use them
• Objective focus
![Page 18: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18PACDEFF
Qantas Hierarchy of Skills
Knowledge
Procedures
Flying Technique
Manipulation Skills
Non Technical Skills
![Page 19: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19PACDEFF
Team Resilience Skills – During adversity
• Back to basics – Fly the aircraft, Get your mind together, Manage.
• Open lines of communication – How is everyone coping?
• Pace? Workload? Do you need to be directive?
• Can we meet the objective? Do we need to reassess?
• Collective efficiency is your aim
• Rally Effect
• Post event?
![Page 20: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
![Page 21: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Why do I get to speak to you today?
![Page 22: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22PACDEFF
![Page 23: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23PACDEFF
![Page 24: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24PACDEFF
![Page 25: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25PACDEFF
The focus of resilience engineering is on monitoring organisational decision-making to assess the risk that the organisation is operating nearer to safety boundaries than it realises…
Or that the organisation’s adaptive capacity is degrading or lower than the adaptive demands of its environment.
Monitor for risks in how the organisation monitors its risks
![Page 26: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26PACDEFF
Buffering capacity
Flexibility
Margin
Tolerance
![Page 27: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27PACDEFF
Andrew Hale & Tom Heijer
• Defences erode under production pressure
• Past good performance feeds future confidence
• Fragmented problem-solving clouds the big picture – no shared risk picture
• Failure to revise risk assessments as new evidence accumulates
• Breakdown at boundaries impedes communication, coordination
• Organisation cannot respond to rapidly changing demands and is not able to cope with unexpected situations
• Not enough commitment to safety alongside other goals
• Safety is not an inherent part of the way the system operates
![Page 28: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28PACDEFF
Acknowledge the need…
To balance the tension between standardisation and flexibility/adaptability:
• The way work gets done
• The way power and knowledge is distributed
• Maintaining stable system vs change capacity
• The way a product or service changes to demands in the environment
• Use of technology
![Page 29: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Resilience Case Studies
![Page 30: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30PACDEFF
Individual Resilience Case StudyLt Charles Brown – 327th Bombardier Squadron, Dec 20, 1943
• B17 Bombing mission over Germany – Brown’s first as Captain• Received severe flak damage to plexiglass nose and wing• #2 engine shut down, #4 partial power only• Completed bombing run then made multiple evasive manoeuvres to avoid fighters• Mercilessly attacked; only 3 defensive guns operating – others were frozen in -59°C temp• One Crewmember was killed, another maimed (leg amputated on return), four wounded• Received serious damage to #3 engine• Left elevator and stabiliser were destroyed• Oxygen system and communications system were destroyed• Rudder was shredded, causing a spiral dive. Lt Brown recovered control just prior to impact.• A German fighter tried to force them to land but Lt Brown evaded him and headed out to sea• He nursed the crippled aircraft back to England• Awarded Air Force Cross
Believe that there is a solution!
![Page 31: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31PACDEFF
Case Study Discussion
1. What were the the elements / factors / skills that created resilience ?
2. Were there any deficits in individual resilience skills?
3. Is there anything you can add to your strategy table?
![Page 32: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32PACDEFF
Team Resilience – Apollo 13
• Team successfully returned crew
• Working with limited time and resources
![Page 33: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33PACDEFF
Team Resilience – Apollo 13
• Team successfully returned crew
• Working with limited time and resources
![Page 34: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34PACDEFF
Case Study Discussion
1. What were the the elements / factors / skills that created resilience ?
2. Were there any deficits in individual resilience skills?
3. Is there anything you can add to your strategy table?
![Page 35: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35PACDEFF
Don’t we already know much of this?
![Page 36: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Strategy and Capacity Building Discussion
![Page 37: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37PACDEFF
Resilience Strategies
• Review strategy tables
• What existing programs / processes are available to support resilience?
• What are likely challenges / threats / stressors to individual/team/organizational resilience programs?
![Page 38: Developing Resilience in Flight Operations - PACDEFF › ... › 08 › Developing-Resilience-in-Flight-Operatio… · Individual Resilience –Surprise Surprise is inherently challenging](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0c2a617e708231d4340fd9/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Thank you