developing competencies for applied epidemiology: from process

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Research Articles Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123 67 Developing Competencies for Applied Epidemiology: From Process to Product a Center for Community Health, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY b Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, Atlanta, GA c School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY d Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA e Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA Address correspondence to: Guthrie S. Birkhead, MD, MPH, Center for Community Health, New York State Department of Health, Corning Tower, Room 1483, Albany, NY 12237-0658; tel. 518-402-5382; fax 518-486-1455; e-mail <[email protected]>. ©2008 Association of Schools of Public Health Guthrie S. Birkhead, MD, MPH a,b,c Jac Davies, MS, MPH b Kathleen Miner, PhD, MPH d Jennifer Lemmings, MPH b Denise Koo, MD, MPH e SYNOPSIS Objectives. We developed competencies for applied epidemiologic practice by using a process that is based on existing competency frameworks, that engages professionals in academic and applied epidemiology at all govern- mental levels (local, state, and federal), and that provides ample opportunity for input from practicing epidemiologists throughout the U.S. Methods. The model set of core public health competencies, consisting of eight core domains of public health practice, developed in 2001 by the Council on Linkages Between Academia and Public Health Practice, were adopted as the foundation of the Competencies for Applied Epidemiologists in Gov- ernmental Public Health Agencies (AECs). A panel of experts was convened and met over a period of 20 months to develop a draft set of AECs. Drafts were presented at the annual meetings of the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) and the American Public Health Association. Input and comments were also solicited from practicing epidemiologists and 14 national organizations representing epidemiology and public health. Results. In all, we developed 149 competency statements across the eight domains of public health practice and four tiers of applied epidemiologic practice. In addition, sub- and sub-subcompetency statements were developed to increase the document’s specificity. During the process, .800 comments from all governmental and academic levels and tiers of epidemiology practice were considered for the final statements. Conclusions. The AECs are available for use in improving the training for and skill levels of practicing applied epidemiologists and should also be useful for educators, employers, and supervisors. Both CDC and CSTE plan to evaluate their implementation and usefulness in providing information for future compe- tency development.

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Research Articles

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123 67

Developing Competencies for Applied Epidemiology: From Process to Product

aCenter for Community Health, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NYbCouncil of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, Atlanta, GAcSchool of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NYdRollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GAeCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA

Address correspondence to: Guthrie S. Birkhead, MD, MPH, Center for Community Health, New York State Department of Health, Corning Tower, Room 1483, Albany, NY 12237-0658; tel. 518-402-5382; fax 518-486-1455; e-mail <[email protected]>.

©2008 Association of Schools of Public Health

Guthrie S. Birkhead, MD, MPHa,b,c

Jac Davies, MS, MPHb

Kathleen Miner, PhD, MPHd

Jennifer Lemmings, MPHb

Denise Koo, MD, MPHe

SYNOPSIS

Objectives. We developed competencies for applied epidemiologic practice by using a process that is based on existing competency frameworks, that engages professionals in academic and applied epidemiology at all govern-mental levels (local, state, and federal), and that provides ample opportunity for input from practicing epidemiologists throughout the U.S.

Methods. The model set of core public health competencies, consisting of eight core domains of public health practice, developed in 2001 by the Council on Linkages Between Academia and Public Health Practice, were adopted as the foundation of the Competencies for Applied Epidemiologists in Gov-ernmental Public Health Agencies (AECs). A panel of experts was convened and met over a period of 20 months to develop a draft set of AECs. Drafts were presented at the annual meetings of the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) and the American Public Health Association. Input and comments were also solicited from practicing epidemiologists and 14 national organizations representing epidemiology and public health.

Results. In all, we developed 149 competency statements across the eight domains of public health practice and four tiers of applied epidemiologic practice. In addition, sub- and sub-subcompetency statements were developed to increase the document’s specificity. During the process, .800 comments from all governmental and academic levels and tiers of epidemiology practice were considered for the final statements.

Conclusions. The AECs are available for use in improving the training for and skill levels of practicing applied epidemiologists and should also be useful for educators, employers, and supervisors. Both CDC and CSTE plan to evaluate their implementation and usefulness in providing information for future compe-tency development.

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Recent studies have demonstrated a substantial short-age of epidemiologists, particularly at local or state public health agencies.1–3 In addition, up to one-third of epidemiologists practicing in state, local, or federal governmental public health agencies—referred to in this article as applied epidemiologists—may not have sufficient training to fully meet their responsibilities or to conduct more advanced work. For example, a 2004 survey by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemi-ologists (CSTE) reported that 29% of applied epide-miologists working in state health departments had no formal training or academic coursework in epidemiol-ogy.1 The assessment indicated a need for additional training in certain key areas, particularly design of epidemiologic studies, design of data-collection tools, data management, evaluation of public health interven-tions, and leadership and management, depending on the respondents’ current job description.

Development of educational and workforce compe-tencies has a long history in the field of public health. In the early 1900s, the Flexner and Welch-Rose reports recognized public health as a discrete area of profes-sional practice, with unique requirements.4,5 From that time to the present, efforts have been made to define more specifically the precise content and skills within public health.6 After the 1988 Institute of Medicine report, The Future of Public Health, which concluded that public health preparation and public health practice were disconnected, the subsequent The Public Health Faculty/Agency Forum recommended development of universal competencies for all public health profession-als and specific competencies for those practicing as content area specialists (e.g., epidemiologists).7,8 The resultant Council on Linkages Between Academia and Public Health Practice (COL) in 2001 adopted a model set of core public health competencies for all public health professionals that were organized across eight domains of practice.9

Rigorous definition of competencies for such a professional identity as epidemiology should result from an iterative process that involves representation of a broad spectrum of practitioners and academi-cians. The definition process includes identification of knowledge and skills associated with types of practice (e.g., entry level and advanced). The knowledge and skills are then formatted into competency statements that include both the content and proficiency level for each type of practice.10,11

In January 2004, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and CSTE hosted a summit for leaders in epidemiology to address key workforce con-cerns affecting applied public health epidemiologists.

Participants strongly supported the need to establish core competencies for these epidemiologists.12 In Octo-ber 2004, CDC and CSTE convened an expert panel to define Competencies for Applied Epidemiologists in Governmental Public Health Agencies (AECs) for local, state, and federal public health epidemiologists.

This article summarizes the approach to compe-tency development for applied epidemiology—the first national effort to focus on competencies in the applied epidemiology field. Other efforts to date have focused broadly on public health or only on academic epide-miology.9,13 Other key aspects of this effort included: (1) broad-based representation from state and local health agencies, schools of public health, private industry, and CDC; (2) integration of epidemiologic and workforce development expertise in the process; and (3) validation of the competencies by survey of practicing epidemiologists.

METHODS

Expert panel compositionAn expert panel was assembled to develop the AECs. Every effort was made to make the group representa-tive of government (federal, state, and local) and aca-demia, and across subject areas of epidemiology (e.g., infectious disease, chronic disease, and maternal child health), educational backgrounds (e.g., physicians, veterinarians, doctoral epidemiologists, and nurses), and geographic location. Panel members were solicited from national organizations with an interest in public health education or applied public health, as well as national professional organizations in public health (e.g., the American Public Health Association [APHA], National Association of County and City Health Offi-cials [NACCHO], Association of State and Territorial Health Officials [ASTHO], and the Association of Schools of Public Health [ASPH]).

Academicians as well as practitioners were included. The cochairs represented both applied epidemiology (one is a state health department-based epidemiolo-gist) and academia/workforce development (one has a background in competency development). The final group had approximately 20 members, balancing the need for inclusiveness with having a group of practical size. Selected panel members were assigned additional responsibilities as reviewers and were remunerated for those additional efforts. An editor-writer with an extensive public health background was employed as a project consultant. The AECs expert panel first met in October 2004.

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Definition of terms

Epidemiologist. A person who investigates the occurrence of disease, injury, or other health-related conditions or events among populations to describe the distribution of disease or risk factors for disease occurrence for population-based prevention and control.12

Applied epidemiologist. An epidemiologist who works in a governmental public health agency (i.e., an agency with a legal mandate to conduct public health activities).

Competency. The knowledge, skills, and abilities dem-onstrated by organization or system members needed to perform specific functions within organizations or professional practice.14

Competency domains. Eight competency areas con-tained in the Core Competencies for Public Health Professionals, developed by the COL (Figure 1), that apply to all public health professionals, including epidemiologists.9

Expert panel working group processThe panel conducted three in-person two-day meetings of the entire group in October 2004, March 2005, and May 2006. Multiple conference calls of the whole group and with selected subgroups were held between meet-ings, and report drafts were circulated for comment.

Before the panel’s first meeting, the editor-writer consultant conducted a thorough review of the pub-lished literature, including a Web search, to identify any previously developed public health and epidemiology competencies. Existing sets of competencies in the public health field in English were summarized and arrayed in a matrix for ease of comparison. At the first meeting, the panel reviewed the background material and agreed to build the AECs within the framework of the COL competencies to facilitate consistency with the larger field of public health practice. Many of the

AECs originated from the existing COL general com-petency set, but the panel modified them to reflect the particular needs of epidemiologic practice.

Also, at the initial meeting, the panel agreed on the definition of terms and acknowledged the need to define competencies for four tiers of applied epi-demiology practice at local, state, and federal public health agencies: entry-, mid-, and senior-level epidemi-ologists—either supervisory or senior scientist (Figure 2). The group then focused on developing Tier 2 (mid-level practitioner) competency statements, which were revised after the panel solicited and received input. The Tier 2 competencies were then used as the basis for developing the Tier 1 (entry-level) and Tiers 3a and 3b (supervisory- and senior scientist-level) competencies.

Soliciting input on draft competenciesAfter creating the first draft of Tier 2 competencies, the panel developed a survey to collect feedback from the practice and academic communities on the appro-priateness and validity of the proposed competency statements. The survey presented all of the high-level competency statements within each skill domain, and for each competency it asked: (1) Do you perform this task, and, if so, how often? and (2) Is this competency appropriate for a Tier 2 epidemiologist?

The survey also asked whether any competencies were missing in each of the eight skill domains and whether the respondent would suggest any changes. Respondents were asked to self-identify as a Tier 1, 2, 3a, or 3b epidemiologist and to identify their gov-ernmental level of practice (local, state, federal, or other).

The draft Tier 2 competencies were first presented and the survey administered at the June 2005 CSTE annual meeting. All 855 registered attendees were asked to complete the survey, and 259 people (30.3%) responded. We invited further input from the CSTE membership, CDC scientific staff, and 14 profes-sional public health organizations, including ASTHO, NACCHO, American College of Epidemiology, Society for Epidemiologic Research, Association of American Medical Colleges, Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine, ASPH, Association of Maternal and Child Health Programs, National Environmental Health Association, National Association of Local Boards of Health, Association of State and Territorial Directors of Nursing, State and Territorial Injury Prevention Directors Association, APHA, and National Association of Chronic Disease Directors. A Notice to Readers was also placed in CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR).15 To facilitate responses from this broader

Figure 1. Competency domains of public health practice

Analytic/AssessmentBasic Public Health SciencesCommunicationCommunity Dimensions of PracticeCultural CompetencyFinancial Planning and ManagementLeadership and Systems ThinkingPolicy Development/Program Planning

Source: Public Health Foundation. Council on Linkages Between Academia and Public Health Practice. Washington: Public Health Foundation; 2006. Also available from: URL: http://www.phf.org/ Link.htm [cited 2006 May 31].

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audience, the survey was placed on the CSTE website, resulting in 121 additional responses. The draft Tier 2 competencies were also presented at the December 2005 APHA annual conference.

The panel analyzed input on the draft Tier 2 com-petencies and revised them. The Tier 2 competencies were then used to develop the Tier 1 and Tier 3 com-petencies. In certain cases, this involved changing the verb in the competency statement to reflect a more limited or more advanced level of competency (e.g., Tier 1: “identify a health problem” vs. Tier 3: “oversee implementation of a program to address a health prob-lem”). In other cases, new competencies were added at the higher tier levels.

Following this activity, we sought input and valida-tion of the process. In April 2006, the complete draft of all competency statements was posted on CSTE’s website, along with a revised online survey that included separate sections for each tier. The survey instructions asked respondents to focus on the tier with which they self-identified and, if appropriate, to comment on other tiers for which they felt qualified, including tiers for epidemiologists that they supervised. The survey also collected respondents’ basic demographic information and self-identified tier.

As during the first round, professional organizations were asked to encourage their members to respond to the survey, with the National Association of Health Data

Figure 2. Four tiers of applied epidemiology practice

Examples of Examples of educational Tier level functional responsibility and experiential criteria

Tier 1: Entry-level or Performs simple data collection, analysis, • Newly graduated with master’s degree and basic epidemiologist and reporting in support of surveillance minimal experience but from a master’s program(Entry-level or basic and epidemiologic investigations with a focus on epidemiology or analysis epidemiologists include and assessment; or people who might not be • Bachelor’s or other non-epidemiology titled an epidemiologist professional degree or certification (e.g., RN, but who perform MD/DO, DDS/DMD, DVM, PhD, RS) without epidemiology functions, formal academic epidemiology training and at least part-time.) with $2 years experience performing epidemiology work under the guidance of a Tier 2 or Tier 3 epidemiologist

Tier 2: Mid-level Performs simple, more complex, and • Master’s degree with a focus in epidemiology epidemiologist nonroutine data collection, analysis, and with $2 years’ work experience in epidemiology interpretation tasks and can work independently in a public health agency; or or can supervise a unit or serve as a project • Doctoral-level epidemiologist; or leader or surveillance coordinator • Other non-epidemiology professional degree or certification (e.g., RN, MD/DO, DDS/DMD, DVM, PhD, RS) with specific epidemiology training (e.g., MPH degree, CDC Epidemic Intelligence Service program) or $4 years’ experience performing epidemiologic work under the guidance of a Tier 3 epidemiologist

Tiers 3a and 3b: 3a: Supervisor or manager, director of a Meets the description of a Tier 2 for Senior-level epidemiologist major section, program, or bureau in a public education with additional experience health agency 3b: Senior scientist/subject area expert in an epidemiologic focus area

RN 5 registered nurse

MD 5 medical degree

DO 5 Doctor of Osteopathy

DDS 5 Doctor of Dental Surgery

DMD 5 Doctor of Dental Medicine

DVM 5 Doctor of Veterinary Medicine

PhD 5 Doctor of Philosophy

RS 5 registered sanitarian

CDC 5 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

MPH 5 Master of Public Health

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Organizations and the American College of Preventive Medicine added to the list. Information on the survey was published in MMWR 16 and featured prominently on the CSTE website. There were 420 responses to this second survey, covering all four tiers.

Given the importance of informatics competencies for the practicing epidemiologist in the computer age, the CDC convener specifically sought feedback regarding key informatics competencies from public health informaticians and epidemiologists, especially from groups with representation from local, state, and federal practitioners actively engaged in developing the Public Health Information Network.17

Final competency developmentFor the final revision process, the consulting editor-writer, the CDC convener, and the cochairs reviewed comments from all survey respondents during the first round (Tier 2 only) and the second round (all tiers). The comments were categorized according to whether they proposed a new competency, recommended a reformulation or found a statement confusing, stated the competency was inappropriate, or provided a general comment.

For the first two categories of comments, the panel reviewed the proposed changes and determined whether to accept the change, accept the change with modifications, or reject the change. For the second two categories of comments, the panel identified major trends or concerns and addressed them either by changing the competency statements or by adding clarifications in the preface document, which accompa-nies and explains the competencies. The majority of the recommended changes focused on the tier definitions, and the panel reviewed and revised these as well.

In addition to analyzing the qualitative data (written comments), the panel reviewed the quantitative data from the surveys in terms of the proportion responding favorably or unfavorably to each competency strati-fied by the commenters’ tier level and governmental level of practice. The panel discussed any competency statement for which overall agreement with the ques-tion, “Is this an appropriate competency?” declined below 75% and decided whether to retain or change the competency. Overall, the acceptance level for the draft competency statements was high, and only 7.4% (11/149) of the competency statements in the April 2006 survey declined below the 75% acceptance level. After final discussion, review, and editing, all panel members agreed that the AECs were final.

RESULTS

A summary of the primary AEC statements for Tier 2 epidemiologists is included in Figure 3. The full AECs are included in the Appendix.

Structure of competency statementsWithin each competency domain defined by the COL is a primary competency statement, followed by sub-competency and, in certain cases, sub-subcompetency statements that detail the specific knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary to meet the required competency. The number of competency statements by each com-petency domain is displayed in the Table. Additional competencies have been added throughout all the skill domains to capture specific knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for epidemiologists in public health agencies. The Analytic/Assessment and Basic Public Health Sciences skill domains are the most closely linked to applied epidemiologic practice and, there-fore, received the greatest number of epidemiology-specific competencies.

An example of a competency and subcompetency statement illustrating the different mastery required by tier level, as well as the hierarchical nature of pri-mary and subcompetencies, is listed in Figure 4. Each competency statement has been adapted to reflect the knowledge and skills necessary for each level of responsibility and experience—entry level (Tier 1), mid-level (Tier 2), or senior level (Tiers 3a and 3b). For certain competency statements in which the expert panel believed that all epidemiologists, regardless of level, needed a certain set of knowledge and skills, the language is identical across all tiers. Other competency statements are only present for the higher levels, when those skills or responsibilities might not be expected of entry-level epidemiologists.

DISCUSSION

Scope of competenciesThe AECs define the discipline of applied epidemiology as practiced in governmental public health agencies. Given the scope and content of epidemiology, the competencies emphasize analytical and assessment knowledge and skills. However, by following the COL’s framework for competencies for all public health work-ers, the competency set also covers all aspects of prac-tice that are necessary to be an effective epidemiologist: communication, management and leadership, and cultural competency skills. In these non-epidemiologic competency areas, the focus is on what an epidemiolo-gist should know. For example, regarding communica-tion, epidemiologists should be able to communicate

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Figure 3. Summary of the primary applied epidemiology competency statements for Tier 2 epidemiologists

Skill Domain: Analytic/Assessment1. Identify public health problems pertinent to the population.2. Conduct surveillance activities.3. Investigate acute and chronic conditions or other adverse outcomes among the population.4. Apply principles of good ethical and legal practice as they relate to study design and data collection, dissemination, and use.5. Manage data from surveillance, investigations, or other sources.6. Analyze data from an epidemiologic investigation or study.7. Summarize results of the analysis and draw conclusions.8. Recommend evidence-based interventions and control measures in response to epidemiologic findings.9. Evaluate programs.

Skill Domain: Basic Public Health Sciences1. Use current knowledge of causes of disease to guide epidemiologic practice.2. Use laboratory resources to support epidemiologic activities.3. Apply principles of informatics, including data collection, processing, and analysis, in support of epidemiologic practice.

Skill Domain: Communication1. Prepare written and oral reports and presentations that communicate necessary information to professional audiences, policy

makers, and the general public.2. Demonstrate the basic principles of risk communication.3. Incorporate interpersonal skills in communication with agency personnel, colleagues, and the public.4. Use effective communication technologies.

Skill Domain: Community Dimensions of Practice1. Provide epidemiologic input into epidemiologic studies, public health programs, and community public health planning processes at

the state, local, or tribal level.2. Participate in the development of community partnerships to support epidemiologic investigations.

Skill Domain: Cultural Competency1. Describe the population by race/ethnicity; culture; societal, educational, and professional backgrounds; age; gender; religion;

disability; and sexual orientation.2. Establish relationships with groups of special concern (e.g., disadvantaged or minority groups, groups subject to health disparities,

historically underrepresented groups).3. Design surveillance systems to include groups subject to health disparities or other potentially underrepresented groups, using

standard categories where available.4. Conduct investigations by using languages and approaches tailored to the population under study.5. Use standard population categories or subcategories when performing data analysis.6. Use knowledge of specific sociocultural factors among the population to interpret findings.7. Recommend public health actions that are relevant to the affected community.

Skill Domain: Financial Planning and Management (Operational Planning, Financial Planning, and Management Skills)1. Conduct epidemiologic activities within the financial and operational plan of the agency.2. Assist in developing a fiscally sound budget that will support the activities defined in the operational plan and that is consistent with

the financial rules of the agency.3. Implement operational and financial plans.4. Assist in preparation of proposals for extramural funding.5. Use management skills.6. Use skills that foster collaborations, strong partnerships, and team building to accomplish epidemiology program objectives.

Skill Domain: Leadership and Systems Thinking1. Support the epidemiologic perspective in the agency strategic planning process.2. Promote the organization’s vision in all programs and activities.3. Use performance measures to evaluate and improve epidemiology program effectiveness.4. Promote ethical conduct in epidemiologic practice.5. Promote workforce development.6. Prepare for emergency response.

Skill Domain: Policy Development/Program Planning1. Bring epidemiologic perspective into the development and analysis of public health policies.

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clearly the results of epidemiologic studies, including limitations of such studies.

Intended usesThe intended uses of the AECs vary by category of user. For practicing epidemiologists, the competen-cies can serve to define the scope and limits of their profession and, in so doing, define a career path and aid in assessing knowledge gaps that can lead to the development of a specific training plan to meet edu-cation gaps. For employers, the AECs can provide a guide for creating career ladders for epidemiologists, drafting position descriptions and job qualification statements, developing continuing education training plans, and assessing the organization’s epidemiologic capacity. For educators, the AECs can assist in design-ing educational programs and curricula focused on applied epidemiology, both for primary epidemiologic education and for continuing education. Finally, the competencies can form the basis for future certification of epidemiologists.

LimitationsThe process of competency development was limited in several ways. First, the AECs are the work of an expert

committee and may suffer from the inconsistencies and compromises that such a process might entail. The expert panel had to make editorial decisions between sometimes conflicting comments, although such deci-sions were usually made after the panelists came to a general consensus. Also, the panel cast a very wide net in an attempt to include many points of view in epidemiology practice and education.

Second, people who provided input and comments on the document were self-selected and therefore may not be representative of all practicing applied epidemiologists. However, as described previously, the expert panel solicited participation in the review process via many relevant organizations and through MMWR in an attempt to include many points of view in epidemiology practice and education.

Applying the competency statementsThe expert panel intentionally created broad compe-tencies that cover the discipline of applied epidemiol-ogy, which itself is broad and diverse. CDC and CSTE intend that all people practicing applied epidemiol-ogy—including those who might not have the title of epidemiologist but whose job requires use of epide-miologic methods—gain minimal competency in all

Table. Number of competency and subcompetency statements by tier and competency domain

Competency Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3a Tier 3b domain N N N N

Domain 1: Competencies 9 9 9 9Analytic/Assessment Subcompetencies 28 37 37 37 Sub-subcompetencies 53 106 72 107

Domain 2: Competencies 3 3 4 4Basic Public Health Subcompetencies 10 15 21 19Sciences Sub-subcompetencies 1 4 4 4

Domain 3: Competencies 4 4 4 4Communication Subcompetencies 9 13 13 13 Sub-subcompetencies 16 25 16 26

Domain 4: Competencies 2 2 2 2Community Subcompetencies 3 6 6 7Dimensions of Practice Sub-subcompetencies 4 14 15 15

Domain 5: Competencies 6 7 7 7Cultural Competency Subcompetencies 9 15 20 22 Sub-subcompetencies 0 0 0 0

Domain 6: Competencies 4 6 6 5Financial Planning Subcompetencies 10 24 23 17and Management Sub-subcompetencies 0 0 0 0

Domain 7: Competencies 5 6 6 6Leadership and Subcompetencies 8 13 13 10Systems Thinking Sub-subcompetencies 11 35 38 29

Domain 8: Competencies 1 1 1 1Policy Development/ Subcompetencies 3 5 5 5Program Planning Sub-subcompetencies 2 7 9 7

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and

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case

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c.

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esho

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., b

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licab

le

Developing Competencies for Applied Epidemiology 75

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

of the defined skill domains. However, every applied epidemiologist is not expected to be equally compe-tent in all areas. Different content areas of applied epidemiology (e.g., infectious disease, chronic disease, environmental health) might emphasize different competency areas. In addition, job descriptions among public health agencies vary by the agency’s needs and resources, the setting (e.g., rural or urban), and the scope of the agency’s responsibilities (i.e., local, state, or federal), and may not always uniformly comply with stated competencies.

Guiding careers in applied epidemiologyThe competencies represent a continuum of applied epidemiologic practice, not a single point in time in a person’s career. In other words, a person might not start with knowledge and skills in all areas but is expected to gain knowledge within each tier and potentially move through tiers over time. The AECs provide a tool that epidemiologists can use to plan careers and chart professional growth.

Disseminating the AECsCDC and CSTE are disseminating the AEC report broadly throughout the epidemiology and public health communities. The final competency set has been presented at multiple state, regional, national, and international public health and epidemiology meetings with a focus on educating the target audiences about the development and use of the AECs. The complete competency set, along with tools and documentation to support their use, is available on the CDC (http://www .cdc.gov/od/owcd/cdd/aec) and CSTE (http://www .cste.org/competencies.asp) websites.

CONCLUSION

CDC and CSTE anticipate the AECs will be used as the basis of instructional competencies for training government epidemiologists, and as the framework for developing position descriptions, work expectations, and job announcements for epidemiologists practicing in public health agencies. After public health agencies have used them for a sufficient period, CDC and CSTE will evaluate their utility and effectiveness as part of an ongoing process to update and improve them.

The authors thank the members of the Applied Epidemiology Competencies Expert Panel: Kaye Bender, RN, PhD, University of Mississippi Medical Center School of Nursing; Roger Bernier, PhD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Mike Crutcher, MD, MPH, Oklahoma State Department of Health; Richard Dicker, MD, MSc, CDC; James Gale, MD, MS, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington; Kristine Gebbie, DrPH, RN, Columbia University

School of Nursing; Gail Hansen, DVM, MPH, Kansas Department of Health and Environment; Richard Hopkins, MD, MSPH, Florida Department of Health (formerly with CDC); Sara L. Hus-ton, PhD, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Maureen Lichtveld, MD, MPH, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine; Miriam Link-Mullison, MS, RD, Jackson County Health Department; Kristine Moore, MD, University of Minnesota; Hal Morgenstern, PhD, University of Michigan School of Public Health; Lloyd Novick, MD, MPH, Brody School of Medicine; Len Paulozzi, MD, MPH, CDC; Arthur Reingold, MD, University of California at Berkeley; William M. Sappenfield, MD, MPH, Florida Department of Health (formerly with CDC); Gregory Steele, DrPH, MPH, Indiana University School of Medicine; Lou Turner, DrPH, MPH, North Carolina Division of Public Health; and Mark E. White, MD, CDC.

The authors thank Matthew Boulton, MD, MPH, University of Michigan School of Public Health, who was one of the original conveners of the Applied Epidemiology Competencies project. They also thank Pat McConnon, MPH, and LaKesha Robinson, MPH, of the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) for their expert support of the competencies develop-ment process. In addition, they thank Jacqueline Silvia-Fink for assistance in preparing the article.

This work was supported by cooperative agreement #U60/CCU07277 from CDC to CSTE.

REFERENCES 1. Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. 2004 national

assessment of epidemiologic capacity: findings and recommenda-tions. Atlanta: CSTE; 2004. Also available from: URL: http://www .cste.org//Assessment/ECA/pdffiles/ECAfinal05.pdf [cited 2006 May 31].

2. Association of State and Territorial Health Officials. State public health employee worker shortage report: a civil service recruitment and retention crisis. Washington: ASTHO; 2004. Also available from: URL: http://www.astho.org/pubs/Workforce-Survey-Report-2.pdf [cited 2006 May 31].

3. Bureau of Health Professions, Health Resources and Services Administration (US). Public health workforce study. Rockville (MD): Department of Health and Human Services, HRSA (US); 2005. Also available from: URL: http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/healthworkforce/ reports/publichealth/default.htm [cited 2006 May 31].

4. Flexner A. Medical education in the United States and Canada. New York: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching; 1910.

5. Welch WH, Rose W. Institute of Hygiene. Rockefeller Foundation General Education Committee. New York: Rockefeller Foundation; 1915.

6. Sheps CG. Higher education for public health. New York: Milbank Memorial Fund; 1976.

7. Committee for the Study of the Future of Public Health. The future of public health. Washington: Institute of Medicine, National Academies Press; 1988. p. 19.

8. Sorensen AW, Bialek RG, editors. Public health faculty/agency forum: linking graduate education and practice—final report. Rockville (MD): Health Resources and Services Administration (US) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); 1991. p. 49-69.

9. Council on Linkages Between Academia and Public Health Prac-tice. Core competencies for public health professionals [cited 2007 Jan 20]. Available from: URL: http://www.phf.org/competencies .htm

10. Burkes JC. Achieving accountability in higher education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2004. p. 143.

11. Voorhees RA. Measuring what matters: competency-based learn-ing models in higher education: new directions for institutional research, No. 110. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2001. p. 5-12.

12. Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. CSTE special report: workforce development initiative. Atlanta: CSTE; 2004.

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Also available from: URL: http://www.cste.org/pdffiles/Workforce summit.pdf [cited 2007 Feb 2].

13. Association of Schools of Public Health. ACE/ASPH workshop on doctoral education in epidemiology: workshop summary; 2002 Dec 9–11; Baltimore, MD [cited 2007 Jan 3]. Available from: URL: http://www.asph.org/document.cfm?page=798

14. Department of Education (US). Defining and assessing learning: exploring competency-based initiatives. Washington: Council of the National Postsecondary Education Cooperative; 2002. p. 5-10.

15. Notice to readers: applied epidemiology competency development. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2005;54(30):750.

16. Notice to readers: draft of applied epidemiology competencies. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2006;55(6):158.

17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US). Public Health Information Network [cited 2007 Oct 10]. Available from: URL: http://www.cdc.gov/phin

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

B

asic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

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gis

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er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

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idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

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sor

and

/or

Man

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3b

: Se

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A.

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lich

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ms

per

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sp

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p

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fp

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n G

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enci

es d

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men

t

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

B

asic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

B.

Co

nduc

tsu

rvei

llanc

eac

tivi

ties

B

.C

ond

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surv

eilla

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acti

viti

es

B.

Ove

rsee

sur

veill

ance

act

ivit

ies

B.

Org

aniz

esu

rvei

llanc

e

1.

N/A

1.

D

esig

nsu

rvei

llanc

efo

rth

ep

artic

ular

pub

lich

ealth

issu

eun

der

co

nsid

erat

ion

1.

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pro

ves

urve

illan

cef

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par

ticul

arp

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sue

und

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cons

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n

1.

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uate

val

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of

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for

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par

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he

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issu

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der

con

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N/A

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a.

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.Re

com

men

din

form

atio

nsy

stem

(s)t

osu

pp

ort

surv

eilla

nce

syst

ems

c.

Det

erm

ine

typ

eof

sur

veill

ance

sy

stem

sfo

rsp

ecifi

cp

ublic

he

alth

pro

ble

ms

d.

N/A

e.

Ev

alua

tea

dd

ition

alb

urd

en

top

ublic

hea

lths

yste

ma

nd

rep

ortin

ge

ntity

ant

icip

ated

to

res

ult

from

the

pro

pos

ed

surv

eilla

nce

syst

em

2.

Iden

tify

surv

eilla

nce

dat

ane

eds

2.

Iden

tify

surv

eilla

nce

dat

ane

eds

2.

Dec

ide

ons

urve

illan

ced

ata

need

s2.

Ev

alua

tes

urve

illan

ced

ata

need

s

a.

Cre

ate

case

defi

nitio

n(s)

bas

ed

onp

erso

n,p

lace

,an

dt

ime

b.

N/A

c.

N

/A

d.

N/A

e.

N

/A

f.N

/A

g.

Reco

gni

zep

oten

tialu

ses

of

dat

ato

info

rms

urve

illan

ce

syst

em

h.

N/A

a.

Cre

ate

case

defi

nitio

n(s)

bas

ed

onp

erso

n,p

lace

,an

dt

ime

b.

Des

crib

eso

urce

s,q

ualit

y,a

nd

limita

tions

of

surv

eilla

nce

dat

ac.

D

efine

the

dat

ael

emen

tst

ob

eco

llect

edo

rre

por

ted

d

.Id

entif

ym

echa

nism

sto

tra

nsfe

rd

ata

from

sou

rce

top

ublic

he

alth

ag

ency

e.

D

efine

tim

elin

ess

req

uire

df

or

dat

aco

llect

ion

f.D

eter

min

efr

eque

ncy

of

rep

ortin

g

g.

Des

crib

ep

oten

tialu

ses

ofd

ata

toin

form

sur

veill

ance

sys

tem

d

esig

nh.

D

efine

the

fun

ctio

nal

req

uire

men

tso

fth

esu

pp

ortin

g

info

rmat

ion

syst

em

a.

Verif

yca

sed

efini

tion(

s)b

ased

on

per

son,

pla

ce,

and

tim

eb

.D

ecid

eon

sou

rces

of

surv

eilla

nce

dat

ac.

N

/A

d.

Dec

ide

onm

echa

nism

sto

tr

ansf

erd

ata

from

sou

rce

to

pub

lich

ealth

ag

ency

e.

D

ecid

eon

acc

epta

ble

tim

elin

ess

for

dat

aco

llect

ion

and

fre

que

ncy

for

rep

ortin

g

f.N

/A

g.

Dec

ide

ons

urve

illan

ces

yste

m

des

ign

h.

Ap

pro

vet

hef

unct

iona

lre

qui

rem

ents

of

the

sup

por

ting

in

form

atio

nsy

stem

a.

Eval

uate

cas

ed

efini

tion(

s)

bas

edo

np

erso

n,p

lace

,an

d

time

b.

Eval

uate

sou

rces

,q

ualit

y,a

nd

limita

tions

of

surv

eilla

nce

dat

ac.

A

sses

sth

ead

equa

cyo

fth

ed

ata

elem

ents

to

be

colle

cted

or

rep

orte

d

d.

Ass

ess

mec

hani

sms

tot

rans

fer

dat

afr

oms

ourc

eto

pub

lic

heal

tha

gen

cy

e.

Eval

uate

tim

elin

ess

req

uire

men

tsf

ord

ata

colle

ctio

nf.

Ass

ess

freq

uenc

yof

rep

ortin

g

g.

Cre

ate

surv

eilla

nce

syst

em

des

ign

ont

heb

asis

of

pot

entia

lus

eso

fd

ata

h.

Ass

ess

the

func

tiona

lre

qui

rem

ents

of

the

info

rmat

ion

syst

em

I. Sk

ill D

om

ain—

Ass

essm

ent

and

Ana

lysi

s (c

ont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

B

asic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

3.

Imp

lem

ent

new

or

revi

see

xist

ing

su

rvei

llanc

esy

stem

s3.

Im

ple

men

tne

wo

rre

vise

exi

stin

g

surv

eilla

nce

syst

ems

3.

Sup

ervi

seo

rm

anag

eim

ple

men

tatio

nof

new

or

revi

sion

of

exi

stin

gs

urve

illan

ces

yste

ms

3.

Imp

lem

ent

new

or

revi

see

xist

ing

su

rvei

llanc

esy

stem

s

a.

Defi

neo

bje

ctiv

esa

ndu

ses

of

surv

eilla

nce

syst

em

b.

Test

dat

aco

llect

ion,

dat

ast

orag

e,a

nda

naly

tical

met

hod

sas

dire

cted

c.

A

ssis

tin

cre

atin

gw

orki

ng

surv

eilla

nce

syst

em

d.

Col

lect

dat

afo

rve

rifica

tion

of

the

defi

ned

sur

veill

ance

sys

tem

p

aram

eter

s(e

.g.,

timel

ines

s,

freq

uenc

y)

e.

Cla

ssify

pot

entia

lcas

es

acco

rdin

gt

ow

heth

ert

hey

mee

tth

eca

sed

efini

tion

f.In

terv

iew

peo

ple

with

illn

ess

to

solic

itne

cess

ary

info

rmat

ion

g.

Ass

ist

inm

onito

ring

dat

aq

ualit

yh.

M

aint

ain

goo

dw

orki

ng

rela

tions

hip

sw

ithr

epor

ting

en

titie

si.

Prov

ide

feed

bac

kto

rep

ortin

g

entit

ies

and

oth

ero

rgan

izat

ions

or

ind

ivid

uals

who

nee

dt

okn

owa

bou

tth

ed

ata

ors

yste

m

a.

Defi

neo

bje

ctiv

esa

ndu

ses

of

surv

eilla

nce

syst

em

b.

Test

dat

aco

llect

ion,

dat

ast

orag

e,a

nda

naly

tical

met

hod

sc.

C

reat

ew

orki

ngs

urve

illan

ce

syst

em

d.

Verif

yth

atd

ata

colle

ctio

noc

curs

acc

ord

ing

to

the

defi

ned

su

rvei

llanc

esy

stem

par

amet

ers

(e.g

.,tim

elin

ess,

fre

que

ncy)

e.

En

sure

cor

rect

cla

ssifi

catio

nof

ca

ses

acco

rdin

gt

oth

eca

se

defi

nitio

nf.

Inte

rvie

wp

eop

lew

ithil

lnes

sto

so

licit

nece

ssar

yin

form

atio

ng

.M

onito

rd

ata

qua

lity

h.

Cre

ate

goo

dw

orki

ng

rela

tions

hip

sw

ithr

epor

ting

en

titie

si.

Prov

ide

feed

bac

kto

rep

ortin

g

entit

ies

and

oth

ero

rgan

izat

ions

or

ind

ivid

uals

who

nee

dt

okn

owa

bou

tth

ed

ata

ors

yste

m

a.

Ap

pro

veo

bje

ctiv

esa

ndu

ses

of

surv

eilla

nce

syst

em

b.

Valid

ate

dat

aco

llect

ion,

dat

ast

orag

e,a

nda

naly

tical

met

hod

sc.

N

/A

d.

Verif

yth

atd

ata

colle

ctio

noc

curs

acc

ord

ing

to

the

defi

ned

su

rvei

llanc

esy

stem

par

amet

ers

(e.g

.,tim

elin

ess,

fre

que

ncy)

e.

N

/A

f.N

/A

g.

Ensu

ret

hat

dat

aq

ualit

yis

m

onito

red

h.

En

sure

goo

dw

orki

ng

rela

tions

hip

sw

ithr

epor

ting

en

titie

si.

Ensu

rep

rovi

sion

of

feed

bac

kto

rep

ortin

ge

ntiti

esa

ndo

ther

or

gan

izat

ions

or

ind

ivid

uals

who

ne

edt

okn

owa

bou

tth

ed

ata

or

syst

em

a.

Dev

elop

gui

del

ines

for

ob

ject

ives

and

use

sof

su

rvei

llanc

esy

stem

sb

.Va

lidat

ed

ata

colle

ctio

n,d

ata

stor

age,

and

ana

lytic

alm

etho

ds

c.

Cre

ate

wor

king

sur

veill

ance

sy

stem

d

.A

sses

sp

erfo

rman

ceo

fd

ata

colle

ctio

nsy

stem

sag

ains

tth

ed

efine

ds

urve

illan

ces

yste

m

par

amet

ers

(e.g

.,tim

elin

ess,

fr

eque

ncy)

e.

N

/A

f.N

/A

g.

Mon

itor

dat

aq

ualit

yh.

C

reat

eg

ood

wor

king

re

latio

nshi

ps

with

rep

ortin

g

entit

ies

i.Sy

nthe

size

info

rmat

ion

abou

tsu

rvei

llanc

esy

stem

for

co

mm

unic

atin

gt

ore

por

ting

en

titie

san

do

ther

org

aniz

atio

ns

orin

div

idua

lsw

hon

eed

to

know

ab

out

the

dat

aor

sys

tem

I. Sk

ill D

om

ain—

Ass

essm

ent

and

Ana

lysi

s (c

ont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

B

asic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

4.

Rep

ort

key

find

ing

sfr

omt

he

surv

eilla

nce

syst

em

4.

Iden

tify

key

find

ing

sfr

omt

he

surv

eilla

nce

syst

em

4.

Synt

hesi

zek

eyfi

ndin

gs

from

the

su

rvei

llanc

esy

stem

and

oth

er

per

tinen

tin

form

atio

nfo

rus

eb

yd

ecis

ion-

mak

ers

4.

Synt

hesi

zek

eyfi

ndin

gs

from

the

su

rvei

llanc

esy

stem

and

oth

er

per

tinen

tin

form

atio

nfo

rus

eb

yd

ecis

ion-

mak

ers

a.

Prov

ide

syst

em’s

resu

ltst

ose

nior

ep

idem

iolo

gis

ts

b.

Reco

gni

zeim

plic

atio

nst

op

ublic

he

alth

pro

gra

ms

c.

Ass

ist

ind

evel

opin

gc

oncl

usio

ns

from

the

sur

veill

ance

dat

ad

.C

omm

unic

ate

resu

ltst

ose

nior

st

aff

a.

Exam

ine

syst

em’s

resu

ltsin

the

co

ntex

tof

cur

rent

sci

entifi

ckn

owle

dg

eb

.Id

entif

yim

plic

atio

nst

op

ublic

he

alth

pro

gra

ms

c.

Dev

elop

con

clus

ions

fro

mt

he

surv

eilla

nce

dat

ad

.C

omm

unic

ate

resu

ltst

oag

ency

m

anag

ers

and

to

rep

orte

rs

ofs

urve

illan

ced

ata

(see

C

omm

unic

atio

nco

mp

eten

cies

)

a.

Inte

rpre

tsy

stem

’sre

sults

int

he

cont

ext

ofc

urre

nts

cien

tific

know

led

ge

and

oth

era

vaila

ble

in

form

atio

nb

.Ex

amin

ean

yim

plic

atio

nst

op

ublic

hea

lthp

rog

ram

sc.

D

eter

min

ere

lativ

ep

riorit

yof

eac

hco

nclu

sion

fro

mt

he

surv

eilla

nce

dat

a,b

efor

em

akin

g

reco

mm

end

atio

nst

od

ecis

ion-

mak

ers

d.

Com

mun

icat

esy

nthe

size

d

info

rmat

ion

tod

ecis

ion-

mak

ers

and

the

pub

lic

a.

Inte

rpre

tsy

stem

’sre

sults

int

he

cont

ext

ofc

urre

nts

cien

tific

know

led

ge

b.

Exam

ine

any

imp

licat

ions

to

pub

lich

ealth

pro

gra

ms

c.

Det

erm

ine

rela

tive

prio

rity

ofe

ach

conc

lusi

onf

rom

the

su

rvei

llanc

ed

ata,

bef

ore

mak

ing

re

com

men

dat

ions

to

dec

isio

n-m

aker

sd

.C

omm

unic

ate

synt

hesi

zed

in

form

atio

nto

dec

isio

n-m

aker

san

dt

hep

ublic

5.

Sup

por

tev

alua

tion

ofs

urve

illan

ce

syst

ems

5.

Con

duc

tev

alua

tion

ofs

urve

illan

ce

syst

ems

5.

Ensu

ree

valu

atio

nof

sur

veill

ance

sy

stem

s5.

D

esig

nan

dc

ond

uct

eval

uatio

nof

su

rvei

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esy

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s

a.

Col

lect

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cess

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ret

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ges

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dat

ions

d

.En

sure

tha

tch

ang

est

osu

rvei

llanc

esy

stem

are

im

ple

men

ted

on

the

bas

iso

fre

sults

of

eval

uatio

n

I. Sk

ill D

om

ain—

Ass

essm

ent

and

Ana

lysi

s (c

ont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

B

asic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

C.

Iden

tify

acu

tea

ndc

hro

nic

cond

itio

ns

or

oth

era

dve

rse

out

com

esi

nth

ep

op

ulat

ion

C.

Inve

stig

ate

acut

ean

dc

hro

nic

cond

itio

nso

ro

ther

ad

vers

eo

utco

mes

in

the

po

pul

atio

n

C.

Ens

ure

inve

stig

atio

no

fac

ute

and

ch

roni

cco

ndit

ions

or

oth

era

dve

rse

out

com

esi

nth

ep

op

ulat

ion

C.

Des

ign

inve

stig

atio

no

fac

ute

and

ch

roni

cco

ndit

ions

or

oth

era

dve

rse

out

com

esi

nth

ep

op

ulat

ion

1.

Ass

ist

inc

ond

uctin

ga

com

mun

ity

heal

ths

tatu

sas

sess

men

t1.

C

ond

uct

aco

mm

unity

hea

lths

tatu

sas

sess

men

t1.

O

vers

eea

com

mun

ityh

ealth

sta

tus

asse

ssm

ent

1.

Des

ign

aco

mm

unity

hea

lths

tatu

sas

sess

men

t

2.

N/A

2.

Re

com

men

dp

riorit

ies

ofp

oten

tial

pub

lich

ealth

pro

ble

ms

tob

ead

dre

ssed

2.

Dec

ide

onp

riorit

yof

pub

lich

ealth

p

rob

lem

sto

be

add

ress

ed

2.

Reco

mm

end

prio

ritie

sof

pot

entia

lp

ublic

hea

lthp

rob

lem

sto

be

add

ress

ed

3.

Cha

ract

eriz

ein

vest

igat

ive

pro

cess

es

3.

Sele

ctin

vest

igat

ive

pro

cess

es

3.

Ap

pro

ves

elec

tion

ofin

vest

igat

ive

pro

cess

es

3.

Det

erm

ine

inve

stig

ativ

ep

roce

sses

a.

Reco

gni

zed

iffer

ent

prin

cip

les

ofin

vest

igat

ion

for

end

emic

/sp

orad

icil

lnes

sor

dis

ease

cl

uste

rsv

s.a

cute

out

bre

aks

b.

List

the

maj

ore

pid

emio

log

ic

stud

yd

esig

ns,

incl

udin

gt

he

stre

ngth

san

dw

eakn

esse

sof

ea

ch

a.

Ap

ply

prin

cip

les

ofin

vest

igat

ion

for

end

emic

/sp

orad

icil

lnes

sor

dis

ease

clu

ster

svs

.ac

ute

outb

reak

sb

.D

escr

ibe

the

maj

or

epid

emio

log

ics

tud

yd

esig

ns,

incl

udin

gt

hes

tren

gth

san

d

wea

knes

ses

ofe

ach

a.

Det

erm

ine

whe

ther

to

use

inve

stig

ativ

em

etho

ds

for

end

emic

/sp

orad

icil

lnes

sor

d

isea

sec

lust

ers

vs.

acut

eou

tbre

aks

b.

Dec

ide

whi

che

pid

emio

log

ic

stud

yd

esig

nto

use

for

the

p

ublic

hea

lthp

rob

lem

to

be

inve

stig

ated

a.

Det

erm

ine

whe

ther

to

use

inve

stig

ativ

em

etho

ds

for

end

emic

/sp

orad

icil

lnes

sor

d

isea

sec

lust

ers

vs.

acut

eou

tbre

aks

b.

Inte

gra

tek

now

led

ge

abou

tep

idem

iolo

gic

stu

dy

des

igns

in

tos

tud

yd

esig

nfo

rth

ep

ublic

hea

lthp

rob

lem

to

be

inve

stig

ated

4.

Cre

ate

hyp

othe

ses

4.

Cre

ate

hyp

othe

ses

4.

Verif

yhy

pot

hese

s4.

Ve

rify

hyp

othe

ses

I. Sk

ill D

om

ain—

Ass

essm

ent

and

Ana

lysi

s (c

ont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

B

asic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

5.

Ass

ist

ind

esig

nof

inve

stig

atio

n(e

.g.,

dis

ease

inve

stig

atio

ns,

stud

ies,

or

scre

enin

gp

rog

ram

s)

5.

Ass

ist

ind

esig

nof

inve

stig

atio

n(e

.g.,

dis

ease

inve

stig

atio

ns,

stud

ies,

or

scre

enin

gp

rog

ram

s)

5.

Ove

rsee

des

ign

ofin

vest

igat

ions

(e

.g.,

dis

ease

inve

stig

atio

ns,

stud

ies,

or

scre

enin

gp

rog

ram

s)

5.

Des

ign

inve

stig

atio

ns(e

.g.,

dis

ease

in

vest

igat

ions

,st

udie

s,o

rsc

reen

ing

p

rog

ram

s)

a.

Iden

tify

targ

etp

opul

atio

nfo

rin

vest

igat

ion

b.

N/A

c.

N

/A

d.

Cre

ate

case

defi

nitio

n(s)

e.

N

/A

f.N

/A

g.

N/A

h.

N

/A

i.N

/A

j.N

/A

a.

Iden

tify

targ

etp

opul

atio

nfo

rin

vest

igat

ion

b.

Perf

orm

pow

erc

alcu

latio

nsif

ne

cess

ary

c.

Iden

tify

ind

ivid

uals

or

gro

ups

elig

ible

to

be

int

hes

tud

yd

.C

reat

eca

sed

efini

tion(

s)

e.

Iden

tify

time

fram

efo

rin

vest

igat

ion

f.Se

lect

inve

stig

atio

nd

esig

nun

der

exi

stin

gc

onst

rain

ts

g.

Iden

tify

pos

sib

les

ourc

eso

fb

ias

h.

Iden

tify

met

hod

sto

min

imiz

ep

oten

tials

ourc

eso

fb

ias

i.Id

entif

yp

oten

tialc

onfo

und

ers

j.D

esig

nst

rate

gie

sto

min

imiz

eor

el

imin

ate

pot

entia

lcon

foun

din

g

a.

Valid

ate

sele

ctio

nof

tar

get

p

opul

atio

nfo

rin

vest

igat

ion

b.

Ap

pro

vep

ower

cal

cula

tions

c.

A

pp

rove

incl

usio

nof

ind

ivid

uals

or

gro

ups

int

hes

tud

yd

.A

pp

rove

cas

ed

efini

tion(

s)

e.

Ap

pro

vet

ime

fram

efo

rin

vest

igat

ion

f.A

pp

rove

inve

stig

atio

nd

esig

nth

atw

illb

em

ost

effe

ctiv

eun

der

ex

istin

gc

onst

rain

ts

g.

N/A

h.

A

pp

rove

met

hod

sto

min

imiz

ep

oten

tials

ourc

eso

fb

ias

i.N

/A

j.A

pp

rove

str

ateg

ies

to

min

imiz

eor

elim

inat

ep

oten

tial

conf

ound

ing

a.

Iden

tify

targ

etp

opul

atio

nfo

rin

vest

igat

ion

b.

Eval

uate

res

ults

of

pow

er

calc

ulat

ions

c.

Ve

rify

ind

ivid

uals

or

gro

ups

for

incl

usio

nin

the

stu

dy

d.

Cre

ate

case

defi

nitio

n(s)

e.

Ve

rify

time

fram

efo

rin

vest

igat

ion

f.Ju

stify

inve

stig

atio

nd

esig

nun

der

exi

stin

gc

onst

rain

ts

g.

Eval

uate

pos

sib

les

ourc

eso

fb

ias

h.

Iden

tify

met

hod

sto

min

imiz

ep

oten

tials

ourc

eso

fb

ias

i.Ev

alua

tep

oten

tialc

onfo

und

ers

j.D

esig

nst

rate

gie

sto

min

imiz

eor

el

imin

ate

pot

entia

lcon

foun

din

g

6.

Con

duc

tin

vest

igat

ion

asd

irect

ed

6.

Use

inve

stig

atio

nte

chni

que

sco

nsis

tent

with

the

pub

lich

ealth

p

rob

lem

6.

Ensu

reu

seo

fin

vest

igat

ion

tech

niq

ues

cons

iste

ntw

itht

he

pub

lich

ealth

pro

ble

m

6.

Des

ign

inve

stig

atio

nte

chni

que

sco

nsis

tent

with

the

pub

lich

ealth

p

rob

lem

a.

Resp

ond

ina

tim

efr

ame

cons

iste

ntw

itht

hep

ublic

hea

lth

pro

ble

mb

eing

inve

stig

ated

b

.N

/A

c.

Con

tact

dat

aso

urce

sd

.U

sem

etho

ds

for

find

ing

cas

es

oro

ther

sub

ject

ssu

itab

let

oth

ein

vest

igat

ion

e.

Use

dat

aco

llect

ion

inst

rum

ents

th

ath

ave

bee

nco

nstr

ucte

df

or

the

inve

stig

atio

nf.

Use

iden

tified

sam

plin

g

met

hod

sg

.Su

pp

ort

nece

ssar

yco

ord

inat

ion

amon

ga

llg

roup

sin

volv

edin

in

vest

igat

ion

a.

Resp

ond

ina

tim

efr

ame

cons

iste

ntw

itht

hep

ublic

hea

lth

pro

ble

mb

eing

inve

stig

ated

b

.A

pp

lym

etho

ds

and

mea

sure

sth

ata

rec

onsi

sten

tw

itht

he

par

ticul

art

ype

ofin

vest

igat

ion

c.

Iden

tify

sour

ces

ofd

ata

for

inve

stig

atio

nd

.Id

entif

ym

etho

ds

tofi

ndc

ases

an

do

ther

sub

ject

ssu

itab

let

oth

ein

vest

igat

ion

e.

Des

ign

dat

aco

llect

ion

inst

rum

ents

usi

ngn

ewo

rex

istin

gin

form

atio

nsy

stem

sf.

Iden

tify

sam

plin

gm

etho

ds

giv

ent

hec

onte

xto

fth

esi

tuat

ion

g.

Org

aniz

ene

cess

ary

coor

din

atio

nam

ong

all

gro

ups

invo

lved

inin

vest

igat

ion

a.

Ensu

ret

hat

resp

onse

isin

a

time

fram

eco

nsis

tent

with

the

p

ublic

hea

lthp

rob

lem

bei

ng

inve

stig

ated

b

.En

sure

tha

tm

etho

ds

and

m

easu

res

are

cons

iste

nt

with

the

par

ticul

art

ype

of

inve

stig

atio

nc.

A

pp

rove

dat

aso

urce

sfo

rin

vest

igat

ion

d.

Ap

pro

vem

etho

ds

tofi

ndc

ases

an

do

ther

sub

ject

se.

A

pp

rove

dat

aco

llect

ion

inst

rum

ents

and

sup

por

ting

in

form

atio

nsy

stem

sf.

Ap

pro

ves

amp

ling

met

hod

sg

iven

the

con

text

of

the

situ

atio

ng

.En

sure

coo

rdin

atio

nam

ong

all

gro

ups

invo

lved

inin

vest

igat

ion

a.

Resp

ond

ina

tim

efr

ame

cons

iste

ntw

itht

hep

ublic

hea

lth

pro

ble

mb

eing

inve

stig

ated

b

.Re

com

men

dm

etho

ds

and

m

easu

res

that

are

con

sist

ent

with

the

par

ticul

art

ype

of

inve

stig

atio

nc.

Ve

rify

sele

ctio

nof

dat

aso

urce

sfo

rin

vest

igat

ion

d.

Verif

yse

lect

ion

ofc

ase

find

ing

m

etho

ds

e.

Eval

uate

dat

aco

llect

ion

inst

rum

ents

and

sup

por

ting

in

form

atio

nsy

stem

sf.

Eval

uate

sam

plin

gm

etho

ds

giv

ent

hec

onte

xto

fth

esi

tuat

ion

g.

Org

aniz

ene

cess

ary

coor

din

atio

nam

ong

all

gro

ups

invo

lved

inin

vest

igat

ion

I. Sk

ill D

om

ain—

Ass

essm

ent

and

Ana

lysi

s (c

ont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

B

asic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

D.

Ap

ply

pri

ncip

les

of

go

od

eth

ical

/le

gal

pra

ctic

eas

the

yre

late

to

st

udy

des

ign

and

dat

aco

llect

ion,

d

isse

min

atio

n,a

ndu

se

D.

Ap

ply

pri

ncip

les

of

go

od

eth

ical

/le

gal

pra

ctic

eas

the

yre

late

to

st

udy

des

ign

and

dat

aco

llect

ion,

d

isse

min

atio

n,a

ndu

se

D.

Ens

ure

stud

yd

esig

nan

dd

ata

colle

ctio

n,d

isse

min

atio

n,a

ndu

se

follo

we

thic

al/l

egal

pri

ncip

les

D.

Synt

hesi

zep

rinc

iple

so

fg

oo

d

ethi

cal/

leg

alp

ract

ice

for

app

licat

ion

tos

tud

yd

esig

nan

dd

ata

colle

ctio

n,

dis

sem

inat

ion,

and

use

1.

Follo

we

thic

sg

uid

elin

esa

nd

prin

cip

les

whe

np

lann

ing

stu

die

s;

cond

uctin

gr

esea

rch;

and

co

llect

ing

,d

isse

min

atin

g,

and

usi

ng

dat

a

1.

Follo

we

thic

sg

uid

elin

esa

nd

prin

cip

les

whe

np

lann

ing

stu

die

s;

cond

uctin

gr

esea

rch;

and

co

llect

ing

,d

isse

min

atin

g,

and

usi

ng

dat

a

1.

Exam

ine

ethi

csg

uid

elin

es

and

prin

cip

les

whe

np

lann

ing

st

udie

s;c

ond

uctin

gr

esea

rch;

and

co

llect

ing

,d

isse

min

atin

g,

and

usi

ng

dat

a

1.

Inte

gra

tee

thic

sg

uid

elin

es

and

prin

cip

les

whe

np

lann

ing

st

udie

s;c

ond

uctin

gr

esea

rch;

and

co

llect

ing

,d

isse

min

atin

g,

and

usi

ng

dat

a

a.

Col

lect

and

use

pub

lich

ealth

d

ata,

incl

udin

gin

div

idua

lid

entifi

ers,

onl

yw

ithc

lear

ly

iden

tified

just

ifica

tion

b.

Bal

ance

res

pec

tfo

rp

eop

lea

nd

ind

ivid

ualp

rivac

yw

itht

her

isk

oft

het

hrea

tto

the

com

mun

ity

c.

Ap

ply

pub

lich

ealth

cod

eof

eth

ics

toc

olle

ctio

n,

man

agem

ent,

dis

sem

inat

ion,

an

du

seo

fd

ata

and

in

form

atio

n,in

clud

ing

prin

cip

les

ofju

stic

e,t

imel

ines

s,a

nd

tran

spar

ency

of

pur

pos

e(w

ww

.ap

ha.o

rg/c

odeo

feth

ics)

a.

Col

lect

and

use

pub

lich

ealth

d

ata,

incl

udin

gin

div

idua

lid

entifi

ers,

onl

yw

ithc

lear

ly

iden

tified

just

ifica

tion

b.

Bal

ance

res

pec

tfo

rp

eop

lea

nd

ind

ivid

ualp

rivac

yw

itht

her

isk

oft

het

hrea

tto

the

com

mun

ity

c.

Ap

ply

pub

lich

ealth

cod

eof

eth

ics

toc

olle

ctio

n,

man

agem

ent,

dis

sem

inat

ion,

an

du

seo

fd

ata

and

in

form

atio

n,in

clud

ing

prin

cip

les

ofju

stic

e,t

imel

ines

s,a

nd

tran

spar

ency

of

pur

pos

e(w

ww

.ap

ha.o

rg/c

odeo

feth

ics)

a.

Ensu

ret

hat

pub

lich

ealth

d

ata,

incl

udin

gin

div

idua

lid

entifi

ers,

are

col

lect

eda

nd

used

onl

yw

ithc

lear

lyid

entifi

ed

just

ifica

tion

b.

Bal

ance

res

pec

tfo

rp

eop

lea

nd

ind

ivid

ualp

rivac

yw

itht

her

isk

oft

het

hrea

tto

the

com

mun

ity

c.

Ensu

ret

hat

pub

lich

ealth

co

de

ofe

thic

sis

ap

plie

dt

oco

llect

ion,

man

agem

ent,

d

isse

min

atio

n,a

ndu

seo

fd

ata

and

info

rmat

ion,

incl

udin

g

prin

cip

les

ofju

stic

e,t

imel

ines

s,

and

tra

nsp

aren

cyo

fp

urp

ose

(ww

w.a

pha

.org

/cod

eofe

thic

s)

a.

Col

lect

and

use

pub

lich

ealth

d

ata,

incl

udin

gin

div

idua

lid

entifi

ers,

onl

yw

ithc

lear

ly

iden

tified

just

ifica

tion

b.

Bal

ance

res

pec

tfo

rp

eop

lea

nd

ind

ivid

ualp

rivac

yw

itht

her

isk

oft

het

hrea

tto

the

com

mun

ity

c.

Ap

ply

pub

lich

ealth

cod

eof

eth

ics

toc

olle

ctio

n,

man

agem

ent,

dis

sem

inat

ion,

an

du

seo

fd

ata

and

in

form

atio

n,in

clud

ing

prin

cip

les

ofju

stic

e,t

imel

ines

s,a

nd

tran

spar

ency

of

pur

pos

e(w

ww

.ap

ha.o

rg/c

odeo

feth

ics)

2.

Ap

ply

rel

evan

tla

ws

tod

ata

colle

ctio

n,m

anag

emen

t,

dis

sem

inat

ion,

and

use

of

dat

aan

d

info

rmat

ion

2.

Ap

ply

rel

evan

tla

ws

tod

ata

colle

ctio

n,m

anag

emen

t,

dis

sem

inat

ion,

and

use

of

dat

aan

d

info

rmat

ion

2.

Com

mun

icat

eto

sta

ffle

gal

ex

pec

tatio

ns,

limita

tions

,an

d

imp

licat

ions

of

colle

ctio

n,

man

agem

ent,

dis

sem

inat

ion,

and

us

eof

dat

aan

din

form

atio

n

2.

Des

ign

dat

aco

llect

ion,

m

anag

emen

t,a

ndd

isse

min

atio

nan

du

seo

fd

ata

and

info

rmat

ion

to

com

ply

with

rel

evan

tla

ws

3.

N/A

3.

D

escr

ibe

diff

eren

ces

bet

wee

np

ublic

hea

lthp

ract

ice

and

pub

lic

heal

thr

esea

rch

3.

Ob

tain

dec

isio

non

whe

ther

in

vest

igat

ion

invo

lves

pub

lich

ealth

p

ract

ice

orp

ublic

hea

lthr

esea

rch

3.

Verif

yco

nclu

sion

sth

ath

ave

bee

nre

ache

dr

egar

din

gd

istin

ctio

nb

etw

een

pub

lich

ealth

pra

ctic

ean

d

pub

lich

ealth

res

earc

h

4.

Des

crib

ehu

man

sub

ject

sre

sear

ch

4.

Des

crib

ehu

man

sub

ject

sre

sear

ch

4.

Ensu

rele

gal

and

eth

ical

con

duc

tof

hu

man

sub

ject

sre

sear

ch

4.

Ensu

rele

gal

and

eth

ical

con

duc

tof

hu

man

sub

ject

sre

sear

ch

5.

Ap

ply

Inst

itutio

nalR

evie

wB

oard

p

roce

sses

as

dire

cted

5.

A

pp

lyIn

stitu

tiona

lRev

iew

Boa

rd

pro

cess

esa

sne

cess

ary

5.

Ensu

rea

pp

licat

ion

ofn

eces

sary

In

stitu

tiona

lRev

iew

Boa

rd

pro

cess

es

5.

Ensu

rea

pp

licat

ion

ofIn

stitu

tiona

lRe

view

Boa

rdp

roce

sses

I. Sk

ill D

om

ain—

Ass

essm

ent

and

Ana

lysi

s (c

ont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

B

asic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

6.

Brin

gp

oten

tialc

onfli

cts

of

inte

rest

to

atte

ntio

nof

sen

ior

epid

emio

log

ists

6.

Man

age

confl

icts

of

inte

rest

as

nece

ssar

y6.

En

sure

tha

tco

nflic

tso

fin

tere

st

do

not

inte

rfer

ew

ithr

esea

rch

or

inve

stig

atio

ns

6.

Ensu

ret

hat

confl

icts

of

inte

rest

d

ono

tin

terf

ere

with

res

earc

hor

in

vest

igat

ions

7.

Ap

ply

kno

wle

dg

eof

priv

acy

law

sto

pro

tect

con

fiden

tialit

y,in

clud

ing

H

ealth

Insu

ranc

ePo

rtab

ility

and

A

ccou

ntab

ility

Act

and

ap

plic

able

st

ate

and

loca

lpriv

acy

law

s

7.

Ap

ply

kno

wle

dg

eof

priv

acy

law

sto

pro

tect

con

fiden

tialit

y,in

clud

ing

H

ealth

Insu

ranc

ePo

rtab

ility

and

A

ccou

ntab

ility

Act

and

ap

plic

able

st

ate

and

loca

lpriv

acy

law

s

7.

Ensu

rea

pp

licat

ion

ofp

rivac

yla

ws

top

rote

ctc

onfid

entia

lity,

incl

udin

g

Hea

lthIn

sura

nce

Port

abili

tya

nd

Acc

ount

abili

tyA

cta

nda

pp

licab

le

stat

ean

dlo

calp

rivac

yla

ws

7.

Inco

rpor

ate

priv

acy

law

sin

tos

tud

yd

esig

nto

pro

tect

con

fiden

tialit

y,

incl

udin

gH

ealth

Insu

ranc

ePo

rtab

ility

and

Acc

ount

abili

tyA

ct

and

ap

plic

able

sta

tea

ndlo

cal

priv

acy

law

s

8.

Kno

wa

gen

cyp

roce

dur

esf

or

hand

ling

Fre

edom

of

Info

rmat

ion

Act

req

uest

s

8.

Kno

wa

gen

cyp

roce

dur

esf

or

hand

ling

Fre

edom

of

Info

rmat

ion

Act

req

uest

s

8.

Kno

wa

gen

cyp

roce

dur

esf

or

hand

ling

Fre

edom

of

Info

rmat

ion

Act

req

uest

s

8.

Kno

wa

gen

cyp

roce

dur

esf

or

hand

ling

Fre

edom

of

Info

rmat

ion

Act

req

uest

s

9.

Brin

gp

oten

tialv

iola

tions

of

ethi

calp

rinci

ple

sin

pre

par

ing

and

su

bm

ittin

gp

ublic

atio

nst

oat

tent

ion

ofs

enio

rep

idem

iolo

gis

ts

9.

Ap

ply

eth

ical

prin

cip

les

in

pre

par

ing

and

sub

mitt

ing

p

ublic

atio

ns

9.

Ensu

rea

pp

licat

ion

ofe

thic

al

prin

cip

les

inp

rep

arin

ga

nd

sub

mitt

ing

pub

licat

ions

9.

Ap

ply

eth

ical

prin

cip

les

in

pre

par

ing

and

sub

mitt

ing

p

ublic

atio

ns

I. Sk

ill D

om

ain—

Ass

essm

ent

and

Ana

lysi

s (c

ont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

B

asic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

E.

Org

aniz

ed

ata

fro

ms

urve

illan

ce,

inve

stig

atio

ns,

or

oth

ers

our

ces

E.

Man

age

dat

afr

om

sur

veill

ance

,in

vest

igat

ions

,o

ro

ther

so

urce

sE

.E

nsur

em

anag

emen

to

fd

ata

fro

m

surv

eilla

nce,

inv

esti

gat

ions

,o

ro

ther

so

urce

s

E.

Man

age

dat

afr

om

sur

veill

ance

,in

vest

igat

ions

,o

ro

ther

so

urce

s

1.

Ass

ist

ind

efini

tion

ofd

atab

ase

req

uire

men

ts,

ifin

dic

ated

1.

D

efine

dat

abas

ere

qui

rem

ents

,if

ind

icat

ed

1.

Ap

pro

ved

atab

ase

req

uire

men

ts

1.

Defi

ned

atab

ase

req

uire

men

ts,

ifin

dic

ated

a.

N/A

b

.A

dhe

ret

ona

tiona

lsta

ndar

ds

for

cod

ing

and

var

iab

les

asd

irect

ed(e

.g.,

assi

gni

ng

num

eric

cod

est

ote

xtr

esp

onse

op

tions

for

av

aria

ble

)to

ensu

re

accu

racy

and

eas

eof

ana

lysi

sc.

U

sed

ata

entr

yte

chni

que

sth

at

ensu

rea

ccur

acy

and

rel

iab

ility

d

.C

ond

uct

dat

aen

try

valid

atio

ne.

Pe

rfor

md

ata

clea

ning

and

err

or

corr

ectio

nf.

N/A

g

.N

/A

a.

Des

ign

dat

abas

ew

itho

ren

sure

th

att

hed

atab

ase

des

ign

incl

udes

the

nec

essa

ryv

aria

ble

san

dd

ata

dic

tiona

ry

b.

Ad

here

to

natio

nals

tand

ard

sfo

rco

din

ga

ndv

aria

ble

s(e

.g.,

assi

gni

ngn

umer

icc

odes

to

text

re

spon

seo

ptio

nsf

ora

var

iab

le)

toe

nsur

eac

cura

cya

nde

ase

of

anal

ysis

c.

D

esig

nd

ata

entr

yte

chni

que

sth

ate

nsur

eac

cura

cya

nd

relia

bili

ty

d.

Con

duc

td

ata

entr

yva

lidat

ion

e.

Perf

orm

dat

acl

eani

nga

nde

rror

co

rrec

tion

f.C

omm

unic

ate

resu

ltso

fd

ata

erro

rco

rrec

tion

tod

ata

pro

vid

ers

g.

Defi

net

her

equi

rem

ents

for

or

des

ign

dat

abas

est

hat

sup

por

tan

alys

isu

sing

geo

gra

phi

cin

form

atio

n

a.

N/A

b

.Ve

rify

use

ofv

aria

ble

san

d

cod

ing

ind

atab

ases

c.

Ve

rify

dat

aen

try

tech

niq

ues

to

ensu

rea

ccur

acy

and

rel

iab

ility

d

.N

/A

e.

Verif

yth

atv

alid

dat

acl

eani

ng

has

occu

rred

f.

Com

mun

icat

ere

sults

of

dat

aer

ror

corr

ectio

nto

dat

ap

rovi

der

sg

.En

sure

tha

td

atab

ase

req

uire

men

tso

rd

esig

nsu

pp

ort

anal

ysis

usi

ngg

eog

rap

hic

info

rmat

ion

a.

Des

ign

dat

abas

ew

ith,

ore

nsur

eth

att

hed

atab

ase

des

ign

incl

udes

,the

nec

essa

ryv

aria

ble

san

dm

etad

ata

b.

Verif

ych

oice

of

cod

ing

and

va

riab

les

(e.g

.,as

sig

ning

nu

mer

icc

odes

to

text

res

pon

se

optio

nsf

ora

var

iab

le)t

oen

sure

an

db

alan

cea

ccur

acy

and

eas

eof

ana

lysi

sc.

Ev

alua

tea

ccur

acy

and

rel

iab

ility

of

dat

aen

try

tech

niq

ues

d.

Ap

pro

ved

ata

entr

yva

lidat

ion

pro

cess

es

e.

Ap

pro

ved

ata

clea

ning

and

er

ror

corr

ectio

np

roce

sses

f.

Com

mun

icat

ere

sults

of

dat

aer

ror

corr

ectio

nto

dat

ap

rovi

der

sg

.D

efine

the

req

uire

men

tsf

oro

rd

esig

nd

atab

ases

tha

tsu

pp

ort

anal

ysis

usi

ngg

eog

rap

hic

info

rmat

ion

I. Sk

ill D

om

ain—

Ass

essm

ent

and

Ana

lysi

s (c

ont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

B

asic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

2.

Mai

ntai

nd

atab

ases

2.

M

anag

ed

atab

ases

2.

En

sure

dat

abas

em

anag

emen

t2.

M

anag

ed

atab

ases

a.

Mai

ntai

nor

igin

ald

ata

b.

N/A

c.

Fo

llow

est

ablis

hed

pro

ced

ures

fo

rcr

eatin

gn

ewv

aria

ble

sas

ne

cess

ary

tos

upp

ort

anal

ysis

of

dat

ad

.N

/A

e.

Follo

we

stab

lishe

dp

roce

dur

es

for

linki

ngr

elat

iona

ldat

aan

d

sub

sett

ing

the

min

toa

naly

sis-

spec

ific

flat

dat

aset

sf.

N/A

g

.D

ocum

ent

allc

hang

est

od

atab

ase

h.

Ap

ply

pra

ctic

esf

ors

ecur

e(re

stric

ted

acc

ess)

and

sta

ble

(ro

utin

eb

acku

ps,

dat

abas

ere

dun

dan

cy)d

ata

stor

age

a.

Mai

ntai

nor

igin

ald

ata,

but

tr

ansf

orm

dat

aas

nee

ded

for

sp

ecifi

can

alys

es

b.

Use

nat

iona

lsta

ndar

ds

whe

re

they

exi

stw

hen

crea

ting

d

atas

ets

for

anal

ysis

c.

C

reat

ene

wv

aria

ble

sas

ne

cess

ary

tos

upp

ort

anal

ysis

of

dat

ad

.Pe

rfor

mm

erg

ing

and

sp

littin

g

ofd

atab

ases

e.

D

eter

min

em

etho

ds

for

linki

ng

rela

tiona

ldat

aan

ds

ubse

ttin

g

them

into

ana

lysi

s-sp

ecifi

cfla

td

atas

ets

f.C

hang

efo

rmat

of

dat

afr

om

one

soft

war

eap

plic

atio

nto

an

othe

rif

nece

ssar

y(e

.g.,

from

A

SCII

toS

AS)

g

.D

ocum

ent

alld

ata

tran

sfor

mat

ions

h.

A

pp

lyp

ract

ices

for

sec

ure

(rest

ricte

da

cces

s)a

nds

tab

le

(rout

ine

bac

kup

s,d

atab

ase

red

und

ancy

)dat

ast

orag

e

a.

Ensu

ret

hat

dat

aar

em

aint

aine

d

and

tra

nsfo

rmed

as

need

edf

or

spec

ific

anal

yses

b

.En

sure

tha

tna

tiona

lsta

ndar

ds

are

emp

loye

dw

here

the

yex

ist

whe

nd

atas

ets

are

crea

ted

for

an

alys

is

c.

N/A

d

.N

/A

e.

N/A

f.

N/A

g

.En

sure

tha

tal

ldat

atr

ansf

orm

atio

nsa

re

doc

umen

ted

h.

En

sure

sec

ure

(rest

ricte

da

cces

s)

and

sta

ble

(rou

tine

bac

kup

s,

dat

abas

ere

dun

dan

cy)d

ata

stor

age

a.

Mai

ntai

nor

igin

ald

ata,

but

tr

ansf

orm

dat

aas

nee

ded

for

sp

ecifi

can

alys

es

b.

Reco

mm

end

nat

iona

lsta

ndar

ds

tou

sew

hen

crea

ting

dat

aset

sfo

ran

alys

is

c.

Eval

uate

nee

df

orc

reat

ion

of

new

var

iab

les

asn

eces

sary

to

sup

por

tan

alys

iso

fd

ata

d.

Eval

uate

nee

df

ora

ndp

erfo

rm

mer

gin

ga

nds

plit

ting

of

dat

abas

es

e.

Reco

mm

end

met

hod

sfo

rlin

king

rel

atio

nald

ata

and

su

bse

ttin

gt

hem

into

ana

lysi

s-sp

ecifi

cfla

td

atas

ets

f.Pr

ovid

ete

chni

cale

xper

tise

in

chan

gin

gf

orm

ato

fd

ata

from

on

eso

ftw

are

app

licat

ion

to

anot

her

ifne

cess

ary

(e.g

.,fr

om

ASC

IIto

SA

S)

g.

Cre

ate

pro

cess

esf

or

doc

umen

ting

dat

atr

ansf

orm

atio

ns

h.

Ensu

res

ecur

e(re

stric

ted

acc

ess)

an

ds

tab

le(r

outin

eb

acku

ps,

d

atab

ase

red

und

ancy

)dat

ast

orag

e

I. Sk

ill D

om

ain—

Ass

essm

ent

and

Ana

lysi

s (c

ont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

B

asic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

F.

Ana

lyze

dat

afr

om

an

epid

emio

log

ic

inve

stig

atio

no

rst

udy

F.

Ana

lyze

dat

afr

om

an

epid

emio

log

ic

inve

stig

atio

no

rst

udy

F.

Eva

luat

ean

alys

iso

fd

ata

fro

ma

nep

idem

iolo

gic

inv

esti

gat

ion

or

stud

yF.

E

valu

ate

dat

afr

om

an

epid

emio

log

ic

inve

stig

atio

no

rst

udy

1.

Use

ana

lysi

sp

lan

for

dat

a1.

C

reat

ean

alys

isp

lan

for

dat

a1.

A

pp

rove

ana

lysi

sp

lan

for

dat

a1.

C

reat

ean

alys

isp

lan

for

dat

a

a.

N/A

b

.N

/A

c.

N/A

d

.Re

cog

nize

and

des

crib

eth

eas

sum

ptio

nst

ob

eus

edin

in

terp

retin

gr

esul

ts

e.

N/A

f.

N/A

g

.N

/A

a.

Defi

nea

naly

sis

pla

nto

ens

ure

that

pub

lich

ealth

ob

ject

ives

are

m

et

b.

Iden

tify

valid

sta

tistic

al

tech

niq

ues

giv

ent

hed

ata,

st

udy

des

ign,

sam

ple

siz

e,

hyp

othe

ses,

and

oth

err

elev

ant

fact

ors

c.

Spec

ifyt

hep

aram

eter

sto

es

timat

ed

.Sp

ecify

the

ass

ump

tions

to

be

used

inin

terp

retin

gr

esul

ts

e.

Cre

ate

dat

aset

sto

be

used

in

the

anal

ysis

f.

Sele

cts

oftw

are

for

anal

yzin

g

and

man

agin

gd

ata

g.

Ana

lyze

dat

aus

ing

geo

spat

ial

and

gra

phi

calr

epre

sent

atio

ns

a.

Ensu

ret

hat

anal

ysis

pla

nw

illm

eet

the

pub

lich

ealth

ob

ject

ives

b

.Va

lidat

eth

ese

lect

eds

tatis

tical

te

chni

que

sg

iven

the

dat

a,

stud

yd

esig

n,s

amp

les

ize,

hy

pot

hese

s,a

ndo

ther

rel

evan

tfa

ctor

sc.

N

/A

d.

N/A

e.

N

/A

f.N

/A

g.

N/A

a.

Form

ulat

ean

alys

isp

lan

to

ensu

ret

hat

pub

lich

ealth

ob

ject

ives

are

met

b

.Fo

rmul

ate

valid

sta

tistic

al

tech

niq

ues

giv

ent

hed

ata,

st

udy

des

ign,

sam

ple

siz

e,

hyp

othe

ses,

and

oth

err

elev

ant

fact

ors

c.

Verif

yth

ep

aram

eter

sse

lect

ed

for

estim

atio

nd

.Ve

rify

the

assu

mp

tions

to

be

used

inin

terp

retin

gr

esul

ts

e.

Ap

pro

vet

hes

elec

tion

oft

he

dat

aset

sfo

rth

ean

alys

is

f.A

pp

rove

the

sel

ectio

nof

th

eso

ftw

are

tob

eus

edf

or

anal

yzin

ga

ndm

anag

ing

dat

ag

.Re

com

men

dm

etho

ds

for

anal

yzin

gt

her

esul

tsin

clud

ing

g

eosp

atia

land

oth

erg

rap

hica

lre

pre

sent

atio

ns

I. Sk

ill D

om

ain—

Ass

essm

ent

and

Ana

lysi

s (c

ont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

B

asic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

2.

Con

duc

tan

alys

iso

fd

ata

2.

Con

duc

tan

alys

iso

fd

ata

2.

Ap

pro

ved

ata

anal

ysis

2.

Ev

alua

ted

ata

a.

Com

put

efr

eque

ncie

san

d

des

crip

tive

stat

istic

sb

.Pe

rfor

ma

naly

ses

for

rate

san

d

age

adju

stm

ent

asd

irect

ed

c.

Com

put

ese

nsiti

vity

,sp

ecifi

city

,p

ositi

vep

red

ictiv

eva

lue,

in

cid

ence

,p

reva

lenc

e,a

nd

attr

ibut

able

fra

ctio

nas

dire

cted

d

.N

/A

e.

Perf

orm

ana

lyse

sfo

rm

easu

res

ofa

ssoc

iatio

n(e

.g.,

rela

tive

risks

an

do

dd

sra

tios)

,co

nfid

ence

in

terv

als,

and

p-v

alue

sf.

Inte

rpre

tm

easu

res

of

asso

ciat

ion,

con

fiden

ce

inte

rval

s,a

ndp

-val

ues

g.

N/A

h.

N

/A

i.N

/A

j.N

/A

k.

N/A

l.

Cre

ate

stan

dar

de

pid

emio

log

yre

por

tan

dn

eces

sary

co

mp

onen

ts,

incl

udin

gt

able

s,

gra

phs

,an

dc

hart

sm

.N

/A

a.

Com

put

efr

eque

ncie

san

d

des

crip

tive

stat

istic

sb

.D

eter

min

ew

heth

err

ates

and

ag

ead

just

men

tsa

ren

eed

ed

and

per

form

ana

lyse

sas

ne

cess

ary

c.

Det

erm

ine

whi

chs

tand

ard

ep

idem

iolo

gic

mea

sure

sar

ein

dic

ated

(e.g

.,se

nsiti

vity

,sp

ecifi

city

,p

ositi

vep

red

ictiv

eva

lue,

inci

den

ce,

pre

vale

nce,

an

da

ttrib

utab

lef

ract

ion)

,an

d

com

put

eas

nee

ded

d

.Pe

rfor

mt

rend

ana

lyse

se.

D

eter

min

em

easu

res

of

asso

ciat

ion

(e.g

.,re

lativ

eris

ks

and

od

ds

ratio

s),

confi

den

ce

inte

rval

s,a

ndp

-val

ues,

and

p

erfo

rma

naly

sis

asn

eed

ed

f.In

terp

ret

mea

sure

sof

as

soci

atio

n,c

onfid

ence

in

terv

als,

and

p-v

alue

sg

.A

sses

sne

edf

orm

ultiv

aria

ble

an

alys

es

h.

Perf

orm

mul

tivar

iab

lea

nd/o

rre

gre

ssio

nan

alys

esa

sne

cess

ary

i.N

/A

j.A

sses

sth

eef

fect

of

pot

entia

lco

nfou

nder

sk.

A

sses

sw

heth

ere

ffect

m

odifi

catio

nis

pre

sent

l.

Cre

ate

stan

dar

de

pid

emio

log

yre

por

tan

dn

eces

sary

co

mp

onen

ts,

incl

udin

gt

able

s,

gra

phs

,an

dc

hart

sm

.Re

view

and

ap

pro

ver

esul

ting

ep

idem

iolo

gy

rep

orts

a.

N/A

b

.N

/A

c.

N/A

d

.N

/A

e.

N/A

f.

N/A

g

.N

/A

h.

N/A

i.

Verif

yre

sults

and

inte

rpre

tatio

nof

dat

aan

alys

is

j.N

/A

k.

N/A

l.

N/A

m

.Re

view

and

ap

pro

ver

esul

ting

ep

idem

iolo

gy

rep

orts

a.

Com

put

efr

eque

ncie

san

d

des

crip

tive

stat

istic

sb

.D

eter

min

ew

heth

err

ates

and

ag

ead

just

men

tsa

ren

eed

ed,

and

per

form

ana

lyse

sas

ne

cess

ary

c.

Form

ulat

ea

syno

psi

sof

th

ed

ata

usin

gs

tand

ard

ep

idem

iolo

gic

mea

sure

s,

incl

udin

gs

ensi

tivity

,sp

ecifi

city

,p

ositi

vep

red

ictiv

eva

lue,

in

cid

ence

,p

reva

lenc

e,a

nd

attr

ibut

able

fra

ctio

nd

.D

eter

min

eb

est

met

hod

olog

yfo

ran

dp

erfo

rmt

rend

ana

lyse

se.

A

naly

zeu

sing

mea

sure

sof

as

soci

atio

n(e

.g.,

rela

tive

risks

an

do

dd

sra

tios)

,co

nfid

ence

in

terv

als,

and

p-v

alue

sf.

Inte

rpre

tm

easu

res

of

asso

ciat

ion,

con

fiden

ce

inte

rval

s,a

ndp

-val

ues

g.

Eval

uate

usi

ngm

ultiv

aria

te

and

/or

reg

ress

ion

anal

yses

as

nece

ssar

yh.

Pe

rfor

mm

ultiv

aria

ble

and

/or

reg

ress

ion

anal

yses

as

nece

ssar

yi.

Verif

yre

sults

and

inte

rpre

tatio

nof

dat

aan

alys

is

j.A

sses

sth

eef

fect

of

pot

entia

lco

nfou

nder

sk.

A

sses

sw

heth

ere

ffect

m

odifi

catio

nis

pre

sent

l.

Cre

ate

stan

dar

de

pid

emio

log

yre

por

tan

dn

eces

sary

co

mp

onen

ts,

incl

udin

gt

able

san

dg

rap

hs

m.

N/A

I. Sk

ill D

om

ain—

Ass

essm

ent

and

Ana

lysi

s (c

ont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

B

asic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

G.

Sum

mar

ize

resu

lts

of

the

anal

ysis

,an

dd

raw

co

nclu

sio

ns

G.

Sum

mar

ize

resu

lts

of

the

anal

ysis

,an

dd

raw

co

nclu

sio

ns

G.

Eva

luat

eco

nclu

sio

nsa

nd

inte

rpre

tati

ons

fro

mi

nves

tig

atio

nG

.E

valu

ate

resu

lts

of

the

anal

ysis

,an

d

inte

rpre

tco

nclu

sio

ns

1.

N/A

1.

A

pp

lyk

now

led

ge

ofe

pid

emio

log

ic

prin

cip

les

and

met

hod

sto

mak

ere

com

men

dat

ions

reg

ard

ing

the

va

lidity

of

epid

emio

log

icd

ata

1.

Ass

ess

the

valid

ityo

fth

eep

idem

iolo

gic

dat

a,t

akin

gin

to

cons

ider

atio

nb

ias

and

oth

ers

tud

ylim

itatio

ns

1.

Ass

ess

the

valid

ityo

fth

eep

idem

iolo

gic

dat

a,t

akin

gin

to

cons

ider

atio

nb

ias

and

oth

ers

tud

ylim

itatio

ns

a.

N/A

b

.N

/A

c.

N/A

d

.N

/A

e.

Dis

ting

uish

bet

wee

nst

atis

tical

as

soci

atio

nan

dc

ausa

leffe

ct

f.N

/A

a.

Det

erm

ine

likel

yso

urce

sof

bia

sb

.A

sses

sva

lidity

and

rel

iab

ility

of

dat

aco

llect

ion

inst

rum

ents

and

m

etho

ds

c.

Det

erm

ine

othe

rlim

itatio

nsin

st

udy

des

ign,

sam

ple

sel

ectio

n,

dat

aco

llect

ion,

ana

lysi

s,a

nd

othe

rfe

atur

es

d.

Reco

gni

zet

heli

mita

tions

of

sig

nific

ance

tes

ting

e.

M

ake

caus

alin

fere

nces

on

the

bas

iso

fp

rinci

ple

sof

cau

satio

n(e

.g.,

stre

ngth

,co

nsis

tenc

y,

bio

log

ical

pla

usib

ility

,d

ose-

resp

onse

,an

dt

emp

oral

re

latio

nshi

p)

f.Ex

amin

eth

ein

fluen

ceo

fp

ower

an

dc

onfid

ence

lim

itso

nth

ein

terp

reta

tion

oft

hes

tud

y’s

dat

a

a.

N/A

b

.N

/A

c.

N/A

d

.N

/A

e.

Eval

uate

cau

sali

nfer

ence

son

the

bas

iso

fp

rinci

ple

sof

cau

satio

n(e

.g.,

stre

ngth

,co

nsis

tenc

y,b

iolo

gic

al

pla

usib

ility

,d

ose-

resp

onse

,an

d

tem

por

alr

elat

ions

hip

)f.

N/A

a.

Con

firm

like

lys

ourc

eso

fb

ias

and

like

lye

ffect

son

res

ults

b

.Ve

rify

the

sele

ctio

nof

dat

aco

llect

ion

inst

rum

ents

and

m

etho

ds

ont

heb

asis

of

thei

rva

lidity

and

rel

iab

ility

c.

C

onfir

mo

ther

lim

itatio

nsin

st

udy

des

ign,

sam

ple

sel

ectio

n,

dat

aco

llect

ion,

ana

lysi

s,a

nd

othe

rfe

atur

es

d.

Exp

lain

the

lim

itatio

nso

fsi

gni

fican

cet

estin

g

e.

Eval

uate

cau

sali

nfer

ence

son

the

bas

iso

fp

rinci

ple

sof

cau

satio

n(e

.g.,

stre

ngth

,co

nsis

tenc

y,b

iolo

gic

al

pla

usib

ility

,d

ose-

resp

onse

,an

d

tem

por

alr

elat

ions

hip

)f.

Exp

lain

the

influ

ence

of

pow

er

and

con

fiden

celi

mits

on

the

inte

rpre

tatio

nof

the

stu

dy’

sd

ata

2.

N/A

2.

A

sses

sne

edf

ors

pec

iala

naly

ses,

in

clud

ing

sur

viva

lana

lyse

s,c

ost-

effe

ctiv

enes

s/co

stb

enefi

t/co

st

utili

tya

naly

ses

2.

Ass

ess

need

for

sp

ecia

lana

lyse

s,

incl

udin

gs

urvi

vala

naly

ses,

cos

t-ef

fect

iven

ess/

cost

ben

efit/

cost

ut

ility

ana

lyse

s

2.

Ass

ess

need

for

sp

ecia

lana

lyse

s,

incl

udin

gs

urvi

vala

naly

ses,

cos

t-ef

fect

iven

ess/

cost

ben

efit/

cost

ut

ility

ana

lyse

s

a.

N/A

a.

N

/A

a.

N/A

a.

Fo

rmul

ate

spec

iala

naly

ses

as

nece

ssar

y,in

clud

ing

sur

viva

lan

alys

es,

cost

-effe

ctiv

enes

s/co

st

ben

efit/

cost

util

itya

naly

ses

I. Sk

ill D

om

ain—

Ass

essm

ent

and

Ana

lysi

s (c

ont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

B

asic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

3.

Iden

tify

key

find

ing

sfr

omt

hes

tud

y3.

Id

entif

yke

yfin

din

gs

from

the

stu

dy

3.

Valid

ate

key

find

ing

sfr

omt

he

stud

y3.

Sy

nthe

size

key

find

ing

sfr

omt

he

stud

y

a.

Rela

tes

tud

yfin

din

gs

toc

urre

nt

scie

ntifi

ckn

owle

dg

eb

.N

/A

c.

N/A

a.

Inte

rpre

tst

udy’

sre

sults

int

he

cont

ext

ofc

urre

nts

cien

tific

know

led

ge

b.

Iden

tify

any

imp

licat

ions

to

pub

lich

ealth

pro

gra

ms

c.

Com

mun

icat

ere

sults

a.

N/A

b

.D

eter

min

eth

eim

por

tanc

eof

im

plic

atio

nst

op

ublic

hea

lth

pro

gra

ms

c.

Synt

hesi

zer

esul

tsf

or

com

mun

icat

ion

tod

ecis

ion-

mak

ers

and

the

pub

lic

a.

Eval

uate

stu

dy’

sre

sults

int

he

cont

ext

ofc

urre

nts

cien

tific

know

led

ge

b.

Verif

yan

yim

plic

atio

nst

op

ublic

he

alth

pro

gra

ms

c.

Synt

hesi

zer

esul

tsf

or

com

mun

icat

ion

tod

ecis

ion-

mak

ers

and

the

pub

lic

H.

Ass

ist

ind

evel

op

ing

rec

om

men

ded

ev

iden

ce-b

ased

int

erve

ntio

nsa

nd

cont

rol

mea

sure

sin

res

po

nse

to

epid

emio

log

icfi

ndin

gs

H.

Rec

om

men

de

vid

ence

-bas

ed

inte

rven

tio

nsa

ndc

ont

rol

mea

sure

sin

res

po

nse

toe

pid

emio

log

ic

find

ing

s

H.

Det

erm

ine

evid

ence

-bas

ed

inte

rven

tio

nsa

ndc

ont

rol

mea

sure

sin

res

po

nse

toe

pid

emio

log

ic

find

ing

s

H.

Form

ulat

ene

wi

nter

vent

ions

on

the

bas

iso

fev

iden

cew

hen

avai

lab

le,

and

co

ntro

lm

easu

res

inr

esp

ons

eto

ep

idem

iolo

gic

find

ing

s

1.

Defi

nec

ultu

ral/

soci

al/p

oliti

cal

fram

ewor

kfo

rre

com

men

ded

in

terv

entio

ns

1.

Esta

blis

hcu

ltura

l/so

cial

/pol

itica

lfr

amew

ork

for

reco

mm

end

atio

nso

rin

terv

entio

ns

1.

Ap

pro

vein

terv

entio

nso

nth

eb

asis

of

und

erst

and

ing

of

cultu

ral/

soci

al/p

oliti

calf

ram

ewor

kfo

rco

nsid

erat

ion

1.

Exam

ine

cultu

ral/

soci

al/

pol

itica

lfra

mew

ork

tod

evel

op

reco

mm

end

atio

nso

rin

terv

entio

ns

a.

Des

crib

est

udy

dat

ain

aw

ay

that

mak

esc

lear

the

rat

iona

le

for

the

reco

mm

end

atio

ns

b.

N/A

a.

Des

crib

est

udy

dat

ain

aw

ay

that

mak

esc

lear

the

rat

iona

le

for

the

reco

mm

end

atio

ns

b.

Rela

tes

tud

yfin

din

gs

toe

xist

ing

p

olic

ies,

reg

ulat

ions

,an

d

law

s,a

sw

ella

sen

viro

nmen

tal

fact

ors

(e.g

.,so

ciet

al,

cultu

ral,

oro

ther

fac

tors

tha

tm

ay

affe

ctt

her

ecom

men

dat

ions

or

inte

rven

tions

)

a.

N/A

b

.In

terp

ret

stud

yfin

din

gs

int

he

cont

ext

ofe

xist

ing

pol

icie

s,

reg

ulat

ions

,an

dla

ws,

as

wel

las

envi

ronm

enta

lfac

tors

(e

.g.,

soci

etal

,cu

ltura

l,or

ot

her

fact

ors

that

may

affe

ct

the

reco

mm

end

atio

nso

rin

terv

entio

ns)

a.

Des

crib

est

udy

dat

ain

aw

ay

that

mak

esc

lear

the

rat

iona

le

for

the

reco

mm

end

atio

ns

b.

Eval

uate

stu

dy

find

ing

sin

re

latio

nto

exi

stin

gp

olic

ies,

re

gul

atio

ns,

and

law

s,a

sw

ella

sen

viro

nmen

talf

acto

rs

(e.g

.,so

ciet

al,

cultu

ral,

or

othe

rfa

ctor

sth

atm

aya

ffect

th

ere

com

men

dat

ions

or

inte

rven

tions

)

I. Sk

ill D

om

ain—

Ass

essm

ent

and

Ana

lysi

s (c

ont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

B

asic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

2.

N/A

2.

U

ses

cien

tific

evid

ence

inp

rep

arin

g

reco

mm

end

atio

nsf

ora

ctio

nor

in

terv

entio

ns

2.

Ensu

ret

hat

scie

ntifi

cev

iden

ceis

use

din

pre

par

ing

re

com

men

dat

ions

for

act

ion

or

inte

rven

tions

2.

Des

ign

reco

mm

end

atio

nsu

sing

sc

ient

ific

evid

ence

or

inte

rven

tions

a.

N/A

b

.N

/A

c.

N/A

d

.N

/A

e.

N/A

f.

N/A

a.

Synt

hesi

zes

cien

tific

evid

ence

an

dk

now

led

ge

for

use

in

pre

par

ing

rec

omm

end

atio

ns

b.

Iden

tify

the

key

typ

eso

fin

terv

entio

nfo

rp

rob

lem

c.

D

evel

opa

sses

smen

tof

the

p

oten

tiali

mp

act

ont

he

pub

lic’s

heal

thf

rom

alte

rnat

ive

inte

rven

tions

d

.Pr

opos

ene

wr

ecom

men

dat

ions

or

mod

ifica

tions

to

exis

ting

in

terv

entio

nsa

sne

cess

ary

on

the

bas

iso

fst

udy

find

ing

se.

Pr

iorit

ize

pot

entia

lpub

lich

ealth

in

terv

entio

ns

f.Li

nka

nyr

ecom

men

ded

b

ehav

iora

lint

erve

ntio

nsw

ith

risk

com

mun

icat

ion

and

ris

kre

duc

tion

met

hod

s

a.

N/A

b

.N

/A

c.

Ap

pro

vea

sses

smen

tof

the

p

oten

tiali

mp

act

ont

he

pub

lic’s

heal

thf

rom

alte

rnat

ive

inte

rven

tions

d

.Se

lect

new

rec

omm

end

atio

ns

orm

odifi

catio

nst

oex

istin

g

inte

rven

tions

as

nece

ssar

yon

th

eb

asis

of

stud

yfin

din

gs

e.

Ap

pro

vep

riorit

izat

ion

of

pot

entia

lpub

lich

ealth

in

terv

entio

ns

f.En

sure

tha

tan

yre

com

men

ded

b

ehav

iora

lint

erve

ntio

nsa

re

linke

dw

ithr

isk

com

mun

icat

ion

and

ris

kre

duc

tion

met

hod

s

a.

Synt

hesi

zes

cien

tific

evid

ence

an

dk

now

led

ge

for

use

in

pre

par

ing

rec

omm

end

atio

ns

b.

Eval

uate

the

key

typ

eso

fin

terv

entio

nfo

rp

rob

lem

c.

Ev

alua

tet

hep

oten

tiali

mp

act

ont

hep

ublic

’she

alth

fro

m

alte

rnat

ive

inte

rven

tions

d

.Fo

rmul

ate

new

re

com

men

dat

ions

or

mod

ifica

tions

to

exis

ting

in

terv

entio

nsa

sne

cess

ary

on

the

bas

iso

fst

udy

find

ing

se.

Pr

iorit

ize

pot

entia

lpub

lich

ealth

in

terv

entio

ns

f.Li

nka

nyr

ecom

men

ded

b

ehav

iora

lint

erve

ntio

nsw

ith

risk

com

mun

icat

ion

and

ris

kre

duc

tion

met

hod

s

I.A

ssis

tin

eva

luat

ion

of

pro

gra

ms

I.E

valu

ate

pro

gra

ms

I.E

nsur

eev

alua

tio

no

fp

rog

ram

sI.

Eva

luat

ep

rog

ram

s

1.

N/A

1.

A

ssis

tin

dev

elop

men

tof

m

easu

rab

lea

ndp

rog

ram

-rel

evan

tg

oals

and

ob

ject

ives

1.

Ap

pro

vem

easu

rab

lea

ndp

rog

ram

-re

leva

ntg

oals

and

ob

ject

ives

1.

D

evel

opm

easu

rab

lea

ndp

rog

ram

-re

leva

ntg

oals

and

ob

ject

ives

in

colla

bor

atio

nw

ithp

rog

ram

sta

ff

2.

N/A

2.

A

ssis

tin

dev

elop

men

tof

pro

gra

m

log

icm

odel

san

dt

heor

ies

ofa

ctio

n2.

D

ecid

eon

pro

gra

mlo

gic

mod

els

and

the

orie

sof

act

ion

2.

Dev

elop

pro

gra

mlo

gic

mod

els

and

th

eorie

sof

act

ion

inc

olla

bor

atio

nw

ithp

rog

ram

sta

ff

3.

Col

lect

sur

veill

ance

and

oth

er

dat

afo

rus

ein

tra

ckin

gp

rog

ram

ob

ject

ives

and

out

com

es

3.

Iden

tify

surv

eilla

nce

and

oth

er

dat

afo

rus

ein

tra

ckin

gp

rog

ram

ob

ject

ives

and

out

com

es

3.

Ap

pro

ves

urve

illan

cea

ndo

ther

d

ata

for

use

int

rack

ing

pro

gra

m

obje

ctiv

esa

ndo

utco

mes

3.

Synt

hesi

zes

urve

illan

cea

ndo

ther

d

ata

toa

llow

tra

ckin

go

fp

rog

ram

ob

ject

ives

and

out

com

es

4.

Ass

ist

int

rack

ing

pro

gre

sst

owar

d

pro

gra

mo

bje

ctiv

esa

ndo

utco

mes

4.

Re

cord

pro

gre

sst

owar

dp

rog

ram

ob

ject

ives

and

out

com

es

4.

Mon

itor

pro

gre

sst

owar

dp

rog

ram

ob

ject

ives

and

out

com

es

4.

Crit

ique

pro

gre

sst

owar

dp

rog

ram

ob

ject

ives

and

out

com

es

5.

Com

mun

icat

ein

form

atio

nab

out

pro

gre

sst

owar

dp

rog

ram

ob

ject

ives

and

out

com

est

op

rog

ram

man

ager

s

5.

Com

mun

icat

ein

form

atio

nab

out

pro

gre

sst

owar

dp

rog

ram

ob

ject

ives

and

out

com

est

op

rog

ram

man

ager

san

ds

taff

for

use

inp

rog

ram

pla

nnin

ga

nd

mod

ifica

tion

5.

Inco

rpor

ate

info

rmat

ion

abou

tp

rog

ress

tow

ard

pro

gra

m

obje

ctiv

esa

ndo

utco

mes

in

dec

isio

nso

np

rog

ram

pla

nnin

ga

nd

mod

ifica

tion

5.

Eval

uate

pro

gre

sst

owar

dp

rog

ram

ob

ject

ives

and

out

com

esf

or

pro

gra

mm

anag

ers

and

sta

ffto

ai

din

pro

gra

mp

lann

ing

and

m

odifi

catio

n

I. Sk

ill D

om

ain—

Ass

essm

ent

and

Ana

lysi

s (c

ont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

A.

Kno

wh

ow

cau

ses

of

dis

ease

aff

ect

epid

emio

log

icp

ract

ice

A.

Use

cur

rent

kno

wle

dg

eo

fca

uses

o

fd

isea

set

og

uid

eep

idem

iolo

gic

p

ract

ice

A.

Use

cur

rent

kno

wle

dg

eo

fca

uses

o

fd

isea

set

og

uid

eep

idem

iolo

gic

p

ract

ice

A.

Use

cur

rent

kno

wle

dg

eo

fca

uses

o

fd

isea

set

og

uid

eep

idem

iolo

gic

p

ract

ice

1.

Rela

teb

asic

etio

log

icp

roce

sses

for

hu

man

dis

ease

sto

sub

ject

mat

ter

area

sof

inte

rest

(e.g

.,in

fect

ious

d

isea

ses,

chr

onic

dis

ease

s)

1.

Rela

teb

asic

etio

log

icp

roce

sses

for

hu

man

dis

ease

sto

sub

ject

mat

ter

area

sof

inte

rest

(e.g

.,in

fect

ious

d

isea

ses,

chr

onic

dis

ease

s)

1.

Ensu

ret

hat

bas

ice

tiolo

gic

p

roce

sses

for

hum

and

isea

ses

are

rela

ted

to

sub

ject

mat

ter

area

sof

in

tere

st(e

.g.,

infe

ctio

usd

isea

ses,

ch

roni

cd

isea

ses)

1.

Ensu

ret

hat

bas

ice

tiolo

gic

p

roce

sses

for

hum

and

isea

ses

are

rela

ted

to

sub

ject

mat

ter

area

sof

in

tere

st(e

.g.,

infe

ctio

usd

isea

ses,

ch

roni

cd

isea

ses)

2.

Ap

ply

und

erst

and

ing

of

hum

an

and

env

ironm

enta

lbio

log

yan

d

beh

avio

rals

cien

ces

and

prin

cip

les

tod

eter

min

ep

oten

tialb

iolo

gic

al

mec

hani

sms

ofd

isea

se

2.

Ap

ply

und

erst

and

ing

of

hum

an

and

env

ironm

enta

lbio

log

yan

d

beh

avio

rals

cien

ces

and

prin

cip

les

tod

eter

min

ep

oten

tialb

iolo

gic

al

mec

hani

sms

ofd

isea

se

2.

Ensu

ret

hea

pp

licat

ion

of

und

erst

and

ing

of

hum

ana

nd

envi

ronm

enta

lbio

log

yan

d

beh

avio

rals

cien

ces

and

prin

cip

les

tod

eter

min

ep

oten

tialb

iolo

gic

al

mec

hani

sms

ofd

isea

se

2.

Ensu

ret

hea

pp

licat

ion

of

und

erst

and

ing

of

hum

ana

nd

envi

ronm

enta

lbio

log

yan

d

beh

avio

rals

cien

ces

and

prin

cip

les

tod

eter

min

ep

oten

tialb

iolo

gic

al

mec

hani

sms

ofd

isea

se

3.

N/A

3.

Ex

pla

inh

owg

enet

ics

and

g

enom

ics

affe

ctd

isea

sep

roce

sses

an

dp

ublic

hea

lthp

olic

yan

d

pra

ctic

e

3.

Ensu

ret

hat

the

role

of

gen

etic

san

dg

enom

ics

ond

isea

se

pro

cess

esa

rec

onsi

der

edw

hen

dev

elop

ing

pub

lich

ealth

pol

icy

and

pra

ctic

e

3.

Synt

hesi

zek

now

led

ge

abou

tth

eef

fect

of

gen

etic

san

dg

enom

ics

ond

isea

sep

roce

sses

and

pub

lic

heal

thp

olic

yan

dp

ract

ice

4.

Ap

ply

prin

cip

les

oft

heh

ost/

agen

t/en

viro

nmen

tm

odel

to

dis

ease

ca

usat

ion,

pre

vent

ion,

and

con

trol

4.

Ap

ply

prin

cip

les

oft

heh

ost/

agen

t/en

viro

nmen

tm

odel

to

dis

ease

ca

usat

ion,

pre

vent

ion,

and

con

trol

4.

Ensu

ret

hea

pp

licat

ion

ofp

rinci

ple

sof

the

hos

t/ag

ent/

envi

ronm

ent

mod

elt

od

isea

sec

ausa

tion,

p

reve

ntio

n,a

ndc

ontr

ol

4.

Ensu

ret

hea

pp

licat

ion

ofp

rinci

ple

sof

the

hos

t/ag

ent/

envi

ronm

ent

mod

elt

od

isea

sec

ausa

tion,

p

reve

ntio

n,a

ndc

ontr

ol

5.

Des

crib

eth

ero

lea

ndin

fluen

ceo

fso

ciob

ehav

iora

lfac

tors

(inc

lud

ing

co

mm

unity

,p

oliti

cal,

soci

al,

fam

ily,

and

ind

ivid

ualb

ehav

iora

lfac

tors

)in

heal

thr

isks

and

hea

lths

tatu

s

5.

Des

crib

eth

ero

lea

ndin

fluen

ceo

fso

ciob

ehav

iora

lfac

tors

(inc

lud

ing

co

mm

unity

,p

oliti

cal,

soci

al,

fam

ily,

and

ind

ivid

ualb

ehav

iora

lfac

tors

)in

heal

thr

isks

and

hea

lths

tatu

s

5.

Ensu

ret

hat

the

role

and

influ

ence

of

soc

iob

ehav

iora

lfac

tors

(in

clud

ing

com

mun

ity,

pol

itica

l,so

cial

,fa

mily

,an

din

div

idua

lb

ehav

iora

lfac

tors

)are

inco

rpor

ated

in

tou

nder

stan

din

gh

ealth

ris

ksa

nd

heal

ths

tatu

s

5.

Synt

hesi

zek

now

led

ge

abou

tth

ero

lea

ndin

fluen

ceo

fso

ciob

ehav

iora

lfac

tors

(inc

lud

ing

co

mm

unity

,p

oliti

cal,

soci

al,

fam

ily,

and

ind

ivid

ualb

ehav

iora

lfac

tors

)in

heal

thr

isks

and

hea

lths

tatu

s

6.

N/A

6.

In

corp

orat

eet

iolo

gic

prin

cip

les

into

d

evel

opm

ent

ofd

isea

sep

reve

ntio

nan

dc

ontr

ols

trat

egie

s

6.

Inco

rpor

ate

etio

log

icp

rinci

ple

sin

to

dev

elop

men

tof

dis

ease

pre

vent

ion

and

con

trol

str

ateg

ies

6.

Inco

rpor

ate

etio

log

icp

rinci

ple

sin

to

dev

elop

men

tof

dis

ease

pre

vent

ion

and

con

trol

str

ateg

ies

II. S

kill

Do

mai

n—B

asic

Pub

lic H

ealt

h Sc

ienc

es

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

B.

Iden

tify

the

ro

leo

fla

bo

rato

ry

reso

urce

sin

ep

idem

iolo

gic

act

ivit

ies

B.

Use

lab

ora

tory

res

our

ces

tos

upp

ort

ep

idem

iolo

gic

act

ivit

ies

B.

Ens

ure

the

use

of

lab

ora

tory

re

sour

ces

tos

upp

ort

ep

idem

iolo

gic

ac

tivi

ties

B.

Dev

elo

pp

roce

sses

fo

rus

ing

la

bo

rato

ryr

eso

urce

sto

sup

po

rt

epid

emio

log

ica

ctiv

itie

s

1.

Iden

tify

the

role

san

dc

apab

ilitie

sof

pub

lich

ealth

lab

orat

orie

san

do

ther

lab

orat

orie

san

dh

ow

they

are

use

din

ep

idem

iolo

gic

in

vest

igat

ions

1.

Iden

tify

the

role

san

dc

apab

ilitie

sof

pub

lich

ealth

lab

orat

orie

san

do

ther

lab

orat

orie

san

dh

ow

they

are

use

din

ep

idem

iolo

gic

in

vest

igat

ions

1.

Exam

ine

the

role

san

dc

apab

ilitie

sof

pub

lich

ealth

lab

orat

orie

san

do

ther

lab

orat

orie

san

dh

ow

they

are

use

din

ep

idem

iolo

gic

in

vest

igat

ions

1.

Synt

hesi

zet

her

oles

and

ca

pab

ilitie

sof

pub

lich

ealth

la

bor

ator

ies

ine

pid

emio

log

ic

inve

stig

atio

ns

2.

N/A

2.

C

oord

inat

ela

bor

ator

yan

d

epid

emio

log

ica

ctiv

ities

,in

clud

ing

te

sts

elec

tion,

com

mun

icat

ion,

and

re

por

ting

res

ults

int

hefi

eld

2.

Ensu

ret

hec

oord

inat

ion

of

lab

orat

ory

and

ep

idem

iolo

gic

ac

tiviti

es,

incl

udin

gt

est

sele

ctio

n,

com

mun

icat

ion,

and

rep

ortin

g

resu

ltsin

the

fiel

d

2.

Det

erm

ine

lab

orat

ory

and

ep

idem

iolo

gic

act

iviti

esin

clud

ing

te

sts

elec

tion,

com

mun

icat

ion,

and

re

por

ting

res

ults

int

hefi

eld

3.

N/A

3.

In

terp

ret

lab

orat

ory

dat

a,

acco

untin

gf

orf

acto

rst

hat

influ

ence

the

res

ults

of

scre

enin

g

and

dia

gno

stic

tes

ts

3.

Eval

uate

the

inte

rpre

tatio

nof

la

bor

ator

yd

ata

acco

untin

gf

or

fact

ors

that

influ

ence

the

res

ults

of

scre

enin

ga

ndd

iag

nost

ict

ests

3.

Dev

elop

met

hod

sfo

rth

ein

terp

reta

tion

ofla

bor

ator

yd

ata,

acc

ount

ing

for

fac

tors

tha

tin

fluen

cet

her

esul

tso

fsc

reen

ing

an

dd

iag

nost

ict

ests

4.

Use

iden

tified

sp

ecim

enc

olle

ctio

n,

stor

age,

and

tra

nsp

orta

tion

mea

sure

s

4.

Imp

lem

ent

nece

ssar

ysp

ecim

en

colle

ctio

n,s

tora

ge,

and

tr

ansp

orta

tion

mea

sure

s

4.

Ove

rsee

nec

essa

rys

pec

imen

co

llect

ion,

sto

rag

e,a

nd

tran

spor

tatio

nm

easu

res

4.

Dev

elop

met

hod

sfo

rsp

ecim

en

colle

ctio

n,s

tora

ge,

and

tr

ansp

orta

tion

mea

sure

s

II. S

kill

Do

mai

n—B

asic

Pub

lic H

ealt

h Sc

ienc

es (

cont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

C.

Use

id

enti

fied

inf

orm

atic

sto

ols

in

sup

po

rto

fep

idem

iolo

gic

pra

ctic

eC

.A

pp

lyp

rinc

iple

so

fin

form

atic

s,

incl

udin

gd

ata

colle

ctio

n,p

roce

ssin

g,

and

ana

lysi

s,i

nsu

pp

ort

of

epid

emio

log

icp

ract

ice

C.

Ens

ure

app

licat

ion

of

pri

ncip

les

of

info

rmat

ics,

inc

lud

ing

dat

aco

llect

ion,

pro

cess

ing

,an

da

naly

sis,

in

sup

po

rto

fep

idem

iolo

gic

pra

ctic

e

C.

Ap

ply

pri

ncip

les

of

info

rmat

ics,

in

clud

ing

dat

aco

llect

ion,

pro

cess

ing

,an

da

naly

sis,

in

sup

po

rto

fep

idem

iolo

gic

pra

ctic

e

1.

Use

info

rmat

ion

tech

nolo

gie

san

d

com

mun

icat

ion

tool

sne

cess

ary

tos

upp

ort

epid

emio

log

ic

inve

stig

atio

nsa

nds

urve

illan

ce

1.

Use

info

rmat

ion

tech

nolo

gie

san

d

com

mun

icat

ion

tool

sne

cess

ary

tos

upp

ort

epid

emio

log

ic

inve

stig

atio

nsa

nds

urve

illan

ce

1.

Prov

ide

acce

sst

oin

form

atio

nte

chno

log

ies

and

com

mun

icat

ion

tool

sne

cess

ary

tos

upp

ort

epid

emio

log

icin

vest

igat

ions

and

su

rvei

llanc

e

1.

Use

info

rmat

ion

tech

nolo

gie

san

d

com

mun

icat

ion

tool

sne

cess

ary

tos

upp

ort

epid

emio

log

ic

inve

stig

atio

nsa

nds

urve

illan

ce

2.

Use

sof

twar

eto

ols

that

sup

por

tp

ublic

hea

lthd

ata

acq

uisi

tion,

en

try,

ab

stra

ctio

n,a

naly

sis,

and

re

por

ting

2.

Use

sof

twar

eto

ols

that

sup

por

ton

line

sear

chin

g,

pub

lich

ealth

d

ata

acq

uisi

tion,

ent

ry,

abst

ract

ion,

m

anag

emen

t,a

naly

sis,

pla

nnin

g,

map

pin

g,

and

rep

ortin

g

2.

Prov

ide

acce

sst

oso

ftw

are

tool

sth

ats

upp

ort

onlin

ese

arch

ing

,p

ublic

hea

lthd

ata

acq

uisi

tion,

en

try,

ab

stra

ctio

n,m

anag

emen

t,

anal

ysis

,p

lann

ing

,m

app

ing

,an

d

rep

ortin

g

2.

Use

sof

twar

eto

ols

that

sup

por

ton

line

sear

chin

g,

pub

lich

ealth

d

ata

acq

uisi

tion,

ent

ry,

abst

ract

ion,

m

anag

emen

t,a

naly

sis,

pla

nnin

g,

map

pin

g,

and

rep

ortin

g

3.

Ap

ply

pro

ced

ures

(pol

icie

s)a

nd

tech

nica

lmea

ns(s

ecur

ity)t

oen

sure

the

inte

grit

yan

dp

rote

ctio

nof

con

fiden

tiali

nfor

mat

ion

in

elec

tron

icfi

les

and

com

put

er

syst

ems

3.

Ap

ply

pro

ced

ures

(pol

icie

s)a

nd

tech

nica

lmea

ns(s

ecur

ity)t

oen

sure

the

inte

grit

yan

dp

rote

ctio

nof

con

fiden

tiali

nfor

mat

ion

in

elec

tron

icfi

les

and

com

put

er

syst

ems

3.

Ass

ure

that

pro

ced

ures

(pol

icie

s)

and

tec

hnic

alm

eans

(sec

urity

)ar

eus

edt

oen

sure

the

inte

grit

yan

dp

rote

ctio

nof

con

fiden

tial

info

rmat

ion

ine

lect

roni

cfil

esa

nd

com

put

ers

yste

ms

3.

Ap

ply

pro

ced

ures

(pol

icie

s)a

nd

tech

nica

lmea

ns(s

ecur

ity)t

oen

sure

the

inte

grit

yan

dp

rote

ctio

nof

con

fiden

tiali

nfor

mat

ion

in

elec

tron

icfi

les

and

com

put

er

syst

ems

II. S

kill

Do

mai

n—B

asic

Pub

lic H

ealt

h Sc

ienc

es (

cont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

4.

Com

bin

ed

ata

and

info

rmat

ion

from

mul

tiple

sou

rces

to

crea

te

new

info

rmat

ion

tos

upp

ort

pub

lic

heal

thd

ecis

ion-

mak

ing

4.

Com

bin

ed

ata

and

info

rmat

ion

from

mul

tiple

sou

rces

to

crea

te

new

info

rmat

ion

tos

upp

ort

pub

lic

heal

thd

ecis

ion-

mak

ing

4.

Use

dat

aan

din

form

atio

nfr

om

mul

tiple

sou

rces

to

crea

ten

ew

info

rmat

ion

tos

upp

ort

pub

lic

heal

thd

ecis

ion-

mak

ing

4.

Synt

hesi

zed

ata

and

info

rmat

ion

from

mul

tiple

sou

rces

to

crea

te

new

info

rmat

ion

tos

upp

ort

pub

lic

heal

thd

ecis

ion-

mak

ing

a.

Sug

ges

tlim

itatio

nso

fcu

rren

td

ata

colle

ctio

nth

atm

ight

d

eter

min

eth

ene

edf

orn

ew

dat

aco

llect

ion

b.

N/A

c.

N

/A

d.

N/A

a.

Det

erm

ine

whe

ther

new

dat

aco

llect

ion

isn

eed

edo

rex

istin

g

dat

aset

sor

sys

tem

sca

nb

em

ined

b

.Pa

rtic

ipat

ein

the

dev

elop

men

tof

new

or

enha

ncem

ent

of

exis

ting

dat

abas

est

osu

pp

ort

epid

emio

log

icin

vest

igat

ions

,su

rvei

llanc

e,e

tc.

c.

Use

inte

rop

erab

led

ata

stan

dar

ds

asn

eed

edf

ors

tora

ge

and

tra

nsm

issi

on,

and

be

able

to

find

the

rel

evan

tst

and

ard

ssp

ecifi

catio

nsa

sne

eded

d

.M

aint

ain

elec

tron

icd

ocum

ents

(g

uid

elin

es,

dat

aset

s),

incl

udin

g

doc

umen

ted

ver

sion

s,

dis

sem

inat

ion

met

hod

s,a

nd

rele

vant

sta

ndar

ds

spec

ifica

tions

a.

Dec

ide

whe

ther

to

crea

ten

ew

dat

aco

llect

ion

syst

ems

or

tom

ine

exis

ting

dat

aset

sor

sy

stem

sb

.O

vers

eet

hed

evel

opm

ent

ofn

ewo

ren

hanc

emen

tof

ex

istin

gd

atab

ases

to

sup

por

tep

idem

iolo

gic

inve

stig

atio

ns,

surv

eilla

nce,

etc

.c.

En

sure

the

util

izat

ion

of

inte

rop

erab

led

ata

stan

dar

ds

for

stor

age

and

tra

nsm

issi

on,

and

be

able

to

find

the

rel

evan

tst

and

ard

ssp

ecifi

catio

nsa

sne

eded

d

.M

aint

ain

elec

tron

icd

ocum

ents

(g

uid

elin

es,

dat

aset

s),

incl

udin

g

doc

umen

ted

ver

sion

s,

dis

sem

inat

ion

met

hod

s,a

nd

rele

vant

sta

ndar

ds

spec

ifica

tions

a.

Dec

ide

whe

ther

to

crea

ten

ew

dat

aco

llect

ion

syst

ems

or

tom

ine

exis

ting

dat

aset

sor

sy

stem

sb

.D

evel

opn

ewo

ren

hanc

eex

istin

gd

atab

ases

to

sup

por

tep

idem

iolo

gic

inve

stig

atio

ns,

surv

eilla

nce,

etc

.c.

En

sure

the

util

izat

ion

of

inte

rop

erab

led

ata

stan

dar

ds

for

stor

age

and

tra

nsm

issi

on,

and

be

able

to

find

the

rel

evan

tst

and

ard

ssp

ecifi

catio

nsa

sne

eded

d

.C

reat

ep

roce

sses

to

mai

ntai

nel

ectr

onic

doc

umen

ts

(gui

del

ines

,d

atas

ets)

,in

clud

ing

d

ocum

ente

dv

ersi

ons,

d

isse

min

atio

nm

etho

ds,

and

re

leva

nts

tand

ard

ssp

ecifi

catio

ns

5.

N/A

5.

Part

icip

ate

ind

evel

opm

ent

ofd

ata

mod

els

toe

nsur

ere

pre

sent

atio

nof

ep

idem

iolo

gic

nee

ds

ina

ssoc

iate

d

dat

abas

esa

ndin

form

atio

nsy

stem

s

5.

Part

icip

ate

ind

evel

opm

ent

ofd

ata

mod

els

toe

nsur

ere

pre

sent

atio

nof

ep

idem

iolo

gic

nee

ds

ina

ssoc

iate

d

dat

abas

esa

ndin

form

atio

nsy

stem

s

5.

Part

icip

ate

ind

evel

opm

ent

ofd

ata

mod

els

toe

nsur

ere

pre

sent

atio

nof

ep

idem

iolo

gic

nee

ds

ina

ssoc

iate

d

dat

abas

esa

ndin

form

atio

nsy

stem

s

D.

N/A

D

.N

/A

D.

Dev

elo

pa

ndm

anag

ein

form

atio

nsy

stem

sto

im

pro

vee

ffec

tive

ness

of

surv

eilla

nce,

inv

esti

gat

ion,

and

oth

er

epid

emio

log

icp

ract

ices

D.

Dev

elo

pa

ndm

anag

ein

form

atio

nsy

stem

sto

im

pro

vee

ffec

tive

ness

of

surv

eilla

nce,

inv

esti

gat

ion,

and

oth

er

epid

emio

log

icp

ract

ices

1.

N/A

1.

N

/A

1.

Eng

age

and

con

sult

with

in

form

atio

nte

chno

log

yp

rofe

ssio

nals

with

nec

essa

ry

exp

ertis

efo

rd

evel

opin

g

info

rmat

ion

syst

ems

tos

upp

ort

epid

emio

log

yp

rog

ram

s

1.

N/A

II. S

kill

Do

mai

n—B

asic

Pub

lic H

ealt

h Sc

ienc

es (

cont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

2.

N/A

2.

N

/A

2.

Art

icul

ate

the

need

sof

the

ep

idem

iolo

gy

pro

gra

mt

oth

ein

form

atio

nte

chno

log

ysp

ecia

lists

2.

N/A

3.

N/A

3.

N

/A

3.

Ensu

ret

hat

allm

emb

ers

ofs

yste

ms

dev

elop

men

tte

ams,

incl

udin

g

epid

emio

log

ists

and

info

rmat

ion

tech

nolo

gy

spec

ialis

ts,

fillr

oles

co

nsis

tent

with

the

irex

per

tise

3.

Com

pos

ean

dm

anag

esy

stem

sd

evel

opm

ent

team

sin

am

anne

rth

atd

emon

stra

tes

reco

gni

tion

oft

hea

pp

rop

riate

rol

esa

nd

dom

ains

for

com

put

ers

cien

tists

,ep

idem

iolo

gis

ts,

pol

icy

mak

ers,

and

pro

gra

mm

ers

and

ot

her

info

rmat

ion

tech

nolo

gy

spec

ialis

tsin

info

rmat

ion

syst

ems

dev

elop

men

t

4.

N/A

4.

N

/A

4.

Lead

the

dev

elop

men

tof

in

teg

rate

d,

cost

-effe

ctiv

ep

ublic

he

alth

info

rmat

ion

syst

ems

that

are

co

nsis

tent

with

ala

rger

(ent

erp

rise-

leve

l)in

form

atio

nar

chite

ctur

e

4.

Lead

and

ad

voca

tef

or,

or

othe

rwis

eac

tivel

yp

artic

ipat

ein

,th

ed

evel

opm

ent

ofin

teg

rate

d,

cost

-effe

ctiv

ep

ublic

hea

lth

info

rmat

ion

syst

ems

with

in

the

pub

lich

ealth

ent

erp

rise,

en

surin

gt

hat

new

ap

plic

atio

ns

and

info

rmat

ion

syst

ems

are

bui

ltin

con

form

ance

with

ala

rger

(e

nter

pris

e-le

vel)

info

rmat

ion

arch

itect

ure

5.

N/A

5.

N

/A

5.

Part

icip

ate

ind

evel

opm

ent

ofc

onfid

entia

lity

and

priv

acy

pol

icie

sfo

rth

een

terp

rise

and

se

curit

ysy

stem

sto

sup

por

tth

eim

ple

men

tatio

nof

tho

sep

olic

ies

5.

Part

icip

ate

ind

evel

opm

ent

of

confi

den

tialit

yan

dp

rivac

yp

olic

ies

for

the

ente

rpris

e,a

nde

nsur

eth

ed

evel

opm

ent

ofs

ecur

itys

yste

ms

tos

upp

ort

the

imp

lem

enta

tion

of

thos

ep

olic

ies

6.

N/A

6.

N

/A

6.

Ensu

ret

hat

info

rmat

ion

syst

ems

dev

elop

edf

ore

pid

emio

log

yp

rog

ram

sfu

llys

upp

ort

the

obje

ctiv

es,

func

tions

,an

db

usin

ess

pro

cess

eso

fth

ep

ublic

hea

lth

syst

em

6.

Ensu

ret

hat

the

info

rmat

ion

syst

ems

dev

elop

edf

ore

pid

emio

log

yp

rog

ram

sfu

llys

upp

ort

the

obje

ctiv

es,

func

tions

,an

db

usin

ess

pro

cess

eso

fth

ep

ublic

hea

lth

syst

em

II. S

kill

Do

mai

n—B

asic

Pub

lic H

ealt

h Sc

ienc

es (

cont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

A.

Pre

par

ew

ritt

ena

ndo

ral

rep

ort

san

dp

rese

ntat

ions

tha

tco

mm

unic

ate

nece

ssar

yin

form

atio

nto

ag

ency

st

aff

A.

Pre

par

ew

ritt

ena

ndo

ral

rep

ort

san

dp

rese

ntat

ions

tha

tco

mm

unic

ate

nece

ssar

yin

form

atio

nto

pro

fess

iona

lau

die

nces

,p

olic

ym

aker

s,a

ndt

heg

ener

alp

ublic

A.

Ens

ure

pre

par

atio

no

fw

ritt

ena

nd

ora

lre

po

rts

and

pre

sent

atio

nst

hat

com

mun

icat

ene

cess

ary

info

rmat

ion

top

rofe

ssio

nal

aud

ienc

es,

po

licy

mak

ers,

and

the

gen

eral

pub

lic

A.

Org

aniz

ep

rep

arat

ion

of

wri

tten

and

o

ral

rep

ort

san

dp

rese

ntat

ions

tha

tco

mm

unic

ate

nece

ssar

yin

form

atio

nto

pro

fess

iona

lau

die

nces

,p

olic

ym

aker

s,a

ndt

heg

ener

alp

ublic

1.

Iden

tify

met

hod

san

dc

onte

ntf

or

com

mun

icat

ion

ofe

pid

emio

log

ic

find

ing

s

1.

Iden

tify

aud

ienc

e,m

etho

ds,

and

co

nten

tfo

rco

mm

unic

atio

nof

ep

idem

iolo

gic

find

ing

s

1.

Ap

pro

ves

elec

tion

ofa

udie

nce,

m

etho

ds,

and

con

tent

for

co

mm

unic

atio

nof

ep

idem

iolo

gic

fin

din

gs

1.

Verif

yse

lect

ion

ofa

udie

nce,

m

etho

ds,

and

con

tent

for

co

mm

unic

atio

nof

ep

idem

iolo

gic

fin

din

gs

a.

N/A

b

.Id

entif

yre

leva

ntd

ata

tor

epor

tc.

A

sses

sne

eds

and

inte

rest

sof

ta

rget

aud

ienc

efo

rm

ater

ials

th

ata

reu

sed

inc

omm

unic

atio

nd

.U

sec

omm

unic

atio

nm

etho

ds

that

mee

tth

ene

eds

oft

he

targ

eta

udie

nce,

as

dire

cted

a.

Iden

tify

targ

eta

udie

nce

for

com

mun

icat

ion

b.

Iden

tify

rele

vant

dat

ato

rep

ort

c.

Ass

ess

need

san

din

tere

sts

of

targ

eta

udie

nce

for

mat

eria

ls

that

are

use

din

com

mun

icat

ion

d.

Iden

tify

com

mun

icat

ion

met

hod

sth

atm

eet

the

need

sof

the

tar

get

aud

ienc

e

a.

N/A

b

.N

/A

c.

N/A

d

.N

/A

a.

Dec

ide

ont

arg

eta

udie

nce

for

com

mun

icat

ion

b.

Det

erm

ine

rele

vanc

eof

dat

ato

re

por

tc.

Re

view

ass

essm

ent

ofn

eed

san

din

tere

sts

oft

arg

eta

udie

nce

for

mat

eria

lst

hat

are

used

in

com

mun

icat

ion

d.

Verif

ym

etho

ds

of

com

mun

icat

ion

sele

cted

for

ta

rget

aud

ienc

e

2.

Com

mun

icat

eep

idem

iolo

gic

wor

kto

ag

ency

sta

ffth

roug

hw

ritte

nre

por

tsa

ndo

ralp

rese

ntat

ions

2.

Com

mun

icat

eep

idem

iolo

gic

wor

kto

pro

fess

iona

laud

ienc

esa

nd

agen

cys

taff

thro

ugh

writ

ten

rep

orts

an

do

ralp

rese

ntat

ions

2.

Revi

eww

ritte

nre

por

tsa

nd

oral

pre

sent

atio

nst

oen

sure

th

atc

onte

ntc

omm

unic

ates

ep

idem

iolo

gic

wor

kto

pro

fess

iona

lau

die

nces

and

ag

ency

sta

ff

2.

Cre

ate

writ

ten

rep

orts

and

ora

lp

rese

ntat

ions

tha

tco

mm

unic

ate

epid

emio

log

icw

ork

top

rofe

ssio

nal

aud

ienc

esa

nda

gen

cys

taff

a.

N/A

b

.N

/A

c.

Prep

are

sum

mar

yre

por

tsa

nd

mem

oran

da

for

use

with

int

he

agen

cy

d.

N/A

e.

U

sec

urre

nta

udio

visu

alt

ools

to

max

imiz

eco

mm

unic

atio

nf.

Cre

ate

char

ts,

tab

les,

and

fig

ures

tha

tco

mm

unic

ate

tot

he

targ

eta

udie

nce

a.

Prep

are

abst

ract

sei

ther

for

p

ublic

atio

nor

for

pre

sent

atio

nat

sci

entifi

cm

eetin

gs

b.

Prep

are

man

uscr

ipts

for

sc

ient

ific

pub

licat

ion

c.

Prep

are

sum

mar

yre

por

tsa

nd

mem

oran

da

for

use

with

int

he

agen

cy

d.

N/A

e.

U

sec

urre

nta

udio

visu

alt

ools

to

max

imiz

eco

mm

unic

atio

nf.

Cre

ate

char

ts,

tab

les,

and

fig

ures

tha

tco

mm

unic

ate

tot

he

targ

eta

udie

nce

a.

N/A

b

.N

/A

c.

N/A

d

.N

/A

e.

N/A

f.

N/A

a.

Prep

are

abst

ract

sei

ther

for

p

ublic

atio

nor

for

pre

sent

atio

nat

sci

entifi

cm

eetin

gs

b.

Prep

are

man

uscr

ipts

for

sc

ient

ific

pub

licat

ion

c.

Prep

are

sum

mar

yre

por

tsa

nd

mem

oran

da

for

use

with

int

he

agen

cy

d.

Crit

ique

rep

orts

,m

anus

crip

ts,

and

oth

erd

ocum

ents

tha

tha

ve

bee

np

rep

ared

by

othe

rs

e.

Use

cur

rent

aud

iovi

sual

too

lst

om

axim

ize

com

mun

icat

ion

f.C

reat

ech

arts

,ta

ble

s,a

nd

figur

est

hat

com

mun

icat

eto

the

ta

rget

aud

ienc

e

III.

Skill

Do

mai

n—C

om

mun

icat

ion

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

III.

Skill

Do

mai

n—C

om

mun

icat

ion

(co

ntin

ued

)

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

3.

N/A

3.

C

omm

unic

ate

epid

emio

log

ic

info

rmat

ion

tot

heg

ener

alp

ublic

,th

ene

ws

med

ia,

and

/or

top

olic

ym

aker

sth

roug

hg

ivin

go

ral

pre

sent

atio

nso

rco

ntrib

utin

gt

od

evel

opm

ent

ofw

ritte

nd

ocum

ents

3.

Cre

ate

pro

cess

est

og

uid

ep

rep

arat

ion

ofd

ocum

ents

or

oral

p

rese

ntat

ions

tha

tco

mm

unic

ate

epid

emio

log

icin

form

atio

nto

the

g

ener

alp

ublic

,ne

ws

med

ia,

and

/or

pol

icy

mak

ers

3.

Cre

ate

doc

umen

ts(e

.g.,

brie

fs,

pre

ssr

elea

ses,

Web

pag

es)t

hat

com

mun

icat

eep

idem

iolo

gic

in

form

atio

nto

the

gen

eral

pub

lic,

pre

ss,

and

/or

top

olic

ym

aker

s

a.

N/A

b

.N

/A

c.

N/A

a.

Con

trib

ute

top

ress

rel

ease

sfo

rth

eg

ener

alp

ublic

b

.Pa

rtic

ipat

ein

the

dev

elop

men

tof

dis

ease

pre

vent

ion/

heal

th

pro

mot

ion

mat

eria

lsf

orla

yau

die

nces

c.

C

omm

unic

ate

scie

ntifi

cfin

din

gs

ina

lang

uag

eta

ilore

dt

oth

ene

eds

ofd

ecis

ion-

mak

ers,

ne

ws

med

ia,

and

oth

ert

arg

et

aud

ienc

es

a.

Ap

pro

vep

ress

rel

ease

son

an

as-n

eed

edb

asis

b

.N

/A

c.

Cre

ate

doc

umen

tst

hat

com

mun

icat

esc

ient

ific

find

ing

sin

ala

ngua

ge

tailo

red

to

the

need

sof

dec

isio

n-m

aker

s,

new

sm

edia

,an

do

ther

tar

get

au

die

nces

a.

Con

trib

ute

too

rd

evel

opp

ress

re

leas

esf

ort

heg

ener

alp

ublic

b

.D

evel

opd

isea

sep

reve

ntio

n/he

alth

pro

mot

ion

mat

eria

lsf

or

lay

aud

ienc

es

c.

Cre

ate

doc

umen

tst

hat

com

mun

icat

esc

ient

ific

find

ing

sin

ala

ngua

ge

tailo

red

to

the

need

sof

dec

isio

n-m

aker

s,

new

sm

edia

,an

do

ther

tar

get

au

die

nces

4.

N/A

4.

Ta

ilor

surv

eilla

nce

info

rmat

ion

cont

ent

and

per

iod

icity

of

dis

sem

inat

ion

for

spec

ific

aud

ienc

esa

ndt

heir

uses

4.

Ap

pro

ves

urve

illan

cein

form

atio

nco

nten

tan

dp

erio

dic

ityo

fd

isse

min

atio

nfo

rsp

ecifi

cau

die

nces

and

the

irus

es

4.

Det

erm

ine

cont

ent

for

surv

eilla

nce

info

rmat

ion

and

per

iod

icity

of

dis

sem

inat

ion

for

spec

ific

aud

ienc

esa

ndt

heir

uses

5.

Resp

ond

to

pub

licq

uerie

sab

out

epid

emio

log

icd

ata

5.

Resp

ond

to

pub

licq

uerie

sab

out

epid

emio

log

icd

ata

orr

elat

ed

issu

es

5.

Ove

rsee

res

pon

ses

top

ublic

q

uerie

sab

out

epid

emio

log

icd

ata

orr

elat

edis

sues

5.

Cre

ate

key

mes

sag

esf

or

resp

ond

ing

to

pub

licq

uerie

sab

out

epid

emio

log

icd

ata

orr

elat

ed

issu

es

6.

N/A

6.

D

emon

stra

tea

bili

tyt

oex

pla

in

ort

each

bas

ice

pid

emio

log

ic

prin

cip

les

ton

on-e

pid

emio

log

ists

an

dlo

wer

-leve

lep

idem

iolo

gis

ts

6.

Dem

onst

rate

ab

ility

to

exp

lain

or

tea

chb

asic

ep

idem

iolo

gic

p

rinci

ple

sto

non

-ep

idem

iolo

gis

ts

and

low

er-le

vele

pid

emio

log

ists

6.

Dem

onst

rate

ab

ility

to

exp

lain

or

tea

chb

asic

and

ad

vanc

ed

epid

emio

log

icp

rinci

ple

sto

non

-ep

idem

iolo

gis

tsa

ndlo

wer

-leve

lep

idem

iolo

gis

ts

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

III.

Skill

Do

mai

n—C

om

mun

icat

ion

(co

ntin

ued

)

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

B.

Rec

og

nize

the

bas

icp

rinc

iple

so

fri

sk

com

mun

icat

ion

B.

Dem

ons

trat

eth

eb

asic

pri

ncip

les

of

risk

co

mm

unic

atio

nB

.E

nsur

eth

att

heb

asic

pri

ncip

les

of

risk

co

mm

unic

atio

nar

efo

llow

edi

nal

lco

mm

unic

atio

no

fep

idem

iolo

gic

fi

ndin

gs

B.

Cre

ate

mes

sag

est

hat

follo

wt

he

pri

ncip

les

of

risk

co

mm

unic

atio

n

1.

Prov

ide

epid

emio

log

icin

form

atio

nto

sup

por

tth

ed

evel

opm

ent

ofr

isk

com

mun

icat

ion

mes

sag

es

1.

Part

icip

ate

ind

evel

opin

gr

isk

com

mun

icat

ion

mes

sag

est

hat

conv

eye

pid

emio

log

icin

form

atio

nto

par

ticul

arp

ublic

hea

lthp

rob

lem

s

1.

Dev

elop

ris

kco

mm

unic

atio

nm

essa

ges

tha

tco

nvey

ep

idem

iolo

gic

info

rmat

ion

to

par

ticul

arp

ublic

hea

lthp

rob

lem

s

1.

Dev

elop

ris

kco

mm

unic

atio

nm

essa

ges

tha

tco

nvey

ep

idem

iolo

gic

info

rmat

ion

to

par

ticul

arp

ublic

hea

lthp

rob

lem

s

a.

N/A

b

.Pr

ovid

eco

nten

tto

the

pub

lic

info

rmat

ion

offic

era

ndo

ther

re

leva

nta

gen

cys

taff

c.

N/A

a.

Ass

ist

ind

evel

opin

gc

onte

ntf

or

risk

com

mun

icat

ion

mes

sag

es

b.

Prov

ide

cont

ent

tot

hep

ublic

in

form

atio

nof

ficer

and

oth

er

rele

vant

ag

ency

sta

ffc.

Re

view

ris

kco

mm

unic

atio

nm

essa

ges

for

sci

entifi

cac

cura

cy

and

cla

rity

a.

Cre

ate

cont

ent

for

risk

com

mun

icat

ion

mes

sag

es

b.

Revi

ewt

hec

onte

ntp

rovi

ded

to

the

pub

licin

form

atio

nof

ficer

an

do

ther

rel

evan

tag

ency

sta

ffc.

Re

view

ris

kco

mm

unic

atio

nm

essa

ges

for

sci

entifi

cac

cura

cy

and

cla

rity

a.

Cre

ate

cont

ent

for

risk

com

mun

icat

ion

mes

sag

es

b.

Revi

ewa

ndp

rovi

de

cont

ent

to

the

pub

licin

form

atio

nof

ficer

an

do

ther

rel

evan

tag

ency

sta

ffc.

Re

view

ris

kco

mm

unic

atio

nm

essa

ges

for

sci

entifi

cac

cura

cy

and

cla

rity

2.

Use

bas

icr

isk

com

mun

icat

ion

prin

cip

les

toc

omm

unic

ate

epid

emio

log

icm

essa

ges

to

agen

cy

staf

f

2.

Use

bas

icr

isk

com

mun

icat

ion

prin

cip

les

toc

omm

unic

ate

epid

emio

log

icm

essa

ges

2.

Ove

rsee

com

mun

icat

ion

of

epid

emio

log

icm

essa

ges

2.

M

odel

ris

kco

mm

unic

atio

np

rinci

ple

sw

hen

com

mun

icat

ing

ep

idem

iolo

gic

mes

sag

es

a.

Refe

rm

edia

inq

uirie

sto

the

co

rrec

tsp

okes

per

son

for

the

agen

cy

b.

N/A

c.

N

/A

d.

N/A

e.

A

dhe

ret

oth

eag

ency

ris

kco

mm

unic

atio

nst

rate

gy

a.

Refe

rm

edia

inq

uirie

sto

the

co

rrec

tsp

okes

per

son

for

the

agen

cy

b.

N/A

c.

Re

spon

dt

om

edia

inq

uirie

sas

re

que

sted

by

the

pub

lich

ealth

ag

ency

d

.N

/A

e.

Ad

here

to

the

agen

cyr

isk

com

mun

icat

ion

stra

teg

y

a.

Ensu

ret

hat

staf

fre

fer

med

ia

inq

uirie

sto

the

cor

rect

sp

okes

per

son

for

the

agen

cy

b.

Serv

eas

ag

ency

sp

okes

per

son

whe

nne

cess

ary

c.

Resp

ond

to

med

iain

qui

ries

d.

Ensu

ret

hat

staf

far

eus

ing

ris

kco

mm

unic

atio

nte

chni

que

ssu

itab

let

oth

eta

rget

aud

ienc

ee.

A

dhe

ret

oth

eag

ency

ris

kco

mm

unic

atio

nst

rate

gy

a.

Refe

rm

edia

inq

uirie

sto

the

co

rrec

tsp

okes

per

son

for

the

agen

cy

b.

Serv

eas

ag

ency

sp

okes

per

son

whe

nne

cess

ary

c.

Resp

ond

to

med

iain

qui

ries

d.

N/A

e.

A

dhe

ret

oth

eag

ency

ris

kco

mm

unic

atio

nst

rate

gy

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

C.

Inco

rpo

rate

int

erp

erso

nal

skill

sin

co

mm

unic

atio

nw

ith

agen

cy

per

sonn

el,

colle

ague

s,a

ndt

he

pub

lic

C.

Inco

rpo

rate

int

erp

erso

nal

skill

sin

co

mm

unic

atio

nw

ith

agen

cy

per

sonn

el,

colle

ague

s,a

ndt

he

pub

lic

C.

Mo

del

int

erp

erso

nal

skill

sin

co

mm

unic

atio

nw

ith

agen

cy

per

sonn

el,

colle

ague

s,a

ndt

he

pub

lic

C.

Mo

del

int

erp

erso

nal

skill

sin

co

mm

unic

atio

nw

ith

agen

cy

per

sonn

el,

colle

ague

s,a

ndt

he

pub

lic

1.

Dem

onst

rate

ab

ility

to

liste

nef

fect

ivel

yw

hen

epid

emio

log

ic

find

ing

sar

ep

rese

nted

or

dis

cuss

ed

1.

Dem

onst

rate

ab

ility

to

liste

nef

fect

ivel

yw

hen

epid

emio

log

ic

find

ing

sar

ep

rese

nted

or

dis

cuss

ed

1.

Dem

onst

rate

ab

ility

to

liste

nef

fect

ivel

yw

hen

epid

emio

log

ic

find

ing

sar

ep

rese

nted

or

dis

cuss

ed

1.

Dem

onst

rate

ab

ility

to

liste

nef

fect

ivel

yw

hen

epid

emio

log

ic

find

ing

sar

ep

rese

nted

or

dis

cuss

ed

2.

Dem

onst

rate

pro

fess

iona

lin

terp

erso

nal,

inte

rdis

cip

linar

y,

tran

sdis

cip

linar

y,a

nd

mul

tidis

cip

linar

yco

mm

unic

atio

n

2.

Dem

onst

rate

pro

fess

iona

lin

terp

erso

nal,

inte

rdis

cip

linar

y,

tran

sdis

cip

linar

y,a

nd

mul

tidis

cip

linar

yco

mm

unic

atio

n

2.

Mod

elp

rofe

ssio

nali

nter

per

sona

l,in

terd

isci

plin

ary,

tra

nsd

isci

plin

ary,

an

dm

ultid

isci

plin

ary

com

mun

icat

ion

2.

Mod

elp

rofe

ssio

nali

nter

per

sona

l,in

terd

isci

plin

ary,

tra

nsd

isci

plin

ary,

an

dm

ultid

isci

plin

ary

com

mun

icat

ion

a.

Part

icip

ate

ind

iscu

ssio

nsa

ndin

g

roup

set

ting

sb

.Sh

owr

esp

ect

for

othe

rsa

nd

pro

mot

ed

iver

seo

pin

ions

c.

D

emon

stra

tea

bili

tyt

oso

licit

inp

utf

rom

ind

ivid

uals

and

g

roup

sd

.D

emon

stra

tea

bili

tyt

oco

mm

unic

ate

epid

emio

log

ic

find

ing

s,m

etho

dol

ogy,

and

p

rinci

ple

sw

hen

par

tof

a

mul

tidis

cip

linar

yte

am

e.

Dem

onst

rate

ab

ility

to

inte

rvie

w

ind

ivid

uals

ass

ocia

ted

with

d

isea

sein

vest

igat

ions

f.

Use

com

mun

icat

ion

skill

sto

he

lpr

esol

vec

onfli

ct

g.

Sup

por

tco

mm

unic

atio

nof

fin

din

gs

toa

ffect

edin

div

idua

ls

orc

omm

uniti

esu

sing

m

echa

nism

sta

ilore

dt

oth

at

ind

ivid

ualo

rco

mm

unity

/sp

ecia

lp

opul

atio

n

a.

Lead

dis

cuss

ions

and

par

ticip

ate

ing

roup

set

ting

sb

.Sh

owr

esp

ect

for

othe

rsa

nd

pro

mot

ed

iver

seo

pin

ions

c.

D

emon

stra

tea

bili

tyt

oso

licit

inp

utf

rom

ind

ivid

uals

and

g

roup

sd

.D

emon

stra

tea

bili

tyt

oco

mm

unic

ate

epid

emio

log

ic

find

ing

s,m

etho

dol

ogy,

and

p

rinci

ple

sw

hen

par

tof

a

mul

tidis

cip

linar

yte

am

e.

Dem

onst

rate

ab

ility

to

inte

rvie

w

ind

ivid

uals

ass

ocia

ted

with

d

isea

sein

vest

igat

ions

f.

Use

com

mun

icat

ion

skill

sto

he

lpr

esol

vec

onfli

ct

g.

Com

mun

icat

efin

din

gs

toa

ffect

edin

div

idua

lso

rco

mm

uniti

esu

sing

mec

hani

sms

tailo

red

to

that

ind

ivid

ualo

rco

mm

unity

/sp

ecia

lpop

ulat

ion

a.

Prom

ote

gro

upd

iscu

ssio

nsa

nd

lead

suc

hd

iscu

ssio

nsw

hen

nece

ssar

yb

.Sh

owr

esp

ect

for

othe

rsa

nd

pro

mot

ed

iver

seo

pin

ions

c.

So

licit

inp

utf

rom

ind

ivid

uals

an

dg

roup

sd

.C

reat

em

essa

ges

to

com

mun

icat

eep

idem

iolo

gic

fin

din

gs,

met

hod

olog

y,a

nd

prin

cip

les

tom

ultid

isci

plin

ary

team

se.

N

/A

f.U

sec

omm

unic

atio

nsk

ills

to

help

res

olve

con

flict

g

.C

reat

em

essa

ges

tha

tco

mm

unic

ate

find

ing

sto

af

fect

edin

div

idua

lso

rco

mm

uniti

esu

sing

mec

hani

sms

tailo

red

to

that

ind

ivid

ualo

rco

mm

unity

/sp

ecia

lpop

ulat

ion

a.

Lead

dis

cuss

ions

and

par

ticip

ate

ing

roup

set

ting

sb

.Sh

owr

esp

ect

for

othe

rsa

nd

pro

mot

ed

iver

seo

pin

ions

c.

D

emon

stra

tea

bili

tyt

oso

licit

inp

utf

rom

ind

ivid

uals

and

g

roup

sd

.C

reat

em

essa

ges

to

com

mun

icat

eep

idem

iolo

gic

fin

din

gs,

met

hod

olog

y,a

nd

prin

cip

les

tom

ultid

isci

plin

ary

team

se.

N

/A

f.U

sec

omm

unic

atio

nsk

ills

to

help

res

olve

con

flict

g

.C

reat

em

essa

ges

tha

tco

mm

unic

ate

find

ing

sto

af

fect

edin

div

idua

lso

rco

mm

uniti

esu

sing

mec

hani

sms

tailo

red

to

that

ind

ivid

ualo

rco

mm

unity

/sp

ecia

lpop

ulat

ion

III.

Skill

Do

mai

n—C

om

mun

icat

ion

(co

ntin

ued

)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

D.

Use

eff

ecti

vec

om

mun

icat

ion

tech

nolo

gie

sD

.U

see

ffec

tive

co

mm

unic

atio

nte

chno

log

ies

D.

Ens

ure

utili

zati

on

of

effe

ctiv

eco

mm

unic

atio

nte

chno

log

ies

D.

Use

eff

ecti

vec

om

mun

icat

ion

tech

nolo

gie

s

1.

Part

icip

ate

int

hed

evel

opm

ent

of

the

des

ign

and

con

tent

of

Web

-b

ased

com

mun

icat

ion

1.

Part

icip

ate

int

hed

evel

opm

ent

of

the

des

ign

and

con

tent

of

Web

-b

ased

com

mun

icat

ion

1.

Ap

pro

vet

hed

esig

nan

dc

onte

nto

fW

eb-b

ased

com

mun

icat

ion

1.

Cre

ate

cont

ent

for

Web

-bas

ed

com

mun

icat

ion

2.

Use

pol

icie

sth

ata

dd

ress

sec

urity

,p

rivac

y,a

ndle

gal

con

sid

erat

ions

w

hen

com

mun

icat

ing

ep

idem

iolo

gic

info

rmat

ion

thro

ugh

e-m

ail,

heal

tha

lert

net

wor

ks,

or

othe

rp

oten

tially

pub

licd

ocum

ents

2.

Use

pol

icie

sth

ata

dd

ress

sec

urity

,p

rivac

y,a

ndle

gal

con

sid

erat

ions

w

hen

com

mun

icat

ing

ep

idem

iolo

gic

info

rmat

ion

thro

ugh

e-m

ail,

heal

tha

lert

net

wor

ks,

or

othe

rp

oten

tially

pub

licd

ocum

ents

2.

Enfo

rce

pol

icie

sth

ata

dd

ress

se

curit

y,p

rivac

y,a

nd

leg

alc

onsi

der

atio

nsw

hen

com

mun

icat

ing

ep

idem

iolo

gic

in

form

atio

nth

roug

he-

mai

l,he

alth

al

ert

netw

orks

,or

oth

erp

oten

tially

p

ublic

doc

umen

ts

2.

Dev

elop

as-

need

edp

olic

ies

that

ad

dre

sss

ecur

ity,

priv

acy,

an

dle

gal

con

sid

erat

ions

whe

nco

mm

unic

atin

ge

pid

emio

log

ic

info

rmat

ion

thro

ugh

e-m

ail,

heal

th

aler

tne

twor

ks,

oro

ther

pot

entia

lly

pub

licd

ocum

ents

3.

N/A

3.

U

see

ffect

ive

educ

atio

nala

nd

beh

avio

ralt

echn

ique

san

d

tech

nolo

gic

alt

ools

to

pro

mot

ep

ublic

hea

lth(e

.g.,

thro

ugh

com

mun

itye

duc

atio

n,b

ehav

ior

mod

ifica

tion,

col

lab

orat

ive

pol

icy

dev

elop

men

t,is

sue

advo

cacy

,an

d

com

mun

itym

obili

zatio

n)

3.

Use

effe

ctiv

eed

ucat

iona

land

b

ehav

iora

ltec

hniq

ues

and

te

chno

log

ical

too

lst

op

rom

ote

pub

lich

ealth

(e.g

.,th

roug

hco

mm

unity

ed

ucat

ion,

beh

avio

rm

odifi

catio

n,c

olla

bor

ativ

ep

olic

yd

evel

opm

ent,

issu

ead

voca

cy,

and

co

mm

unity

mob

iliza

tion)

3.

Use

effe

ctiv

eed

ucat

iona

land

b

ehav

iora

ltec

hniq

ues

and

te

chno

log

ical

too

lst

op

rom

ote

pub

lich

ealth

(e.g

.,th

roug

hco

mm

unity

ed

ucat

ion,

beh

avio

rm

odifi

catio

n,c

olla

bor

ativ

ep

olic

yd

evel

opm

ent,

issu

ead

voca

cy,

and

co

mm

unity

mob

iliza

tion)

III.

Skill

Do

mai

n—C

om

mun

icat

ion

(co

ntin

ued

)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

A.

Pro

vid

eep

idem

iolo

gic

inp

uti

nto

ep

idem

iolo

gic

stu

die

s,p

ublic

hea

lth

pro

gra

ms,

and

co

mm

unit

yp

ublic

he

alth

pla

nnin

gp

roce

sses

at

the

stat

e,l

oca

l,o

rtr

ibal

lev

el

A.

Pro

vid

eep

idem

iolo

gic

inp

uti

nto

ep

idem

iolo

gic

stu

die

s,p

ublic

hea

lth

pro

gra

ms,

and

co

mm

unit

yp

ublic

he

alth

pla

nnin

gp

roce

sses

at

the

stat

e,l

oca

l,o

rtr

ibal

lev

el

A.

Lead

ep

idem

iolo

gic

stu

die

s,p

ublic

he

alth

pro

gra

ms,

and

co

mm

unit

yp

ublic

hea

lth

pla

nnin

gp

roce

sses

at

the

stat

e,l

oca

l,o

rtr

ibal

lev

el

A.

Lead

ep

idem

iolo

gic

stu

die

s,p

ublic

he

alth

pro

gra

ms,

and

co

mm

unit

yp

ublic

hea

lth

pla

nnin

gp

roce

sses

at

the

stat

e,l

oca

l,o

rtr

ibal

lev

el

1.

Sup

ply

info

rmat

ion

from

hea

lth

stat

usa

sses

smen

tst

oai

din

the

d

esig

n,in

terp

reta

tion,

and

con

duc

tof

ep

idem

iolo

gic

stu

die

s

1.

Use

info

rmat

ion

from

the

co

mm

unity

and

fro

mh

ealth

sta

tus

asse

ssm

ents

to

aid

int

hed

esig

n,

inte

rpre

tatio

n,a

ndc

ond

uct

of

epid

emio

log

ics

tud

ies

1.

Synt

hesi

zein

form

atio

nfr

omt

he

com

mun

itya

ndf

rom

hea

lths

tatu

sas

sess

men

tst

oai

din

the

des

ign,

in

terp

reta

tion,

and

con

duc

tof

ep

idem

iolo

gic

stu

die

s

1.

Synt

hesi

zein

form

atio

nfr

omt

he

com

mun

itya

ndf

rom

hea

lths

tatu

sas

sess

men

tst

oai

din

the

des

ign,

in

terp

reta

tion,

and

con

duc

tof

ep

idem

iolo

gic

stu

die

s

a.

N/A

b

.N

/A

c.

Prov

ide

com

mun

ities

with

dat

aas

dire

cted

to

aid

inid

entif

ying

he

alth

prio

ritie

sfo

rst

udy

d.

Prov

ide

tech

nica

lass

ista

nce

as

dire

cted

to

com

mun

ities

and

ou

tsid

ep

artn

ers

with

res

pec

tto

sur

veill

ance

,ep

idem

iolo

gic

d

ata,

and

eva

luat

ion

a.

Use

str

ateg

ies

for

eng

agin

g

com

mun

ities

ind

ialo

gue

on

heal

this

sues

req

uirin

gs

tud

yb

.U

ses

trat

egie

sfo

rre

achi

ng

pop

ulat

ions

and

ind

ivid

uals

who

tr

aditi

onal

lym

ayn

oth

ave

had

th

eop

por

tuni

tyt

op

artic

ipat

ein

p

riorit

y-se

ttin

gp

roce

sses

c.

A

ssis

tco

mm

uniti

esin

id

entif

ying

hea

lthp

riorit

ies

for

stud

yd

.Pr

ovid

ete

chni

cala

ssis

tanc

eto

com

mun

ities

and

out

sid

ep

artn

ers

with

res

pec

tto

su

rvei

llanc

e,e

pid

emio

log

ic

dat

a,a

nde

valu

atio

n

a.

Eng

age

com

mun

ities

in

dia

log

ueo

nhe

alth

issu

es

req

uirin

gs

tud

yb

.En

sure

out

reac

hto

pop

ulat

ions

an

din

div

idua

lsw

hot

rad

ition

ally

m

ayn

oth

ave

had

the

op

por

tuni

tyt

op

artic

ipat

ein

p

riorit

y-se

ttin

gp

roce

sses

c.

Pr

ovid

ele

ader

ship

to

com

mun

ities

inid

entif

ying

he

alth

prio

ritie

sfo

rst

udy

d.

Prov

ide

tech

nica

lass

ista

nce

toc

omm

uniti

esa

ndo

utsi

de

par

tner

sw

ithr

esp

ect

to

surv

eilla

nce,

ep

idem

iolo

gic

d

ata,

and

eva

luat

ion

a.

Eng

age

com

mun

ities

in

dia

log

ueo

nhe

alth

issu

es

req

uirin

gs

tud

yb

.En

sure

out

reac

hto

pop

ulat

ions

an

din

div

idua

lsw

hot

rad

ition

ally

m

ayn

oth

ave

had

the

op

por

tuni

tyt

op

artic

ipat

ein

p

riorit

y-se

ttin

gp

roce

sses

c.

Pr

ovid

ele

ader

ship

to

com

mun

ities

inid

entif

ying

he

alth

prio

ritie

sfo

rst

udy

d.

Prov

ide

tech

nica

lass

ista

nce

toc

omm

uniti

esa

ndo

utsi

de

par

tner

sw

ithr

esp

ect

to

surv

eilla

nce,

ep

idem

iolo

gic

d

ata,

and

eva

luat

ion

IV.

Skill

Do

mai

n—C

om

mun

ity

Dim

ensi

ons

of

Pra

ctic

e

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

2.

Ass

ist

inp

rovi

din

ge

pid

emio

log

ic

inp

utin

toa

nas

sess

men

tof

the

lo

calp

ublic

hea

lths

yste

mt

oai

din

st

ate,

loca

l,or

trib

alp

ublic

hea

lth

pla

nnin

g

2.

Prov

ide

epid

emio

log

icin

put

into

an

ass

essm

ent

oft

helo

calp

ublic

he

alth

sys

tem

to

aid

ins

tate

,lo

cal,

ort

ribal

pub

lich

ealth

pla

nnin

g

2.

Lead

ep

idem

iolo

gic

por

tion

of

asse

ssm

ent

oft

helo

calp

ublic

he

alth

sys

tem

to

aid

ins

tate

,lo

cal,

ort

ribal

pub

lich

ealth

pla

nnin

g

2.

Lead

ep

idem

iolo

gic

por

tion

of

asse

ssm

ent

oft

helo

calp

ublic

he

alth

sys

tem

to

aid

ins

tate

,lo

cal,

ort

ribal

pub

lich

ealth

pla

nnin

g

a.

N/A

b

.N

/A

c.

N/A

d

.A

ssis

tin

iden

tifyi

ngt

he

spec

ific

pop

ulat

ions

with

int

he

com

mun

ityo

rre

gio

nth

ate

ach

pub

lich

ealth

pro

gra

ms

eeks

to

reac

he.

A

ssis

tin

iden

tifyi

ngt

he

epid

emio

log

icd

ata

colle

ctio

nan

da

naly

sis

need

sof

eac

hp

rog

ram

f.

N/A

g

.N

/A

h.

N/A

i.

N/A

j.

N/A

k.

N

/A

a.

Map

the

diff

eren

tle

vels

of

gov

ernm

ent

pub

lich

ealth

(tr

ibal

,lo

cal,

stat

e,a

nd

fed

eral

)and

the

irro

les

and

res

pon

sib

ilitie

sin

the

co

mm

unity

b

.C

hara

cter

ize

the

inte

ract

ions

b

etw

een

diff

eren

tle

vels

of

gov

ernm

ent

inr

elat

ion

to

com

mun

ityp

ublic

hea

lth

pro

gra

ms

c.

Ass

ess

the

fund

ing

str

eam

sfo

rp

ublic

hea

ltha

nde

pid

emio

log

yp

rog

ram

sth

ata

ffect

the

co

mm

unity

d

.Id

entif

yth

esp

ecifi

cp

opul

atio

ns

with

int

hec

omm

unity

or

reg

ion

that

eac

hp

ublic

hea

lthp

rog

ram

se

eks

tor

each

e.

Id

entif

yth

eep

idem

iolo

gic

dat

aco

llect

ion

and

ana

lysi

sne

eds

of

each

pro

gra

m

f.N

/A

g.

Map

the

com

mun

itym

edic

al-

care

del

iver

ysy

stem

,in

clud

ing

fin

anci

nga

nds

truc

ture

and

m

ajor

pol

icy

issu

esa

ffect

ing

m

edic

alc

are

h.

Cha

ract

eriz

ere

latio

nshi

ps

amon

gp

ublic

and

priv

ate

org

aniz

atio

nsw

ithin

the

co

mm

unity

i.

Iden

tify

envi

ronm

enta

l,so

cial

,an

dc

ultu

ralf

acto

rst

hat

affe

ct

the

com

mun

ity’s

heal

th

a.

Ensu

ret

hat

the

diff

eren

tle

vels

of

gov

ernm

ent

pub

lic

heal

th(t

ribal

,lo

cal,

stat

e,a

nd

fed

eral

)and

the

irro

les

and

re

spon

sib

ilitie

sar

em

app

edo

ut

int

hec

omm

unity

b

.En

sure

tha

tth

ein

tera

ctio

ns

bet

wee

nd

iffer

ent

leve

lso

fg

over

nmen

tin

rel

atio

nto

co

mm

unity

pub

lich

ealth

p

rog

ram

sar

ech

arac

teriz

ed

c.

Ass

ess

the

fund

ing

str

eam

sfo

rp

ublic

hea

ltha

nde

pid

emio

log

yp

rog

ram

sth

ata

ffect

the

co

mm

unity

d

.En

sure

tha

tth

esp

ecifi

cp

opul

atio

nsw

ithin

the

co

mm

unity

or

reg

ion

that

eac

hp

ublic

hea

lthp

rog

ram

see

kst

ore

ach

are

iden

tified

e.

En

sure

tha

tth

eep

idem

iolo

gic

d

ata

colle

ctio

nan

da

naly

sis

need

sof

eac

hp

rog

ram

are

id

entifi

ed

f.Id

entif

yco

mm

unity

the

mes

and

st

reng

ths

g.

Ensu

ret

hat

the

com

mun

ity

med

ical

-car

ed

eliv

ery

syst

emis

m

app

edo

ut,i

nclu

din

gfi

nanc

ing

an

ds

truc

ture

and

maj

orp

olic

yis

sues

affe

ctin

gm

edic

alc

are

h.

Ensu

ret

hat

rela

tions

hip

sam

ong

p

ublic

and

priv

ate

org

aniz

atio

ns

with

int

hec

omm

unity

are

ch

arac

teriz

ed

a.

Map

the

diff

eren

tle

vels

of

gov

ernm

ent

pub

lich

ealth

(tr

ibal

,lo

cal,

stat

e,a

nd

fed

eral

)and

the

irro

les

and

res

pon

sib

ilitie

sin

the

co

mm

unity

b

.C

hara

cter

ize

the

inte

ract

ions

b

etw

een

diff

eren

tle

vels

of

gov

ernm

ent

inr

elat

ion

to

com

mun

ityp

ublic

hea

lth

pro

gra

ms

c.

Ass

ess

the

fund

ing

str

eam

sfo

rp

ublic

hea

ltha

nde

pid

emio

log

yp

rog

ram

sth

ata

ffect

the

co

mm

unity

d

.Id

entif

yth

esp

ecifi

cp

opul

atio

ns

with

int

hec

omm

unity

or

reg

ion

that

eac

hp

ublic

hea

lthp

rog

ram

se

eks

tor

each

e.

Id

entif

yth

eep

idem

iolo

gic

dat

aco

llect

ion

and

ana

lysi

sne

eds

of

each

pro

gra

m

f.Id

entif

yco

mm

unity

the

mes

and

st

reng

ths

g.

Map

the

com

mun

itym

edic

al-

care

del

iver

ysy

stem

,in

clud

ing

fin

anci

nga

nds

truc

ture

and

m

ajor

pol

icy

issu

esa

ffect

ing

m

edic

alc

are

h.

Cha

ract

eriz

ere

latio

nshi

ps

amon

gp

ublic

and

priv

ate

org

aniz

atio

nsw

ithin

the

co

mm

unity

i.

Eval

uate

env

ironm

enta

l,so

cial

,an

dc

ultu

ralf

acto

rst

hat

affe

ct

the

com

mun

ity’s

heal

th

IV.

Skill

Do

mai

n—C

om

mun

ity

Dim

ensi

ons

of

Pra

ctic

e (c

ont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

2.

Prov

ide

epid

emio

log

icin

put

into

an

ass

essm

ent

oft

helo

calp

ublic

he

alth

sys

tem

to

aid

ins

tate

,lo

cal,

ort

ribal

pub

lich

ealth

pla

nnin

g

(con

tinue

d)

2.

Lead

ep

idem

iolo

gic

por

tion

of

asse

ssm

ent

oft

helo

calp

ublic

he

alth

sys

tem

to

aid

ins

tate

,lo

cal,

ort

ribal

pub

lich

ealth

pla

nnin

g

(con

tinue

d)

2.

Lead

ep

idem

iolo

gic

por

tion

of

asse

ssm

ent

oft

helo

calp

ublic

he

alth

sys

tem

to

aid

ins

tate

,lo

cal,

ort

ribal

pub

lich

ealth

pla

nnin

g

(con

tinue

d)

j.D

ocum

ent

chan

ges

tha

tar

eoc

curr

ing

or

are

exp

ecte

dt

ooc

cur

that

affe

ctt

hec

omm

unity

’she

alth

or

the

loca

lpub

lich

ealth

sys

tem

(e

.g.,

aM

obili

zing

for

Act

ion

thro

ugh

Plan

ning

and

Par

tner

ship

sfo

rces

of

chan

ge

asse

ssm

ent)

k.

Iden

tify

thre

ats

and

op

por

tuni

ties

that

aris

efr

omt

hese

cha

nges

i.En

sure

tha

ten

viro

nmen

tal,

soci

al,

and

cul

tura

lfac

tors

tha

taf

fect

the

co

mm

unity

’she

alth

are

ana

lyze

d

j.Ex

amin

ech

ang

est

hat

are

occu

rrin

g

ora

ree

xpec

ted

to

occu

rth

ata

ffect

th

eco

mm

unity

’she

alth

or

the

loca

lpub

lich

ealth

sys

tem

(e.g

.,a

Mob

ilizi

ngf

orA

ctio

nth

roug

hPl

anni

nga

ndP

artn

ersh

ips

forc

eso

fch

ang

eas

sess

men

t)k.

Ev

alua

tet

hrea

tsa

ndo

pp

ortu

nitie

sth

ata

rise

from

the

sec

hang

es

j.Ex

amin

ech

ang

est

hat

are

occu

rrin

g

ora

ree

xpec

ted

to

occu

rth

ata

ffect

th

eco

mm

unity

’she

alth

or

the

loca

lpub

lich

ealth

sys

tem

(e.g

.,a

Mob

ilizi

ngf

orA

ctio

nth

roug

hPl

anni

nga

ndP

artn

ersh

ips

forc

eso

fch

ang

eas

sess

men

t)k.

Ev

alua

tet

hrea

tsa

ndo

pp

ortu

nitie

sth

ata

rise

from

the

sec

hang

es

B.

Par

tici

pat

ein

dev

elo

pm

ent

of

com

mun

ity

par

tner

ship

sto

sup

po

rt

epid

emio

log

ici

nves

tig

atio

ns

B.

Par

tici

pat

ein

dev

elo

pm

ent

of

com

mun

ity

par

tner

ship

sto

sup

po

rt

epid

emio

log

ici

nves

tig

atio

ns

B.

Dev

elo

pc

om

mun

ity

par

tner

ship

sto

su

pp

ort

ep

idem

iolo

gic

inv

esti

gat

ions

B

.D

evel

op

co

mm

unit

yp

artn

ersh

ips

to

sup

po

rte

pid

emio

log

ici

nves

tig

atio

ns

1.

N/A

1.

Id

entif

yp

artn

ers

and

sta

keho

lder

sne

cess

ary

for

epid

emio

log

ic

inve

stig

atio

n

1.

Sust

ain

rela

tions

hip

sw

ithp

artn

ers

and

sta

keho

lder

sne

cess

ary

for

epid

emio

log

icin

vest

igat

ion

1.

Solic

itp

artn

ers

and

sta

keho

lder

sne

cess

ary

for

epid

emio

log

ic

inve

stig

atio

n

2.

Con

trib

ute

toc

omm

unity

-sp

ecifi

cp

artic

ipat

ion

stra

teg

ies

toe

ngag

eth

ep

ublic

int

hep

lann

ing

,im

ple

men

tatio

n,a

nde

valu

atio

nof

ep

idem

iolo

gic

inve

stig

atio

nsw

hen

ind

icat

ed

2.

Use

com

mun

ity-s

pec

ific

par

ticip

atio

nst

rate

gie

sin

the

p

lann

ing

,im

ple

men

tatio

n,a

nd

eval

uatio

nof

ep

idem

iolo

gic

in

vest

igat

ions

whe

nin

dic

ated

2.

Ensu

ret

heu

seo

fco

mm

unity

-sp

ecifi

cp

artic

ipat

ion

stra

teg

ies

int

hep

lann

ing

,im

ple

men

tatio

n,

and

eva

luat

ion

ofe

pid

emio

log

ic

inve

stig

atio

nsw

hen

ind

icat

ed

2.

Dev

elop

com

mun

ity-s

pec

ific

par

ticip

atio

nst

rate

gie

sin

the

p

lann

ing

,im

ple

men

tatio

n,a

nd

eval

uatio

nof

ep

idem

iolo

gic

in

vest

igat

ions

whe

nin

dic

ated

3.

N/A

3.

C

larif

yth

ero

les

ofp

artn

ers

and

st

akeh

old

ers

int

hee

pid

emio

log

ic

inve

stig

atio

n

3.

Cla

rify

the

role

sof

par

tner

san

d

stak

ehol

der

sin

the

ep

idem

iolo

gic

in

vest

igat

ion

3.

Cla

rify

the

role

sof

par

tner

san

d

stak

ehol

der

sin

the

ep

idem

iolo

gic

in

vest

igat

ion

4.

N/A

4.

Pa

rtic

ipat

ein

the

dev

elop

men

tof

ep

idem

iolo

gic

stu

die

s,in

clud

ing

in

corp

orat

ing

inp

utf

rom

tas

kfo

rces

an

do

ther

tar

get

aud

ienc

es

4.

Lead

the

dev

elop

men

tof

ep

idem

iolo

gic

stu

die

s,in

clud

ing

in

corp

orat

ing

inp

utf

rom

tas

kfo

rces

an

do

ther

tar

get

aud

ienc

es

4.

Lead

the

dev

elop

men

tof

ep

idem

iolo

gic

stu

die

s,in

clud

ing

in

corp

orat

ing

inp

utf

rom

tas

kfo

rces

an

do

ther

tar

get

aud

ienc

es

IV.

Skill

Do

mai

n—C

om

mun

ity

Dim

ensi

ons

of

Pra

ctic

e (c

ont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

A.

Des

crib

ep

op

ulat

ion

by

race

;et

hnic

ity;

cul

ture

;so

ciet

al,

educ

atio

nal,

and

pro

fess

iona

lb

ackg

roun

ds;

ag

e;g

end

er;

relig

ion;

d

isab

ility

;an

ds

exua

lo

rien

tati

on

A.

Des

crib

ep

op

ulat

ion

by

race

;et

hnic

ity;

cul

ture

;so

ciet

al,

educ

atio

nal,

and

pro

fess

iona

lb

ackg

roun

ds;

ag

e;g

end

er;

relig

ion;

d

isab

ility

;an

ds

exua

lo

rien

tati

on

A.

Dif

fere

ntia

tes

pec

ial

po

pul

atio

ns

by

race

;et

hnic

ity;

cul

ture

;so

ciet

al,

educ

atio

nal,

and

pro

fess

iona

lb

ackg

roun

ds;

ag

e;g

end

er;

relig

ion;

d

isab

ility

;an

ds

exua

lo

rien

tati

on

A.

Dif

fere

ntia

tes

pec

ial

po

pul

atio

ns

by

race

;et

hnic

ity;

cul

ture

;so

ciet

al,

educ

atio

nal,

and

pro

fess

iona

lb

ackg

roun

ds;

ag

e;g

end

er;

relig

ion;

d

isab

ility

;an

ds

exua

lo

rien

tati

on

1.

Iden

tify

spec

ialp

opul

atio

nsin

the

co

mm

unity

tha

tm

ayb

esi

gni

fican

tin

ad

dre

ssin

gp

ublic

hea

lth

pro

ble

ms

1.

Iden

tify

spec

ialp

opul

atio

nsin

the

co

mm

unity

tha

tm

ayb

esi

gni

fican

tin

ad

dre

ssin

gp

ublic

hea

lth

pro

ble

ms

1.

Ensu

ret

hat

each

sp

ecia

lpop

ulat

ion

isc

hara

cter

ized

by

size

,lo

catio

n,

and

oth

erf

acto

rst

hat

may

be

sig

nific

ant

ina

dd

ress

ing

pub

lic

heal

thp

rob

lem

s

1.

Cha

ract

eriz

eea

chs

pec

ial

pop

ulat

ion

by

size

,lo

catio

n,

and

oth

erf

acto

rst

hat

may

be

sig

nific

ant

ina

dd

ress

ing

pub

lic

heal

thp

rob

lem

s

B.

Est

ablis

hre

lati

ons

hip

sw

ith

gro

ups

of

spec

ial

conc

ern

(e.g

.,

dis

adva

ntag

edo

rm

ino

rity

gro

ups,

g

roup

ssu

bje

ctt

oh

ealt

hd

isp

arit

ies,

hi

sto

rica

llyu

nder

rep

rese

nted

g

roup

s)

B.

Est

ablis

hre

lati

ons

hip

sw

ith

gro

ups

of

spec

ial

conc

ern

(e.g

.,

dis

adva

ntag

edo

rm

ino

rity

gro

ups,

g

roup

ssu

bje

ctt

oh

ealt

hd

isp

arit

ies,

hi

sto

rica

llyu

nder

rep

rese

nted

g

roup

s)

B.

Est

ablis

hre

lati

ons

hip

sw

ith

gro

ups

of

spec

ial

conc

ern

(e.g

.,

dis

adva

ntag

edo

rm

ino

rity

gro

ups,

g

roup

ssu

bje

ctt

oh

ealt

hd

isp

arit

ies,

hi

sto

rica

llyu

nder

rep

rese

nted

g

roup

s)

B.

Est

ablis

hre

lati

ons

hip

sw

ith

gro

ups

of

spec

ial

conc

ern

(e.g

.,

dis

adva

ntag

edo

rm

ino

rity

gro

ups,

g

roup

ssu

bje

ctt

oh

ealt

hd

isp

arit

ies,

hi

sto

rica

llyu

nder

rep

rese

nted

g

roup

s)

1.

N/A

1.

St

udy

pop

ulat

ions

’his

torie

san

d

pas

ttr

eatm

ent

by

pub

lich

ealth

sy

stem

1.

Eval

uate

pop

ulat

ions

’his

torie

san

d

pas

ttr

eatm

ent

by

pub

lich

ealth

sy

stem

1.

Eval

uate

his

toric

alc

onte

xto

fp

opul

atio

ns’h

isto

ries

and

pas

ttr

eatm

ent

by

pub

lich

ealth

sys

tem

2.

N/A

2.

N

/A

2.

Form

ulat

eco

mm

unic

atio

nst

rate

gie

sfo

rsp

ecia

lpop

ulat

ions

on

the

bas

iso

fkn

owle

dg

eof

hi

stor

ical

tre

atm

ent

2.

Form

ulat

eco

mm

unic

atio

nst

rate

gie

sfo

rsp

ecia

lpop

ulat

ions

on

the

bas

iso

fkn

owle

dg

eof

hi

stor

ical

tre

atm

ent

3.

N/A

3.

N

/A

3.

Org

aniz

eou

trea

che

ffort

sto

sp

ecia

lp

opul

atio

ns

3.

Org

aniz

eou

trea

che

ffort

sto

sp

ecia

lp

opul

atio

ns

4.

N/A

4.

D

evel

opm

echa

nism

sto

rec

eive

in

put

fro

mg

roup

sof

sp

ecia

lco

ncer

nin

tot

hed

esig

nan

d

cond

uct

ofe

pid

emio

log

icp

ract

ice

4.

Ensu

ret

hat

inp

utf

rom

gro

ups

ofs

pec

ialc

once

rnis

use

din

th

ed

esig

nan

dc

ond

uct

of

epid

emio

log

icp

ract

ice

4.

Ensu

ret

hat

inp

utf

rom

gro

ups

ofs

pec

ialc

once

rnis

use

din

th

ed

esig

nan

dc

ond

uct

of

epid

emio

log

icp

ract

ice

V. S

kill

Do

mai

n—C

ultu

ral

Co

mp

eten

cy

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

C.

Des

crib

esu

rvei

llanc

esy

stem

sth

at

incl

ude

gro

ups

sub

ject

to

hea

lth

dis

par

itie

so

ro

ther

po

tent

ially

un

der

rep

rese

nted

gro

ups

(usi

ng

stan

dar

dc

ateg

ori

esw

here

ava

ilab

le)

C.

Des

ign

surv

eilla

nce

syst

ems

to

incl

ude

gro

ups

sub

ject

to

hea

lth

dis

par

itie

so

ro

ther

po

tent

ially

un

der

rep

rese

nted

gro

ups

(usi

ng

stan

dar

dc

ateg

ori

esw

here

ava

ilab

le)

C.

Ens

ure

that

sur

veill

ance

sys

tem

sar

ed

esig

ned

to

inc

lud

eg

roup

ssu

bje

ctt

oh

ealt

hd

isp

arit

ies

or

oth

er

po

tent

ially

und

erre

pre

sent

edg

roup

s(u

sing

sta

ndar

dc

ateg

ori

esw

here

av

aila

ble

)

C.

Ens

ure

that

sur

veill

ance

sys

tem

sar

ed

esig

ned

to

inc

lud

eg

roup

ssu

bje

ctt

oh

ealt

hd

isp

arit

ies

or

oth

er

po

tent

ially

und

erre

pre

sent

edg

roup

s(u

sing

sta

ndar

dc

ateg

ori

esw

here

av

aila

ble

)

1.

Iden

tify

stan

dar

dc

ateg

orie

sus

ed

tod

efine

sp

ecia

lpop

ulat

ions

1.

U

ses

tand

ard

cat

egor

ies

whe

nd

efini

ngs

pec

ialp

opul

atio

ns

1.

Ensu

ret

hat

stan

dar

dc

ateg

orie

sar

eus

edt

od

efine

sp

ecia

lpop

ulat

ions

,ta

king

into

acc

ount

his

toric

al,

soci

al,

and

pol

itica

lcon

text

sof

st

and

ard

cat

egor

ies

1.

Sele

cts

tand

ard

cat

egor

ies

used

to

defi

nes

pec

ialp

opul

atio

ns

2.

Iden

tify

hist

oric

al,

soci

al,

and

p

oliti

calc

onte

xts

ofs

tand

ard

ca

teg

orie

s

2.

Iden

tify

hist

oric

al,

soci

al,

and

p

oliti

calc

onte

xts

ofs

tand

ard

ca

teg

orie

s

2.

N/A

2.

Ex

amin

ehi

stor

ical

,so

cial

,an

d

pol

itica

lcon

text

sof

sta

ndar

d

cate

gor

ies

3.

Iden

tify

limita

tions

of

stan

dar

d

cate

gor

ies

3.

Iden

tify

limita

tions

of

stan

dar

d

cate

gor

ies

3.

N/A

3.

Ex

pla

inli

mita

tions

of

stan

dar

d

cate

gor

ies

4.

N/A

4.

W

ork

with

com

mun

itya

sne

cess

ary

tod

evel

opn

ewc

ateg

orie

sif

stan

dar

dc

ateg

orie

sar

eun

avai

lab

le

4.

Lead

col

lab

orat

ion

with

com

mun

ity

asn

eces

sary

to

dev

elop

new

ca

teg

orie

sif

stan

dar

dc

ateg

orie

sar

eun

avai

lab

le

4.

Wor

kw

ithc

omm

unity

as

nece

ssar

yto

dev

elop

new

cat

egor

ies

ifst

and

ard

cat

egor

ies

are

unav

aila

ble

5.

N/A

5.

D

esig

nd

ata

colle

ctio

nto

ols

to

cap

ture

info

rmat

ion

need

edt

oas

sess

hea

lthd

isp

ariti

es

5.

Ensu

ret

hat

dat

aco

llect

ion

tool

san

ds

amp

ling

pla

nca

ptu

re

info

rmat

ion

need

edt

oas

sess

he

alth

dis

par

ities

and

pro

vid

est

able

est

imat

esin

pop

ulat

ions

of

inte

rest

5.

Verif

yth

atd

ata

colle

ctio

nto

ols

will

cap

ture

info

rmat

ion

need

edt

oas

sess

hea

lthd

isp

ariti

es

6.

N/A

6.

D

esig

nsa

mp

ling

pla

nto

ens

ure

sam

ple

siz

ela

rge

enou

gh

to

pro

vid

est

able

est

imat

esin

p

opul

atio

nso

fin

tere

st

6.

N/A

6.

Ev

alua

tes

amp

ling

pla

nto

ens

ure

sam

ple

siz

ela

rge

enou

gh

to

pro

vid

est

able

est

imat

esin

p

opul

atio

nso

fin

tere

st

7.

Avo

idp

oten

tiala

dve

rse

imp

acts

of

dat

aco

llect

ion

ons

pec

ial

pop

ulat

ions

7.

Avo

idp

oten

tiala

dve

rse

imp

acts

of

dat

aco

llect

ion

ons

pec

ial

pop

ulat

ions

7.

Ensu

ret

hat

dat

aco

llect

ion

doe

sno

tad

vers

ely

imp

act

spec

ial

pop

ulat

ions

7.

Avo

idp

oten

tiala

dve

rse

imp

acts

of

dat

aco

llect

ion

ons

pec

ial

pop

ulat

ions

V. S

kill

Do

mai

n—C

ultu

ral

Co

mp

eten

cy (

cont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

D.

Co

nduc

tin

vest

igat

ions

usi

ng

lang

uag

esa

nda

pp

roac

hes

tailo

red

to

po

pul

atio

n

D.

Co

nduc

tin

vest

igat

ions

usi

ng

lang

uag

esa

nda

pp

roac

hes

tailo

red

to

po

pul

atio

n

D.

Ens

ure

that

inv

esti

gat

ions

use

la

ngua

ges

and

ap

pro

ache

sta

ilore

d

top

op

ulat

ion

D.

Org

aniz

ein

vest

igat

ions

tha

tus

ela

ngua

ges

and

ap

pro

ache

sta

ilore

d

top

op

ulat

ion

1.

Iden

tify

prim

ary

lang

uag

eof

p

opul

atio

n1.

Id

entif

yp

rimar

yla

ngua

ge

of

pop

ulat

ion

1.

Iden

tify

prim

ary

lang

uag

eof

p

opul

atio

n1.

Id

entif

yp

rimar

yla

ngua

ge

of

pop

ulat

ion

2.

Use

kno

wle

dg

eof

sp

ecifi

cso

cioc

ultu

ralf

acto

rsin

the

p

opul

atio

n

2.

Use

kno

wle

dg

eof

sp

ecifi

cso

cioc

ultu

ralf

acto

rsin

the

p

opul

atio

n

2.

Use

kno

wle

dg

eof

sp

ecifi

cso

cioc

ultu

ralf

acto

rsin

the

p

opul

atio

n

2.

Use

kno

wle

dg

eof

sp

ecifi

cso

cioc

ultu

ralf

acto

rsin

the

p

opul

atio

n

3.

N/A

3.

N

/A

3.

Iden

tify

mec

hani

sms

for

cont

act

and

com

mun

icat

ion

with

p

opul

atio

n

3.

Iden

tify

mec

hani

sms

for

cont

act

and

com

mun

icat

ion

with

p

opul

atio

n

4.

N/A

4.

N

/A

4.

Ensu

ret

hat

inve

stig

ativ

em

etho

ds

will

acc

omm

odat

esp

ecia

lnee

ds

of

the

pop

ulat

ion

4.

Iden

tify

inve

stig

ativ

em

etho

ds

that

w

illa

ccom

mod

ate

spec

ialn

eed

sof

th

ep

opul

atio

n

5.

N/A

5.

N

/A

5.

Synt

hesi

zet

his

know

led

ge

into

an

inve

stig

atio

nst

rate

gy

5.

Synt

hesi

zet

his

know

led

ge

into

an

inve

stig

atio

nst

rate

gy

6.

N/A

6.

N

/A

6.

Faci

litat

est

aff

acce

sst

oid

entifi

ed

sup

por

tor

mec

hani

sms

need

edt

oco

mm

unic

ate

with

pop

ulat

ion

6.

N/A

E.

Use

sta

ndar

dp

op

ulat

ion

cate

go

ries

o

rsu

bca

teg

ori

esw

hen

per

form

ing

d

ata

anal

ysis

E.

Use

sta

ndar

dp

op

ulat

ion

cate

go

ries

o

rsu

bca

teg

ori

esw

hen

per

form

ing

d

ata

anal

ysis

E.

Ens

ure

that

sta

ndar

dp

op

ulat

ion

cate

go

ries

or

sub

cate

go

ries

are

use

d

for

dat

aan

alys

is

E.

Ens

ure

that

sta

ndar

dp

op

ulat

ion

cate

go

ries

or

sub

cate

go

ries

are

use

d

for

dat

aan

alys

es

F.

N/A

F.

U

sek

now

led

ge

of

spec

ific

soci

ocu

ltur

alf

acto

rsi

nth

ep

op

ulat

ion

toi

nter

pre

tfi

ndin

gs

F.

Use

kno

wle

dg

eo

fsp

ecifi

cso

cio

cult

ural

fac

tors

in

the

po

pul

atio

nto

int

erp

ret

find

ing

s

F.

Use

kno

wle

dg

eo

fsp

ecifi

cso

cio

cult

ural

fac

tors

in

the

po

pul

atio

nto

int

erp

ret

find

ing

s

1.

N/A

1.

Id

entif

ycu

ltura

lfac

tors

tha

tm

ay

have

influ

ence

do

utco

me

of

inve

stig

atio

n

1.

Eval

uate

cul

tura

lfac

tors

tha

tm

ayh

ave

influ

ence

do

utco

me

of

inve

stig

atio

n

1.

Eval

uate

cul

tura

lfac

tors

tha

tm

ayh

ave

influ

ence

do

utco

me

of

inve

stig

atio

n

2.

N/A

2.

N

/A

2.

Ass

ess

imp

act

ofin

vest

igat

ion

find

ing

son

the

pop

ulat

ion

2.

Ass

ess

imp

act

ofin

vest

igat

ion

find

ing

son

the

pop

ulat

ion

V. S

kill

Do

mai

n—C

ultu

ral

Co

mp

eten

cy (

cont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

G.

Sup

po

rtp

ublic

hea

lth

acti

ons

th

ata

rer

elev

ant

tot

hea

ffec

ted

co

mm

unit

y

G.

Rec

om

men

dp

ublic

hea

lth

acti

ons

th

atw

oul

db

ere

leva

ntt

ot

he

affe

cted

co

mm

unit

y

G.

Ens

ure

that

act

ions

are

rel

evan

tto

th

eaf

fect

edc

om

mun

ity

G.

Rec

om

men

da

ctio

nst

hat

will

be

rele

vant

to

the

aff

ecte

dc

om

mun

ity

1.

Use

alte

rnat

ive

actio

nst

hat

have

b

een

show

nto

be

effe

ctiv

ein

si

mila

rp

opul

atio

ns

1.

Use

alte

rnat

ive

actio

nst

hat

have

b

een

show

nto

be

effe

ctiv

ein

si

mila

rp

opul

atio

ns

1.

Ensu

reu

seo

fal

tern

ativ

eac

tions

th

ath

ave

bee

nsh

own

tob

eef

fect

ive

ins

imila

rp

opul

atio

ns

1.

Eval

uate

alte

rnat

ive

actio

nst

hat

have

bee

nsh

own

tob

eef

fect

ive

in

sim

ilar

pop

ulat

ions

2.

Use

act

ion

stra

teg

ies

that

will

ad

dre

sst

heis

sues

iden

tified

int

he

inve

stig

atio

nw

hile

mee

ting

the

ne

eds

oft

hec

omm

unity

2.

Use

act

ion

stra

teg

ies

that

will

ad

dre

sst

heis

sues

iden

tified

int

he

inve

stig

atio

nw

hile

mee

ting

the

ne

eds

oft

hec

omm

unity

2.

Cre

ate

actio

nst

rate

gie

sth

atw

ill

add

ress

the

issu

esid

entifi

edin

the

in

vest

igat

ion

whi

lem

eetin

gt

he

need

sof

the

com

mun

ity

2.

Cre

ate

actio

nst

rate

gie

sth

atw

ill

add

ress

the

issu

esid

entifi

edin

the

in

vest

igat

ion

whi

lem

eetin

gt

he

need

sof

the

com

mun

ity

3.

N/A

3.

N

/A

3.

Valid

ate

the

choi

ceo

fac

tion

stra

teg

yth

roug

hco

nsul

tatio

nw

ith

the

affe

cted

com

mun

ity

3.

Valid

ate

the

choi

ceo

fac

tion

stra

teg

yth

roug

hco

nsul

tatio

nw

ith

the

affe

cted

com

mun

ity

V. S

kill

Do

mai

n—C

ultu

ral

Co

mp

eten

cy (

cont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

A.

Co

nduc

tep

idem

iolo

gic

act

ivit

ies

wit

hin

the

fina

ncia

lan

do

per

atio

nal

pla

no

fth

eag

ency

A.

Co

nduc

tep

idem

iolo

gic

act

ivit

ies

wit

hin

the

fina

ncia

lan

do

per

atio

nal

pla

no

fth

eag

ency

A.

Cre

ate

op

erat

iona

lan

dfi

nanc

ial

pla

nsf

or

futu

ree

pid

emio

log

ic

acti

viti

es

A.

Co

nduc

tep

idem

iolo

gic

act

ivit

ies

wit

hin

the

fina

ncia

lan

do

per

atio

nal

pla

no

fth

eag

ency

1.

N/A

1.

Se

tg

oals

and

ob

ject

ives

for

ep

idem

iolo

gy

pro

gra

m

1.

Set

goa

lsa

ndo

bje

ctiv

esf

or

epid

emio

log

yp

rog

ram

1.

Pr

ovid

ein

put

into

goa

lsa

nd

obje

ctiv

esf

ore

pid

emio

log

yp

rog

ram

2.

N/A

2.

Fo

rmul

ate

task

sto

mee

tg

oals

and

ob

ject

ives

2.

Fo

rmul

ate

task

sto

mee

tg

oals

and

ob

ject

ives

2.

Fo

rmul

ate

task

sto

mee

tg

oals

and

ob

ject

ives

3.

Con

stru

cta

tim

elin

efo

rca

rryi

ng

out

the

task

s3.

C

onst

ruct

at

imel

ine

for

carr

ying

ou

tth

eta

sks

3.

Con

stru

cta

tim

elin

efo

rca

rryi

ng

out

the

task

s3.

C

onst

ruct

at

imel

ine

for

carr

ying

ou

tth

eta

sks

4.

Con

duc

tep

idem

iolo

gic

act

iviti

es,

incl

udin

gt

rave

l,w

ithin

sp

ecifi

ed

bud

get

4.

Des

crib

ep

erso

nnel

,st

affin

g,

trav

el,

and

oth

ern

eed

sfo

rep

idem

iolo

gic

ac

tiviti

es

4.

N/A

4.

D

escr

ibe

per

sonn

el,

staf

fing

,tr

avel

,an

do

ther

nee

ds

for

epid

emio

log

ic

activ

ities

5.

Mai

ntai

nac

cura

ter

ecor

ds

5.

Mai

ntai

nac

cura

ter

ecor

ds

5.

N/A

5.

M

aint

ain

accu

rate

rec

ord

s

B.

Des

crib

eth

efi

nanc

ial

pla

nnin

g

and

bud

get

ary

pro

cess

of

the

epid

emio

log

yp

rog

ram

B.

Ass

ist

ind

evel

op

ing

afi

scal

ly

soun

db

udg

ett

hat

will

sup

po

rtt

he

acti

viti

esd

efine

di

nth

eo

per

atio

nal

pla

nan

di

sco

nsis

tent

wit

hth

efi

nanc

ial

rule

so

fth

eag

ency

B.

Form

ulat

ea

fisc

ally

so

und

bud

get

th

atw

ills

upp

ort

the

act

ivit

ies

defi

ned

in

the

op

erat

iona

lp

lan

and

is

co

nsis

tent

wit

hth

efi

nanc

ial

rule

so

fth

eag

ency

B.

Des

crib

eth

efi

nanc

ial

pla

nnin

ga

nd

bud

get

ary

pro

cess

of

the

agen

cy

1.

N/A

1.

A

sses

sth

efin

anci

alr

ules

of

the

agen

cya

nda

vaila

ble

res

ourc

es

toe

stab

lish

bou

ndar

ies

for

the

bud

get

1.

Ass

ess

the

finan

cial

rul

eso

fth

eag

ency

and

ava

ilab

ler

esou

rces

to

est

ablis

hb

ound

arie

sfo

rth

eb

udg

et

1.

Ass

ess

the

finan

cial

rul

eso

fth

eag

ency

and

ava

ilab

ler

esou

rces

to

est

ablis

hb

ound

arie

sfo

rth

eb

udg

et

2.

List

res

ourc

esn

eces

sary

to

carr

you

tta

sks

int

heo

per

atio

nalp

lan,

in

clud

ing

per

sonn

el,

equi

pm

ent,

su

pp

lies,

and

tra

velc

osts

2.

Estim

ate

reso

urce

sne

cess

ary

to

carr

you

tta

sks

int

heo

per

atio

nal

pla

n,in

clud

ing

per

sonn

el,

equi

pm

ent,

sup

plie

s,a

ndt

rave

lco

sts

2.

Just

ifyr

esou

rces

nec

essa

ryt

oca

rry

out

task

sin

the

op

erat

iona

lpla

n,

incl

udin

gp

erso

nnel

,eq

uip

men

t,

sup

plie

s,a

ndt

rave

lcos

ts

2.

Estim

ate

reso

urce

sne

cess

ary

to

carr

you

tta

sks

int

heo

per

atio

nal

pla

n,in

clud

ing

per

sonn

el,

equi

pm

ent,

sup

plie

s,a

ndt

rave

lco

sts

3.

N/A

3.

Es

timat

eex

pen

ditu

res

that

m

aya

rise

from

une

xpec

ted

ep

idem

iolo

gic

act

iviti

es,

such

as

rap

idin

vest

igat

ions

and

em

erg

ency

re

spon

se

3.

Estim

ate

exp

end

iture

sth

at

may

aris

efr

omu

nexp

ecte

d

epid

emio

log

ica

ctiv

ities

,su

cha

sra

pid

inve

stig

atio

nsa

nde

mer

gen

cy

resp

onse

3.

N/A

VI.

Skill

Do

mai

n—Fi

nanc

ial

and

Op

erat

iona

l P

lann

ing

and

Man

agem

ent

(Op

erat

iona

l P

lann

ing

, Fi

nanc

ial

Pla

nnin

g,

and

Man

agem

ent

Skill

s)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

C.

Imp

lem

ent

op

erat

iona

lan

dfi

nanc

ial

pla

ns

C.

Imp

lem

ent

op

erat

iona

lan

dfi

nanc

ial

pla

ns

C.

Ove

rsee

im

ple

men

tati

on

of

op

erat

iona

lan

dfi

nanc

ial

pla

ns

C.

Imp

lem

ent

op

erat

iona

lan

dfi

nanc

ial

pla

nsf

or

assi

gne

dp

roje

cts

1.

N/A

1.

A

ssig

nta

sks

tos

taff

mem

ber

s1.

A

ssig

nta

sks

tos

taff

mem

ber

s1.

N

/A

2.

Com

par

ep

rog

ress

to

exp

ecta

tions

es

tab

lishe

din

pla

n2.

C

omp

are

pro

gre

sst

oex

pec

tatio

ns

esta

blis

hed

inp

lan

2.

Com

par

ep

rog

ress

to

exp

ecta

tions

es

tab

lishe

din

pla

n2.

C

omp

are

pro

gre

sst

oex

pec

tatio

ns

esta

blis

hed

inp

lan

3.

N/A

3.

Tr

ack

fisca

lexp

end

iture

sag

ains

tfin

anci

alp

lan

3.

Eval

uate

fisc

ale

xpen

ditu

res

agai

nst

finan

cial

pla

n3.

Ev

alua

tefi

scal

exp

end

iture

sag

ains

tfin

anci

alp

lan

4.

Ad

just

act

iviti

esa

sne

cess

ary

to

stay

with

ind

efine

db

udg

et

4.

Ad

just

act

iviti

esa

sne

cess

ary

to

stay

with

ind

efine

db

udg

et

4.

Ad

just

act

iviti

esa

sne

cess

ary

to

stay

with

ind

efine

db

udg

et

4.

Ad

just

act

iviti

esa

sne

cess

ary

to

stay

with

ind

efine

db

udg

et

5.

Seek

ad

diti

onal

res

ourc

esa

sne

cess

ary

tos

upp

ort

unex

pec

ted

ac

tiviti

es

5.

Seek

ad

diti

onal

res

ourc

esa

sne

cess

ary

tos

upp

ort

unex

pec

ted

ac

tiviti

es

5.

Seek

ad

diti

onal

res

ourc

esa

sne

cess

ary

tos

upp

ort

unex

pec

ted

ac

tiviti

es

5.

N/A

6.

Follo

wc

hain

of

com

man

d

6.

Follo

wc

hain

of

com

man

d

6.

Follo

wc

hain

of

com

man

da

nd

agen

cyfi

nanc

ialr

ules

6.

Fo

llow

cha

ino

fco

mm

and

D.

N/A

D

.A

ssis

tin

pre

par

atio

no

fp

rop

osa

ls

for

extr

amur

alf

und

ing

D

.D

evel

op

req

uest

sfo

rp

rop

osa

ls

for

extr

amur

alf

und

ing

to

sup

po

rt

add

itio

nal

epid

emio

log

ica

ctiv

itie

san

ds

pec

ial

pro

ject

s

D.

Pre

par

ep

rop

osa

lsf

or

extr

amur

al

fund

ing

fo

rre

view

and

inp

utf

rom

m

anag

ers

1.

N/A

1.

Id

entif

yfu

ndin

gn

eed

sfo

rep

idem

iolo

gic

act

iviti

es

1.

Iden

tify

epid

emio

log

ica

ctiv

ities

th

atn

eed

ext

ram

ural

fun

din

g

1.

Iden

tify

fund

ing

nee

ds

for

epid

emio

log

ica

ctiv

ities

2.

N/A

2.

Id

entif

yfu

ndin

go

pp

ortu

nitie

sfo

rep

idem

iolo

gic

act

iviti

es

2.

Eval

uate

fun

din

go

pp

ortu

nitie

sto

su

pp

ort

epid

emio

log

ica

ctiv

ities

2.

Id

entif

yfu

ndin

go

pp

ortu

nitie

sfo

rep

idem

iolo

gic

act

iviti

es

3.

N/A

3.

Pr

epar

ep

rop

osal

s,in

who

leo

rin

par

t,t

oob

tain

fun

din

gf

or

epid

emio

log

ica

ctiv

ities

3.

Cre

ate

scie

ntifi

cally

sou

nd

pro

pos

als

that

will

sup

por

tep

idem

iolo

gic

act

iviti

esa

ndm

eet

the

req

uire

men

tso

fth

efu

ndin

g

agen

cy

3.

Prep

are

pro

pos

als,

inw

hole

or

inp

art,

to

obta

inf

und

ing

for

ep

idem

iolo

gic

act

iviti

es

E.

N/A

E

.U

sem

anag

emen

tsk

ills

E.

Use

man

agem

ent

skill

sE

.N

/A

1.

N/A

1.

Es

tab

lish

role

san

dr

esp

onsi

bili

ties

ofa

llp

artic

ipan

tsin

ep

idem

iolo

gic

ac

tiviti

es

1.

Esta

blis

hro

les

and

res

pon

sib

ilitie

sof

all

par

ticip

ants

ine

pid

emio

log

ic

activ

ities

1.

N/A

VI.

Skill

Do

mai

n—Fi

nanc

ial

and

Op

erat

iona

l P

lann

ing

and

Man

agem

ent

(Op

erat

iona

l P

lann

ing

, Fi

nanc

ial

Pla

nnin

g,

and

Man

agem

ent

Skill

s) (

cont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

2.

N/A

2.

C

omm

unic

ate

role

/res

pon

sib

ility

ex

pec

tatio

nsc

lear

lyt

oal

ltea

m

mem

ber

s

2.

Com

mun

icat

ero

le/r

esp

onsi

bili

ty

exp

ecta

tions

cle

arly

to

alls

taff

2.

N/A

3.

N/A

3.

A

sses

sp

erfo

rman

ceo

fte

am

mem

ber

sas

the

yca

rry

out

thei

rre

spon

sib

ilitie

s

3.

Ass

ess

per

form

ance

of

team

m

emb

ers

ast

hey

carr

you

tth

eir

resp

onsi

bili

ties

3.

N/A

4.

N/A

4.

C

oach

tea

mm

emb

ers

asn

eed

ed

int

hep

erfo

rman

ceo

fth

eir

resp

onsi

bili

ties

4.

Coa

cht

eam

mem

ber

sas

nee

ded

in

the

per

form

ance

of

thei

rre

spon

sib

ilitie

s

4.

N/A

5.

N/A

5.

N

/A

5.

Rep

rese

nte

pid

emio

log

yp

rog

ram

on

the

pub

lich

ealth

ag

ency

m

anag

emen

tte

am

5.

N/A

F.

Use

ski

llst

hat

fost

erc

olla

bo

rati

ons

,st

rong

par

tner

ship

s,a

ndt

eam

b

uild

ing

to

acc

om

plis

hep

idem

iolo

gy

pro

gra

mo

bje

ctiv

es

F.

Use

ski

llst

hat

fost

erc

olla

bo

rati

ons

,st

rong

par

tner

ship

s,a

ndt

eam

b

uild

ing

to

acc

om

plis

hep

idem

iolo

gy

pro

gra

mo

bje

ctiv

es

F.

Pro

mo

tec

olla

bo

rati

ons

,st

rong

p

artn

ersh

ips,

and

tea

mb

uild

ing

to

ac

com

plis

hep

idem

iolo

gy

pro

gra

m

ob

ject

ives

F.

Use

ski

llst

hat

fost

erc

olla

bo

rati

ons

,st

rong

par

tner

ship

s,a

ndt

eam

b

uild

ing

to

acc

om

plis

hep

idem

iolo

gy

pro

gra

mo

bje

ctiv

es

1.

Sup

por

tco

llab

orat

ive

rela

tions

hip

sw

ithk

eyp

erso

nnel

of

othe

rag

enci

esr

elev

ant

tot

hep

artic

ular

ep

idem

iolo

gic

act

ivity

1.

Bui

ldc

olla

bor

ativ

ere

latio

nshi

ps

with

key

per

sonn

elo

fot

her

agen

cies

rel

evan

tto

the

par

ticul

ar

epid

emio

log

ica

ctiv

ity

1.

Ensu

red

evel

opm

ent

of

colla

bor

ativ

ere

latio

nshi

ps

with

key

p

erso

nnel

of

othe

rp

rog

ram

san

d

agen

cies

rel

evan

tto

the

par

ticul

ar

epid

emio

log

ica

ctiv

ity

1.

Bui

ldc

olla

bor

ativ

ere

latio

nshi

ps

with

key

per

sonn

elo

fot

her

agen

cies

rel

evan

tto

the

par

ticul

ar

epid

emio

log

ica

ctiv

ity

2.

Wor

kw

ellw

itho

ther

ep

idem

iolo

gy

pro

ject

tea

mm

emb

ers

ofv

arie

d

bac

kgro

und

san

de

duc

atio

n

2.

Wor

kw

ellw

itho

ther

ep

idem

iolo

gy

pro

ject

tea

mm

emb

ers

ofv

arie

d

bac

kgro

und

san

de

duc

atio

n

2.

Lead

ep

idem

iolo

gy

pro

ject

tea

m

mem

ber

sof

var

ied

bac

kgro

und

san

de

duc

atio

nin

wor

king

co

llab

orat

ivel

yan

de

ffect

ivel

yto

get

her

2.

Wor

kw

ellw

itho

ther

ep

idem

iolo

gy

pro

ject

tea

mm

emb

ers

ofv

arie

d

bac

kgro

und

san

de

duc

atio

n

3.

N/A

3.

C

larif

yro

les

and

res

pon

sib

ilitie

sof

al

lpar

ticip

ants

ine

pid

emio

log

ic

activ

ities

3.

Ove

rsee

dev

elop

men

tof

cle

ar

role

san

dr

esp

onsi

bili

ties

ofa

llp

artic

ipan

tsin

ep

idem

iolo

gic

ac

tiviti

es

3.

Cla

rify

role

san

dr

esp

onsi

bili

ties

of

allp

artic

ipan

tsin

ep

idem

iolo

gic

ac

tiviti

es

VI.

Skill

Do

mai

n—Fi

nanc

ial

and

Op

erat

iona

l P

lann

ing

and

Man

agem

ent

(Op

erat

iona

l P

lann

ing

, Fi

nanc

ial

Pla

nnin

g,

and

Man

agem

ent

Skill

s) (

cont

inue

d)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

A.

N/A

A

.Su

pp

ort

the

ep

idem

iolo

gic

p

ersp

ecti

vei

nth

eag

ency

str

ateg

ic

pla

nnin

gp

roce

ss

A.

Pro

mo

tet

hee

pid

emio

log

ic

per

spec

tive

in

the

agen

cys

trat

egic

p

lann

ing

pro

cess

A.

Pro

mo

tet

hee

pid

emio

log

ic

per

spec

tive

in

the

agen

cys

trat

egic

p

lann

ing

pro

cess

B.

Sup

po

rtt

heo

rgan

izat

ion’

svi

sio

nin

al

lp

rog

ram

san

da

ctiv

itie

sB

.P

rom

ote

the

org

aniz

atio

n’s

visi

on

in

all

pro

gra

ms

and

act

ivit

ies

B.

Lead

the

cre

atio

no

fep

idem

iolo

gy

pro

gra

m’s

vis

ion

int

hec

ont

ext

of

the

agen

cy’s

pla

n

B.

Pro

mo

tet

heo

rgan

izat

ion’

svi

sio

nin

al

lp

rog

ram

san

da

ctiv

itie

s

1.

Sup

por

tst

rate

gic

pla

n1.

A

ssis

tin

str

ateg

icp

lann

ing

1.

D

evel

ops

trat

egic

pla

n1.

A

ssis

tin

str

ateg

icp

lann

ing

a.

N/A

b

.N

/A

c.

N/A

d

.N

/A

e.

N/A

a.

Des

crib

ep

roce

ssf

or

org

aniz

atio

nals

trat

egic

pla

nnin

g

b.

Iden

tify

inte

rnal

and

ext

erna

lis

sues

tha

tm

ayim

pac

td

eliv

ery

ofe

ssen

tialp

ublic

hea

lth

serv

ices

(com

pet

ency

fro

m

Cou

ncil

onL

inka

ges

)c.

Fa

cilit

ate

colla

bor

atio

nw

ith

inte

rnal

and

ext

erna

lgro

ups

toe

nsur

ep

artic

ipat

ion

ofk

ey

stak

ehol

der

s(c

omp

eten

cyf

rom

C

ounc

ilon

Lin

kag

es)

d.

Part

icip

ate

int

hed

evel

opm

ent

ofs

trat

egic

prio

ritie

san

d

asso

ciat

eda

ctio

np

lans

e.

N

/A

a.

Dev

elop

pro

cess

for

ep

idem

iolo

gic

str

ateg

icp

lann

ing

w

ithin

ag

ency

vis

ion

b.

Eval

uate

inte

rnal

and

ext

erna

lis

sues

tha

tm

ayim

pac

td

eliv

ery

ofe

ssen

tialp

ublic

hea

lth

serv

ices

c.

D

irect

col

lab

orat

ion

with

inte

rnal

an

de

xter

nalg

roup

sto

ens

ure

par

ticip

atio

nof

key

sta

keho

lder

sd

.D

evel

ops

trat

egic

prio

ritie

san

d

asso

ciat

eda

ctio

np

lans

e.

En

sure

tha

tre

sear

cha

gen

da

is

cons

iste

ntw

ithb

udg

etr

esou

rces

an

dw

iths

trat

egic

pla

n

a.

Des

crib

ep

roce

ssf

or

org

aniz

atio

nals

trat

egic

pla

nnin

g

b.

Iden

tify

inte

rnal

and

ext

erna

lis

sues

tha

tm

ayim

pac

td

eliv

ery

ofe

ssen

tialp

ublic

hea

lth

serv

ices

(com

pet

ency

fro

m

Cou

ncil

onL

inka

ges

)c.

Fa

cilit

ate

colla

bor

atio

nw

ith

inte

rnal

and

ext

erna

lgro

ups

toe

nsur

ep

artic

ipat

ion

ofk

ey

stak

ehol

der

s(c

omp

eten

cyf

rom

C

ounc

ilon

Lin

kag

es)

d.

Part

icip

ate

int

hed

evel

opm

ent

ofs

trat

egic

prio

ritie

san

d

asso

ciat

eda

ctio

np

lans

e.

C

reat

ere

sear

cha

gen

da

for

pro

gra

ma

reas

of

resp

onsi

bili

ty

for

inco

rpor

atio

nin

tos

trat

egic

p

lan

2.

Sup

por

tch

ang

e2.

Im

ple

men

tch

ang

e2.

Im

ple

men

tch

ang

e2.

Im

ple

men

tch

ang

e

a.

Dem

onst

rate

ind

ivid

uals

kills

ne

cess

ary

toim

ple

men

tch

ang

e,

incl

udin

ga

bili

tyt

osu

pp

ort

chan

ge

b.

Dem

onst

rate

ab

ility

to

func

tion

asm

emb

ero

fa

team

dur

ing

ch

ang

ep

roce

sses

c.

N

/A

a.

Dem

onst

rate

ind

ivid

uals

kills

ne

cess

ary

toim

ple

men

tch

ang

e,

incl

udin

ga

bili

tyt

osu

pp

ort

chan

ge

b.

Dem

onst

rate

ab

ility

to

func

tion

asm

emb

ero

fa

team

dur

ing

ch

ang

ep

roce

sses

c.

Pa

rtic

ipat

ein

mon

itorin

ga

nd

sust

aini

ngo

rgan

izat

iona

lcha

nge

a.

Dem

onst

rate

ind

ivid

uals

kills

ne

cess

ary

toim

ple

men

tch

ang

e,

incl

udin

ga

bili

tyt

osu

pp

ort

chan

ge

b.

Dem

onst

rate

ab

ility

to

lead

te

ams

dur

ing

cha

nge

pro

cess

es

c.

Mon

itor

and

sus

tain

or

gan

izat

iona

lcha

nge

a.

Dem

onst

rate

ind

ivid

uals

kills

ne

cess

ary

toim

ple

men

tch

ang

e,

incl

udin

ga

bili

tyt

osu

pp

ort

chan

ge

b.

Dem

onst

rate

ab

ility

to

func

tion

asm

emb

ero

fa

team

dur

ing

ch

ang

ep

roce

sses

c.

Pa

rtic

ipat

ein

mon

itorin

ga

nd

sust

aini

ngo

rgan

izat

iona

lcha

nge

VII.

Ski

ll D

om

ain—

Lead

ersh

ip a

nd S

yste

ms

Thin

king

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

C.

Use

per

form

ance

mea

sure

sto

im

pro

vee

pid

emio

log

yp

rog

ram

ef

fect

iven

ess

C.

Use

per

form

ance

mea

sure

sto

ev

alua

tea

ndi

mp

rove

ep

idem

iolo

gy

pro

gra

me

ffec

tive

ness

C.

Use

per

form

ance

mea

sure

sto

ev

alua

tea

ndi

mp

rove

ep

idem

iolo

gy

pro

gra

me

ffec

tive

ness

C.

Use

per

form

ance

mea

sure

sto

ev

alua

tea

ndi

mp

rove

ep

idem

iolo

gy

pro

gra

me

ffec

tive

ness

1.

Con

trib

ute

toim

ple

men

tatio

nan

dm

onito

ring

of

org

aniz

atio

nal

per

form

ance

mea

sure

sth

at

dem

onst

rate

pro

gra

me

ffect

iven

ess

1.

Con

trib

ute

tod

evel

opm

ent,

im

ple

men

tatio

n,a

ndm

onito

ring

of

org

aniz

atio

nalp

erfo

rman

ce

mea

sure

sth

atd

emon

stra

te

pro

gra

me

ffect

iven

ess

1.

Dev

elop

,im

ple

men

t,a

ndm

onito

ror

gan

izat

iona

lper

form

ance

m

easu

res

that

dem

onst

rate

pro

gra

m

effe

ctiv

enes

s

1.

Con

trib

ute

tod

evel

opm

ent,

im

ple

men

tatio

n,a

ndm

onito

ring

of

org

aniz

atio

nalp

erfo

rman

ce

mea

sure

sth

atd

emon

stra

te

pro

gra

me

ffect

iven

ess

a.

Dem

onst

rate

kno

wle

dg

eof

p

erfo

rman

cem

easu

res

b.

N/A

c.

N

/A

d.

Ad

opt

and

imp

lem

ent

per

form

ance

mea

sure

se.

N

/A

f.Ta

kea

ctio

nto

imp

rove

pro

gra

m

per

form

ance

a.

Dem

onst

rate

kno

wle

dg

eof

p

erfo

rman

cem

easu

res

b.

Lead

pro

cess

to

dev

elop

ne

wp

erfo

rman

cem

easu

res

ifne

cess

ary

c.

Ass

ist

inc

reat

ing

pla

nfo

rim

ple

men

ting

per

form

ance

m

easu

res

d.

Ad

opt

and

imp

lem

ent

per

form

ance

mea

sure

se.

Ev

alua

ter

esul

tso

fp

erfo

rman

ce

mea

sure

s’im

ple

men

tatio

nf.

Take

act

ion

toim

pro

vep

rog

ram

p

erfo

rman

ce

a.

Syst

emat

ize

exis

ting

or

gan

izat

iona

lper

form

ance

m

easu

res

b.

Lead

pro

cess

to

dev

elop

ne

wp

erfo

rman

cem

easu

res

ifne

cess

ary

c.

Cre

ate

pla

nfo

rim

ple

men

ting

p

erfo

rman

cem

easu

res

d.

Lead

tea

min

imp

lem

entin

g

per

form

ance

mea

sure

se.

Ev

alua

ter

esul

tso

fp

erfo

rman

ce

mea

sure

s’im

ple

men

tatio

nf.

Take

act

ion

toim

pro

vep

rog

ram

p

erfo

rman

ce

a.

Dem

onst

rate

kno

wle

dg

eof

p

erfo

rman

cem

easu

res

b.

N/A

c.

A

ssis

tin

cre

atin

gp

lan

for

imp

lem

entin

gp

erfo

rman

ce

mea

sure

sd

.A

dop

tan

dim

ple

men

tp

erfo

rman

cem

easu

res

e.

N/A

f.

Take

act

ion

toim

pro

vep

rog

ram

p

erfo

rman

ce

D.

Pro

mo

tee

thic

alc

ond

uct

in

epid

emio

log

icp

ract

ice

D.

Pro

mo

tee

thic

alc

ond

uct

in

epid

emio

log

icp

ract

ice

D.

Pro

mo

tee

thic

alc

ond

uct

in

epid

emio

log

icp

ract

ice

D.

Pro

mo

tee

thic

alc

ond

uct

in

epid

emio

log

icp

ract

ice

1.

Dem

onst

rate

eth

ical

con

duc

tin

per

sona

lbeh

avio

ran

d

epid

emio

log

icp

ract

ice

1.

Dem

onst

rate

eth

ical

con

duc

tin

per

sona

lbeh

avio

ran

d

epid

emio

log

icp

ract

ice

1.

Dem

onst

rate

eth

ical

con

duc

tin

per

sona

lbeh

avio

ran

d

epid

emio

log

icp

ract

ice

1.

Dem

onst

rate

eth

ical

con

duc

tin

p

erso

nalb

ehav

ior

2.

Prom

ote

ethi

calc

ond

uct

in

org

aniz

atio

n’s

pol

icie

san

d

pra

ctic

es,

incl

udin

ge

mp

hasi

son

ad

dre

ssin

gh

ealth

dis

par

ities

2.

Prom

ote

ethi

calc

ond

uct

in

org

aniz

atio

n’s

pol

icie

san

d

pra

ctic

es,

incl

udin

ge

mp

hasi

son

ad

dre

ssin

gh

ealth

dis

par

ities

2.

Prom

ote

ethi

calc

ond

uct

in

org

aniz

atio

n’s

pol

icie

san

dp

ract

ices

,in

clud

ing

em

pha

sis

ona

dd

ress

ing

he

alth

dis

par

ities

2.

Prom

ote

ethi

calc

ond

uct

in

org

aniz

atio

n’s

pol

icie

san

d

pra

ctic

es,

incl

udin

ge

mp

hasi

son

ad

dre

ssin

gh

ealth

dis

par

ities

3.

N/A

3.

M

ake

exp

ecta

tions

of

ethi

cal

cond

uct

clea

rto

tea

mm

emb

ers

3.

Mak

eex

pec

tatio

nso

fet

hica

lco

nduc

tcl

ear

tot

eam

mem

ber

s3.

M

ake

exp

ecta

tions

of

ethi

cal

cond

uct

clea

rto

tea

mm

emb

ers

4.

Follo

wo

rgan

izat

ion’

sp

olic

ies

and

p

ract

ices

rel

ated

to

ethi

calc

ond

uct

4.

Follo

wo

rgan

izat

ion’

sp

olic

ies

and

p

ract

ices

rel

ated

to

ethi

calc

ond

uct

4.

Enfo

rce

org

aniz

atio

n’s

pol

icie

san

d

pra

ctic

esr

elat

edt

oet

hica

lcon

duc

t4.

N

/A

VII.

Ski

ll D

om

ain—

Lead

ersh

ip a

nd S

yste

ms

Thin

king

(co

ntin

ued

)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

E.

Pra

ctic

ep

rofe

ssio

nal

dev

elo

pm

ent

E.

Pro

mo

tew

ork

forc

ed

evel

op

men

tE

.E

nsur

ep

rofe

ssio

nal

dev

elo

pm

ent

of

epid

emio

log

yw

ork

forc

eE

.P

rom

ote

wo

rkfo

rce

dev

elo

pm

ent

1.

N/A

1.

O

rgan

ize

team

with

ski

lls

nece

ssar

yto

con

duc

thi

gh-

leve

lep

idem

iolo

gic

ana

lyse

s

1.

Ass

emb

let

eam

sw

ithn

eces

sary

sk

ills

toc

ond

uct

ara

nge

of

epid

emio

log

icf

unct

ions

1.

Org

aniz

ete

amw

iths

kills

ne

cess

ary

toc

ond

uct

hig

h-le

vel

epid

emio

log

ica

naly

ses

a.

N/A

b

.N

/A

c.

N/A

d

.N

/A

e.

N/A

f.

N/A

g

.N

/A

h.

N/A

a.

Ass

ess

skill

san

da

bili

ties

need

edt

op

erfo

rmh

igh-

leve

lep

idem

iolo

gic

ana

lyse

sb

.Ev

alua

tec

urre

nta

gen

cys

taff

to

det

erm

ine

whe

ther

ind

ivid

uals

w

ithn

eed

eds

kills

and

ab

ilitie

sar

ep

rese

nt

c.

N/A

d

.N

/A

e.

Coo

rdin

ate

with

ag

ency

m

anag

emen

tto

rec

ruit

ind

ivid

uals

with

nee

ded

ski

llsif

ne

cess

ary

f.C

olla

bor

ate

with

ext

erna

lor

gan

izat

ions

to

obta

in

assi

stan

cew

ithn

eed

ed

anal

ytic

als

upp

ort

ifne

cess

ary

g.

Ensu

ret

hat

team

sw

ith

nece

ssar

ysk

ills

toc

ond

uct

ara

nge

ofe

pid

emio

log

ic

func

tions

are

inco

rpor

ated

into

w

ork

pla

nsa

ndt

hew

orkf

orce

h.

Pr

ovid

eco

achi

ngt

ost

aff

per

form

ing

ep

idem

iolo

gic

an

alys

es

a.

Ass

ess

skill

san

da

bili

ties

need

edt

op

erfo

rmh

igh-

leve

lep

idem

iolo

gic

ana

lyse

sb

.Ev

alua

tec

urre

nta

gen

cys

taff

to

det

erm

ine

whe

ther

ind

ivid

uals

w

ithn

eed

eds

kills

and

ab

ilitie

sar

ep

rese

nt

c.

Ass

ess

wor

kfor

ce,

wor

kpla

ce,

and

oth

eris

sues

tha

tim

pac

tre

crui

tmen

td

.D

evel

opr

ecru

itmen

tp

lans

tha

tad

dre

ssid

entifi

edis

sues

e.

C

oord

inat

ew

itha

gen

cy

man

agem

ent

tor

ecru

itin

div

idua

lsw

ithn

eed

eds

kills

if

nece

ssar

yf.

Col

lab

orat

ew

ithe

xter

nal

org

aniz

atio

nst

oob

tain

as

sist

ance

with

nee

ded

ana

lytic

al

sup

por

tif

nece

ssar

yg

.En

sure

tha

tte

ams

with

ne

cess

ary

skill

sto

con

duc

ta

rang

eof

ep

idem

iolo

gic

fun

ctio

ns

are

inco

rpor

ated

into

wor

kp

lans

an

dt

hew

orkf

orce

h.

Pr

ovid

eco

achi

ngt

ost

aff

per

form

ing

ep

idem

iolo

gic

an

alys

es

a.

Ass

ess

skill

san

da

bili

ties

need

edt

op

erfo

rmh

igh-

leve

lep

idem

iolo

gic

ana

lyse

sb

.Ev

alua

tec

urre

nta

gen

cys

taff

to

det

erm

ine

whe

ther

ind

ivid

uals

w

ithn

eed

eds

kills

and

ab

ilitie

sar

ep

rese

nt

c.

N/A

d

.N

/A

e.

Coo

rdin

ate

with

ag

ency

m

anag

emen

tto

rec

ruit

ind

ivid

uals

with

nee

ded

ski

llsif

ne

cess

ary

f.C

olla

bor

ate

with

ext

erna

lor

gan

izat

ions

to

obta

in

assi

stan

cew

ithn

eed

ed

anal

ytic

als

upp

ort

ifne

cess

ary

g.

N/A

h.

Pr

ovid

eco

achi

ngt

ost

aff

per

form

ing

ep

idem

iolo

gic

an

alys

es

VII.

Ski

ll D

om

ain—

Lead

ersh

ip a

nd S

yste

ms

Thin

king

(co

ntin

ued

)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

2.

Part

icip

ate

ino

ngoi

ngt

eam

le

arni

ng

2.

Prom

ote

ong

oing

tea

mle

arni

ng

2.

Enab

leo

ngoi

ngt

eam

lear

ning

2.

Pr

omot

eon

goi

ngt

eam

lear

ning

a.

N/A

b

.N

/A

c.

N/A

d

.N

/A

e.

Ass

ess

per

sona

led

ucat

iona

lan

dt

rain

ing

nee

ds,

and

see

kad

diti

onal

ed

ucat

ion

and

tr

aini

nga

sne

cess

ary

a.

Ass

ess

the

pro

ficie

ncy

oft

eam

m

emb

ers’

ski

llsa

gai

nst

stan

dar

d

com

pet

ency

set

sb

.Id

entif

yp

rofe

ssio

nal

dev

elop

men

top

por

tuni

ties

for

team

mem

ber

sc.

A

dju

stw

orkl

oad

of

team

m

emb

ers

asn

eces

sary

to

ena

ble

par

ticip

atio

nin

p

rofe

ssio

nald

evel

opm

ent

opp

ortu

nitie

sd

.En

cour

age

team

mem

ber

sto

ta

kea

dva

ntag

eof

dev

elop

men

top

por

tuni

ties

e.

Ass

ess

per

sona

led

ucat

iona

lan

dt

rain

ing

nee

ds,

and

see

kad

diti

onal

ed

ucat

ion

and

tr

aini

nga

sne

cess

ary

a.

Ass

ess

the

pro

ficie

ncy

oft

eam

m

emb

ers’

ski

llsa

gai

nst

stan

dar

d

com

pet

ency

set

sb

.Id

entif

yp

rofe

ssio

nal

dev

elop

men

top

por

tuni

ties

for

team

mem

ber

sc.

A

dju

stw

orkl

oad

of

team

m

emb

ers

asn

eces

sary

to

enab

le

par

ticip

atio

nin

pro

fess

iona

ld

evel

opm

ent

opp

ortu

nitie

sd

.Pr

ovid

ere

sour

ces

for

team

m

emb

ers

tot

ake

adva

ntag

eof

d

evel

opm

ent

opp

ortu

nitie

se.

A

sses

sp

erso

nale

duc

atio

nal

and

tra

inin

gn

eed

s,a

nds

eek

add

ition

ale

duc

atio

nan

d

trai

ning

as

nece

ssar

y

a.

Ass

ess

the

pro

ficie

ncy

oft

eam

m

emb

ers’

ski

llsa

gai

nst

stan

dar

d

com

pet

ency

set

sb

.Id

entif

yp

rofe

ssio

nal

dev

elop

men

top

por

tuni

ties

for

team

mem

ber

sc.

N

/A

d.

Enco

urag

ete

amm

emb

ers

to

take

ad

vant

age

ofd

evel

opm

ent

opp

ortu

nitie

se.

A

sses

sp

erso

nale

duc

atio

nal

and

tra

inin

gn

eed

s,a

nds

eek

add

ition

ale

duc

atio

nan

d

trai

ning

as

nece

ssar

y

3.

N/A

3.

Re

tain

ep

idem

iolo

gy

staf

f3.

Re

tain

ep

idem

iolo

gy

staf

f3.

N

/A

a.

N/A

b

.N

/A

c.

N/A

a.

Ass

ess

issu

esa

ffect

ing

w

orkf

orce

ret

entio

nb

.Ev

alua

tes

trat

egie

sto

imp

rove

w

orkf

orce

ret

entio

nc.

D

evel

ops

trat

egie

sto

ret

ain

staf

fco

nsis

tent

with

ag

ency

hu

man

res

ourc

ere

tent

ion

stra

teg

ies

a.

Ass

ess

issu

esa

ffect

ing

wor

kfor

ce

rete

ntio

nb

.Ev

alua

tes

trat

egie

sto

imp

rove

w

orkf

orce

ret

entio

nc.

D

evel

ops

trat

egie

sto

ret

ain

staf

fco

nsis

tent

with

ag

ency

hum

an

reso

urce

ret

entio

nst

rate

gie

s

a.

N/A

b

.N

/A

c.

N/A

VII.

Ski

ll D

om

ain—

Lead

ersh

ip a

nd S

yste

ms

Thin

king

(co

ntin

ued

)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

F.

Pre

par

efo

rem

erg

ency

res

po

nse

F.

Pre

par

efo

rem

erg

ency

res

po

nse

F.

Lead

ep

idem

iolo

gy

unit

in

pre

par

ing

fo

rem

erg

ency

res

po

nse

F.

Pre

par

efo

rem

erg

ency

res

po

nse

1.

N/A

1.

Pr

esen

tep

idem

iolo

gic

per

spec

tive

ind

evel

opm

ent

ofa

gen

cy

emer

gen

cyr

esp

onse

pla

n

1.

Pres

ent

epid

emio

log

icp

ersp

ectiv

ein

dev

elop

men

tof

ag

ency

em

erg

ency

res

pon

sep

lan

1.

N/A

2.

N/A

2.

Pa

rtic

ipat

ein

em

erg

ency

res

pon

se

pla

nnin

gf

ore

pid

emio

log

yun

it2.

Le

ade

mer

gen

cyr

esp

onse

pla

nnin

g

for

epid

emio

log

yun

it2.

Pa

rtic

ipat

ein

em

erg

ency

res

pon

se

pla

nnin

gf

ore

pid

emio

log

yun

it

a.

Be

fam

iliar

with

the

ep

idem

iolo

gy

sect

ion

of

emer

gen

cyr

esp

onse

pla

nb

.N

/A

c.

N/A

d

.Pa

rtic

ipat

ein

reg

ular

exe

rcis

es

and

/or

dril

lso

fal

lpar

tso

fem

erg

ency

res

pon

se

e.

N/A

f.

Ob

tain

nec

essa

ryc

ontin

uing

ed

ucat

ion

tor

esp

ond

to

emer

gen

cies

a.

Part

icip

ate

int

hed

evel

opm

ent

ofa

writ

ten

epid

emio

log

yse

ctio

nin

the

ag

ency

’sor

ag

ency

uni

t’se

mer

gen

cy

resp

onse

pla

n,in

clud

ing

co

ntin

uity

of

agen

cyo

per

atio

ns

b.

Com

mun

icat

eep

idem

iolo

gic

in

form

atio

n,r

oles

,ca

pac

ities

,an

dle

gal

aut

horit

yto

all

emer

gen

cyr

esp

onse

par

tner

sc.

M

aint

ain

reg

ular

com

mun

icat

ion

with

em

erg

ency

res

pon

se

par

tner

sd

.Pa

rtic

ipat

ein

reg

ular

exe

rcis

es

and

/or

dril

lso

fal

lpar

tso

fem

erg

ency

res

pon

se

e.

Part

icip

ate

int

hee

valu

atio

nof

em

erg

ency

res

pon

see

xerc

ises

an

d/o

rd

rills

(or

actu

alr

esp

onse

)f.

Ensu

ret

hat

staf

fre

ceiv

ene

cess

ary

cont

inui

nge

duc

atio

nto

res

pon

dt

oem

erg

enci

es

a.

Ensu

ret

hat

the

agen

cy(o

rag

ency

uni

t)ha

sa

writ

ten

epid

emio

log

yse

ctio

nin

the

ag

ency

’sor

ag

ency

uni

t’s

emer

gen

cyr

esp

onse

pla

n,

incl

udin

gc

ontin

uity

of

agen

cy

oper

atio

ns

b.

Ensu

rec

omm

unic

atio

nof

ep

i-d

emio

log

icin

form

atio

n,r

oles

,ca

pac

ities

,an

dle

gal

aut

horit

yto

al

lem

erg

ency

res

pon

sep

artn

ers

c.

Ensu

rer

egul

arc

omm

unic

atio

nw

ithe

mer

gen

cyr

esp

onse

p

artn

ers

d.

Lead

ep

idem

iolo

gy

unit’

sp

artic

ipat

ion

inr

egul

are

xerc

ises

an

d/o

rd

rills

of

allp

arts

of

emer

gen

cyr

esp

onse

e.

Ev

alua

tet

hep

artic

ipat

ion

oft

he

epid

emio

log

yun

itin

em

erg

ency

re

spon

see

xerc

ises

and

/or

dril

ls

(or

actu

alr

esp

onse

)f.

Ensu

ret

hat

staf

fre

ceiv

ene

cess

ary

cont

inui

nge

duc

atio

nto

res

pon

dt

oem

erg

enci

es

a.

Part

icip

ate

int

hed

evel

opm

ent

ofa

writ

ten

epid

emio

log

yse

ctio

nin

the

ag

ency

’sor

ag

ency

uni

t’se

mer

gen

cy

resp

onse

pla

n,in

clud

ing

co

ntin

uity

of

agen

cyo

per

atio

ns

b.

Com

mun

icat

eep

idem

iolo

gic

in

form

atio

n,r

oles

,ca

pac

ities

,an

dle

gal

aut

horit

yto

all

emer

gen

cyr

esp

onse

par

tner

sc.

M

aint

ain

reg

ular

com

mun

icat

ion

with

em

erg

ency

res

pon

se

par

tner

sd

.Pa

rtic

ipat

ein

reg

ular

exe

rcis

es

and

/or

dril

lso

fal

lpar

tso

fem

erg

ency

res

pon

se

e.

Part

icip

ate

int

hee

valu

atio

nof

em

erg

ency

res

pon

see

xerc

ises

an

d/o

rd

rills

(or

actu

alr

esp

onse

)f.

Ob

tain

nec

essa

ryc

ontin

uing

ed

ucat

ion

tor

esp

ond

to

emer

gen

cies

3.

Resp

ond

to

pub

lich

ealth

em

erg

enci

es

3.

Resp

ond

to

pub

lich

ealth

em

erg

enci

es

3.

Lead

ep

idem

iolo

gic

res

pon

set

op

ublic

hea

lthe

mer

gen

cies

3.

Re

spon

dt

op

ublic

hea

lth

emer

gen

cies

a.

Ad

here

to

ind

ivid

ual’s

rol

ein

in

cid

ent

com

man

da

ndin

cid

ent

man

agem

ent

b.

Mai

ntai

nre

gul

arc

omm

unic

atio

nw

ithp

artn

erp

rofe

ssio

nals

in

othe

rag

enci

esin

volv

edin

em

erg

ency

res

pon

se

a.

Ad

here

to

ind

ivid

ual’s

rol

ein

in

cid

ent

com

man

da

ndin

cid

ent

man

agem

ent

b.

Mai

ntai

nre

gul

arc

omm

unic

atio

nw

ithp

artn

erp

rofe

ssio

nals

in

othe

rag

enci

esin

volv

edin

em

erg

ency

res

pon

se

a.

Ensu

ret

hat

epid

emio

log

yst

aff

adhe

ret

oth

eir

role

sin

in

cid

ent

com

man

da

ndin

cid

ent

man

agem

ent

b.

Ensu

ret

hat

reg

ular

co

mm

unic

atio

nis

mai

ntai

ned

w

ithp

artn

erp

rofe

ssio

nals

in

othe

rag

enci

esin

volv

edin

em

erg

ency

res

pon

se

a.

Ad

here

to

ind

ivid

ual’s

rol

ein

in

cid

ent

com

man

da

ndin

cid

ent

man

agem

ent

b.

Mai

ntai

nre

gul

arc

omm

unic

atio

nw

ithp

artn

erp

rofe

ssio

nals

in

othe

rag

enci

esin

volv

edin

em

erg

ency

res

pon

se

VII.

Ski

ll D

om

ain—

Lead

ersh

ip a

nd S

yste

ms

Thin

king

(co

ntin

ued

)

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

A.

Sup

po

rtt

hea

pp

licat

ion

of

epid

emio

log

ick

now

led

ge

tot

he

dev

elo

pm

ent

and

ana

lysi

so

fp

ublic

he

alth

po

licie

s

A.

Bri

nge

pid

emio

log

icp

ersp

ecti

vei

nth

ed

evel

op

men

tan

da

naly

sis

of

pub

lich

ealt

hp

olic

ies

A.

Bri

nge

pid

emio

log

icp

ersp

ecti

vei

nth

ed

evel

op

men

tan

da

naly

sis

of

pub

lich

ealt

hp

olic

ies

A.

Bri

nge

pid

emio

log

icp

ersp

ecti

vei

nth

ed

evel

op

men

tan

da

naly

sis

of

pub

lich

ealt

hp

olic

ies

1.

Des

crib

eho

wp

olic

yd

ecis

ions

are

m

ade

with

int

hea

gen

cy

1.

Dem

onst

rate

und

erst

and

ing

of

pub

lich

ealth

pol

icie

san

d

pol

icy

dev

elop

men

tfr

oma

nep

idem

iolo

gic

per

spec

tive

1.

Eval

uate

pub

lich

ealth

pol

icie

san

dp

olic

yd

evel

opm

ent

from

an

epid

emio

log

icp

ersp

ectiv

e

1.

Dem

onst

rate

und

erst

and

ing

of

pub

lich

ealth

pol

icie

san

d

pol

icy

dev

elop

men

tfr

oma

nep

idem

iolo

gic

per

spec

tive

a.

N/A

b

.N

/A

c.

Prov

ide

epid

emio

log

ica

nd

evid

ence

-bas

edin

form

atio

nan

dd

ata

int

hed

evel

opm

ent

ofn

ewp

olic

ies,

incl

udin

gd

ata

that

dem

onst

rate

the

nee

df

or

chan

ge

ine

xist

ing

pol

icie

sd

.A

ssis

tin

cre

atin

gd

ecis

ion

mem

ost

hat

outli

nep

olic

yal

tern

ativ

esa

ndf

acili

tate

sc

ient

ifica

llys

ound

dec

isio

n-m

akin

g

a.

Des

crib

eb

read

tha

ndli

mita

tions

of

exi

stin

gr

egul

atio

nsa

nd

law

sat

ag

ency

,lo

cal,

stat

e,

and

fed

eral

leve

lst

hat

affe

ct

epid

emio

log

ica

ctiv

ities

b

.D

emon

stra

tet

od

ecis

ion-

mak

ers

the

valu

eof

ep

idem

iolo

gy

and

oth

ere

vid

ence

-bas

ed

info

rmat

ion

ind

evel

opin

gp

olic

yc.

Pr

ovid

eep

idem

iolo

gic

and

ev

iden

ce-b

ased

info

rmat

ion

and

dat

ain

the

dev

elop

men

tof

new

pol

icie

s,in

clud

ing

dat

ath

atd

emon

stra

tet

hen

eed

for

ch

ang

ein

exi

stin

gp

olic

ies

d.

Part

icip

ate

inc

reat

ing

dec

isio

nm

emos

tha

tou

tline

pol

icy

alte

rnat

ives

and

fac

ilita

te

scie

ntifi

cally

sou

ndd

ecis

ion-

mak

ing

a.

Exam

ine

bre

adth

and

lim

itatio

ns

ofe

xist

ing

reg

ulat

ions

and

la

ws

ata

gen

cy,

loca

l,st

ate,

an

df

eder

alle

vels

tha

taf

fect

ep

idem

iolo

gic

act

iviti

es

b.

Just

ifyt

heu

seo

fep

idem

iolo

gy

and

oth

ere

vid

ence

-bas

ed

info

rmat

ion

ind

evel

opin

gp

olic

yc.

Sy

nthe

size

ep

idem

iolo

gic

and

ev

iden

ce-b

ased

info

rmat

ion

and

d

ata

for

pre

sent

atio

nto

pol

icy

mak

ers

d.

Cre

ate

dec

isio

nm

emos

tha

tou

tline

pol

icy

alte

rnat

ives

and

fa

cilit

ate

scie

ntifi

cally

sou

nd

dec

isio

n-m

akin

g

a.

Des

crib

eb

read

tha

ndli

mita

tions

of

exi

stin

gr

egul

atio

nsa

nd

law

sat

ag

ency

,lo

cal,

stat

e,

and

fed

eral

leve

lst

hat

affe

ct

epid

emio

log

ica

ctiv

ities

b

.D

emon

stra

tet

od

ecis

ion-

mak

ers

the

valu

eof

ep

idem

iolo

gy

and

oth

ere

vid

ence

-bas

ed

info

rmat

ion

ind

evel

opin

gp

olic

yc.

Pr

ovid

eep

idem

iolo

gic

and

ev

iden

ce-b

ased

info

rmat

ion

and

dat

ain

the

dev

elop

men

tof

new

pol

icie

s,in

clud

ing

dat

ath

atd

emon

stra

tet

hen

eed

for

ch

ang

ein

exi

stin

gp

olic

ies

d.

Part

icip

ate

inc

reat

ing

dec

isio

nm

emos

tha

tou

tline

pol

icy

alte

rnat

ives

and

fac

ilita

te

scie

ntifi

cally

sou

ndd

ecis

ion-

mak

ing

VIII

. Sk

ill D

om

ain—

Po

licy

Dev

elo

pm

ent

Public Health Reports / 2008 Supplement 1 / Volume 123

Tier

1:

Ent

ry-L

evel

or

Bas

ic

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 2

: M

id-L

evel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

tTi

er 3

a: S

enio

r-Le

vel

Ep

idem

iolo

gis

t:

Sup

ervi

sor

and

/or

Man

ager

Tier

3b

: Se

nio

r Sc

ient

ist/

Su

bje

ct A

rea

Exp

ert

2.

N/A

2.

Su

pp

ort

dev

elop

men

tof

pol

icie

sre

latin

gt

oep

idem

iolo

gic

act

iviti

es

2.

Lead

dev

elop

men

tof

pol

icie

sre

latin

gt

oep

idem

iolo

gic

act

iviti

es

2.

Sup

por

td

evel

opm

ent

ofp

olic

ies

rela

ting

to

epid

emio

log

ica

ctiv

ities

a.

N/A

b

.N

/A

c.

N/A

d

.N

/A

e.

N/A

a.

Prov

ide

inp

utin

tot

he

dev

elop

men

tof

new

pol

icie

sb

.N

/A

c.

Ad

vise

int

hed

evel

opm

ent

of

dra

ftp

olic

yla

ngua

ge

tos

upp

ort

nece

ssar

yep

idem

iolo

gic

act

ions

an

da

ctiv

ities

d

.N

/A

e.

Exam

ine

the

imp

act

ofp

olic

ies

ona

chie

ving

ep

idem

iolo

gy

pro

gra

mg

oals

and

ob

ject

ives

a.

Cre

ate

opp

ortu

nitie

sfo

rst

aff

top

rovi

de

inp

utin

tot

he

dev

elop

men

tof

new

pol

icie

sb

.In

corp

orat

ep

ublic

inp

utin

to

dev

elop

men

tof

ep

idem

iolo

gic

p

olic

ies

c.

Cre

ate

dra

ftp

olic

yla

ngua

ge

tos

upp

ort

nece

ssar

yep

idem

iolo

gic

act

ions

and

ac

tiviti

es

d.

Follo

wa

gen

cyp

roce

dur

esf

or

adop

ting

and

imp

lem

entin

g

new

pol

icie

se.

Ev

alua

tet

heim

pac

tof

pol

icie

son

ach

ievi

nge

pid

emio

log

yp

rog

ram

goa

lsa

ndo

bje

ctiv

es

a.

Prov

ide

inp

utin

tot

he

dev

elop

men

tof

new

pol

icie

sb

.N

/A

c.

Ad

vise

int

hed

evel

opm

ent

of

dra

ftp

olic

yla

ngua

ge

tos

upp

ort

nece

ssar

yep

idem

iolo

gic

act

ions

an

da

ctiv

ities

d

.N

/A

e.

Exam

ine

the

imp

act

ofp

olic

ies

ona

chie

ving

ep

idem

iolo

gy

pro

gra

mg

oals

and

ob

ject

ives

3.

Sup

por

tep

idem

iolo

gy

role

sin

p

rog

ram

sor

pla

nst

hat

der

ive

from

p

ublic

hea

lthp

olic

ies

3.

Part

icip

ate

int

rans

latio

nof

pub

lic

heal

thp

olic

ies

into

ep

idem

iolo

gy

role

sin

pro

gra

ms

orp

lans

3.

Tran

slat

ep

ublic

hea

lthp

olic

ies

into

ep

idem

iolo

gy

role

sin

pro

gra

ms

or

pla

ns

3.

Part

icip

ate

int

rans

latio

nof

pub

lic

heal

thp

olic

ies

into

ep

idem

iolo

gy

role

sin

pro

gra

ms

orp

lans

4.

N/A

4.

D

emon

stra

tea

bili

tyt

ous

ed

esig

nate

dc

hann

els

toin

fluen

ce

pol

icy

dec

isio

nsm

ade

by

entit

ies

othe

rth

ant

hep

ublic

hea

ltha

gen

cy

(e.g

.,el

ecte

do

ffici

als

ort

heir

staf

fs)

4.

Use

des

igna

ted

cha

nnel

sto

in

fluen

cep

olic

yd

ecis

ions

mad

eb

yen

titie

sot

her

than

the

pub

lich

ealth

ag

ency

(e.g

.,el

ecte

do

ffici

als

or

thei

rst

affs

)

4.

Dem

onst

rate

ab

ility

to

use

des

igna

ted

cha

nnel

sto

influ

ence

p

olic

yd

ecis

ions

mad

eb

yen

titie

sot

her

than

the

pub

lich

ealth

ag

ency

(e

.g.,

elec

ted

offi

cial

sor

the

irst

affs

)

5.

Ad

here

to

rule

san

dla

ws

app

lyin

g

tog

over

nmen

tem

plo

yees

and

fu

ndin

gs

ourc

esr

egar

din

glo

bb

ying

5.

Ad

here

to

rule

san

dla

ws

app

lyin

g

tog

over

nmen

tem

plo

yees

and

fu

ndin

gs

ourc

esr

egar

din

glo

bb

ying

5.

Ad

here

to

rule

san

dla

ws

app

lyin

g

tog

over

nmen

tem

plo

yees

and

fu

ndin

gs

ourc

esr

egar

din

glo

bb

ying

5.

Ad

here

to

rule

san

dla

ws

app

lyin

g

tog

over

nmen

tem

plo

yees

and

fu

ndin

gs

ourc

esr

egar

din

glo

bb

ying

VIII

. Sk

ill D

om

ain—

Po

licy

Dev

elo

pm

ent

(co

ntin

ued

)

CD

C5

Cen

ters

for

Dis

ease

Con

trol

and

Pre

vent

ion

CST

E5

Cou

ncil

ofS

tate

and

Ter

ritor

ialE

pid

emio

log

ists

N/A

5 n

ota

pp

licab

le