developing an oral communication strategy inventory yasuo nakatani the modern language journal...
TRANSCRIPT
Developing an oral communication strategy
inventory
Yasuo Nakatani
The Modern Language Journal 90,ii, 2006
Questions to be discussed
What variable is measured in this
questionnaire?
Definition (conceptual vs. operational)
How is the questionnaire developed?
How many stages did the researcher go
through for constructing the
questionnaire?
Question One
Variable
Oral communication strategy
achievement strategies or compensatory
strategies
reduction strategies or avoidance strategies
Oral communication strategies
specifically focus on strategic
behaviors that learners use wh
en facing communication probl
ems during interactional tasks
Three stages
Stage One
Use an open-ended questionnaire to elicit
a variety of strategy items
Stage Two
Pilot study (400 subjects)
Stage Three
Validation (400 subjects)
Stage One
Selecting questionnaire items
use an open-ended questionnaire
complete the statements such as “ When I
am speaking English, I pay attention to….,” “
When I am listening to other people speaking
English, I try to…”
80 students in the first semester EFL
lessons
Stage Two
Constructing a pilot test questionnaire
40 items for strategies for coping with speaking problem
s
30 items for strategies for coping with listening problem
s
Use the five-point likert-scale
400 university students
8 items from speaking and 4 items from listening we
re deleted due to their low item-total correlation
Stage Three
The final factor analysis
400 university students responded to
the questionnaire (45% men and 55%
women)
Made a factor analysis
Oral communication problems
What communication problems might
people encounter in interaction?
As a speaker
Your partner cannot understand you.
You are not familiar with the topic.
You do not have proper language to express what
you want to say
I feel nervous while speaking.
You find the question difficult to answer.
You often produce grammatical errors in your
speaking
As a listener
You cannot understand your partn
er.
Your partner uses difficult language
You are not familiar with the topic.
I feel nervous while listening.
You cannot understand your partner.
22. I ask for repetition…
21. I make a clarification request…
20. I ask the speaker to use easy words…
19. I asks the speaker to slow down…
23. I make clear to the speaker what I haven’t been able to understand.
You cannot understand your partner.
I try to translate into L1 little by little. I pretend to understand it. I only pay attention to what I have unde
rstood.
An open-ended questionnaire
When I am speaking English, I try to…
When I am listening to other people
speaking English, I try to…
What helps me most when I
communicate with others is…