developing an effective safety & health program

8/2/2019 Developing an Effective Safety & Health Program

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Welcome toDeveloping an Effective

Safety & Health Program


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Objectives

At the end of the workshop, you will beable to:

1. Explain the benefits of implementing asafety and health management system.

2. Identify the core elements of an effectivesafety and health management system.

3. Describe the key processes in eachprogram element.


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Why improve S&H?

Reduce accident related costs

Avoid OSHA penalties

Keep employees safe

Reduce turnover and absenteeism

Profitability Social obligations

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Benefits

Fewer injuries

Improved employee morale

Reduced absenteeism/turnover

Improved productivity

Lower overhead Increased profits

Overall reduction of 20 40%

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Accident Costs

Businesses spend $171 Billion/year

Rival the costs of cancer and heart

disease

Workers loose 40% of their income over5 years

Personal cost to family

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Direct Costs are the Tip of

the Iceberg

DIRECT

INDIRECT

Direct Costs:-Medical treatment-Physician

-Hospital-Ambulance-Indemnity(compensation toinjured)

Indirect costs:

-Training andcompensatingreplacementworkers

-Spoiled product

-Cleaning time

-Repair of

damaged property-Investigation ofaccident

-Schedule delays

- Poorer customerrelations

-Legal fees, etc.
http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/smallbusiness/safetypays/index.html


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Indirect Costs

Train replacementemployee

Repair/replacedamaged property

Investigation ofincident

Insurance rateincrease

Schedule delays

Added

administrative time Lower employee

morale

Increasedabsenteeism

Poorer customerrelations

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OSHAs Safety and Health

System ModelMANAGEMENTLEADERSHIP &

EMPLOYEEINVOLVEMENT

WORKSITEANALYSIS

HAZARDPREVENTION& CONTROL

TRAINING


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Safety and health are an integral part of our

operations.___ Yes __No __Dont know

Teamwork is apparent in all parts of the organization.___ Yes __No __Dont know

Managers and supervisors are out on the floorfrequently and always observe the company safety andhealth rules.

___ Yes __No __Dont know

Employees are encouraged to identify safety and

health hazards and correct them on their own.___ Yes __No __Dont know

Employees have full and open access to all the toolsand equipment they need to do their job safely.

___ Yes __No __Dont know

WHERE DOES SAFETY & HEALTHFIT IN YOUR WORKPLACE?

X

X

X

X

X


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What happens if a plantmanager is totally committed

to safety and health, butemployees follow blindly or

are not involved?

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What if personnel areinstructed to identify

workplace hazards, but noresources are provided?

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If staff are responsible forcorrecting or eliminatingidentified hazards, but no

training is provided, what isthe outcome?

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Culture is a combination of

an organizations: Attitudes

Behaviors

Beliefs

Values

Ways of doing things Shared characteristics

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Culture can:

Socialize newcomers

Define influence

Determine values

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A strong S&H culture is the

result of: Positive workplace attitudes

Involvement and buy-in of all

Mutual, meaningful, and measurablegoals

Policies and procedures that serve asreference tools

Personnel training

Responsibility and accountability16


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Elements of Safety & Health

Culture All individuals within the organization believe

they have a right to a safe and healthy

workplace Each person accepts personal responsibility

for ensuring his or her own safety and health.

Everyone believes he or she has a duty toprotect the safety and health of others.


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Element 1 ManagementLeadership & Employee

Involvement

Management leadership - Motivatingforce and resources

Employee involvement - Meansthrough which workers express theirown commitment to safety and health


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1. A clear, simple expressionof concern for employeesafety and health;

2. A stated purpose orphilosophy;

3. A summary statementabout the responsibilities ofmanagement;

4. A summary of the role ofemployees; and

5. A closing statement.

Safety & HealthPolicy


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Why Should Employees be

Involved? Workers know potential hazards and

have a vested interest in effective

protection. Group input provides a wider range of

experience.

Employees are more likely to supportand use programs in which they haveinput.


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Ways to include employees

Participating on joint labor-managementcommittees

Conducting site inspections

Analyzing routine hazards

Developing and revising the site S&Hrules

Training

Reporting hazards21


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Ways to include employees

Correcting hazards

Supporting fellow workers by providing

feedback on risks

Participating in accident/incidentinvestigations

Performing a pre-use or changeanalysis on equipment or processes

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Accountability System

Established standards

Resources

A measurement system

Consequences

Application


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Element 2-

Worksite Analysis Managers and

employees analyze

all worksiteconditions to identifyand eliminateexisting or potential

hazards.


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Workplace Hazard

A "hazard is:An unsafe

that could cause injury or illness to an employee.

or

CONDITION

PRACTICE


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Four Categories of Hazards

M____

E_____

E____

P_____

aterials

nvironment

quipment

eople


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To Identify Worksite Hazards


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Job Hazard Analysis

What can go wrong?

What are the consequences?

How could it happen?

What are other contributing factors?

How likely is it that the hazard will occur?


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Hazard Analysis

Grinding Iron Castings Step 1 Reach into

metal box to right ofmachine, grasp casting,

and carry to wheel. Step 2 Push casting

against wheel to grindoff burr.

Step 3 Place finishedcasting in box to left ofmachine.


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JSA -Additional Hazards & Controls

Potential Hazard Recommended JobProcedure

b. Contact with sharpburrs and edges ofcastings can causesevere lacerations.

1. Use a device as a clamp to pickup castings.

2. Wear cut-resistant gloves thatallow a good grip and fit tightly tominimize the chance that they will

get caught in grinding wheel.

c. Strains to lower backfrom reaching, twisting,and lifting 15-pound

castings from the floor.

1. Move castings from the groundand place them closer to the workzone to minimize lifting. Ideally,place them at waist height or on

an adjustable platform or pallet.2. Train workers not to twist whilelifting and reconfigure work stationto minimize twisting during lifts.


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Safety & Health Inspections

Cover entireworksite

Regular intervals Inspectors trained

Hazards tracked tocorrection


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Why an inspection might be

conducted To meet OSHA standard

Involve team in S&H

Identify areas of undue risk and highloss potential

Check past training and skills

development

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Why an inspection might be

conducted Identify and develop positive safety

attitudes

Suggest better job methods Reinforce the positive efforts of people

in the workplace

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Sample Inspection Report


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Inspection Report

Date: Inspection Team:

Number &

Classification

Findings

Hazard ClassificationA = Loss of life, body part, extensive damage

B = Serious injury or property damage

C = Non-disabling injury or minor damage

Exit blocked by boxes and other storage. Could lead todeath/serious injury in case of fire or other emergency.1 A

2 BChain and sprocket with guard removed. Could causeamputation or other injury.

3 BOverhead storage area with no guardrail or toeboard. Fallinghazard for those on upper level. Also, boxes could fall fromupper level onto those below.


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1

29

300

SeriousInjury

MinorInjury

Near Miss

Incidents

Heinrichs Accident Pyramid


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Accident Investigation

Procedures1. A clear policy statement.

2. Identification of those authorized to notify

outside agencies (fire, police, etc.).3. Designation and training of thoseresponsible to investigate accidents.

4. Timetables for conducting the investigation

and follow-up.5. Identification of those who will receive the

report and take corrective action.


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Causes of Injuries, Illnesses

and Accidents Direct Causes

Indirect Causes

Root Causes


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Direct Cause

Always a harmful transfer of energy

Can take the form of: Acoustic

Chemical

Electrical

Kinetic

Mechanical

Potential

Radiant

Thermal42


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Indirect Causes (Unsafe

acts/conditions) Specific hazardous conditions and/or

unsafe management or employees

actions May directly produce or indirectly

contribute to the accident

May exist or occur at any time May involve actions of victims or others

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Root Causes

The system weaknesses that producethe surface causes for the accident

Include inadequacies in managementprocedures, standards, and controls

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Case Study

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Ike on Loan


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Ike on Loan

Answers Direct causes Brakes failed and Ike drove off

end of dock.

Indirect causes (Unsafe acts or conditions) Notinspecting vehicle before operation; vehicledriven without sufficient brake fluid; protectivebarrier removed from dock.

Root Causes (Management system weaknesses) Inadequate selection of employee bymanagement; Ineffective training program;Maintenance program/procedures inadequate;Ineffective inspection program.


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Element 3 Hazard Prevention and Control

Hierarchy of Controls

Engineering controlsSafe work practices

Administrative procedures

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Systems to track hazard correction Preventive maintenance systems

Emergency plans

Medical programs

Systems used to prevent and controlhazards include:


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Control Measures?


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Control Measures?


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Emergency Action Plan

Survey of possible emergencies

Planning actions to reduce impact onthe workplace

Employee information and training

Emergency drills as needed


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Medical Programs

Size and complexity of a medical programdepends on:

Type of processes and materials and therelated hazards,

Type of facilities,

Number of workers,

Characteristics of the workforce, and Location of each operation and its proximity

to a health care facility.


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Element 4 Safety and Health Training

Education tells Why

Training shows How

Experience improves Skills


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Five Principles of

Teaching and Learning Trainees should understand purpose of

training

Organize information to maximize

effectiveness Immediately practice and apply new

knowledge and skills

As trainees practice, feedback needed

Effective training incorporates a variety ofmethods


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Safety and Health ProgramEvaluation

All evaluations shouldinvolve:

A review ofdocuments

Employeeinterviews

A site tour


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1. Management Leadership andEmployee Involvement

Policy, Goal and Objectives

How visible and effective is management leadership?

How effective is employee involvement in identifyingsafety and health problems and in finding solutions?

How clearly is responsibility for safety and healthassigned?

Are adequate authority and resources allocated to theprogram?

Are responsible people held accountable?

How does the site assure that only safe contractorscome on the site and that they are held responsible forsafety and health while working there?


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Have comprehensive surveys been done? Have pre-use analyses been done before

purchase and installation of new equipment,processes, and materials?

Are routine hazard analyses being done and usedeffectively?

Are periodic site inspections being done asscheduled, and are existing hazards being found?

Is the system for employees to report hazards

effective? Are all near-misses, incidents, and accidents

reported and investigated effectively?

Are the results of all worksite analyses being

tracked to resolution?

2. Worksite Analysis


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3. Hazard Prevention andControl

Are engineering, work practice and administrativecontrols in place and effective?

Is the availability, use, and maintenance of PPE

appropriate? Is the preventive maintenance system working

well?

Have emergency drills been conducted and

critiqued? Is the medical program adequate and effective?


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4. Training

Is appropriate training being conducted?

Are employees learning what they should?

Are any unsafe work practices being used?

Are training records easily accessible andcomplete?


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Summary

This workshop has covered:

The benefits of implementing a safetyand health management system;

The core elements of an effective safetyand health management system; and,

The key processes within each program

element.


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Closing

You now have the tools

With time andexperience, you canreach your goal

Effective S&HManagement

System

developing an effective safety & health program

Documents