developing a sustainable ipm system for ... - hutton.ac.uk

Scottish Crop Research Institute R hI i ® Raspberr y cane midge Lar ge raspberr y aphid Summary Background Raspberr y beetle Key pests have been identified which affect fruit quality and plantation longevity Pesticides are likely to be less available (EU legislation) Consumers and supermarkets demand high fruit quality but low pesticide inputs SCRI has developed several key components for IPM in Rubus These IPM components need to be put together into grower-friendly packages and tested in different UK soft fruit production areas and types (field, protected, conventional, organic). Developing a sustainable IPM system for high value igh value Rubus crops (raspberr y , blackberr y) for Europe A.N.E. Birch, S.C. Gordon, B.Fenton, G. Malloch, C. Mitchell, A.T. Jones, D.W es, D.W. Griffiths, J. Graham, R. Brennan, J.A.T. Woodford. SCRI research has targeted key pests of Rubus which affect fruit quality and are increasingly difficult to control with standard methods. The aim is to maximise fruit quality while minimising pesticide usage for high value soft fruit crops. Key pests targeted are raspberry beetle (Byturus tomentosus), affecting quality even at low density, large raspberry aphid (Amphorophora idaei), affecting quality and plantation life via transmission of 4 viruses, and raspberry cane midge (Ressliella theobaldi), affecting yield. Varieties with aphid resistance (R genes) have been bred and used successfully for > 40 years in the UK Strong selection pressure on aphid populations has resulted in resistant breaking biotypes The A 1 resistance gene is now fully overcome in the UK, over 30 years The A 10 resistance gene was fully effective against all biotypes but is now breaking down in parts of the UK, in less than 15 years of commercial use Partial resistence (multigenic) is more durable but less effective in reducing aphid numbers Important pest in UK and Europe as part of ‘ Midge Blight ’ disease ’ Control requires accurate timing of sprays against first generation midges SCRI and ADAS have developed computer-based prediction model (accurate to +/- 3-days) and is available throughout UK EU-funded RACER project has transferred technology to Switzerland and Italy Poor up-take in Scotland to date SCRI studies indicate + ve interactions between some plant R genes and key natural enemies Tested monitoring system available for raspberry IPM H O R T I C U L T U R A L D E V E L P M E N T C O U N C I L GROWERS New sources of resistance and IPM strategies to protect existing R genes urgently needed Most important pest in Rubus production IPM component 1 - Monitoring using white sticky traps (Swiss Rebel ® bianco, Agrisense Vertical sticky trap) IPM component 2 - Spray thresholds: Based on trials in 3 countries under EU RACER project > 5 beetles / trap → spray fresh production crops IPM component 3 - Enhanced trapping / non-insecticidal pest reduction Identified bouquet of flower volatiles using GC-MS Identified biologically active volatile components using EAG Behavioural responses to flower compounds characterised in lab and field (several sites, crops, years) Optimising attractant release rates and trap design with commercial partner Possible non-insecticidal management of this pest for organic and conventional growers

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Page 1: Developing a sustainable IPM system for ... - hutton.ac.uk

Scottish CropResearch Institute

pR h I i

Raspberry cane midge

Large raspberry aphid

Summary

Background Raspberry beetle

Key pests have been identified which affect fruit quality and plantation longevity

Pesticides are likely to be less available (EU legislation)

Consumers and supermarkets demand high fruit quality but low pesticide inputs

SCRI has developed several key components for IPM in Rubus

These IPM components need to be put together into grower-friendly packages and tested in different UK soft fruit production areas and types (field, protected, conventional, organic).

Developing a sustainable IPM system for high valueigh value Rubus crops (raspberry, blackberry) for EuropeA.N.E. Birch, S.C. Gordon, B.Fenton, G. Malloch, C. Mitchell, A.T. Jones, D.Wes, D.W. Griffiths, J. Graham, R. Brennan, J.A.T. Woodford.

SCRI research has targeted key pests of Rubus which affect fruit quality and are increasingly difficult to control with standard methods.

The aim is to maximise fruit quality while minimising pesticide usage for high value soft fruit crops.

Key pests targeted are raspberry beetle (Byturus tomentosus), affecting quality even at low density, large raspberry aphid (Amphorophora idaei), affecting quality and plantation life via transmission of 4 viruses, and raspberry cane midge (Ressliella theobaldi), affecting yield.

Varieties with aphid resistance (R genes) have been bred and used successfully for > 40 years in the UK

Strong selection pressure on aphid populations has resulted in resistant breaking biotypes

The A1 resistance gene is now fullyovercome in the UK, over 30 years

The A10 resistance gene was fullyeffective against all biotypes but is nowbreaking down in parts of the UK, in lessthan 15 years of commercial use

Partial resistence (multigenic) is moredurable but less effective in reducingaphid numbers

Important pest in UK and Europe as part of ‘Midge Blight’ disease’

Control requires accurate timing of sprays against first generation midges

SCRI and ADAS have developed computer-based prediction model (accurate to +/- 3-days) and is available throughout UK

EU-funded RACER project has transferred technology toSwitzerland and Italy

Poor up-take in Scotland to date

SCRIstudies indicate +

ve interactions between some plant Rgenes and key natural