developing a stormwater asset inventory a...
TRANSCRIPT
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Developing A Stormwater Asset Inventory
– A Practical Experience In Implementing
MS 1759
By
Assoc Prof Sr Mohamad Nor Said1
Mohamad Ghazali Hashim1
Kamarul Azlan Mohd Nasir2
1 Faculty of Geoinformation Science & Engineering2 Faculty of Civil Engineering
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
28 June 2010
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Outline
Background
Stormwater Asset Inventory
Feature & Attribute Coding
Issues
Suggestions
Conclusion
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Background
Natural Disaster: A Lesson For Future
Development Planning
• Development patterns greatly impact the
existence & function of natural systems;
e.g. rivers
• Destruction can pose risks to life and
property & greatly increase the cost of
development
• Johor flooding (Dec 2006 & Jan 2007)
• public facility damages: RM 1.5 billion
• Iskandar Malaysia - downfall: 350mm
(2006); 400mm (2007)
• Very important to understand the
interrelationship of urbanization and
natural, economic and cultural resources
• Many agencies are now very concerned on
how to deal with stormwater in a manner
which is healthier, safer, and more in
balance with the natural environment
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Background
Stormwater Asset Inventory
Part of (core component) JPS’s ‘Detailed
Design of Stormwater Management
Facilities’ projects:
- Senai; Kulai; Pandan; Tmn Anggerik;
Buntan; Rinting
Mainly to tackle flash floods
A similar development for ‘Flood Mitigation
Master Plan Study For WPI’ (Iskandar
Malaysia):
- Sg Skudai, Sg Pulai, Sg Pendas, Sg
Melayu, Sg Masai, Sg Kim Kim, Sg Kong
Kong
To develop using GIS
To conform/ comply with MS 1759 : 2004
Assets:- Waterways: rivers/ drains
- Structures: bridges; culverts; weirs; tidal
gauge; barrage; garbage traps; drop
structures; outfalls; sewage treatment plants
(STP)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Background
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Background
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Background
Stormwater Management For Healthier, Safer & More Balanced
With Natural Environment
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Stormwater Assets
River Feature: Inland Water
A relatively large natural stream of water
Associated Attributes:
• Structure (Riverbank Protection Type)
• Reserve
Drain Feature: Inland Water
A channel that carries away storm water
to control flooding
Associated Attributes
• Category (e.g. main; roadside)
• Structure (e.g. outfall; culvert)
• Usage (flood mitigation)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Stormwater Assets
Bridge Feature: Land Transportation
A structure erected over a depression or an
obstruction such as river, road or railway and
having a passageway which allows traffic to cross
from one side to the other
Associated Attributes: • Crossing Category (Road/ Railway/ Pedestrian)
• Material
• Abutment Type
• Size (width/ length)
Bridge – Railway Crossing
Bridge – Road Crossing
Bridge – Pedestrian Crossing
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Stormwater Assets
Culvert Feature: River Structure
A transverse drain or waterway structure that
crosses beneath a road, railway, canal or through
an embankment by means of a pipe or enclosed
Associated Attributes:
• Material
• Geometry Type
• Size
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Stormwater Assets
Outfall Feature: Shoreline Structure
A structure extending into a body of water for
the purpose of discharging sewage, storm
runoff, or cooling water
Associated Attributes:
• Source (e.g. residential; industrial;
oxidation pond)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Stormwater Assets
Weir Feature: River Structure
A barrier constructed to control the flow or
raise the level of water
Pond Feature: Inland Water
An open body of water smaller than a lake
which is either naturally formed or man
made
Associated Attributes:
• Type (e.g. detention; wastewater/
oxidation)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Stormwater Assets
Sewage Treatment Plant Feature: Sewerage
Site that contains facilities for treating
sewage
May introduce outfall into river
Associated Attributes:
• Type (e.g. communal septic tank;
oxidation pond)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Stormwater Assets
Trap Boom (Garbage Trap) Feature: River Structure
Barrier across a river in an urban area to
trap floating rubbish for collection and
disposal
Associated Attributes:
• Type (e.g. screen)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
MS 1759: 2004
MS 1759
• Provides specification: data producers and
users may exchange digital spatial data
• Minimize duplication of effort in database
development
• Describes encoding of real world: in terms
of features and attributes
• Features - real world objects; attributes –
properties/ characteristics associated with
objects
• 12 feature categories:1. Aeronautical
2. Built Environment
3. Demarcation
4. Geology
5. Hydrography
6. Hypsography
7. Soil
8. Transportation
9. Utility
10. Vegetation
11. Special Use (Dataset Specific)
12. General
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Example of Feature Code (1):
Inland Water HH0040 - River
Example of Feature Code (2):
River Structure HJ0020 – Riverbank Protection
MS 1759 – Organization of Feature & Attribute Codes
Example of Attribute Code:
Riverbank Protection Type (RPT)
MS 1759: 2004
Major Category
Subcategory
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
MS 1759 – Example of Coding River Structure (1)
Example: Riverbank Protection Type (RPT)
Example: River Structure HJ0020 – Riverbank Protection
Example: Riverbank Protection Type (RPT)
MS 1759: 2004
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
ExampleFeature : Bridge
Feature Category : Transportation (T)
Feature Sub-Category : Land (TA)
Feature Code : TA0240
Attribute Code : BAT 2 [Bridge Abutment Type = Retaining Wall]
MS 1759: 2004
MS 1759 – Example of Coding River Structure (2)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Methodology
Preliminary Study• Site Investigation
Database Design• Identification of Map Layers
• Recognition of Attributes – Coded &
Non-coded Attributes
• Creation Of Master Data List
Database Development• Compilation and Conversion of
Existing Data
• Field Data Verification and Collection
• Coordinate Transformation
• Attribute (Non-coded) Data Entry
Feature Coding • Code Assignment (Entry): Feature &
Attribute Codes
Development of Stormwater Asset Inventory
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Development of Stormwater Asset Inventory
River Catchment – e.g. Sg Senai
The Use of Aerial Photograph
– e.g. Anak Sg Skudai (Senai)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Development of Stormwater Asset Inventory
Field Data Collection/ Updating/ Verification
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Development of Stormwater Asset Inventory
The Inventory Database
Main Datasets Rivers (banks)
Drain (open/ covered)
Bridges (roads/ railways/ abutment)
Culverts (single/ double/ circular/ box)
Weir
Barrage
Tidal Gate
Garbage Trap
Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)
Outfalls (source)
Pond (detention/ wastewater)
Other (Supporting) Datasets Catchment boundary
Landuse (e.g. residential, commercial,
industrial, agricultural)
Roads (main and local)
Highways
Railway
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Development of Stormwater Asset Inventory
Data Sources
Existing topographic maps (hard &
digital copies)
Aerial photographs
Google Earth satellite images
Surveyed detailed drawings
JPBD’s local plan
Global Positioning System (GPS)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Development of Stormwater Asset Inventory
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Stormwater Feature & Attribute Codes
Development of Stormwater Asset Inventory
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Supporting Datasets: Feature & Attribute Codes
Development of Stormwater Asset Inventory
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Supporting Datasets: Feature & Attribute Codes
Development of Stormwater Asset Inventory
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Development of Stormwater Asset Inventory
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Issues
Currency of Data
• Features may have changed in
position due to development
• How frequent checking is or
supposed to be made
• As-built data should be made
available for database updating
• Any maintenance should be
recorded – and hence database
updated
• Effect: feature & attribute codes;
previously ‘earth drain’ could
have now been ‘concrete drain’
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Issues
Identification/ Recognition of Features
• Textual description sometimes does not
provide clear definition; photograph/
picture may help
• Ordinary GIS operators may not be able
to accurately code certain features; may
be better done or assisted by hydrology
experts
• Example: ‘drop structure’
“a manmade structure, typically small and built on
minor streams, to pass water to a lower elevation
while controlling the energy and velocity of the
water as it passes over”
• Some features not in the list – needs
regular revision of MS document
Drop Structure
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Issues
Feature Representation
• A particular reference to linear
features
• Single versus double line – e.g.
different protection types of
riverbank sides
- One side: Concrete/ Well guard
- Another side: Non-protected/
Earth
• Creation of different records (two
lines instead of one) will introduce
error in measurement (e.g.
summation of length of a river)
Concrete/ Well Guard
Non-Protected/ Earth
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Issues
Confusion In Feature Category
• A particular reference to Landuse dataset
• Demarcation vs Transportation
• E.g. Road Reserve Area (Demarcation) vs Road (Transportation)
Case 1: Feature seen as a land area for road (Road Reserve)
Category: Demarcation
Case 2: Feature seen as usage (Road)
Category: Transportation
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Issues
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Issues
Confusion In Feature Sub-Category
• Inland Water (HH) vs River Structure (HJ)
• Example:
- A river is classified as an Inland Water Sub-
Category (coded as HH0040)
- When riverbank is to be coded, the sub-
category has to be River Structure (coded
as HJ0020)
- A river segment cannot have two feature
codes
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Issues
Attribute Codes May Be Redundant
• Feature code already represents a particular attribute
• Example:
- Category: Built Environment
- Feature Code: BA0010 (Residential Building)
- Attribute Code: ZOC 1 (Zoning Category: Residential)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Suggestions
Feature definition to be made both in textual & pictorial
forms – to help users more accurately recognizing the
features
The MS should be made more flexible to cater for a general
mapping purposes as opposed to more detailed ones;
Example:
1. general landuse map (with attribute of landuse category)
2. a more detailed/ specific landuse (e.g. residential
building with its own attributes)
Review for any duplication between Feature Code and the
Attribute Code of a particular feature
Produce a standard template of database schema for a
particular application (e.g. one for JPS, JPBD, etc.)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Conclusion
Enforcing consultants to develop geospatial feature
inventory (with MS1759 compliance) as part of project TOR
is one (right) way to implement standard feature coding
Accurate feature identification/ recognition is very important
to ensure the reliability of assigned codes – field (hands-on)
experience is advantageous
Inclusion of feature characteristics (as detailed out in MS
1759 guideline) in surveyor’s detailed drawing helps;
surveyors should be made aware and play more roles
A thorough study may be necessary to investigate various
issues related to practical implementation of MS 1759
Issue on data currency should be parallelly resolved to
ensure the integrity of the database (that comes with feature
and attribute codes)
INSPIRING CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE MINDS
Thank You…