Developing a SmartSubstationArchitecture for the Smart GridArchitecture for the Smart Grid

Edward T. Hedges, PEManager, SmartGrid Technology Planning

Kansas City Power & Light Company

GridWeek 2010

KCP&L Company Overview

Key StatisticsCustomers 830,000 Mtr.Generation 6,100 MW– 9 plant sites– 26 generating units– 10 peaking facilities

Dist. Subs 315 Dist. Circuits 1600

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KCP&L SmartGrid Demonstration Project

Three Initiatives in One Project• KC Green Impact Zone Initiative • DOE Regional SmartGrid Demonstration Program• EPRI SmartGrid Demonstration Program

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KCP&L SmartGrid Pilot Vision and ObjectivesKCP&L SmartGrid Pilot Vision and Objectives

Customer GridClean Community

Project Vision

Deliver next generation smart grid technologies to enhance Kansas City’s urban core, engage

customers, and to evaluate technical, operational and business model feasibility for KCP&L and its

customers

Project Vision

Deliver next generation smart grid technologies to enhance Kansas City’s urban core, engage

customers, and to evaluate technical, operational and business model feasibility for KCP&L and its

customers

Customer Solutions

GridOperations

Clean Energy

Community Engagement

Enable customers to better manage energy use and expenditures

Automated grid analysis, management and control adapting to condition changes, meeting safety, cyber security, and service needs

Accommodate new sources of renewable and distributed energy supply

Support sustainable revitalization of our urban core through community collaboration, education, training and investment

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Green Impact Zone 150-square block area (39th to 51st between Troost

and Prospect).

Comprehensive set of programs using grant funds and other resources for:

‒ Economic development

‒ Community policing & service centers

‒ Training and employment

‒ Energy and water conservation

‒ Grant funds (over $100M) include

‒

Project Co-Located with Green Impact Zone

KCP&L SmartGridPilot Area

‒‒ Grant funds (over $100M) include

‒ Transportation Investments Generating Economic Recovery (TIGER) grant

‒ Energy Efficiency Conservation Block Grant (KC MO, MARC)

‒ MDNR Innovative Weatherization Grant

‒ KCP&L SmartGrid Pilot Project

‒ Brownfields Grant — (Pending)

Involves over 25 stakeholder groups including neighborhood groups, Congressman Cleaver, MARC, MEC, KCP&L, MGE, KCMO water and UMKC

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KCP&L Demonstration– True End-to-End Smart Grid

KCP&L SmartGrid DemonstrationEnd-to-end SmartGrid Built Around a SmartSubstation

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Traditional KCP&L Sub Automation• Current distribution substation control is typically comprised of a

centralized control system with most of the intelligence and actions done at both ends of the chain.

• Fundamentally it is a ‘star’ connected network with the SCADA in the center and device controllers/relays on the end of each spoke.

• Relays and controllers with limited logic processing respond to local • Relays and controllers with limited logic processing respond to local inputs; Operator initiates all other action in SCADA.

• All of the other components are there to tie the Relays and Controllers to SCADA and are fundamentally still based on serial communications

with point-by-point data mapping of DATA elements to SCADA inputs.

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Midtown Substation

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Definition of SmartSubstation The SmartSubstation will be based on the NIST Interoperability Framework Standards;

Open Standard IT Network Technology; Leverage IT Cybersecurity; support peer-to-peer device communications; include distributed, decentralized sub and feeder device monitoring & operation; and initiates “first responder” device control operations to minimize outage durations and scope and alleviate the dispatcher from having to manage high volume routine control functions.

3 tier control architecture (central-sub-device) provides significant benefits as the SmartGrid evolves:- Minimizes the amount of data that needs to be transported and how far it is transported through network.- Minimizes the amount of data processing and storage that must be supported at the central control center.- Automates many of the monitoring and routine control functions, allows operators to focus on “big picture”- Automates many of the monitoring and routine control functions, allows operators to focus on “big picture”- Device control logic and costs can be minimized.- Outage scale and customer impact will be minimized

“First Responder” functions envisioned to be decentralized to the Substation controller:– Sub Dynamic Transformer Rating w/ Oil Temp– Automated Bus Transfer Management– Sub and Feeder Integrated Volt/Var Management– Sub and Feeder Overload Management w/ DVC (DVC & CVR)– Feeder Dynamic Ratings w/Ambient & Duct temp– Digital Fault Recording on Breaker Relays– Insipient Fault Detection and Reporting– Faulted Section Identification & Isolation Switching – Distributed DER monitoring & management

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Legacy Rural Substations

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Substation SmartGrid Compatibility Assessment

• 315 Distribution Substations (4-35kv)– 130 Urban Substations– 185 Rural Substations– 270 have inadequate or no communications (85%)

• 1210 Distribution Circuits– 745 Urban Circuits w Breaker & in SCADA– 465 Rural Circuits– 465 Rural Circuits

• 155 Breakers (110 in SCADA)• 25 3ph Recloser w/Electronic Control• 120 3ph Reclosers (Retrofit Capable)• 115 3-1ph Reclosers (Retrofit Monitor Capable)• 25 3-1ph Replace • 25 Undocumented Protective Device

• Of 855 Breakers in SCADA ~ 50% are still have electromechanical relays• Customer Owned or Dedicated Feeders are not included

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Sub at Optimum Solar Farm Site

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Potential Rural SmartSubstation Architecture

Wireless Station

Network

WAN BackhaulNetwork

Field AutomationNetworks

Comm.Cabinet

Battery

WANRadio

Router/Switch

Sub ADA Control Processors

Station LAN

ControlCabinet

GPS

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Thank YouDOE Acknowledgement

This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-OE0000221Department of Energy under Award Number DE-OE0000221

Federal Disclaimer"This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States

Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents

that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or

any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof."

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Evaluating SmartGrid Impacts and BenefitsEvaluating SmartGrid Impacts and Benefits

The KCP&L SmartGrid Pilot is based on an ARRA (through DOE) Smart Grid Demonstration funding grant for KCP&L in the Kansas City, MO metro area.

KCP&L SmartGrid Pilot Project Highlights

– Smart Distribution Smart Substation Distribution Management System (DMS) IP/RF 2-way Field Area Network (FAN) “First Responder” DA Functions

Customer/Community

Greater reliability

Improve energy information

Increase ability to control usage and reduce bills

Expected Benefits

– Smart Generation DER Management System DR Programs and Variable Rates Residential/Commercial Rooftop Solar Utility-Scale Battery Storage

– Smart End-Use Home Energy (Web) Portals In-Home Display with Interval Data Residential & Commercial EMS DR Programs and Variable Rates PHEV Charging

reduce bills

Greater environmental stewardship

KCP&L

Evaluate new business models

Reduce costs

Greater asset utilization

Improve environmental impacts

Increase customer satisfaction

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SmartSubstation Automation Concept

• Distributed 3-tier Hierarchal Control Concept– Central (DMS/D-SCADA) <> Substation (DCADA) <> Device

• Modular and Flexible Control Components– High, Med, and Low level of substation analysis automation

• SmartSubstation DCADA Control Functions– Transformer, Regulator, and Circuit Breaker Monitoring– Regulator and Circuit Breaker Local & Remote Operation– Regulator and Circuit Breaker Local & Remote Operation– Automated Bus Transfer Management– Transformer Dynamic Ratings – Transformer DGA Monitoring– Digital Fault Recording and file management – Feeder “First Responder” Analysis & Control

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“First Responder” Functions

• DCADA “First Responder” Functions (closed loop monitoring & control)– Sub and Feeder Load Profile (15 min.) Metering – Identify circuit outages, faulted section, perform stepped restoration – Feeder Integrated Volt/Var Management– Feeder Overload Identification & Management– Feeder Dynamic Ratings w/ Ambient & Duct Temp– Feeder Dist. Voltage Reduction for DR– Feeder Dist. Voltage Reduction for DR– Feeder Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR)– Others ?

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Technology Comparison of SmartSubstation to Current

Current Sub Automation SmartSubstationRELAY 50%Electromechanical IEDs microprocessor w/IP addressSUB Comm. Serial & RS-485 network Ethernet TCP/IP LANSUB Protocol DNP3, Modbus, etc. IEC 61850RTU Protocol Conv.& Point Map Comm. Controller (similar function RTU)Sub Controller none DCADA-Monitors substation & feeder

devices and initiates device operation BH Comm. Dedicated Serial Comm. IT Corporate IP WAN BH Protocol Legacy, proprietary CDC IEC 61850 (DNP3-IP for now)Central Control EMS/SCADA DMS w/ D-SCADA

Current DA ADAControl Architecture Centralized Distributed-HierarchicalGrid Device Control Telemetric, EMS, & WinMon DMS/D-SCADA and DCADADR & DER control EMS/SCADA DERM and DCADAField Comm. Telemetric/ATT GPRS AMI/DA TCP/IP FANField Protocol DNP serial IEC 61850

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