dev related disorders 2

8/9/2019 Dev Related Disorders 2

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Development-RelatedDisorders

Mauring, Edrielhyn

Mendoza, RoxanneNemis, Christianie

Olivo, AllenOrtiz, Chelsea

Paguio, Lovette

Parabuac, Patricia


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evelo!ment"related

isorders" #he basic !rocess that underlie both normaland abnormal develo!ment have been

uncovered and develo!mental deviationsand their causes have been identi$ed% thus,tremendously enhancing our &no'ledgeabout the dynamics o( deviant develo!mentin general, and !sycho!athology in!articular) evelo!mental"related disorders$rst a!!ear at birth or during youth


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*) *ntellectually Aty!icalevelo!ment"related isorders

"+aving intellectual andada!tive de$cits that $rstbecame evident 'hen they'ere children)

"#he M"*-"#R used theterm “mentalretardation” to a!!ly thisgrou! o( disorders)

A) evelo!mentalisabilities

.) Learning isabilities


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*) *ntellectually Aty!icalevelo!ment"related isorders

Genetic Causes:•Down Syndrome

•

Phenylketonuria•Fragile X


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A) evelo!mental isability

-According to the American Association on Mental Deiciency!AAMD"# this $ertains to a signiicantly su%-a&erage general

intellectual unctioning e'isting concurrently with deicits in

ada$ti&e %eha&ior# and maniested during the de&elo$mental

$eriod(-De&elo$mental Disa%ility means a disa%ility that is maniested

%eore the $erson reaches twenty-two !))" years o age# which

constitutes a su%stantial disa%ility to the aected indi&idual# and is

attri%uta%le to mental retardation or related conditions whichinclude cere%ral $alsy# e$ile$sy# autism or other neurological

conditions when such conditions result in im$airment o general

intellectual unctioning or ada$ti&e %eha&ior similar to that o a

$erson with mental retardation


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/amous Peo!le 0ithevelo!mental isability

•*ohn F +ennedy !,th President o .SA"•

Michael Phel$s !Swimmer"•George /ashington !First President o .SA"•Charles Darwin !0he 1rigin o S$ecies"•

Syl&ester Stallone !Actor"


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-0hese reers to disorders in one or more o the

%asic $sychological $rocesses in&ol&ed in

understanding or using a s$oken or written

language that may %e shown in an im$erect a%ility

to listen# think# s$eak# write# read# s$ell or do a

mathematical calculations(


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2eading Disorder

(Dyslexia)

Mathematics Disorder(Dyscalculia)

Disorder o /ritten 3'$ression

(Dysgraphia)

Fine motor skills

(Dyspraxia)


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/amous Peo!le 'ith Learning

isabilities• 4eonardo da 5inci !Painter6Scul$tor"•

/alt Disney !Cartoonist"• 0om Cruise !Actor"• Ale'ander Graham 7ell !Scientist"•

Al%ert 3instein !Scientist"


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**) Physical Aty!ical

evelo!ment"Related isorder

1

A) Autism1 .) -isual *m!airment

1 C) Auditory *m!airment1

) !eech and Language isorders


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A) Autism 2Autistic isorder38n&ol&es in a marked

im$airment in a $erson9s a%ility

to communicate and to relate

emotionally to others(

Children with autism ha&e$ro%lems with social interaction#

$retend $lay# and

communication( 0hey also ha&e

a limited range o acti&ities andinterests( Many o children with

autism also ha&e some degree

o mental retardation(


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0hat causes autism4

- Most cases o autism# howe&er# a$$ear to %e

caused %y a com%ination o autism risk genes and

en&ironmental actors inluencing early %rain

de&elo$ment( 8n the $resence o a genetic

$redis$osition to autism# a num%er o non genetic# or

en&ironmental#; stresses a$$ear to urther increase a

child9s risk(


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0hat causes autism4 Contd)

- A growing %ody o research suggests that a

woman can reduce her risk o ha&ing a child with

autism %y taking $renatal &itamins containing olic

acid and6or eating a diet rich in olic acid !at least


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List o( the most commonly (oundcharacteristics identi$ed among !eo!le 'ith

autism

Social skills

Child hiding his6her ace

3m$athy

Physical contact6hands making contact

S$eech

2e$etiti&e %eha&iors

2e$etiti&e $hoto

De&elo$s dierently

4earning may %e un$redicta%le

Physical tics and stimming

1%sessions


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A) Autism

Asperger’s syndrome !also known asAs$erger9s Disorder" was irst descri%ed

in the >?@=s %y 5iennese $ediatrician

ans As$erger# who o%ser&ed autism-

like %eha&iors and diiculties with social

and communication skills in %oys whohad normal intelligence and language

de&elo$ment( Many $roessionals elt

As$erger9s syndrome was sim$ly a

milder orm o autism and used the term

high-unctioning autism; to descri%e

these indi&iduals(


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/amous Peo!le 'ith Autism

• Susan 7oyle !Singer"• Al%ert 3instein !Scientist"•

Amadeus MoBart !Com$oser"• Michelangelo !Painter"• 7ill Gates !De&elo$er"


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.) -isual *m!airment

-8m$lies a &isual $ro%lem

reuiring s$eciic

modiications or adustments

in the student9s educational

$rograms(

-8t may %e said that &isual

im$airment is the unctionallimitation o the eye or eyes

or the &ision system(


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Causes o( vision im!airment

- 5ision may %e im$aired due to multi$le reasons(

0hese could %e due to eye damage# ailure o the

%rain to recei&e and read the &isual cues sent %y the

eyes( .nderlying diseases may also cause &isual

im$airment( 0he commonest cause is dia%etic

retino$athy# age-related macular degeneration#

ormation o cataracts and raised $ressure within theeyes leading to glaucoma(


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-isual im!airment leads to5•

4oss o &isual acuity and ina%ility othe $erson to see o%ects as clearly as

a healthy $erson• 4oss o &isual ield meaning ina%ility o

an indi&idual to see as wide an area

as the a&erage $erson without mo&ingthe eyes or turning the head(

• Photo$ho%ia E ina%ility to look at light• Di$lo$ia E dou%le &ision•

5isual distortion or distortion oimages

• 5isual $erce$tual diiculties or

diiculties o $erce$tion


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/amous Peo!le 0ith -ision*m!airment

•Ste&ie /onder !Singer6Com$oser"•Franklin 2oose&elt !,)nd President o .SA"•

Galileo Galilei !Physicist"•Andrea 7ocelli !Singer"•*ose$h PulitBer !Pu%lisher"


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C) Auditory *m!airment

Sensory de$ri&ation also e'ist interms o the rece$tion to sounds

rom the en&ironment(

a hearing im$airment is a

$ermanent hearing loss or a

decrease in hearing that is so

signiicant it negati&ely aects a

childs $erormance in school or

a%ility to learn(

earing im$airment is also called

hardness o hearing# or hearing loss(


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+earing im!airments can becaused by5

eredity - Genetic links ha&e

%een ound in the uman

Genome Ma$$ing Proect

Se&ere illness in childhoodsuch as ru%ella!German

measles" or s$inal meningitis

3'$osure to long-term loud

noise or e'$osure to suddene'treme noise

Age-related hearing loss(


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/amous Peo!le 'ith +earing*m!airment

• 4udwig &on 7eetho&en !Com$oser"• elen +eller !Author"•

4ouis 7raille !8n&entor"• 0homas 3dison !8n&entor"


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) !eech and Languageisorders

-8m$ly s$eech %eha&iors which are

suiciently de&iant rom normal or

acce$ted s$eaking $atterns that

they attract attention# interere

communication# and ad&ersely

aect communication or either the

s$eaker or the listener(

S$eech disorders aect the &ocalcords# muscles# ner&es# and other

structures within the throat(


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!eech disorders can becaused by5

• &ocal cord damage• %rain damage•

muscle weakness• res$iratory weakness• strokes•

$oly$s or nodules on the &ocal cords• &ocal cord $aralysis


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***) isru!tive .ehaviourisorders

• A( Attention-deicit6 y$eracti&ity Disorder•

7( Conduct Disorder• C( 1$$ositional Deiant Disorder


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A) Attention"de$cit6+y!eractivity isorder

-As the same suggests# this disorder has two

com$onents# each o which can %e deined in

terms o a set o %eha&ioral criteria that children

must maniest so that diagnosis can %e made(


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/amous Peo!le 'ith A+

• *ustin 0im%erlake !Singer"• /ill Smith !Actor# Singer"•

Michael Phel$s !Athlete"• *im Carrey !Actor"• 7eetho&en !Musician"


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.) Conduct isorder

-.sually maniests orms o delinuency such asstealing# truancy in school or at home( .sually

%egins %eore $u%erty(


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.) Conduct isorder

-0he childhood $recursor o antisocial

$ersonality disorder in adulthood(

-8n&ol&es re$eated &iolations o the rights o

others and societys norms and laws(


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#heir delin7uent behaviorsinclude5

• lying• stealing• truancy•

running away rom home#• $hysical cruelty to $eo$le H animals• setting ires•

using drugs and alcohol


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C) O!!ositional e$antisorder

-8ncludes $rominent re%ellious kinds o %eha&ior in

children or adolescents that last or more than si'months and cause signiicant $ro%lems in amily or

school(


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Causes

• Children who ha&e a low %irth weight or neurologicaldamage are at an increased risk o ha&ing a disru$ti&e%eha&ior $attern( 0hose who suer rom ADD are also atan increased risk o suering rom these ty$es o disorders

as well( Additionally# children who are reected %y theirmothers or are se$arated rom their $arents may also showsigns o disru$ti&e %eha&ior disorders(

• Disru$ti&e %eha&ior disorders are common in children who

are raised in a%usi&e homes( Physical and se'ual a%use toa child or to the mother while the child is in her $resencecan also increase the risk o a child later de&elo$ing adisru$ti&e %eha&ior disorder(


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#reatment

• 0he %est $ossi%le treatment or disru$ti&e %eha&ior disorders is torecogniBe the $ro%lem as early as $ossi%le and %egin to change thesituation( 0here are dierent ty$es o treatment which includeeducating the $arents on %etter ways o $arenting the child# using

%eha&ior thera$ies and coordinating ser&ices with schools and othercommunity agencies that are a&aila%le to hel$ out(• Some children may %e $rescri%ed medication or treatment o certain

disru$ti&e %eha&ior disorders such as o$$ositional deiant disorder#conduct disorder or e&en or ADD( 8n act# it is not uncommon or

children who ha&e ADD to %e $rescri%ed medication( Allmedications come with side eects that must %e careully monitoredso it9s im$ortant to discuss this ty$e o treatment thoroughly with adoctor %eore making a decision(


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Re(erences

• htt$:66healthresearchunding(org6amous-$eo$le-de&elo$mental-

disa%ilities6• htt$:66www(ldonline(org6ld%asics6whatisld• htt$:66www(learningr'(com6$ictures-o-amous-$eo$le-with-learning-

disa%ilities-a(htm• htt$:66autismmyth%usters(com6general-$u%lic6amous-autistic-$eo$le6• htt$:66$sychcentral(com6li%6amous-$eo$le-with-adhd6===)?I)•

/hit%ourne# S(# algin# 2( !)=>,"( A%normal $sychology clinical$ers$ecti&es on $sychological disorders:( A&enue o 0he Americas#

JK(: McGraw-ill Com$anies

dev related disorders 2

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