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Hierarchy and dynamics of optical networks.
F.-Joachim Westphal(1), Andreas Gladisch(1), Matthias Gunkel(2)
(1) Deutsche Telekom AG, Laboratories(2) Deutsche Telekom Netzproduktion GmbH
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Source: Odlyzko et al: http://www.dtc.umn.edu/mints/2002-2008/analysis-2002-2008.html
1E+00
1E+01
1E+02
1E+03
1E+04
1E+05
1E+06
1E+07
1E+08
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020year
Dat
a Tr
affic
(PBy
te/m
onth
)
Extrapolation
MINTS low WW
MINTS high WW
Cisco WW
MINTS low US
MINTS high US
Cisco US
2 dB/year
Introduction.The Internet traffic growth.
Worldwide annual Internet traffic growth rate: 50-60%
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Outline.
IntroductionBasics of OTN evolution and effects on networksOTN functionsOptical network elementsGeneric hierarchical optical transport architectureTraffic demand forecast and types of servicesWhere to locate configurable optical network elementsConclusions
IntroductionBasics of OTN evolution and effects on networksOTN functionsOptical network elementsGeneric hierarchical optical transport architectureTraffic demand forecast and types of servicesWhere to locate configurable optical network elementsConclusions
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Deutsche Telekom Laboratories
Set of WDM / OTN point to point Remote configurable on L-ODU & H-ODU
Introduction.Evolution of optical networks.
OTNOTNEvolutionEvolution
Auto. bandwidth dedication OTN NE:DWDM OTN system; ROADMelectronic XC; L2 integration
Concentrate on optics only in this presentation.
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Some effects of optics, WDM and OTN on network architecture.
Distance and bandwidth is key, optics relaxed restrictions on transmission distances and has a reasonable cost pointStructural change
Regenerator less transmissionAllows to expand access Allows to reduce number of sites
Costs of transmission has declined for yearsRethinking about functional and topology split of aggregation - backbone
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Cost improvement of optical transport.
Backbone DWDM per-bit, per-km cost improvements over time
Ovum
Beside technical advantages optical transport has well improved in cost over the years.
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Optics in access / aggregation.
Reductions of number of sites by a order of magnitude.
Examples of planed reduction of number of sites: BT in UK & DT in Germany
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Deutsche Telekom Laboratories
Multiplex. / switching levels of OTN Flexible switching of OTN
OTN: Transparent, flexible structure of λ and sub-wavelength.Sub-wavelength: L-ODU; wavelength: H-ODU.
L1 clients(CBR)
sub-wavelengthLower Order ODU
OTU2(e)
OTU1
ODU2(e)
1x
OTU4ODU4
OTU3(e)ODU3(e)
100 Gbit/s
40 Gbit/s
1x
10 Gbit/s
1x
2.5 Gbit/s
ODU1
1x
ODUflexnx1.25G
1x
1x
1x
1x
wavelength / OTU / higher order ODU
1 GE
10 GE
L1 any bitrate
100 GE
ODU01.25 Gbit/s
ODU2e
L-ODU
L-ODUOADM
1 GE
1 GE
H-ODU
L-ODU (n x 1,25 Gbit/s)
λ
OADM
H-ODU
λ
L-ODUH-ODU
λ
Multiplexing
Switching
OTN: Two flexible and independent level of switching and multiplexing.
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Deutsche Telekom Laboratories
Types of optical add/drop multiplex. Principle of multi-degree ROADM
Key for switching on wavelength level: Different types of OADMs.
FOADMs & ROADMs come with quite different price tags.
FOADM
WSS
WSS
WSSWSS
Line Line
Line
Line
Local
Local Local
LocalAdd/drop of fixed configured λ
Fibers in 2 directions
Add/drop of remotely configurable λ
Fibers in up to 8 directions
ROADM
Multi-degreeROADM
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Generic architecture.
Generic hierarchical optical transport architecture
OTN Core
OTN RegioAccess
Access
OTN Regio
Two architecture/hierarchy variations:1. Two levels of hierarchy: Partly meshed
core interconnects metro/regiodomains based on ring topology
2. Flat architecture without hierarchies. Maybe subdivided in different optical domains
Study based on first variation: Maybe more suitable for large national footprint and dominance of IP broadband services.
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Traffic demand.
0%
100%
200%
300%
400%
500%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Traffic demand forecast on national infrastructure
Generic traffic demand forecast, has to be detailed concerning mix of services.
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Types of services / service-bundles.
Classical set of service / service-bundles of incumbent operator
Types of services grouped in IP/xDSL/FTTX and leased line / VPN based services.
IP/xDSL/FTTx based services:Double/Triple Play(incl. video; video on demand)Internet accessL3-VPNIP-TransitIP-Wholesale
Ethernet based services:Bitstream AccessEthernet Link p2p (leased lines)L2 VPN p2mp
SubstitutionLayer-1:
Leased Lines (SDH based)Leased Lines (OTN/ WDM based)
Any-to-any geographic distribution
Any-to-any geographic distribution
IP backhauling, centrallized service creation,
fixed, tree-like logical topology to IP/MPLS edge
IP backhauling, centrallized service creation,
fixed, tree-like logical topology to IP/MPLS edge
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Split of different types of traffic.
0%
100%
200%
300%
400%
500%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Traffic demand forecast on national infrastructure
Majority of traffic has to follow fixed configured aggregation path to IP/MPLS edge devises.
Leased lines and L2 VPN are 20-30% of the traffic volume only.
Majority of traffic is residential IP, it will not benefit from flexible configuration
of optical layer in the aggregation.
Leased lines and L2 VPN are 20-30% of the traffic volume only.
Majority of traffic is residential IP, it will not benefit from flexible configuration
of optical layer in the aggregation.
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Geographical distribution of leased line traffic (I).
Statistics of traffic distribution based on deployed Ethernet services
Only 20-30% of all leased lines are inter-regional.⇒ Traffic which benefits from configuration in the core of the network is further reduced.
OTN Core
OTN Regio
100%within access zone: 30%
within region:40-50%
inter-regional: 20-30%
Non-linear distribution of LL distance: Mainly very short and very long distances.⇒ Variation of core or regional diameter
has minor influence on distribution only.
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Geographical distribution of leased line traffic (II).
Distribution of source/sink-sites based on deployed Ethernet services
5% of all sites (mostly inter-regional sites) are responsible for 50% of all leased lines.Concentrate flexible configuration on these sites might help to minimize investment.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%Number of Locations
Leas
ed L
ines
Dem
and
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Potential locations of flexible optical switching node. (MD-)ROADM.
Two-2 or multi-degree optical switching node at various locations?
OTN Core
OTN RegioAccess
Access
OTN Regio
(MD-)ROADMs allow to (re-)configure network from a centralized management center.
1
2
2
23
4
4
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OTN in metro / regio.
Comparison of one fiber per demand, OTN p-t-p system and OTN ring
In many cases OTN rings will make sense for national networks in Europe and traffic demands of the next years.
OTN-systems are great in saving fiber-resources OTN p-t-p may save CapEx compared to OTN-ring in case of very high demandsCash-out tradeoff in-between OTN p-t-p and OTN-ring influenced by:
OTN-systems are great in saving fiber-resources OTN p-t-p may save CapEx compared to OTN-ring in case of very high demandsCash-out tradeoff in-between OTN p-t-p and OTN-ring influenced by:
longer distance aggregation site - hub
higher number of optical channels per OTN-systemOTN-ring
OTN p-t-psystem
Higher bitrate per channel
Increasing demand per site
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OTN in metro / regio.Example of CapEx comparison
Comparison of OTN p-t-p system, FOADM based OTN ring, ROADM based OTN ring
Taking today’s price tags into account, ROADM based rings are more expensive as FOADM based rings, but will outperform OTN p-t-p solutions.
Calculation based on simplified ring model using parameters of DT national infrastructure and commercial available OTN systems.Calculation based on simplified ring model using parameters of DT national infrastructure and commercial available OTN systems.
900 sites aggregated towards 24 core PoPs
protected 10G demands per site
kum
mul
ativ
eC
apEx
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
OTN p-t-p system
ROADM based ring
FOADM based ring
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OTN in metro/ regio.OpEx parameters
Comparison of FOADM based OTN ring, ROADM based OTN ring
Separate work in central network management center and work in the field, traveling cost have major impact.
Central network management center
Work in the field
Central network management center
Work in the field
network management & planingBasic
InstallationPort
InstallationBasic
InstallationPort
Installationplaning & installation OTN-equipment X Xproduktinstallation OTN X Xproduktinstallation THS X Xautom. Configuration Xverification NE and ports X X X
manual work in the fieldtraveling basic installation X Xtraveling port installation Xtravelling fiber patch X XInstallation ET, OLA, FOADM XInstallation ROADM XInstallation transponder Xinstallation transponder Xpatching fiber X X X
Ring FOADM Ring ROADM
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OTN in metro/ regio.OpEx
Comparison of FOADM based OTN ring, ROADM based OTN ring
ROADM based rings will save OpEx compared to FOADM based ones. Savings will increase with increasing churn rate.
Churnrate: 50% of ports 10x reconfigured
protected 10G demands per site0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Ope
x
FOADM
ROADM
Δ without churn
Δ With churn
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OTN in metro/ regio.Kumulative CapEx and OpEx
Comparison of FOADM based OTN ring, ROADM based OTN ring
To reduce OpEx, a lot of additional CapEx has to be spend for ROADMs.
protected 10G demands per site
Δ
Δ
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
kum
ulat
ive
Cap
Ex
/ OpE
x
FOADM
ROADM
Capex
Opex
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Where to place (MD-)ROADMs?
Placement of (MD-)ROADMs in regio and core
(MD-)ROADMs are more suitable within the (core) network, but less at the edge.
1. Within coreAll partial meshed nodes
2. Regio - coreAll regio – core nodes
3. Multi-ring aggregation in regioDepending on demandDepending on individual regio-topology
4. Access – regioOnly if high density of leased line demands, but individual manual configuration needed in most casesNot needed for residential IP backhauling
OTN Core
OTN RegioAccess
Access
OTN Regio
1
2
2
23
4
4?
?
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Conclusion
OTN allows flexible implementation of multiplexing and switching functions on wavelength and sub-wavelength level (and integration of L2 functions).Optical OTN functions and network elements allow reasonable priced transport of growing demands.OTN relaxed restrictions on transmission distances and enables concepts to reduce number of sites.Traffic demand forecast indicates continues growth of traffic volume, mainly drive by residential IP services.Only leased line and L2 VPN types of services can really benefit from flexible reconfigurable wavelengths, but those services are the minority of overall traffic demand.Today’s price difference in-between ROADMs and FOADMs can’t be overcompensated by OPEX reduction.Placement of (MD-)ROADMs within the (core-)network more suitable, as at the edge of the aggregation.
OTN allows flexible implementation of multiplexing and switching functions on wavelength and sub-wavelength level (and integration of L2 functions).Optical OTN functions and network elements allow reasonable priced transport of growing demands.OTN relaxed restrictions on transmission distances and enables concepts to reduce number of sites.Traffic demand forecast indicates continues growth of traffic volume, mainly drive by residential IP services.Only leased line and L2 VPN types of services can really benefit from flexible reconfigurable wavelengths, but those services are the minority of overall traffic demand.Today’s price difference in-between ROADMs and FOADMs can’t be overcompensated by OPEX reduction.Placement of (MD-)ROADMs within the (core-)network more suitable, as at the edge of the aggregation.
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Thank you for your attention!F.-J. Westphal (1), A. Gladisch (1), M. Gunkel (2)
(1) Deutsche Telekom AG, LaboratoriesGoslarer Ufer 35, 10589 Berlin, Germany
(2) Deutsche Telekom Netzproduktion [email protected]