determining friction factor
DESCRIPTION
This is the experimental report, for determination of friction factor for g.i. pipes and pvc pipes , done by ME 08 student(M Salimuddin and co.) at IIT HyderabadTRANSCRIPT
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M . V . H A R I S H B A B U
M A N O J K U M A R T R I P A T H I
M E D A R A M E T L A K R I S H N A K A L Y A N
M O H A M M A D S A L I M U D D I N
Determination of Friction Factor
EXPERIMENT 1
BATCH 1 GROUP 4
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Aim
To determine the Friction Factor in case of water flowing through Galvanized (G.I) and P.V.C pipes.
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Apparatus
1 inch G.I pipe
1 inch P.V.C pipe
Nipples (short and long)
Ball valves
Manometer
Bucket
Scale
Stop watch
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Theory
The Darcy Weisbach equation relates the head loss or
pressure loss due to friction along a given length of pipe
to the average velocity of the fluid flow.
The Darcy Weisbach equation is a phenomenological
formula which is obtainable by dimensional analysis.
The Darcy Weisbach equation contains a
dimensionless factor called as the Darcy’s Friction
Factor.
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Contd.
Where
hf is the head loss or pressure loss.
L is the length of the pipe.
D is the hydraulic diameter of the pipe(=4A/S).
V is the average velocity of fluid flow(=Q/A).
f is the Darcy’s Friction Factor.
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Contd.
The friction factor f is not a constant and depends on the
parameters of the pipe and the velocity of the fluid flow.
It may be evaluated for given conditions by the use of
various empirical or theoretical relations, or it may be
obtained from published charts. These charts are often
referred to as Moody diagrams.
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Experimental Setup
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Procedure
An inverted U tube manometer is connected between two points on the pipe as shown in the figure. Here, the manometric fluid is water.
Difference in level of water in the two limbs of the manometer gives the pressure difference between those two points.
Flow rate of water, Q is determined by measuring the water flowing out in a given interval of time, say 10 seconds.
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Video
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Observations
S.No. hf x10-2
(in m)ln hf Flow rate, Qx10-4
( in m3/s)Velocity ( in m/s)
ln v
1 3.8 -3.27 2.61 0.516 -0.661
2 6.0 -2.85 3.29 0.649 -0.431
3 9.5 -2.35 4.14 0.817 -0.201
4 16 -1.76 5.37 1.061 0.058
5 21 -1.56 6.15 1.214 0.193
6 30.4 -1.19 7.39 1.460 0.378
For G.I. Pipe
Diameter of the pipe ,D = 2.54 cm
Cross Sectional Area, A = 5.0645 cm2
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Plot(G.I. Pipe)
Intercept: -1.9477
So,
ln (f L/2Dg)= -1.9477
f = 0.038
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P.V.C Pipe
S.No. hf x10-2
(in m)ln hf Flow rate, Q
X10-4( in m3/s)Velocity ( in m/s)
ln v
1 13.5 -2.002 5.544 1.13 0.119
2 19.2 -1.650 6.574 1.34 0.296
3 22.1 -1.480 7.064 1.44 0.366
4 26.9 -1.112 7.800 1.59 0.464
5 36.1 -1.018 9.076 1.85 0.612
6 41.2 -0.886 9.665 1.97 0.678
For P.V.C. Pipe,
Diameter of the pipe, D= 2.5 cm
Area of the pipe, A= 4.906 cm2
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Plot (P.V.C pipe)
Intercept = -2.213
So,
ln (f L/2Dg)= -2.213
f = 0.0286
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Result
Darcy’s friction factor, obtained for
1). G.I. Pipe : f=0.0383
2). PVC Pipe : f=0.0286
Values expected from Moody’s Plot:
For Reynolds No. of the order of 104 ,
In case of G.I. pipe, f = 0.032
In case of PVC pipe, f = 0.020
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Results(contd.)
• Moody’s plot :
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Contd.
0.037910.037920.037930.037940.037950.037960.037970.037980.03799
0.038
0 20000 40000
Fr
icti
on
Fa
cto
r
Reynolds No.
• When friction factor is plotted against Reynolds No., for a
GI pipe, following plot was obtained and it is very much in
agreement with the actual Moody’s chart, for the order of
Reynolds No. around 104
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Thank You