determinants of health

45
Determinants of Health PATH216 Mohamed M. B. Alnoor

Upload: adanna

Post on 21-Feb-2016

58 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

DESCRIPTION

Determinants of Health. PATH216. Mohamed M. B. Alnoor. Content. Definition of Health Dimensions of Health Determinants of Health Inequity in Health. H E A L T H ?. Valued less than other desires wealth power prestige knowledge. H E A L T H ?. Health was forgotten - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Determinants of Health

Determinants of Health

PATH216

Mohamed M. B. Alnoor

Page 2: Determinants of Health

ContentDefinition of HealthDimensions of HealthDeterminants of HealthInequity in Health

Page 3: Determinants of Health

Valued less than other desires

wealthpowerprestigeknowledge

H E A L T H?

Page 4: Determinants of Health

H E A L T H? Health was forgotten - League of Nations WW I - United Nations WW II Introduced at a conference in 1945During the last few decades there is reawakening: that it is a fundamental human right .

Page 5: Determinants of Health

“Absence of disease”

“The condition of being sound in body, mind or spirit, especially freedom from physical disease or pain” Webster English Dictionary

Definition of Health

Page 6: Determinants of Health

“Soundness of body or mind, that condition in which its functions are duly and efficiently discharged” Oxford English Dictionary

Definition of Health

Page 7: Determinants of Health

WHO Definition:

“ Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social

well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

”1948

Definition of Health

Page 8: Determinants of Health

Dimensions of health

PhysicalMental

Social

a multi-dimensional process

Page 9: Determinants of Health

Physical Dimension of Health

-Implies perfect functioning of organs, at optimum capacity , and in harmony.

-Involves the ability to carry out daily tasks, and achieve fitness .

-A normal person :- no evident disease,

- growth is comparable peers.

Dimensions of health

Page 10: Determinants of Health

Not merely the absence of mental illness, but also the

ability to respond to the various experiences

of life with flexibility and a sense

of purpose.

Mental Dimension of HealthDimensions of health

Page 11: Determinants of Health

Mental health is a state of balance or harmony

between the individual and others

as well as between the individual and

the environment

Mental Dimension of HealthDimensions of health

Page 12: Determinants of Health

The following characteristics are attributes of a mentally healthy person:

a) he is free from internal conflicts ,b) he accepts criticism, c) he searches for identity, d) he has a strong sense of self-esteem ,e) he knows himself, f) he has a good self-control,

g) he faces problems and tries to solve them .

Mental Dimension of HealthDimensions of health

Page 13: Determinants of Health

Ability to interact successfully with people within the

environment, maintaining intimacy with

others, showing respect and

tolerance for those with different

opinions and beliefs.

Dimensions of health Social Dimension of Health

Page 14: Determinants of Health

Health practices and beliefs are strongly influenced by

the person’s : economic level life style family culture

Dimensions of health Social Dimension of Health

Page 15: Determinants of Health

Low-income groups are less likely to seek health care to

prevent or treat illness ;

High-income groups are more prone to stress-related habits and illness

Dimensions of health Social Dimension of Health

Page 16: Determinants of Health

Other Dimensions

Spiritual dimension It includes :

- principles and ethics- the purpose in life

- religious beliefs and values

all are important components of the way the person behaves in

health and illness .

Dimensions of health

Page 17: Determinants of Health

Vocational dimension When work is fully adapted

to human goals, work often plays a role in promoting both physical and mental health .

The importance of this dimension is clear when individuals suddenly lose their jobs or retire .

Other Dimensions

Dimensions of health

Page 18: Determinants of Health

Determinants of Health

Page 19: Determinants of Health

Determinants of Health

Page 20: Determinants of Health

-Behavioral -Environmental

-Health services

-Gender- Other factors

Determinants of Health

-Physical environment-Biological environment-Psychosocial environment

Page 21: Determinants of Health

1 -Behavioral:Determinants of Health

-Nutrition/ food-Personal hygiene

-Habits

&customs-Smoking ( passive

smoking )-Alcohol & substance abuse

Page 22: Determinants of Health

-Exercise - Sleep

- Violence/ abuse- Recreation

- Compliance to treatment

- Reaction to stress

Determinants of Health1 -Behavioral:

Page 23: Determinants of Health

2 -Environmental :A- Physical environment:

- Air - Water (quantity and quality)

- Waste disposal- Housing- Climate

-temp.- humidity and rainfall

Determinants of Health

Page 24: Determinants of Health

Determinants of Health 2- Environmental: A- Physical environment:

- Geography - Heat- Light- Noise

- Vibration- Radiation

Page 25: Determinants of Health

B- Biological environment: -Man(age, sex, genetic)

-Microbes -Insects-Rodents-Animals-Plants

Determinants of Health 2- Environmental :

Page 26: Determinants of Health

C- Psychosocial environment:

-Habits-Customs-Ethnicity-Cultural values

Determinants of Health 2- Environmental :

Page 27: Determinants of Health

Ethnicity

languageculture

religion common origin

( ancestry )shared history

Identification with a social group on grounds of :

Determinants of Health2- Environmental: C- Psychosocial environment:

Page 28: Determinants of Health

Culture

Knowledge,Beliefs,Goals ,Values ,

Attitudes andPractices

Complex social phenomenon of shared :

Determinants of Health2- Environmental: C- Psychosocial environment:

Page 29: Determinants of Health

- Religion/Morals- Education/health

awareness - Employment

- Community life- Housing

Determinants of Health2- Environmental: C- Psychosocial environment:

Page 30: Determinants of Health

How EDUCATION influences health

High level of education can lead to:• Employment:

secure well paid

health benefits• Good health: by developing favorable

knowledge attitudes behaviors

Determinants of Health2- Environmental: C- Psychosocial environment:

Page 31: Determinants of Health

- Political organization: %-GNP on health

- Resource allocation- Services:

-Availability- Accessibility

- Commitment to development ( social NOT economic )

for all

people

Determinants of Health2- Environmental: C- Psychosocial environment:

Page 32: Determinants of Health

-SES is associated with health outcomes:

Mortality Morbidity Disability

Well-beingpeople of higher SES have better health

than people of lower SES:

Determinants of Health2- Environmental: C- Psychosocial environment:

Page 33: Determinants of Health

3 -Health Services related determinants :

- H. E.- MCH

- Control of communicable disease- Control of non-communicable

disease

Determinants of Health

Page 34: Determinants of Health

4- Gender related determinants:

1993 Global Commission on Women’s Health

- Reproductive health- Nutrition

- Employment/occupation- Domestic violence

Determinants of Health

Page 35: Determinants of Health

5 -Other Factors: .Transition related

determinants: Industrial age information age

Information & Communication Revolutioneasy access to health

information medical professionals and the

public

Determinants of Health

Page 36: Determinants of Health

Intersectoral related determinants : Food & agriculture

Education Industry

Social welfare

Determinants of Health5 -Other Factors:

Page 37: Determinants of Health

Rural development Raising standard of living Employment opportunities Increased wages

Determinants of Health5 -Other Factors:

Page 38: Determinants of Health

INEQUALITYINEQUITY

عدم الظلالمساواة

م

Page 39: Determinants of Health

Health Inequities exist BETWEEN COUNTRIES and

WITHIN COUNTRIES

Page 40: Determinants of Health

Life Expectancy:

Children have dramatically different life expectancies depending on where they

were born :Japan or Sweden: > 80 years ;Brazil: . . . . . . . . . .. . . .72 years ;India: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 years ;African countries: < 50 years.

Health inequities between countries

Page 41: Determinants of Health

the infant mortality rate (the risk of a baby dying between birth and one year of age) is:

2 per 1000 live births in Iceland.

>120 per 1000 live births in Mozambique ;

Risk of maternal death during or shortly after pregnancy is

only 1 in 17 400 in Sweden but it is 1 in 8 in Afghanistan .

Health inequities between countries

Page 42: Determinants of Health

Health inequities within countriesWorldwide between:

rich and poor, men and women ,

dominant and marginalized ethnic groups

all lead to differences in health and longevity.

Page 43: Determinants of Health

:by gender

Indian Subcontinent(UN 1987-9): girls : death rate nearly twice as boys:

due to family behavior .

1/6 death: neglect and discrimination .

less than boys: immunization and nutritional status.

Health inequities within countries

Page 44: Determinants of Health

New philosophy of Health*Fundamental right

*Intersectoral*Integral part of Development

*Central to Quality of Life*Involves Individuals, Families,

Communities Local, National and International responsibilities

*Social Investment*World wide Social Goal

Page 45: Determinants of Health

H E A L T H

HEALTH

ealthducationgricultureaborreasuryousing