determinants of development succes in the native nations of the united states

7/27/2019 Determinants of Development Succes in the Native Nations of the United States

1/12

Nmtmrohkdkts `g Nmvme`pomkt\ullmss hk tjm Kdthvm Kdth`ks`g tjm ]khtmn \tdtms

Dk hktr`nulth`k t` tjm rmsmdrlj ghknhkbs `g tjm Jdrvdrn Qr`cmlt `k Domrhldk

Hknhdk Ml`kòhl Nmvme`pomkt, Jdrvdrn ]khvmrshty, dkn tjm Kdthvm Kdth`ks

Hksthtutm g`r Emdnmrsjhp, Odkdbmomkt, dkn Qèhly, ^jm ]khvmrshty `g Drhz`kd

C`kdtjdk F. ^dye`r

^rdksedth`ks dvdhedfem hk Nhk, Mspdè, dkn Q`rtubus


2/12

!"#"$%&'('#) +, !"-".+/%"'# 1466")) &' #(#&+') +, #


3/12

4

NM^MVOHKDK^\ @G NMWME@QOMK^ \]LLM\\

HK ^JM

KD^HWM KD^H@K\ @G ^JM ]KH^MN \^D^M\

Dk Hktr`nulth`k t` tjm Vmsmdrlj Ghknhkbs

`g tjmJdrvdrn Qr`cmlt `k Domrhldk Hknhdk Ml`kòhl Nmvme`pomktJdrvdrn Imkkmny \lj`è `g B`vmrkomkt, Jdrvdrn ]khvmrshty

dkn tjmKdthvm Kdth`ks Hksthtutm g`r Emdnmrsjhp, Odkdbmomkt, dkn Qèhly

]ndee Lmktmr g`r \tunhms hk Qufehl Qèhly, ]khvmrshty `g Drhz`kd

Nhk Mspdè Q`rtubus

@kehkm vmrsh`k whtj ehkis t` tjm lhtmn rmsmdrlj dvdhedfem dt3kkh.drhz`kd.mnu/rmsmdrljPhktr`Pmkbehsj

HK^V@N]L^H@K

^jm p`vmrty `g hknhbmkùs K`rtj Domrhldks, mspmlhdeey tj`sm ehvhkb `k rmsmrvdth`ks, jds

l`klmrkmn Hknhdk dkn gmnmrde pèhlyodimrs g`r o`rm tjdk d lmktury. Dgtmr tjm trmdty-

odihkb pjdsm dkn tjm mstdfehsjomkt `g tjm rmsmrvdth`k systmo, gmnmrde pèhlhms t` dnnrmssKdthvm p`vmrty vdlheedtmn fmtwmmk lueturde dsshohedth`k, g`rlmn urfdkhzdth`k, dkn dssmt

prhvdthzdth`k, `k tjm `km jdkn, dkn b`vmrkomktde rm`rbdkhzdth`k, kdturde rmsùrlmmxpe`htdth`k, dkn wmegdrm dsshstdklm, `k tjm `tjmr. K`km `g tjhs mxpmrhomktdth`k frùbjt

Domrhldk Hknhdks t` pdrhty whtj tjm rmst `g tjm ]khtmn \tdtms. Domrhldk Hknhdks dknDedsid Kdthvms jdvm fmmk tjm p``rmst ldtmb`ry `g Domrhldks g`r nmldnms.

Vmlmktey, j`wmvmr, odky rmsurbmkt Kdthvm kdth`ks jdvm lrmdtmn ml`kòhl br`wtj dkndllòpdkyhkb pèhthlde dkn s`lhde nmvme`pomkt hk tjmhr jòmedkns. G`r tjm ghrst thom, tjm

hklòms `g Hknhdks `k rmsmrvdth`ks r`sm gdstmr tjdk tjm Domrhldk dvmrdbm whtjùt dkdllòpdkyhkb rhsm hk gmnmrde spmknhkb. Hk tjm 4821s dkn 48:1s, Hknhdk hklòms r`sm dkn

gmee ds gmnmrde pr`brdo funbmts g`r Hknhdk Lùktry hklrmdsmn dkn tjmk nmlrmdsmn. Fyl`ktrdst hk tjm 4881s, gmnmrde spmknhkb `k Hknhdk pr`brdos nhn k`t ljdkbm oulj, fut

Hknhdk hklòms r`sm, f`tj `k rmsmrvdth`ks whtj ldshk`s dkn whtjùt. ^jm pdlm `g dvmrdbmhklòm br`wtj `k tjm rmsmrvdth`ks mxlmmnmn tjm ]\ br`wtj hk pmr ldphtd hklòm fy d

gdlt`r `g tjrmm.

Rjdt mxpedhks tjhs wmelòm hopr`vmomkt0 Vmsmdrlj fmbuk hk tjm 48:1s dkn l`kthkuhkbt` tjm prmsmkt mxdohkms tjm vdrhdth`k hk ùtlòms dlr`ss trhfms dkn ukl`vmrs tjmstrdtmbhms Kdthvm kdth`ks jdvm usmn g`r sullmss. Rjmrmds odky Kdthvm dkn gmnmrde

pèhlyodimrs trmdtmn tjm pr`femo `g p`vmrty ds d qumsth`k `g lrmdthkb mope`yomkt,pr`cmlts nmshbkmn t` lrmdtm mope`yomkt usudeey rmsuetmn hk gdheurm fmldusm tjmy dnnrmssmn

syoptòs k`t r``t ldusms. Fy l`ktrdst, sullmssgue Kdthvm kdth`ks dnnrmss tjm uknmreyhkbljdeemkbm3 tjmy lrmdtm l`knhth`ks tjdt dee`w tjm dlluouedth`k `g pjyshlde, ghkdklhde, dkn

juodk ldphtde.
http://www.hks.harvard.edu/hpaied/http://nni.arizona.edu/http://nni.arizona.edu/whatsnew/research_intro_dine.phphttp://nni.arizona.edu/whatsnew/research_intro_spanish.phphttp://nni.arizona.edu/whatsnew/research_intro_portugues.phphttp://nni.arizona.edu/whatsnew/research_intro_english.phphttp://nni.arizona.edu/whatsnew/research_intro_english.phphttp://nni.arizona.edu/whatsnew/research_intro_portugues.phphttp://nni.arizona.edu/whatsnew/research_intro_spanish.phphttp://nni.arizona.edu/whatsnew/research_intro_dine.phphttp://nni.arizona.edu/http://www.hks.harvard.edu/hpaied/


4/12

6

Hk tjm pdst, Kdthvm kdth`ks b`vmrkmn tjmosmevms whtj uksuhtdfem ruems`gtmk hop`smngrò tjm ùtshnm dkn ukl`kkmltmn t` hknhbmkùs k`ros `g `rbdkhzhkb dutj`rhty. Qèhthlde

uklmrtdhkty mksumn, nhsshpdthkb tdemkt, mr`nhkb l`kghnmklm, dkn sldrhkb dwdy pm`pemKdthvm dkn k`k-Kdthvmwj` ohbjt `tjmrwhsm hopr`vm tjm g`rtukms `g tjm lòoukhty.

\ullmssgue Kdthvm kdth`ks t`ì l`ktrè `g tjmhr hktmrkde dggdhrs dkn ljdkkmemn pèhthls hk

wdys tjdt mklùrdbmn rmturk ohbrdth`k, ghkdklhde hkvmstomkt, dkn ml`kòhl br`wtj.

^`ndy sòm Kdthvm kdth`ks lrmdtm l`knhth`ks mvmk o`rm dttrdlthvm tjdk hk tjm stdtmsdrùkn tjmo. ^jmrm hs d rmlurrhkb trdgghl cdo `g k`k-Hknhdk mope`ymms b`hkb t` w`ri `k

tjm Ohsshsshpph Lj`ltdw Vmsmrvdth`k. K`k-Hknhdk lhthzmks `g O`ktdkd rmbuedrey mkrèe hk\dehsj dkn I``tmkdh Lèembm. ^jm \tdtm `g Ohkkms`td mouedtms tjm g`stmr ldrm pr`brdo

lrmdtmn fy tjm G`kn nu Edl Fdkn `g Ljhppmwd Hknhdks. Kdth`kde dllrmnht`rs rdki tjmsufstdklm dfusm pr`brdo `g tjm \qudxhk Hsedkn ^rhfm hk tjm t`p tjrmm-pmrlmkt `g pr`brdos

hk tjm ]khtmn \tdtms. Hk ldsm dgtmr ldsm, Kdthvm kdth`ks fuhet dnmpt b`vmrkomkts, rmlruhtmntdemktmn pm`pem dkn hkvmst`rs, dkn fmkmghtmn tjmosmevms dkn k`k-Kdthvm tdxpdymrs dkn

kmhbjf`rs.

Oulj sthee kmmns t` fm n`km. Hknhdks ehvhkb `k rmsmrvdth`ks mdrkmn hklòms ehttem o`rm

tjdk `km-tjhrn tjm ]\ dvmrdbm hk 6111. Ds wmelòm ds tjm br`wtj g tjm 4881s wds, htwùen tdim jdeg d lmktury g`r tjdt trmkn t` le`sm tjm bdp. Nmsphtm tjm nhgghluet r`dn djmdn,

Kdthvm kdth`ks hk tjm ]khtmn \tdtms jdvm gùkn sullmssgue dppr`dljms, dkn tjmhr g`rtukmsjdvm kmvmr e`ìmn fmttmr.

VM\MDVLJ GHKNHKB\

Kdthvm kdth`ks hk tjm ]khtmn \tdtms prmpdrm d gmrthem mkvhr`komkt g`r nmvme`pomkt fy

tdihkb ljdrbm dkn fy ljdkkmehkb hktmrkde pèhthlde g`rlms `vmr tjm e`kb tmro. Hknmmn, `km`g tjm pdrdn`xhlde ghknhkbs `g tjm rmsmdrlj fy tjm Jdrvdrn Qr`cmlt `k Domrhldk Hknhdk

Ml`kòhl Nmvme`pomkt dkn tjm Kdthvm Kdth`ks Hksthtutm hs tjdt Kdthvm emdnmrs odim tjmhrkdth`ks o`rm p`wmrgue fy fhknhkb tjmhr `wk jdkns tjmosmevms. Fy rmstrhlthkb tjmhr wk

p`wmrs t` hktmrvmkm dt wjho hk d l`ktrdlt nhsputm, dk mktmrprhsm ghrhkb, `r d slj`èpr`brdo, Kdthvm pèhthlde emdnmrs odim tjmhr kdth`ks o`rm dttrdlthvm t` tjm Kdthvm lhthzmk

whtj d lèembm nmbrmm, tjm Kdthvm mktrmprmkmur, r tjm k`k-Kdthvm tmdljmr. ^jmsmhkvmst`rs fmlòm o`rm l`kghnmkt tjdt tjmy whee fm trmdtmn gdhreytjdt tjmhr thom,

mxpmrhmklm, dkn o`kmy whee k`t fm j`stdbm t` pèhthlsdkn tjmy fmlòm o`rm wheehkb t`fmt `k tjm guturm `g tjm kdth`k.

^` fm spmlhghl, sullmssgue Kdthvm kdth`ks sjdrm tjrmm mssmkthde ljdrdltmrhsthls3 4) tjmydssmrt tjm Kdth`ks p`wmrs `g smeg-ruem9 6) tjmy fuhen str`kb hksthtuth`ks `g smeg-

b`vmrkomkt t` fdliup tj`sm p`wmrs9 dkn


5/12

Kmw Omxhl` (Q`mj Lueturde Lmktmr) dkn O`ktdkd (\hymj L`rp`rdth`k) dn`ptstr`kb systmos `g l`rp`rdtm b`vmrkdklm dkn sullmmn wjmrm prh`r fushkmssms nhn

k`t.

l.\ullmssgue Kdthvm kdth`ks fuhen ldpdfem furmdulrdlhms. ^jm nmodkns g smeg-b`vmrkomkt rmquhrm pmrg`rohkb lmrtdhk c`fs wmee. Rhtjùt tjm stdggs t` nmshbk tjmwhenehgm pr`tmlth`k pedk, odhktdhk tjm edkn thtem rml`rns, `r `pmrdtm tjm pèhlm

nhspdtlj systmo, Kdthvm kdth`ks gdhe t` dljhmvm tjmhr `wk fcmlthvms. \ullmssgueKdthvm kdth`ks k`t `key rmlruht dkn trdhk tdemktmn lhthzmks g`r tjmsm c`fs, fut tjmy

pr`tmlt tjmhr b`vmrkomkt mope`ymms grò pèhthldeey o`thvdtmn ghrhkbs. Rjmktjmy nmvme`p pr`gmssh`kde dnohkhstrdth`k tjmy jdvm mvmk fmmk dfem t` mxtmkn tjm

nòdhk `g Kdthvm nmlhsh`k odihkb. ^jm ]\ Ghsj dkn Rhenehgm \mrvhlm mktrustmnfhè`bhsts grò tjm Kmz Qmrlm ^rhfm whtj brdy wèg odkdbmomkt `k gmnmrde edkns.

Kdthvm wdtmr odkdbmrs rmbuedrey jèn tjm Lhty `g Defuqumrqum t` jhbjmr qudehtystdkndrns. ^jm stdtm `g Dedsid rmeultdktey dbrmmn tjdt trdhkmn Tuhkjdbdi rdkbmrs

wmrm tjm pm`pem fmst suhtmn t` odkdbhkb k`k-Hknhdk ldopmrs hk tjm Idkmitìrhvmrfmn.


7/12

=

^jm Idim pmdlmodihkb lhrlem ommts tjm kmmns `g tjm stdtm custhlm systmo wmee mkùbjt` mdrk prdhsm grò tjm Dedsid Ljhmg Custhlm, fut ht hs des` vmry mggmlthvm dt dnvdklhkb

hts trdnhth`kde prmgmrmklm g r vhltho rmsthtuth`k dkn lòoukhty jdro`ky. ^jm \dehsjdkn I``tmkdh, Rhkkmfdb`, dkn Ohsshsshpph Lj`ltdw dttrdlt dopem prhvdtm ldphtde

whtjùt prhvdthzhkb tjmhr mgghlhmkt kdth`k-`wkmn mktmrprhsms. ^jm \hssmt`k-Rdjpmt`k

@ydtm ody ghrm mope`ymms wj` n` k`t sj`w up `k thom g`r w`ri dt tjm kdth`ksldshk`, fut tjmk ht surrùkns tjm nhsohssmn w`rimr whtj s`lhde, omnhlde, dkn lueturdemxpmrts (trhfde menmrs) s` tjdt tjm mope`ymm nmvme`ps tjm ehgm sihees kmlmssdry t` rmbdhk

dkn odhktdhk tjmhr mope`yomkt.

Hk l`ktrdst t` jhst`rhl o`nmes `g nmvme`pomkt tjdt mopjdshzmn lrmdthkb c`fs fy stdrthkb

nmvme`pomkt pr`cmlts, tjhs rmsmdrlj hknhldtms tjdt sullmssgue Kdthvm kdth`ks mkbdbm hk dpr`lmss `g rm-fuhenhkb tjmhr kdth`ks, lrmdthkb dk mkvhr`komkt `g ruems dkn prdlthlms hk

wjhlj pr`cmlts drm ehimey t sullmmn. Domrhldk Hknhdk nmvme`pomkt drhsms grò mggmlthvmpèhthlde pr`lmssms r``tmn hk trhfde lueturm dkn nmlhsh`k-odihkb l`ktrè, k`t grò ghknhkb

tjm rhbjt nmvme`pomkt pr`cmlt `r dttrdlthkb tjm rhbjt hkvmst`r.

L@K\HNMVD^H@K\ G@V QDV^HL]EDV L@K^MZ^\

Kdthvm kdth`ks hk tjm ]khtmn \tdtms pdhn nmdrey g`r `km-shzm-ghts-dee pèhlhms. Ht wùen

mxtmkn tjm mrr`r t` sdy uktjhkihkbey tjdt wjdt w`ris g`r tjm \dehsj, Dpdljm, dkn

Qmk`fsl`t wùen w`ri g`r tjm Nhk, Bwhljhk, Od`rh, Odpuljm, Zhkbu, `r Idqljhime.^jm hknhbmkùs rhbjts drm nhggmrmkt9 tjm ml`kòhl l`ktmxts drm nhggmrmkt9 tjm prh`rhthms `g

tjm pm`pem drm nhggmrmkt9 dkn tjm pèhlhms drm nhggmrmkt.

Fut tjm rmsmdrlj ghknhkbs `g tjm Jdrvdrn Qr`cmlt dkn Kdthvm Kdth`ks Hksthtutm kmmn k`t fm

nhslùktmn shopey fmldusm tjmy drm fdsmn `k K`rtj Domrhldk ldsms. ^jm ghknhkbstjmosmevms momrbm grò brmdt nhvmrshty. ^jm ]\ \uprmom Lùrt jmen tjdt Kdthvm

s`vmrmhbkty vhrtudeey n`ms k`t mxhst hk Dedsid, wjmrmds pèhthlhdks hk Drhz`kd l`kshnmr tjmKdvdc` Kdth`k dkn J`ph ^rhfm mssmkthde v`thkb fe`ls wj`sm s`vmrmhbkty sjùen k`t fm

qumsth`kmn. Hk tjm ml`kòhl nòdhk, odky Kdthvm rmshnmkts g tjm Wheedbm `g Wmkmthmsthee jukt dkn ghsj g`r tjmhr ehvmehj``ns wjhem tjm L`kgmnmrdtmn ^rhfms `g tjm Rdro

\prhkbs Vmsmrvdth`k hssum f`kns k Rdee \t. t` ghkdklm jynr`p`wmr. Hk pèhthlde lueturm,o`nmrk Kdthvm Domrhld rdkbms grò tjm trdnhth`kde @k`kndbd Ljhmgs dkn Qumfe`

ldlhqumst` \dk Odkumes Fushkmss Lòohttmm dkn tjm @sdbms twmkty-ghrst lmkturyl`ksthtuth`k. ^jm prhklhpde nmtmrohkdkts `g sullmss momrbm grò d whnm vdrhmty `g

pèhthlde, embde, dkn ml`kòhl l`ktmxts.

Dt d ohkhouo, tjm rmsmdrlj grò tjm Jdrvdrn Qr`cmlt dkn Kdthvm Kdth`ks Hksthtutm p`sms

d smrhms `g qumsth`ks g`r hknhbmkùs lòoukhthms3

4. Hs tjm hknhbmkùs lòoukhty ldpdfem `g dljhmvhkb hts b`des g`r tjm guturm0 Hs tjmhknhbmkùs lòoukhty dlluouedthkb `r nhsshpdthkb tjm rmsùrlms ht ldrms dfùt0Hs ht mxpmrhmklhkb mohbrdth`k `r hoohbrdth`k0 Hs tjm lueturm o`vhkb hk d nhrmlth`k

tjdt sdthsghms o`st omofmrs hk tjm lòoukhty0 Drm Kdthvm dkn k`k-Kdthvm pm`pemfmtthkb `k tjm lòoukhtys guturm0 Drm s`lhde rmedth`ks hopr`vhkb `r drm tjmy


8/12

7

grdyhkb0 ^jm spmlhghl vdrhdfems whee vdry grò pedlm t` pedlm, fut tjm gukndomktdequmsth`k jhkbms `k hknhbmkùs pmrlmpth`ks `g vhtdehty `r nmlehkm.

6. Hg nmlehkm hs d l`klmrk, wj` hs odihkb o`st `g tjm nmlhsh`ks dggmlthkb tjmhknhbmkùs lòoukhty0 Hg ht hs k`t tjm hknhbmkùs lòoukhty htsmeg, tjmk tjm

g`lus `g mgg`rt sjùen fm hknhbmkùs p`wmrs `g smeg-ruem. @fvhùsey, tjm mxtmrkdel`ktmxt ody fm vmry ljdeemkbhkb dkn se`w t` ljdkbm, fut `gtmk (hk tjm ]khtmn

\tdtms dt emdst) hktmrkde nmgmrmklm t` ùtshnm dutj`rhty jds l`kstrdhkmn Kdthvmkdth`ks. Hktmrkde nmgmrmklm hs usudeey whtjhk tjm hknhbmkùs lòoukhtys l`ktrè.

. Hs hknhbmkùs lueturm supp`rthkb nmvme`pomkt, k`t cust ds b``ns `r smrvhlms t` fmsèn t` tùrhsts, fut ds d omljdkhso g`r odhktdhkhkb lòoukhty supp`rt g`r

hksthtuth`ks dkn dlthvhthms0 N` tjm strulturms `g hknhbmkùs `rbdkhzdth`k smmodutjmkthl dkn trustw`rtjy t` tjm pm`pem0 N` hksthtuth`ks ommt tjm guklth`kde kmmns

`g tjm lòoukhty hk tjm twmkty-ghrst lmktury wjhem dnvdklhkb tjm lueturde vdeums`g tjm hknhbmkùs lòoukhty0 Kdthvm kdth`ks hk tjm ]khtmn \tdtms rml`bkhzm tjdt

tjmy wdei hk tw` w`rens dkn rmsp`kn whtj lrmdthvm dkn dofhthùs pèhlhms dknhksthtuth`ks tjdt odtlj tjmhr lueturms.

Dsihkb tjmsm qumsth`ks dkn rmsp`knhkb t` tjmo hk d lemdr-mymn gdsjh`k p`hkts t` d ghkdejdeeodri `g sullmssgue Kdthvm kdth`ks hk tjm ]khtmn \tdtms3 emdnmrsjhp. @g lùrsm, dee

lòoukhthms fmkmght grò jdvhkb ldpdfem, mtjhlde, dkn nmtmrohkmn emdnmrs. Hk HknhdkLùktry, d pdrthluedrey str`kb prmohuo mxhsts g`r hknhbmkùs emdnmrs wj` ldk mkvhsh`k d

kmw smt `g p`sshfhehthms g`r tjm kdth`k dkn fuhen lòoukhty ldpdlhthms t` rmdlj tjmo.\ulj emdnmrs `vmrlòm tjm g`rlms `g hkmrthd dkn nmldy hg tjmy ldk mkbdbm lòoukhty

supp`rt g`r ljdkbm dkn nmvme`pomkt.

DF@]^ JM JDVWDVN QV@CML^ DKN KD^HWM KD^H@K\ HK\^H^]^M

F`tj tjm Jdrvdrn Qr`cmlt dkn tjm Kdthvm Kdth`ks Hksthtutm nmnhldtm tjmosmevms t`

uknmrstdknhkb tjm nmtmrohkdkts `g s`lhde dkn ml`kòhl nmvme`pomkt hk hknhbmkùskdth`ks dkn t` sjdrhkb tjdt uknmrstdknhkb whtj Kdthvm lòoukhthms. Ghvm lmktrdeohssh`ks dljhmvm tjmsm `fcmlthvms3

4. L`knulthkb dkn lhrluedthkb rmsmdrlj dfùt tjm l`knhth`ks uknmr wjhlj Kdthvmkdth`ks hkhthdtm dkn sustdhk s`lhde dkn ml`kòhl nmvme`pomkt9

6. Qmrg`rohkb dppehmn rmsmdrlj g`r pdrthluedr Kdthvm kdth`ks `k qumsth`ks rmedtmn t`pèhly, emdnmrsjhp, `rbdkhzdth`kde nmvme`pomkt, dkn smeg-b`vmrkdklm9


9/12

2

. Mnuldthkb guturm trhfde emdnmrs fy nmvme`phkb lurrhlued, supp`rthkb L`kbrmssh`kdehktmrks, dkn tmdljhkb jhbj slj`è, lèembm, dkn brdnudtm stunmkts9 dkn

=. \jdrhkb o`nmes `g mxlmeemklm hk Kdthvm smeg-b`vmrkomkt dlr`ss kdth`ks dknlùktrhms.


10/12

:

VMGMVMKLM\

Dndos, D. (4888). ^jm r`dn k`t tdimk3 J`w trhfms lj``sm fmtwmmk trhfde dkn Hknhdk

Jmdetj \mrvhlm odkdbmomkt `g jmdetj ldrm rmsùrlms.Jdrvdrn ]khvmrshty,Ldofrhnbm, OD.

Ldomr`k, O. R. (4886). D pr`t`typhlde ml`kòhl nmvme`pomkt l`rp`rdth`k g`r DomrhldkHknhdk trhfms. Hk \. L`rkmee & C. Q. Idet (Mns.), Rjdt ldk trhfms n`0 \trdtmbhms dkn

hksthtuth`ks hk Domrhldk Hknhdk ml`kòhl nmvme`pomkt(pp. 74-81). E`s Dkbmems LD3Domrhldk Hknhdk \tunhms Lmktmr, ]khvmrshty `g Ldehg`rkhd E`s Dkbmems.

jttp3//www.jis.jdrvdrn.mnu/jpdhmn/n`ls/QV\81-6.png

L`rkmee, \. (48::). ^jm rmturk `g tjm kdthvm 3 Domrhldk Hknhdk pèhthlde rmsurbmklm. Kmw

X`ri3 @xg`rn ]khvmrshty Qrmss. jttp3//www.dodz`k.lò/Vmturk-Kdthvm-Domrhldk-Qèhthlde-

Vmsurbmklm/np/F111\FI>>H/rmg?srP4P60hm?]^G:&s?f`ìs&qhn?46


11/12

8

L`rkmee, \., Idet, C. Q., Irmpps, O. F., & ^dye`r, C. F. (488:).Domrhldk Hknhdk BdohkbQèhly dkn hts \`lh`ml`kòhl Mggmlts3 D Vmp`rt t` tjm Kdth`kde Bdofehkb Hopdlt

\tuny Lòohssh`k. Ldofrhnbm, OD3 ^jm Ml`kòhls Vmsùrlm Brùp, Hkl.jttp3//www.hknhdkbdohkb.`rb/ehfrdry/stunhms/411>-mrbP8:rmptPt`Pkbhsl.png

L`rkmee, \., ^dye`r, C., Brdkt, I., Ghsljmr, W., & O`rmjùsm, ^. (4888). Dljhmvhkb DedsidKdthvm smeg-b`vmrkdklm3 t`wdrn hopemomktdth`k `g tjm Dedsid Kdthvms Lòohssh`k

rmp`rt. Ldofrhnbm, OD3 ^jm Ml`kòhls Vmsùrlm Brùp.jttp3//dkik.udg.mnu/lurrhlueuo/DGK/smegb`v.png

L`stmee`, M. C., Lòpt`k, \. K., Immemr, B., & Dkbèn, D. (611


12/12

41

JQDHMN. (611=).J`k`rhkb l`ktrhfuth`ks hk tjm b`vmrkdklm `g Domrhldk Hknhdk kdth`ks3lmemfrdthkb mxlmeemklm hk trhfde b`vmrkdklm. Ldofrhnbm, OD3 Jdrvdrn Qr`cmlt `k

Domrhldk Hknhdk Ml`kòhl Nmvme`pomkt.jttp3//www.jis.jdrvdrn.mnu/jpdhmn/jk/jkP611=.jto

C`rbmksmk, O. V. (6111).Frhkbhkb tjm fdlibrùkn g`rwdrn3 mvhnmklm grò Hknhdklùktry `k tjm s`lhde dkn lueturde nmtmrohkdkts `g ml`kòhl nmvme`pomkt.Jdrvdrn

]khvmrshty.

C`rbmksmk, O. V. (6117). \tdtmomkt `g Nr. Ohrhdo C`rbmksmk, @vmrshbjt Jmdrhkb `k

Ml`kòhl Nmvme`pomkt, ]khtmn \tdtms \mkdtm Lòohttmm `k Hknhdk Dggdhrs.www.hknhdk.smkdtm.b`v/pufehl/Pghems/C`rbmksmk1=4117.png

Idet, C. Q. (6112). ^jm rèm `g l`ksthtuth`ks hk kdth`k fuhenhkb3 Edyhkb d ghro gùkndth`k.Hk O. C`rbmksmk (Mn.),Vmfuhenhkb Kdthvm Kdth`ks3 \trdtmbhms g`r B`vmrkdklm dkn

Nmvme`pomkt(pp. 2:-44>). ûls`k, DS3 ]khvmrshty `g Drhz`kd Qrmss.jttp3//www.dodz`k.lò/Vmfuhenhkb-Kdthvm-Kdth`ks-\trdtmbhms-

Nmvme`pomkt/np/1:47=6>6

determinants of development succes in the native nations of the united states

Documents