details of bioremediation and oilzapper technology

Bioremediation

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.Ahmedabad Asset

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.Ahmedabad Asset

Total Employees : 2700

Total Installation : 63

Total Production : 4500/MT Per Day

Total Exploration Area : 70 km radius of Ahmedabad City

Oil Exploration - Technology

Crude Oil – most important source of energy.

Exploration of oil involves Surveys, drilling and production.

The crude oil produced from wells is transported through a network of pipe lines.

An Oil Rig

Oil Exploration – Oil Well

An Oil Well Producing crude oil

Oil Exploration - Transportation Crude Oil is also transported from many oil

wells through tankers.

The pipe lines carrying crude oil are mostly buried under ground.

These pipe lines pass through large tracts of country side including farmlands, ponds etc.

With time these pipelines develop leakages due to effects of wear/tear and corrosion

Pipelines carrying crude oil

Oil Spill due to leakage in pipelines

Oil Spills in the Oil Fields These pipe line leakages cause

environmental pollution due to oil spills in Farmlands Water bodies Forests Water wells Human habitation

Oil Spills in the Oil Fields Oil spill can also occur due to several

other reasons : Theft and pilferages in pipe lines & tankers Blow out in a well

eg; BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 War & Terrorist activity

eg; Gulf War I in 1990-91 Accidents in Oil Tanker ships

eg; MSC Chitra Mumbai 2010

Environmental Impactof Oil Spills - Marine oil spill

Environmental Impact of OilSpills- Marine oil spill Mumbai

Environmental Impactof Oil Spills - Farmland

Environmental Impactof Oil Spills – Human Habitation

Environmental Impactof Oil Spills – Animal Life

Environmental Impactof Oil Spills – Spoiled Beaches

Environmental Impactof Oil Spills – Oil Well Blow Out

Environmental Impactof Oil Spills – Coastal Areas

Environmental Impactof Oil Spills – Sea Shores

Environmental Impactof Oil Spills

When oil comes in contact with Land the plants and animals die and soil loses its fertility.

When oil comes in contact with inland water bodies and/or ground water, aquatic plants and animals die and water becomes toxic.

Marine Oil Spills kills marine animals, plants and destroys marine Ecosystem.

How to clean oil spill ? Conventional methods –

Land Filling Incineration Natural Remediation Chemical Decomposition

New Eco-Friendly method – Bioremediation

Land filling: Oil contaminated Soil/Sludge is stored in protected concrete pits and land fill sites.

Merits: Easy and immediate solution

Demerits: Confines the pollution Cost-intensive and leads to limitation of land Risk of Transportation of hazardous material Natural calamity can destroy Protected

pits/ landfill sites

Conventional methods

Incineration: Burning of Oil Contaminated Soil/Oily Sludge

Merits: Easy and quick disposal of Pollutant

Demerits: Emission of hazardous gases like NOx, CO, SOx etc. Enormous amount of poisonous fly ash generated Safe disposal of fly ash is a limitation Incomplete combustion generates highly toxic and

carcinogenic chemicals eg; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Requires long transportation to incineration facility


Natural Remediation :By natural degradation, leaching,

evaporation, auto oxidation, photo oxidation, etc.

Merits: Cost effective

Demerits: Increases air, soil, as well as water pollution Degradation is a very slow process Hazardous and not environment-friendly Time consuming


Chemical decomposition:Decomposes Polluting oil by solubilization or making dispersions using chemicals

Merits: Easy and Quick Method

Demerits: Useful in water body only Increase water pollution due to chemicals. Hazardous to health and not environment

friendly


Bioremediation- Definition

“The use of bacteria and other small organisms to clean up or reduce unwanted concentrations of certain substances”.

Bioremediation was first applied in 1979 at Minnesota, USA, to treat oil spill due to leakage in crude oil pipeline.

Bioremediation Advantages and Limitations

Advantages:

Environment friendly. Economical in comparison to Conventional methods Simple to implement. Bye products are simple and non toxic.

Limitations:

Being a biological process it takes time to work.

Bioremediation

BioremediationAn Indian Innovation

The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi developed an innovative product Oilzapper in 1996 after seven years of extensive Laboratory Research.

Oilzapper is a consortium of bacteria which is known to selectively consume Petroleum Hydrocarbons and change it to simple non toxic substances.

Bioremediation – An Indian Innovation This led to development of an innovative

technique of Bioremediation as an environment friendly solution to the problem of pollution due to Oil spills.

Since its inception Bioremediation has found many successful applications all over the world.

In 1996 TERI developed a Bacterial consortium to degrade crude oil from oil contaminated soil/oily sludge etc. This innovative product known as OILZAPPER was invented by Dr. Banwari Lal Director TERI (Patented Item of TERI)

Dr. Banwari Lal, Director, TERI, & CEO, OTBL

OILZAPPER

About Oilzapper OILZAPPER is a bacterial consortium

being manufactured in a Bioreactor facility of TERI at Gurgaon.

OILZAPPER also contains nutrient carrier material and is packed in 15 Kg HDPE bags.

OILZAPPER is functional up to 6% salinity and 600 C.

ONGC and TERI

Mr. A K HazarikaChairman, ONGC & OTBL

Dr. R K PachauriDG, TERIChairman, IPCC

entered in to a collaboration and formed a Joint Venture company OTBL in 2007 with a common goal to work for a sustainable future

Bioremediation Projects in Ahmedabad Asset

Year Quantity of Oil contaminated soil bioremediated (MT)

1 2006-07 8232 MT oily soil bioremediated in 600 locations



4 2009-10 27,614 MT at 74 locations in process

5 2010-11 Proposed 36000 MT at 95 locations

Bioremediation in field

Bioremediation of oil contaminated soil/ oily sludge is carried out by either In-situ or Ex-situ technique.

In-Situ Bioremediation– In this technique bioremediation of oil contaminated soil/oily sludge is carried out at the location of spill itself without involving transportation. eg; Barren land and land inside ONGC installations.

Bioremediation in field Ex-Situ Bioremediation– In this technique

bioremediation of oil contaminated soil/oily sludge is carried out in a secure bioremediation pit.

Oil contaminated soil/oily sludge is transported to these secure bioremediation pits.

Ex-Situ Bioremediation is mainly carried out to treat oil spills occurring in farmlands, forest lands and other ecologically sensitive areas from where oil contaminated soil/oily sludge is to be removed on priority.

Bioremediation in field Secure Bioremediation Pit (SBP)

It is a centralized place to collect contaminated soil of near by area.

These pits are made Leaching proof with a liner of High Density Polythene of 500 microns laid at the bottom and side wall boundaries.

Once sufficient volume of oil contaminated soil/oily sludge is accumulated bioremediation is started.

Secure Bioremediation pit (SBP)At Nawagam, ONGC Ahmedabad

Ex-Situ bioremediation Excavation of oil contaminated soil. Transportation of oil contaminated soil to

bioremediation pit. Refilling of Excavated land with fertile soil.

For both In-Situ and Ex-Situ bioremediation oil contaminated soil is thoroughly mixed before bioremediation

Field Management of Oil Spills

Field Management of Oil SpillsAt Nawagam GGS-II, ONGC Ahmedabad

Oil spill Excavation of oil contaminated soil

EX-Situ Bioremediation SiteNawagam, ONGC Ahmedabad

Ex-situ Bioremediation Site


Secure Bioremediation Pit Lined with HDPE liner

Collection of Oil contaminated soil at SBP



Oil contaminated soil at SBP

Testing of soil samples to detect initial oil concentration as Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH).

First Application of OILZAPPER. Periodic monitoring of bioremediation

progress. Tilling of soil & nutrient addition at fixed

intervals.

Steps of Bioremediation Process

Steps of Bioremediation Process

Second and third application of OILZAPPER if required.

Approximately 5 Kgs of OILZAPPER is applied for every 1000 kg of oil contaminated soil.

Final sampling and testing of soil samples.

Steps of Bioremediation ProcessOILZAPPER Application

Oilzapper Application at Nawagam Secure Bioremediation Pit of ONGC Ahmedabad

Steps of Bioremediation ProcessOILZAPPER Application

Spreading of Oilzapper at Nawagam Secure Bioremediation Pit of ONGC Ahmedabad

Steps of Bioremediation ProcessOILZAPPER Mixing

Oilzapper Mixing with oil contaminated soil at Nawagam Secure Bioremediation Pit of ONGC Ahmedabad

Sampling and Testing Soil Samples are collected before and during

bioremediation to measure Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH), Moisture percentage and bacterial count.

Samples are tested in approved laboratories using internationally used testing methods.

Decline in Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) indicates progress of bioremediation work.

Steps of Bioremediation ProcessSampling of soil

Sampling of soil at Secure Bioremediation Pit of ONGC Ahmedabad

Sampling in a Bioremediation siteBioremediation site

Sampling Row

Sampling Points

1 11

2 22

3 33

4 44

Sampling strategy in a bioremediation site

Testing of soil for TPH

0

5

10

15

20

25 T

PH V

alue

in %

0 Day

s

30 D

ays

60 D

ays

90 ay

s

120 d

ays

150 D

ays

Incubation period

TPH Concentration of Soil1 st Row 2 nd Row3 rd Row4 th Row

TPH results of samples taken from Bioremediation site

Bioremediation Completion Bioremediation of Oil contaminated soil is

considered as “COMPLETE” When TPH of Oil contaminated soil becomes <1%.

This treated and restored soil is full of biomass and organic compounds

Local Plants or any other crop may be grown on bioremediated soil.

Examples of Treated bioremediated sites at Nawagam GGS-II, ONGC Ahmedabad

Before After

Before After

Examples of Treated bioremediated sites at Kalol, ONGC Ahmedabad

Before After

Examples of Treated bioremediated sites at Jhalora GGS-II, ONGC Ahmedabad

Examples of Treated bioremediated sitesat Kalol, ONGC Ahmedabad

Before After

Who are Using Bioremediation Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, UAE Kuwait Oil Company. Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL) Reliance Industries Limited. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited. TATA Power Limited. Jindal Petroleum Limited. Oil India Limited.

BIOREMEDIATION - A STEP TOWARDS A GREENER FUTURE

Thank You