detailed environmental impact assessment … · detailed environmental impact assessment (deia)...

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (DEIA)

ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE

METAL INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA

CHEMSAIN KONSULTANT SDN BHD

Presented By: Ir. Brian Chong

Outline of Presentation

1 • Environmental Legislations &

Requirements for the Metal Industry

2 • Ferro Alloy Industries and Challenges

Faced

IMni Seminar: Manganese Science and Regulatory Issues

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

ACT, 1974 (FEDERAL)

Gazetted : 14 March 1974

Enforced : 15 April 1975

Prevention, abatement,

control of pollution and

enhancement of the

environment in Malaysia

Natural Resources & Environment

Ordinance (Sarawak) 1993

Environment Protection Enactment

(Sabah) 2002


FEDERAL AGENCY The Department of Environment (DOE)

• Under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MNRE)

& maintain offices in all States

• Industrial Projects, Waste Management Projects and Offshore

Petroleum Projects

STATE AGENCY The Natural Resources and Environment Board (NREB),

Sarawak

The Environment Protection Department (EPD), Sabah

• State Government

• Land and Natural Resources Projects (Land Clearing, Agriculture

Projects, Mining, etc.)


Department of Environment (DOE)

•Natural Resources and Environment Board (NREB), Sarawak • DOE

• Environment Protection Department (EPD), Sabah • DOE


ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT TOOL

EIA IS A STUDY TO IDENTIFY,

PREDICT, EVALUATE AND

COMMUNICATE

INFORMATION ABOUT THE

IMPACTS ON THE

ENVIRONMENT OF A

PROPOSED PROJECT AND

TO PROVIDE DETAILS ON

THE MITIGATING MEASURES

PRIOR TO PROJECT

APPROVAL AND

IMPLEMENTATION


Under the EQA 1974 and associated

regulations, Industrial Activities are required to

obtain approval from the Director General of

Environment Quality prior to implementation.

Among the approval required is that of an

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

In Malaysia, EIA is required under Section 34A,

Environmental Quality Act (EQA) 1974.


Agriculture

Mining

Ports Infrastructure

Industrial Housing

Forestry Drainage & Construction Fisheries Land Reclamation

Quarries

Airport

Power Generation & Transmission

Railways

Transportation

Resort & Recreational Development

Waste Treatment & Disposal

Water Supply


Petroleum

• EIA report must be:

Prepared in accordance with the guidelines

issued by the DOE.

Prepared by Registered EIA Consultants

• EIA is also legislated in Sabah and

Sarawak under the respective state

legislations.


DEIA

PEIA

DEIA

• Submission of TOR

• Public Display

• Stakeholder Engagement

• Independently Review by

an Expert Panel


1. Iron and steel Industry

2. Pulp and paper mills

3. Cement plant

4. Construction of coal fired power plant

5. Construction of dams and hydroelectric power schemes

6. Land reclamation

7. Incineration plant (scheduled waste & solid waste)

8. Sanitary landfill

9. Project involving land clearing where 50% of the area or more having slopes exceeding 25 degrees (except quarry)

10. Logging involving an area exceeding 500 hectares

11. Development of tourist or recreational facilities on islands in surrounding waters which are gazetted as national marine parks.

12. Construction of recovery plant (off-site) for lead-acid battery wastes

13. Scheduled wastes recovery or treatment facility generating significant amount of wastewater which is located upstream of public water supply intake; and

14. Non-ferrous - Primary smelting

15. Petrochemicals-all sizes

16. Construction of oil refineries

17. Prescribed activities using radioactive material(s) and generating radioactive wastes


Environmental

Impact Assessment

What might happen

What can be done

Environmental Management Plan

Actions to be taken

Project Planning Construction and Implementation

Environmental

Monitoring Report

(EMR)

Compliance

Environmental Audit

Compliance

Written Notifications

Compliance


• DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (DEIA)

• A Prescribed Activity under the Environmental Quality (Prescribed

Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 1987

– Item 8(c) Non-Ferrous

Primary Smelting

Others – Producing 50 tonnes/day of product

• The DEIA needs to be submitted to the DOE, Putrajaya for approval

before any commencement of work


Consultants / Specialists must

be registered with the DOE


Dominated by the Iron and Steel Industry

Ferro- Alloy Industries in Malaysia is

relatively new



Name Location Product

Pertama FerroAlloy (Ph 1) – under construction

Samalaju, Bintulu, Sarawak Silicon Manganese (~125,000 t/y) MCFeMn (~60,000 t/y) FeSi (~72,000 t/y) Sinter (200,000 t/y)

OM Material (Sarawak) – started operation Q4 2014

Samalaju, Bintulu, Sarawak SiMn (~190,000 t/y) HCFeMn (~60,000 t/y) M/LCFeMn (~36,000 t/y) FeSi (~300,000 t/y) Sinter (300,000 t/y)

Sakura Ferroalloy – under construction

Samalaju, Bintulu, Sarawak HCFeMn (~107,000 t/y) SiMn (~70,000 t/y)

Elpion Silicon Sdn Bhd Banting, Selangor Metallurgical grade silicon (MGS) - ~55,000 t/yr

Dongbu Metal Sarawak Sdn Bhd– (project and DEIA on hold)

Samalaju, Bintulu, Sarawak Metallurgical grade silicon – 100,000 t/y

Asia Advanced Materials (in planning stage – DEIA approved, construction pending)

Samalaju, Bintulu, Sarawak Metallurgical grade silicon – 33,000 t/y

Confirmed

industries in

SIP

Mn Ore Coke Fluxes

Ferromanganese Silicomanganese

+/- 2300 kWh

MnOre / Sinter Quartzite Coke Iron Ore

+/- 4500 kWh

Slag Dump

Slag Crushing

HCFeMn Crushing Saleable Product

SiMn Crushing Saleable Product

Ferro / Silico Managanese: Production Process

18 IMni Seminar: Manganese Science and Regulatory Issues

Dust

Source:

Sakura

Ferroalloy

Scheduled waste are substances that are:

Corrosive

Explosive

Flammable

Ignitable

Toxic

Reactive

Irritant

Carcinogenic

Infectious


Regulation 2: Scheduled waste = any waste falling within

the categories of waste listed in the First Schedule.

First Schedule (Regulation 2)

Metal and metal-bearing wastes SW101-110 (10 categories)

• Used Lead Acid Battery – SW102

• Aluminium dross - SW 104

• Metal smelting slag/ dust - SW 104

• Galvanic sludges – SW105


Ferroalloy Slag Ferroalloy Dust


• Slag and dust

Slag is from the Ferroalloy smelting process, the impurities of

raw materials generated in the smelting furnace.

Dust is from also from the smelting process –captured in the

bag filters

Descriptions of SW104 from the First Schedule of the

Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005

– Dust, slag, dross or ash containing aluminium, arsenic,

mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel, copper,

vanadium, beryllium, antimony, tellurium, thallium or selenium

excluding slag from iron and steel factory.


Industry Ferroalloy Slag (t/yr) (SW 104)

Ferroalloy Silicon Dust

(t/yr) (SW 104)

Spent Pot Lining (t/yr)

Sludge (t/yr) (SW

316)

OM Materials (Swak) S/B 264,000 77,500 - -

Pertama Ferroalloys S/B 141,000 - - 175,800 (EMM)

Press Metal Bintulu 8,000 - 9,600 -

Tokuyama (Phase I & II) - - - 25,500

Dongbu Metal 3,960 39,600 - -

Asia Advanced Materials 1,036 14,515 - -

SAKURA Ferroalloy 131,400 - - -

TOTAL 549,396 131,615 9,600 201,300

These contribute to about 21% of the total volume of SW generated in the whole of

Malaysia in year 2013.


Under the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Waste) Regulations

2005, Scheduled Waste can be managed as follows:

Dispose to a licensed disposal facility

Recovered / recycled by a licensed recovery facility

SW generator can initiate special waste management

application to recover / dispose the waste to a non-

licensed facility

Export to overseas after the requirement of BASEL has

been fulfilled and Government to Government

agreement is met

SW generator can also choose to recycle the waste in-house if the

waste can be used raw material for other production line usage.


For example:

• Sludge generated from a facility can be used as alternative

raw materials as clinker feed;

• Slag generated from a ferroalloy smelting plant can be used

as additives in cement or aggregates for concrete

manufacturing;

• Fly ash from power generation plant which is a suitable

material for cement additives, etc.

Note:

Cement plant, clinker plant and ready mix concrete facility is not

prescribed premises for SW treatment and disposal facilities.


• As pozzolanic material in Portland cement. Addition of 5-15%

of slag in blended cement has shown improvement in cement

strength (slag cement).

• It is possible for metal slags to be used in road pavement

construction and also in making glass-ceramic materials.

• Usage in other countries includes:

a) The U.S.: Used as aggregate in asphaltic concrete fill;

unconfined bases; shoulder stabilization; berm construction;

railroad sub-base; base for walkways and rock wool insulation

b) China: used extensively for hollow blocks for construction use

(Shianxi Jiaocheng Yiwang Ferroalloy Works)

c) Japan, 99% of slag is useful construction material and employed by

national agencies such as the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and

Transport and by local government


As additives in concrete are as listed below:

• Construction of the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, used 4,800

tons of ferro silicon dust in their construction, all delivered by

Finnfjord AS, a leading ferro silicon producers in Europe;

• Construction of Burj Dubai / Dubai Tower in Dubai uses 350,000 m3 of

high strength concrete with ferro-alloy dust as additives;

• Construction of the Tsing Ma Bridge in Hong Kong which also uses >80

MPa high strength concrete with ferro silicon dust additives;

• Construction of the East Sea Bridge, Shanghai which spans a total

length of 32.5 km including a over-sea part, harbour and bridge

connection to the on-land part;

• Construction of the Nordhordland bridge in Norway which uses Light

Weight Composite Concrete of 60 -70 MPa ferro silicon additives; and

• Construction of the extension project of the Dubai airport has used up to

2 million cubic meter of microsilica concrete for durability reasons in sub-

terrain concrete and in high strength structural concrete elements.


• The cement industry has started looking into option of using alternative raw

material (ARM).

• In Europe, the cement industry is reusing waste material for fuel and raw

materials – also known as co-processing under the EU regulation.

• The World Business Council for Sustainable Development under its Cement

Sustainability Initiative (CSI) 2002 recognised that many industrial by

products and waste materials can be recovered in cement manufacture.

• Participated by many International cement producers (Lafarge, CEMEX,

RMC Group, Siam Cement Industry, Taiheiyo Cement).

• The Cement Producers in Malaysia which recycle SW.

• Potential SW for recovery in the cement industry:

Sludges, metal slags, dusts with calcium / silica content, fly ash from

power plant etc.


The slag generated must meet ALL the following conditions:

• Does not exhibit –corrosivity, ignitability, reactivity, toxicity

(Appendix I in the Special Management Guidelines)

• Has been proven (scientific studies / tests) does not have

hazardous effects on human or other life forms (Appendix II in

the Special Management Guidelines)

• Generator to substantiate / support the proposed recovery

process by research papers and other countries practices to

DOE.

• Generator shall submit form (Appendix IV) in the guidelines

and processing fee of RM 300 to DOE for Special

Management Application


Appendix 1.pdf

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Appendix 4.pdf

Appendix 4.pdf

Appendix 4.pdf

Appendix 4.pdf

The generator must have the following information for application of

special management:

• A potential waste recovery facility who is willing to accept the quality

and quantity of SW the generator produced;

• An MOU between the generator and receiver on the SW to be

generated and recovered by both parties

• The technology and potential impacts of waste recovery activities.

• Supporting documents (research papers, overseas practices, feasibility

reports) to support the recovery activity if it is new to Malaysia.

• The waste acceptance criteria by the receiver and the QC practices of

both parties of ensuring each batch of SW meets the set criteria.


• Cement raw material;

• Road stone material;

• Aggregate for concrete;

• Land reclamation, ground fill, ground improvement

and other civil engineering uses;

• Filter media;

• Land-filling.


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