destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
View of Bhachau town after earthquake
January 26, 2001
Earthquake Destruction and Reconstruction of Kutch – Some observations
By : Shirish Avrani
![Page 2: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
DISASTER
An occurrence causing widespread destruction and distress,
a catastrophe that causes, ecological disruption, loss of
human life and property, deterioration of health and health
services,
A disaster may have the following main features:-
o Unpredictability
o Unfamiliarity
o Speed
o Urgency
o Uncertainty
o Threat
![Page 3: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Natural Disasters Man Made
Disasters
Meteorological Hydrological Geological Environmental
Cyclone Draughts Earthquake
Tsunami
A forestation • War
•Civil strike
• Riots
Strom surge Flood Land slide Blight • Fire
Tornado Flash flood Avalanche
Volcano
• Road / train
Accidents
• Industrial
disaster
•Environmental
Pollution
Strom • Epidemic
Heat waves
Cold waves
• Famine
Classification of Disasters
![Page 4: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Phases and professional activities
![Page 5: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Earthquake Zones
of India
![Page 6: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Kutch is facing three types of natural disasters
DRAUGHT
CYCLONE
EARTHQUAKE
Technology - consumes less water
Stone Masonry
Stabilised mud blocks
Rain water harvesting
House Form – Circular traditional Bhunga
Orientation
Minimum Openings
Ties with clamps in roofing tiles
Easy & quick escape during earthquake
Design configuration
Bends at different levels
Stiffeners at junctions
Position of opening from corners
![Page 7: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
View of Anjar town after earthquake
Kutch Earthquake January 26, 2001
Magnitude : 7.7
People died : 20,000 approx.
![Page 8: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
View of Bhuj city area after earthquakes
![Page 9: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Angan wadi building completely destroyed.
![Page 10: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
View of Ambardi Village in Bhachau Taluka-Kutch
![Page 11: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ambardi village of Bhachau Taluka.
![Page 12: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Affected people residing in a street –Samakhiyali Village-Kutch
![Page 13: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
View of a single house standing intact in Samakhiyali Village
![Page 15: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
A continues band of RCC shelf had protected the house.
![Page 16: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
A shelter provided for EWS under Indira Awas Yojana had remain almost intact
due to filler slab construction. - Ambardi Village
![Page 17: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
View of Manglore tiles
filler slab.
![Page 18: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
School building constructed out of pre-fab technology by LNT had totally
collapsed.
![Page 19: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Bhunga / circular structure –
Remain intact during last
cyclone of 1998 and during
Earthquake , January 26,2001.
Rectangular structure was
found damaged during last 98
cyclone
![Page 21: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Technology Park
A Community Learning Centre for Disaster Preparedness
![Page 22: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Details of Roofing – Mangalore tiles are tied with clamps which protects
against cyclonic storm
Metal clamp
![Page 24: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Retrofitting- Technique showing corner stiffener and welded mesh band
in existing house.
![Page 25: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Rain water harvesting system from roof top.
![Page 26: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Rain Water Harvesting
![Page 27: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Unnati Campus at Navagam Nr. Bhachau
![Page 28: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Composite structure of Stabilised mud blocks and stone masonry
![Page 30: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Compressed stabilised mud blocks with 8 -10 % cement
Block size : 8”X9”X4” Cost Rs. 5 /- per block
![Page 31: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Internal court yards
![Page 32: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Terrace near dormitory
![Page 33: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Roofing system -
![Page 34: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Roofing system- Compression members are made out of wood where as
tensile members are made out of steel.
![Page 35: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Area of Shelter 25 Sq.mts.
Compressed stabilised mud block with cement mortar (1 :4)
Mangalore tiles roofing with clamps.
Cost of Construction Rs. 45,000
Rain water harvesting system Rs.12,000 (Capacity :7000 liters)
![Page 36: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Rain water collecting chamber
Down take pipe
Extra water
outletInlet for under
ground storage tank
Under ground
storage tank (7000
liters capacity)
![Page 37: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Earthquake resisting bands at various levels in rural house.
![Page 38: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
HOUSING FOR SALT PAN WORKERS-AN EXPERIENCEBY SHIRISH AVRANI- ARCHITECT, PLANNER
PROJECT SPONSOR : EUROPEAN COMMISSION
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION:INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM)
DESIGN AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT :CEPT RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT UNIT (CRDU)
![Page 40: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
The shelters of salt workers are located on the seacoast away from the village clusters. This area is highly prone to natural calamities like cyclonic storm as well as earthquake. More then 1750 salt workers lost their lives during May 98, cyclone and also experienced the severe earthquake of January 2001.Out of 1077 big salt works in Gujarat 590 are located in Kutch District. Total area covered by the big salt works in Kutch-Bhuj area is about 50000 acres and the total number of labourers engaged in the industry are about 20000. The operating season of the salt manufacturing is between November to June. The salt workers migrate to salt pan in this season and go back to their respective village and engage themselves in the agricultural activity. The socio economic condition of the salt workers is miserable.
![Page 41: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
The temporary shelters are made out of bamboo structure and gunny begs. There is no security, no safety and no protection against heavy sea breeze.
![Page 43: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Design Considerations
Housing sites are located in about forty scattered clusters in a remote areas, away from main village. Normally the construction sites area located on a narrow belts surrounded by law lying area of salt pans.
Two alternatives were designed to suit with the site condition.
1. Cluster of four units facing four directions, forming Swastika which allows flexibility of expansions in four directions.
2. Cluster of four units having Back to back arrangement. This type design was suitable where the site is linear and too narrow.
Shelter design is very simple comprising of a core unit of multipurpose room and a verandah with kitchen corner. Only one window with RCC frame is provided in the room to avoid heavy wind as this area is prone to cyclonic storm. RCC window frame is corrosion free and cost effective.
The clusters are located on higher ground and plinths are also raised up to 1’-6” so as to avoid the storm surge. RCC sloping roof is provided on room and verandah is covered with A.C. Sheets to reduce the cost.
The shelter design was discussed with IOM officials as well as with works as a part of participatory design approach.
![Page 44: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Typical structural details for earthquake resistance
![Page 47: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Stages of construction work
A special care was taken to withstand the earthquake forces. Every corner junction was enlarged and strengthen with vertical bars 0f 10 mm dia.
![Page 48: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
RCC bands were provided at plinth and lintel level. The bend was also provided around all the openings to resist earthquake forces. RCC door window frame were provided to minimise weather effects.
![Page 49: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Four months of monsoon is flooded with rain water and workers go back to their villages for agricultural work.The site selection was done on higher ground so that flooded water of monsoon do not reach to the shelter level.
![Page 50: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Social infrastructure development is one of the important tasks in the remote areas of salt pan. Rest Shelters are provided among the clusters of housing which acts as multipurpose activity centre.
![Page 51: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Emergency Shelter Design
- An Experiment during 2001 Earthquake at Kutch
By
Shirish Avrani
Architect - Planner
![Page 52: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Introduction
An emergency shelter design needs more attention now a days due to
frequent occurrence of natural disaster like cyclone, earthquake and
tsunami in India and abroad. There is a demand for systematic
approach to design a simple shelter which can be easily and fast
erectable from locally available material in a cost effective budget.
An experiment of temporary shelter had been carried out using locally
available steel coats (Charpai) during January 2001 earthquake at
Kutchh in Gujarat(India)
![Page 53: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Background Study
During the last cyclone of June 1998 in Kutchh, most of the salt pan
workers lost their houses. The Government of Gujarat had provided
them shelters in school buildings and other public institutions in an
emergency bases. Latter on Kandla Port Trust had constructed a
rehabilitation centre on government land for long term stay. About
5000 affected people (mostly migrated port workers) were housed in
those shelters.
The 80’60’ shed of corrugated galvanised iron sheets were erected
on wooden supports. The sheds were divided into 12’ 8’ cubicles
and allotted to each worker’s families. Total 20 such sheds were
constructed to house 1000 families. They were provided with
community water supply and toilets.
![Page 54: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
View of temporary rehabilitation centre provided by the KANDLA PORT TRUST
during June 1998 cyclone. The master plan of the centre is drawn on the sign board.
![Page 55: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
THE STREETSCAPE OF REHABILITATION CENTRE.The layout is in the form of gridiron pattern
having long open spaces in between the sheds. These spaces do not respond to the behavioural pattern
of the inhabitants.
![Page 56: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
INTERNALVIEW OF THE SHELTERS: The cubicles and internal passages are without proper ventilation and
natural light. Galvanised iron sheets used are not appropriate to local climatic conditions. The cooking activities take
place inside the cubicles which generates smoke creating hazardous environment. The overall environment is
unhealthy and not conducive for the workers lifestyle and requirements.
![Page 57: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
“ Hangami Avas Yojana ”
Temporary Shelter colony constructed by Govt
at Bhuj
During January 2001 Earthquake.
![Page 58: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
“ Hangami Avas ”- Temporary Shelter colony at Bhuj.
More than 1200 houses were constructed using steel frame as
structural system. The steel frame was enveloped with bamboo
matting. After one year, the process of demolition of temporary
shelters and rebuilding into permanent housing is under progress..
![Page 59: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Shelters constructed with steel angles, covered by Bison panels and corrugated roofing sheets
![Page 60: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
View of main street
![Page 61: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Stage wise demolition of temporary shelters
![Page 62: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
The backyards of houses have become dump yard and nuisance..
![Page 63: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Re-Reconstruction of housing cluster on the same site.
![Page 64: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
View of Re-Reconstructed housing units in cluster arrangement.
![Page 65: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Emergency Shelter System for
Earthquake Victims
An Experiment during January 2001 Earthquake
![Page 67: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
INTRODUCTION
The design of a temporary shelter for earthquake victims at Kutch had
been conceived keeping in view the social and behavioural aspects of
the inhabitants.
People do not prefer to stay in a mass housing camp but to have a
temporary shelter closer to their own property.
It was observed that, what is required to provide was a support system
in terms of locally available materials and technology. The material for
shelter should be such that it can be recycled or reused, after the
emergency is over. Technology used should be simple so that the
people themselves can build the shelters. Moreover the shelter should
be designed such a way that it can be upgraded over a period of time
based on their needs.
![Page 68: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Concept :
The temporary shelter - design criterions:
1. The material used should be easily available and popular in the
region.
2. Re-usable / recyclable with multiple use of materials when
dismantled.
3. Modular system for fast construction and allow sufficient flexibility
in terms of design.
4. Possibility for incremental growth and upgrading the shelter.
5. Cost effective technology.
![Page 69: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Proposed Blue Print- System Design :
It is observed that the use of GI pipes cots (Charpai) is very popular
among the workers and the rural inhabitants. Based on the case
studies and the requirement analysis an appropriate system design
with cots as a modular units is designed.
The size of the modular units is 6’-6” X 2’-9”. This is made out of 1” dia.
A-grade GI pipes threaded with three way T- elbows. 13 Units are
arranged to form a cubical. The units are fixed to the ground with the
help of 12” long U- pins. The side of the units can be covered with (1) 6
mm thick A C plain sheets (2) Bison Panels or (3) E-Board Plyplus.
Door and window can be provided by fixing pivots / hinges to the
modular unit. The roofing is done with the self-supported curved
corrugated A.C. sheet joined by J-bolts with the modular units.
![Page 70: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
The attributes for proposed design
1. Cots are easy to manufacture and locally available.
2. The transportation of the units is easy and erection is simple.
3. Shelter can be easily erected by self help.
4. Flexibility in terms of reuse of modular units. As the units can be
easily dismantled and can be reused as cots (Charpai) whenever
desired.
5. The shelter can be stage- wise upgraded by the occupants to a
permanent shelter by constructing walls and gradually removing
the modular units without disturbing the structure and daily life of
inhabitants.
![Page 71: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
It is observed that people prefer to have their temporary shelter in front of their own
house. The use of Charpai is very common. People in rural area spent most of their
time outdoors sitting on Charpai. The same Charpai is also used as covering surface
for the temporary shelter made out of plastics.
![Page 72: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Use of Charpai during Visit of Open Toilet in Rural Katchh
![Page 73: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
The Charpai (coat) is important household furniture. It is used for various purposes
like sleeping at night and during day time it works as shading device to protect
against sun.
![Page 74: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Assembling of coats:
Based on the case studies and requirement analysis an appropriate system
design with coats as modular units is designed and proposed.
![Page 75: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
The modular units ( Charpai) are light in weight and easily transportable even on a
jeep.
![Page 76: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Transportation of curved corrugated AC sheets.
![Page 77: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Preparation of ground for shelter construction
PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTION
![Page 78: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Fixing of Charpai with the ground with the help of 12 inch U-pins.
![Page 79: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Detail showing fixing of two modular units with clamp .
![Page 80: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Lifting of roofing units and fixing it with modular units with J-Bolts.
![Page 81: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
DEMONSTRATION SHELTER
Constructed at Earthquake Relief Centre
run by Anand Niketan Ashram
Samakhiyali High School,
Tal. : Bhachav.
Kitchen corner can be treated with fire
proof material like A.C. sheets, Bison
panels or E-Board
![Page 82: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
DEMONSTRATION SHELTER
Constructed at Earthquake Relief Centre run by : Sarvoday Ashram Amirgadh at Samakhiyali
Tal.: Bhachav
![Page 83: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
DEMONSTRATION SHELTERConstructed at Kutchh Navnirman Abhiyan, National High way No.8 Nr. Shantidham, Samakhiyali
Tal. : Bhachav
![Page 84: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
STEEL PIPE OF
MODULE UNIT
THREADED BOLT
WALL
PANELING
(6mm TH. AC
PLAIN SHEETS)
STEEL PIPE OF
MODULE UNIT
A.C. CORRUGATED
ROOFING SHEET FIXED
WITH "J" BOLT
DETAIL - 1
DETAIL - 2
DETAIL - 4
DETAIL - 3
MODULER UNITMADE OUT OF 25mm Ø STEEL PIPE
BASIC SHELTERMADE OUT OF MULTIPLE MODULE
JOINT WITH "T" ELBOW
FIXEING OF MODULE UNIT WITH GROUND
CONNECTION OF TWO MODULE UNITS
FIXING WALL PANEL WITH MODULE UNIT
FIXING OF ROOFING WITH MODULE UNIT
1
4
23
BASIC MODULE
WALL
PANELING
A.C. CORRUGATED
ROOFING SHEET
STORAGE SHELF
(8mm AC PLAIN SHEETS)
0.23 LONG ,12mm Ø
IRON CLEMP FIXED
WITH GROUND
FINISH GROUND
THREADED BOLT
STEEL PIPE OF
MODULE UNIT
STUDY OF CYCLONE RELIEF SHELTER AND
WORKERS HOUSING :
SALT PAN AREA OF KANDLA
SHIRISH AVRANIGOVT. OF GUJARAT
Revenue Department 3.3.3 PROPOSED BLUEPRINT FOR
TEMPORARY SHELTER-SYSTEM DESIGN 21
EMERGENCY SHELTER DESIGN FOR EARTHQUAKE VICTIMS Kutchh, Gujarat 2001
![Page 85: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
ALTERNATIVE -1
ROOM KITCHEN
TOI.
ROOM ROOM
KITCHENTOI.
ALTERNATIVE -2
ALTERNATIVE -3
SINGLE ROOM UNIT SINGLE ROOM KITCHEN TOILET
SINGLE ROOM KITCHEN
TOILETPLAN PLAN
PLAN
Design Alternatives
The modular system provides various design alternatives . Depending upon the
family requirements and space availability the plan can be worked out
Alternative -1 One room shelter
Alternative -2 One room + Kitchen + Toilet – Linear arrangement
Alternative -3 One room + Kitchen + Toilet - Square arrangement
A Temporary hospital of eleven beds was constructed within eight hours at
Samakhiyali for earthquake victims during January 2001 earthquake.
![Page 86: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
COST ESTIMATE OF SINGLE SHELTER UNIT (January 2001)
Floor Area 11'-0" X 8' -3" = 90.75 Sq.Ft.
No Particular Quantity Unit Rate Amount
1 31 mm OD. M.S. Pipes 325 RFT 13.50 4387.50
2 Three way elbo 52 No. 27.00 1404.00
3 Union 13 No. 32.00 416.00
4 12 inch long U-pins 18 No. 25.00 450.00
5 J - Bolts 14 No. 3.00 42.00
6 Clams and bolts 42 No. 7.00 294.00
7 Nevar Patti 1 No. 70.00 910.00
8 Curved Corrugated Roofing sheets 4 No. 489.00 1956.00
9 6 mm A.C. Sheets 2 No. 108.00 216.00
10 Labour charges for cutting and threading 13 No. 100.00 1300.00
11 Raw material Carting Lum sum 50.00
12 Contingency (5%) 575.00
TOTAL 12000.50
![Page 87: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Learning from others - Wooden temporary shelter by one of the
NGO in Bhachau.
![Page 88: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
![Page 89: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
![Page 90: Destruction and reconstruction of kutch some observations by shirish avrani](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021814/58eeb7f71a28abe1238b4577/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Thank You