Constructive /Destructive ForcesSponge 1. Day 2Inner Structure of the Earth

Student name___________________Teacher _______________________

1. What is true about the earthʼs crust?

T or F The Earthʼs crust is made of rock.

T or F The Earthʼs crust is thick melted rock.

T or F The Earthʼs crust is thicker than the inner layers.

T or F The Earthʼs land forms are found on Earthʼs crust.

2. What is true about the mantle of the earth?

T or F The mantle is a solid piece of rock.

T or F The mantle is thick liquid rock.

T or F The mantle is the outside layer of the earth.

T or F The mantle is hotter than the crust.

Sponge 2. Day 3Landforms

Fill in the blank lines with the layers of the Earth

1. Mountains can be found on the ocean floor, deep under the sea.

2. The outer layer of the earth is called the core.

3. The outer layer of the earth floats on the mantle.

4. The continental crust is thicker but of lighter rock than the oceanic crust.

Fill in the blank lines with T (true) or F (false)

INNER CORE

OUTER CORE

MANTEL

CRUST

T

T

F

T

A flat area of rock with steep sides smaller than a plateau.

A large mass of ice that flows over land.

An opening in the Earthʼs surface through which melted rock, ash and gases can flow out of the inside of the Earth.

A large stream of water usually emptying into a lake or the ocean.

A group of mountains close to one another.

A long narrow valley with steep sides.

A long lowland between mountains or hills.

A river

A cave

A valley

A volcano

A Canyon

A mountain range

A mesa

5. Draw lines connecting the picture with the correct definition and then to the name. Use the mountain range as an example of how to do the rest.

ICE

A very large hole or open space underground or in the side of a cliff A glacier

1. As in your sand box landscape, this drawing shows many of the landforms we are learning about. From the word bank, write the name of each landform by the arrow that points to it.

HillsMountainsGlacierCanyonOcean

WORD BANK

ValleyDeltaIslandRiver

Sponge 3. Day 4More Landforms

HILLSMOUNTAINS GLACIER

VALLEY CANYON

DELTA

ISLAND

OCEAN

RIVER

Sponge 4. Day 5Earthʼs crust

1. What does this map show about the Earthʼs crust?

a. that the Earthʼ s surface is flat c. that the Earthʼs crust is made up of big pieces of rock called platesb. that the Earthʼs crust is a solid d. how the ocean currents move

2. The arrows show

a. the direction the plates move c. the direction the ocean currents moveb. the direction the winds blow d. lines of longitude on a map of the Earth

3. Which of these drawings of plates shows them pushing into each other? (circle the correct choice)

a. b. c.

Sponge 5. Day 6More Earthʼs crust

2. The plates of the Earthʼs crust move in three ways. Label the diagrams below that show the ways that places can move.

Two plates can Two plates can

.

Two plates can

3.. Plate movement can cause

a. volcanos, mountains and earthquakes c. deltas and glaciersb. floods, hurricanes, and tornadoes d. mesas, canyons, and plains

1. Mark true or false

The Earthʼs crust is made of molten (melted ) rock called magma.The plates of the Earthʼs crust float on molten (melted) rock called magma.

The plates of the Earthʼs crust move around slowly.The plates of the Earthʼs crust never move.

The plates of the Earthʼs crust sometimes move away from one another.The molten rock in the mantle can never break though the crust.When there is a hole or crack in the crust of the Earth the molten rock in the mantle comes to the surface and hardens into solid rock.

T or FT or F

T or FT or FT or F

T or FT or F

T or F

T or F The Earthʼs crust is made up of huge solid rock pieces called plates.

The plates of the Earthʼs crust sometimes very slowly push together.

When magma flows onto the surface of the Earth, it is called lava.T or F

MOVE APARTSLIDE PAST EACH OTHER PUSH TOGETHER

3. What would be the result of oceanic plates pulling apart?

a. The escaping magma would pile up c. Over a very long time mountains will build upb. The magma would cool and turn into rock d. all of the above are correct

Sponge 6Rotation and revolution

Sponge 6Rotation and revolution

Sponge 6Rotation and revolution

Sponge 6. Day 7 Earthʼs Plates

1.. The red hot, thick oozy material that lies just under the Earthʼs crust is called:

a. liquid iron c. magma b. batter d. mantle

2. When two oceanic plates pull apart as shown in the diagram, what would you expect to happen?

a. The ocean water would get cooler c. a deep trench would form between the two platesb. magma would ooze out d. nothing, the plates are too big to pull apart

Sponge 7. Day 8Earthʼs Plates

2. This ia a diagram showing two continental plates pushing together. Which of the following would not occur as a result.

a. A chain of mountains will formb. A deep trench will formc. Earthquakes will occurd. The land on both plates+ is lifted.

1. What is happening in this diagram?

a. Two continental plates are colliding.b. The plate with lighter crust is being forced down.c. An oceanic plate is being forced under a continental plated. Two oceanic plates are moving apart.

Sponge 8. Day 9Review

Yesterday we learned that the hands could bu used to represent the plates of the earthʼs surface.

1. Drawing “A” on the right is how we represented:

a. Oceanic plates pulling apart.b. Two plates sliding past one another.c. A continental plate going under an oceanic plate.d. Mountains being formed as plates push together.

2. Drawing “B” on the right is how we represented:

a. Oceanic plates pulling apart.b. Two plates sliding past one another.c. A continental plate going under an oceanic plate.d. Mountains being formed as plates push together.

3.. What do the raised thumbs in drawing “B” represent?

a. Magma pushing up between the plates.b. Nothing, they are just part of the hands.c. They show the force that is separating the plates.d. Large rocks that are keeping the plates apart.

A.

B.

C .

D.

4... In drawing “C” we represent two plates sliding past one another that get hung up on something that does not let them move (our thumbs).. By continuing to push harder, we can cause the thumbs to break free. If this happened between two of Earths plates, what would likely happen?

a. Volcanos.b. Tornados.c. Hurricanes.d. Earthquakes.

5. Drawing “D” on the right represents:

a. A continental plate sliding under an oceanic plate.b. Two continental plates pushing together making mountains.c. Two oceanic plates separating causing Earthquakes.d. An oceanic plate sliding under a continental plate.

6. In drawing “D”, the finger sticking out from the left hand represents:

a. Volcanosb. Earthquakes.c. High plateaus.d. Deep canyons.

.

Sponge 9. Day 10More review

1. What is created when magma pushes through the crust and lava flows onto the land?

a. a glacier is formedb. a trench is formedc. a continental plate is formedd. new land is formed.

2.. New mountains can be created when:

a. When a volcano erupts at a hot spot.b. When two continents collidec. When two oceanic plates move apart and the magma oozes out or erupts from a volcano.d. All of the above.

Sponge 10. Day 11Weathering and Erosion

1 Over time, millions or even thousands, of years, the earthʼs surface is constantly changing.

(True) (False)

2 New land can be created by lava flowing onto the land. Likewise, landforms can be broken down by the process of:

a. Depositionb. Volcano eruptionsc. Landform upliftingd. Weathering:

4. The breaking of rocks into smaller and smaller pieces, is the definition of:

a. Depositionb. Volcano eruptionsc. Landform upliftingd. Weathering:

3. Newly formed mountains generally have sharp pointed peaks like the one shown in diagram “A”. After millions of years, these sharp peaked mountain become rounded and look more like the mountains in diagram “B”. What causes mountains as they age to become smaller and more rounded?

a. earthquakes and volcanos c. magma cooling on the earth surface.b. weathering and erosion d. ultraviolet rays from the Sun and Moon

A. B.

Sponge 11. Day 12Weathering and Erosion

1. Water trapped inside cracks in rocks may freeze. Frozen water expands and can cause:

a. the rocks to become harder c. earthquakes to occurb. the pressure of the magma under the crust to increase. d. rocks to break apart

2. Plants are growing in this rock. When plants, particularly trees, grow in rocks their roots cause

a. the rock to break into smaller pieces b. the rocks to expand and grow bigger c. the rock to become smoother d. the rock to explode

Diagram A Diagram B

3. At one time the land shown in the diagram was flat as in diagram A.. What has caused the change shown in diagram B?

a. earthquakes occurring c. a river flowing over the rock b. volcanos erupting d. glaciers moving over the rock

4. What landform results in diagram B?

a. Desert c. Mountain b. Delta d. Canyon

Sponge 12. Day 13 Erosion

Sponge 13. Day 14To weathering and erosion,add deposition

1. This diagram shows a deep canyon like the Grand Canyon. What caused the Grand Canyon to form?

a. weathering and erosion by water and wind b. earthquakes c. two of Earthʼs plates separating d. deposition

2 How long did it take take for the Grand Canyon to form?

a less than 100 years b. hundreds of years c. thousands of years d. millions of years

1. Match the word with its definition:

______ 1. weathering a. rock, soil or shell pieces carried by wind, water or ice and later deposited.

______ 2. eroding b. moving rock pieces or soil by water, wind or ice

______ 3. deposition c. the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces by wind, water or ice.

______ 4. sediment d. when broken up rock or soil is dropped in a new place

2 The mouth of the Mississippi River looks something like this. Sand and soil from up stream is carried in the fast moving water, but when the water slows down, these sediments are dropped out causing a delta to form What is THE the name given to this process?

a Deposition b. Weathering c. Erosion d. Watering

Sea

a

b

c

d

Sponge 14. Day 15soil

Sponge 15. Day 16 observe sand, dry clay, wet clay and humus.

1 Soil is made up of::

a. Weathered rockb. Humus (remains of dead plants and animals)c. Water and aird. All of the above.

a. sand, silt, clay & humus c. pebbles, gravel, sand, clayb. topsoil, subsoil, weathered rock, bedrock d. weathered rocks, mineral, water , air

2. What are the four main types of soil?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

LARGESTSIZEDPARTICLES

smallestsized particles

* 3 On the line, arrange these 5 kinds of weathered rock from the biggest to smallest

particles: clay, gravel, sand, boulders, siltThen circle the pieces of weathered rock that are types of soil.

clay humus

50 mL of water was added to each funnel

40 mL of water15 mL of water

1. . The results of the experiment above comparing clay and sand show that :

a. humus retained more water than clay c. clay retained more water than humusb. sand dissolved in water d. clay dissolved in water

2. Which soil would be best for growing plants?

a. Sandb. Humusc. Clayd. A mixture of sand, clay and humus

GRAVELBOLDER SAND CLAYSILT