destinations: using tourism to make better places to live in filecultural or religious...
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Destinations:UsingTourismtoMakeBetterPlacestoLiveIn
EmeritusProfessorDrHaroldGoodwinResponsibleTourismPartnership
WTMResponsibleTourismAdvisorwww.haroldgoodwin.info
Tour Operator Inbound Operator Hotelier/Accommodation
Local/National
Government
AttractionManagers
National Parks/Heritage
LocalCommunity
TouristsTravellers
Holidaymakers
Taking and Exercising Responsibility
Economic, Social & Environmental
Principle of Sustainablity
WTO Global Code of Ethics
Taking responsibility
You cannot outsource responsibility ..
Whose responsibility? Everyone’s
Nobody’s
Whoseresponsibilityisit?Everybody’sandNobody’s
• Hotelsandaccommodationowners• Airlines&carhirecompanies• Tourists• Communities• OverseasTourOperators/Organisers• GroundHandlers/localagents• GuideBookWritersandGuides• NationalandLocalGovernment• Police&Judiciaryetc
Thechallenge…..
• tousetourismachievesustainabledevelopment• sustainabledevelopmentthroughtourism• theaspirationofResponsibleTourismistousetourismratherthantobeusedbyit.
• Itisaboutwhatproducersandconsumersdo.• Itisaboutwhatwedototackletheissueswhichmatterlocally
SirColinMarshallBritishAirways1994
Tourismandthetravelindustry“isessentiallytherentingoutforshort-termlets,ofotherpeople’senvironments,whetherthatisacoastline,acity,amountainrangeorarainforest.These‘products’mustbekeptfreshandunsulliednotjustforthenextday,butforeverytomorrow”
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OurholidaystheirhomesTourism is unusual in that consumers travel to the destination (the factory) to consume the product.
Much closer to the producers the workers
Opportunities for additional sales of goods and services: Complementary products
Culture&Tourism“Youreverydaylifeissomeoneelse’sadventure”
SwedishNGOfly-postinginLjubljana,Summer1997
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Successfultouristdestinations
• offerthevisitorsomethingunique
• theycreateasenseofplace,anidentitywhichisdifferentfromtheircompetitors….
• notwocommunitiesareeverexactlythesame…
Whotoattract/invite?
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Pollutionfree?
ForFree?
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Thetragedyofthecommons• Publicrealmgoodsare
– Non-rival(light&view)– NonexcludableButnowherehasinfinitecapacity?Touristbehavioursaffectcapacity.
• “Thereinisthetragedy.Eachmanislockedintoasystemthatcompelshimtoincreasehisherdwithoutlimit-inaworldthatislimited.Ruinisthedestinationtowardwhichallmenrush,eachpursuinghisownbestinterestinasocietythatbelievesinthefreedomofthecommons.”
• Hardin1968
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Itisnottourismuntilitissold
Peopledon’tbuylandscapesor“villagelife”
Themainattractionisthepublicrealm
Thepublicrealmisforfree–butitneedstobecleaned&maintained
Crowding
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Thetragedyofthecommons• Publicrealmgoodsare
– Non-rival(light&view)– NonexcludableButnowherehasinfinitecapacity?Touristbehavioursaffectcapacity.
• “Thereinisthetragedy.Eachmanislockedintoasystemthatcompelshimtoincreasehisherdwithoutlimit-inaworldthatislimited.Ruinisthedestinationtowardwhichallmenrush,eachpursuinghisownbestinterestinasocietythatbelievesinthefreedomofthecommons.”
• Hardin1968
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SomePrinciples1. Makingbetterplacestolivein2. Focusonlocaleconomicbenefit&community
development–whereisitneededandforwhatpurpose?
3. Oversupplyisbestavoided–matchsupplyanddemand[trophyhotels]
4. Increaselengthofstay5. Access=egress6. SenseofPlace:distinctiveness7. Managingovertourismisbestavoided–spread&
containinsacrificezones
Whomanages?
1. Nobody?2. Localauthorities3. Protectedareas4. Culturalorreligiousleaders/managers5. Attractionowners
Veryoftennobody
• BuildingControls• Transport&roads• Landuseplanning• Planning
permission
Wholeofgovernmentapproach
• Thedestinationispeopledandthepeoplearerepresentedbyelectedpoliticiansandgovernedthroughadministrativestructures
• Promotionandmanagementorgovernancearebestseparated.
• Everydepartmentofgovernmenthassomecapacitytoassistinmanagingtourism–crossgovernmentcommittees
Therealisationofbenefitsdependson
• thecreationofemploymentatallskilllevelsandwherethereisexistingcapacity–wage/progression/additionalincome
• theadditionalfacilities,restaurants,festivals,markets,attractionsandretail….;
• theextentoflinkagestoexistinglocaleconomy-maximiselinkagesandminimiseleakages
• Itisnotjustaboutthemoney:senseofpridegeneratedby“beingknown”
• theextentoflocal/non-localownershipoftouristenterprises–smallscaleandlowrisk.
Beveryrealisticaboutdemand• Destinations• Sufficientlypowerfulto
attractpeopletotravel–magnets.
• Marketsegmentation– Dayexcursions– Domesticorregionaltourists
–expatriates– Internationaltouristsfrom
abroadandin-country
• Attractions– Magnets– Complementaryand
incidentalexperiencesandservices• Foodanddrink• Markets• Craftworkers(tailormade)• Guidedvisitstofarmland,schools..
• Music&storytelling
Makingbettertourism….
• Accentuatingthepositive…• Minimisingthenegative….
• Buildingmeaning…..• Positiveimpact,reducingrisk,improvingthebottomline
• Creatingsustainablebusiness..
TakingResponsibility
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http://haroldgoodwin.info/links/http://responsibletourismpartnership.org