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EDIZIONI POLI. DESIGN DESIGNING SUSTAINABILITY FOR ALL 3 rd LeNS world distributed conference VOL. 2 Edited by Marcelo Ambrosio and Carlo Vezzoli MILANO MEXICO CITY CURITIBA CAPE TOWN BANGALORE BEIJING 3-5 April 2019 Proceedings of the ISBN 978-88-95651-26-2

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Page 1: DESIGNING SUSTAINABILITY FOR ALL · design toolkit for sustainable ideation ameya dabholkar, shivangi pande, ... systemic design, motivations and values of the circular economy companies

EDIZIONIPOLI.DESIGN

DESIGNINGSUSTAINABILITYFOR ALL

3rd LeNS world distributed conferenceVOL. 2

Edited by Marcelo Ambrosio and Carlo Vezzoli

MILANO MEXICO CITY CURITIBA CAPE TOWN BANGALORE BEIJING

3-5 April 2019

Proceedings of the

ISBN 978-88-95651-26-2

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Edited by Marcelo Ambrosio and Carlo Vezzoli

Double-Blind Peer Review.

Scientific Commetee:Carlo Vezzoli, Politecnico di Milano, ItalyAguinaldo dos Santos, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil Leonardo Castillo, Universidad Federal de Pernambuco Claudio Pereira Sampaio, Londrina State UniversityRanjani Balasubramanian, Srishti Institute of Art Design and TechnologyRavi Mokashi, Indian Institute of technology Guwahati Brenda Garcia, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, MexicoRodrigo Lepez Vela, Universidad dela Valle de México Ephias Ruhode, Cape Peninsula University of Technology Elmarie Costandius, Stellenbosch University, South Africa Xin Liu, Tsinghua University, China Jun Zhang, Hunan University, China Fabrizio Ceschin, Brunel University, United Kingdom Cindy Kohtala, Aalto University, Finland Jan Carel Diehl, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands

Graphic project by:Roman Maranov, Politecnico di Milano, ItalyXinrui Wang, Politecnico di Milano, ItalyYuting Zhang, Politecnico di Milano, ItalyGiacomo Bevacqua, Politecnico di Milano, Italy

This Work is Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike CC BY-NCSA For full details on the license, go to: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/5

The proceedings are also available at: www.lensconference3.org

ISBN: 978-88-95651-26-2

Published by © 2019 Edizioni POLI.design Address: via Durando 38/A – 20158 MilanoTel. 02-2399.7206 Fax 02-2399.5970e-mail: [email protected]: www.polidesign.net

First Edition

Endorsment:

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CONTENTSVOLUME 2 (paper in this volume)

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4. SYSTEM AND CIRCULAR DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY

SYSTEM DESIGN FOR TERRITORIAL CYCLE TOURISM Alessio D’Onofrio

DESIGN TOOLKIT FOR SUSTAINABLE IDEATION Ameya Dabholkar, Shivangi Pande, Puneet Tandon

THE SUSTAINABILITY OF PACKAGING FOR E-COMMERCE: FROM SYSTEM TO PRODUCT.

Amina Pereno, Silvia Barbero

SUSTAINABLE INTERACTION FOR MOBILITY SYSTEM Andrea Arcoraci

DESIGN AND AGRIFOOD FOR NEW SUSTAINABLE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT C. Anna Catania , Aurora Modica

ZERO KILOMETRE PLANTS PRODUCTION. AN INTEGRATED DESIGN APPLICATION Attilio Nebuloni, Giorgio Buratti, Matteo Meraviglia

DESIGN FOR CIRCULAR ECONOMY - A RE-THINKING PROGRESS IN THE WAY WE MAKE, BUY AND USE THINGS Barbara Wong

DESIGNING SUSTAINABLE AND HEALTHY FOOD SYSTEMS THROUGH CATERING: THE ROLE OF DESIGNERS Berill Takacs

SYSTEMIC DESIGN DELIVERING POLICY FOR FLOURISHING CIRCULAR REGIONS Carolina Giraldo Nohra

SUSTAINABLE CYCLE DESIGN AND EXPLORATION BASED ON TRADITIONAL GARBAGE COLLECTION MODEL Cheng Lin He 345

WHAT REALLY MATTERS? SYSTEMIC DESIGN, MOTIVATIONS AND VALUES OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY COMPANIES IN ITALY Chiara Battistoni, Silvia Barbero 351

IS DESIGN PLAYING A ROLE IN THE REALISATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY PROJECTS IN EUROPE? A CASE STUDY ANALYSIS. 356

“THE SEVEN TREES SIGNIFICANCE”. THE BENEDICTINE MONKS’ AGROSILVOPASTORAL PRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Prof. arch. Claudio Gambardella, Dott. Raoul Romano 362

ECOLOGICAL DESIGN THINKING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY David Sánchez Ruano, PhD 366

DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS AND SUFFICIENT CONSUMPTION SCENARIOS:A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Iana Uliana Perez, Mônica Moura, Suzana Barreto Martins, Jacob Mathew, Fayiqa Halim 371

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DESIGN FOR A SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION OF THE ITALIAN COMPANIES: THE ECODESIGNLAB EXPERIENCE Jacopo Mascitti, Daniele Galloppo 384

DESIGN AND TRANSITION MANAGEMENT: VALUE OF SYNERGY FOR SUSTAINABILITY Jotte de Koning 390

DESIGN AND NATURE: NEW WAYS OF KNOWING FOR SUSTAINABILITY Kate Fletcher, Louise St Pierre, Mathilda Tham 396

CO-DESIGNING A COMMUNITY CENTRE IN USING MULTI-MODAL INTERVENTIONS Kim Berman (Visual Art), Boitumelo Kembo-Tolo (Multi-Media) 401

CRAFTING SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH SMALL, LOCAL, OPEN AND CONNECTED ENTERPRISES ON THE CANADIAN PRAIRIES: THE CASE OF MANITOBAN CRAFT BREWERIES Iain Davidson-Hunt, Kurtis Ulrich, Hannah Muhajarine 406

CASULO VERDE PROJECT: A SYSTEMIC APPROACH TO DESIGN MANAGEMENT. Larissa Fontoura Berlato, Isabel Cristina Moreira Victoria, Luiz Fernando Gonçalves de Figueiredo, 412

MAPPING & CLASSIFYING BUSINESS MODELS TO REPLACE SINGLE-USE PACKAGING IN THE FOOD & BEVERAGE INDUSTRY: A STRATEGIC DESIGN TOOL Noha Mansour, Fabrizio Ceschin, David Harrison, Yuan Long 418

CLIMATE SWITCH: DESIGN LED SYSTEM RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE INDUCED BY CONSUMPTION Palash Ghawde, Bindiya Mutum, Praveen Nahar 424

FARM ONTOLOGY: A SYSTEM THINKING APPROACH FOR PLANNING AND MONITORING FARM ACTIVITIES Pasqualina Sacco, Raimondo Gallo, Fabrizio Mazzetto 429

INCLUSIVE CIRCULAR ECONOMY: AN APPROACH FOR EMERGING ECONOMIES Priscilla R. Lepre, Leonardo Castillo 435

PARTICIPATORY AND SUSTAINABLE STRATEGY-MAKING FOR COMMUNITY RENEWAL: THE CASE OF IAO HON IN MACAO Yan Xiaoyi, Zhou Long, Guoqiang Shen 441

5. DESIGN FOR SOCIAL EQUITY, INCLUSION AND COHESION

TRANSDISCIPLINARY AND INTERCULTURAL FIELD STUDY AS A NEW APPROACH TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE DESIGNERLY Yue Zou, Zhiyuan Ou, 448

CERNE PROJECT AND REMEXE COLLECTION: ACTIONS IN SOCIAL DESIGN IN SEARCH OF SOCIAL INNOVATIONS OF SYSTEMIC CHARACTER Juliana Pontes Ribeiro, Adriana Tonani Mazzieiro, Gabriel Julian Wendling 454

TOWARDS INCLUSIVITY: EXPLORING THE IMPLICATIONS OF MULTI-SENSORY AND PARTICIPATORY DESIGN APPROACHES IN A SOUTH AFRICAN CONTEXT Alexis Wellman, Karolien Perold-Bull, 459

THE OPPORTUNITIES OF SUSTAINABLE HOUSING TO PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY Anahí Ramírez Ortíz 467

DESIGN FOR ALL TO SUSTAINABILITY FOR ALL SOCIETY Antonio Marano, Giuseppe Di Bucchianico 473

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INTILANGA: THE HUMAN-CENTRED DESIGN OF AN OFF-GRID FOOD PROCESSING SYSTEM FOR MICRO-ENTERPRISES WITHIN JOHANNESBURG Antonio Marin, Martin Bolton 478

SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY AND VIRTUAL REALITY HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS: A REVIEW OF THE USE OF IMMERSIVE SYSTEMS IN THE AID OF WELL-BEING Antônio Roberto Miranda de Oliveira, Amilton José Vieira de Arruda 484

RESEARCH ON DESIGN EMPOWERMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE ELDERLY IN COMMUNITY Binbin Zheng, Miaosen Gong, Zi Yang 490

FRAMEWORK OF ANALYTICAL DIMENSIONS AND DESIGN APPROACHES FOR SOCIAL INNOVATION Camila Ferrari Krassuski, Liliane Iten Chaves 496

COLLECTIVIZATION OF DESIGN AND DIGITAL MANUFACTURING: SOCIAL LABORATORIES Daniel Llermaly Larraín 502

FOSTERING SOCIAL INNOVATION THROUGH SOCIAL INCUBATORS AND CORPORATE SOCIAL INCUBATORS: EVIDENCE FROM ITALY Davide Viglialoro, Paolo Landoni 507

UN-NUANCES OF CO-DESIGNING AND CO-CREATING: A DESIGN THINKING APPROACH WITHIN A ‘ZONGO’ COMMUNITY IN GHANA

513

THE DESIGN OF BANYANKOLE TRADITIONAL HOUSE: POWER DIMENSIONS, HOSPITALITY AND BEDROOM DYNAMICS Emmanuel Mutungi 518

CHALLENGE BASED INNOVATION FOR HUMANITARIAN PURPOSES:DESIGNING A WEB-APP TO FIGHT OBESITY. RESULTS OF THEPORT_2018 PIER 32Eveline Wandl-Vogt, Amelie Dorn, Enric Senabre Hidalgo, James Jennings,eGiuseppe Reale,

KAROLOS POTAMIANOS 524

USER EXPERIENCE IN DESIGN TARGETING POVERTY ALLEVIATION: A CASE STUDY OF “SHANJU RENOVATION” ACTIVITY IN MAGANG VILLAGE

FEI HU, JIXING SHI, 529

DESIGNING SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY FOR PEOPLE AT RISK OF SOCIAL ISOLATION – TWO CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES FROM SINGAPORE AND FRANCEHenriette Cornet, Penny Kong, Flore Vallet, Anna Lane, Yin Leng Theng 535

RESEARCH ON THE DESIGN OF SUSTAINABLE BATH EQUIPMENT IN POOR RURAL AREAS OF HEBEI HuHong, Li Heng 541

MAKING A COMIC ABOUT WESTBURY’S ANTI-APARTHEID ACTIVIST, FLORRIE DANIELS Florrie Daniels, Jean Bollweg 546

FROM ROBOTS TO HUMANS: PROSTHETICS FOR ALL Maria Rosanna Fossati, Manuel Giuseppe Catalano, Giorgio Grioli,Antonio Bicchi 552

DESIGNING SUSTAINABILITY FOR ALL OR CO-DESIGNING SUSTAINABILITY WITH ALL? Marie Davidová 558

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DESIGN FOR SOCIAL INNOVATION WITHIN A VULNERABLE GROUP. LESSONS LEARNT FROM THE EXPERIMENTATION VIVICALUSCA IN ITALY Daniela Selloni, Martina Rossi 564

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN IDEA FOR ALL PEOPLE Dong Meihui 570

THE FUTURE IS FRUGAL Naga Nandini Dasgupta, Sudipto Dasgupta 574

#ECOTERACY, DESIGNING AN INFO INCLUSIVE AND UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE OF SUSTAINABILITY Nina Costa, Alexandra Duborjal Cabral, Cristóvão Gonçalves, Andreia Duborjal Cabral, Isabel Vasconcelos, Dânia Ascensão, Adriana Duarte 580

CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE FOR ALL: SUSTAINABLE FRUITION OF SITES BEYOND PHYSICAL ACCESSIBILITY Paola Barcarolo, Emilio Rossi 585

ADOPTION OF BIO-BASED ECONOMIES IN RURAL KENYA FOR IMPROVED LIVELIHOODS Pauline N. Mutura, WairimuMaina, Peter Kamau 591

DESIGN DISCRIMINATION–REFLECTION FOR CRITICAL THINKING Ravi Mani 597

ORGANIC FARMING AS A LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITY AND WELL BEING FOR SUNDARBAN FARMERS Sanjukta Ghosh 602

ERSILIALAB IN MILAN. A PARTICIPATORY EXPERIENCE TO DESIGN NEW WAYS FOR ROMA’S SOCIAL INCLUSION Silvia Nessi, Beatrice Galimberti 608

REVITALIZING MARGINALIZED COMMUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT BY DESIGN Tao Huang, Eric Anderson 614

THE CONTRIBUTION OF COMMUNICATION DESIGN TO ENCOURAGE GENDER EQUALITY Valeria Bucchetti, Francesca Casnati 619

APPLYING HUMAN-CENTERED TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR SUSTAINABLE BUSINESSES IN INDIAN INFORMAL ECONOMIES Vivek Chondagar 624

STUDY ON SUSTAINABILITY OF WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN TRADITIONAL VILLAGES IN WESTERN ZHEJIANG PROVINCE - TAKING SHEN’AO VILLAGE IN ZHEJIANG PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE Zhang Yao, Zhou Haoming 629

SUSTAINABLE RURAL TOURISM SERVICE SYSTEM DESIGN THAT BALANCES LOCAL REVITALIZATION AND EXTERNAL INVOLVEMENT—TAKING THE AKEKE AS AN EXAMPLE Yiting Zhao, Jun Zhang 634

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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DESIGN FOR SOCIAL INNOVATION WITHIN A VULNERABLE GROUP. LESSONS LEARNT FROM THE EXPERIMENTATION VIVICALUSCA IN ITALY Daniela SelloniDepartment of Design, Politecnico di Milano, Via Durando 38a, 20158 Milan, [email protected] RossiDepartment of Design, Politecnico di Milano, Via Durando 38a, 20158 Milan, [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This contribution outlines the project ViviCalusca as an experimentation of enhancing social innovation within a vulnerable group in Milan, living in a public housing located in Vicolo Calusca. The aim of the project was to over-come their situation of fragility by engaging them in various activities and applying a set of diverse approaches and techniques, coming from theatre, sociology and design.

As researchers in design for social innovation, we mainly used co-design and service design methods and tools: more precisely we planned a path of light co-design sessions to activate a sustainable micro-economy of exchange and gift among people in the neighbourhood.

This project led us to reflect upon our contribution as designers within a group with such a level of social vul-nerability: we understood that the co-design process itself was more important than results, as it worked better as a form of community engagement rather than producing effective ‘design’ results.Key Words: Design for social innovation, service design, collaborative services, vulnerable groups.

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1. BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE: SOCIAL INNOVATION, VULNERABLE GROUPS AND POSSIBLE DESIGN

CONTRIBUTION

In recent years, the concept of social innovation has become highly popular in different domains, raising the interest of policymakers, economic leaders, researchers and multiple types of organisations. Social innovation is widely recog-nized as a possible solution to tackle the most urgent challenges of our era and this popularity also generated a stress of the notion, stretching social innovation in so many directions that it is at breaking point (Grimm et al., 2013).

In this paper we specifically consider one possible definition of social innovation, developed within the Euro-pean project SIMPACT, and characterised by an explicit connection with the notion of vulnerable groups: “a novel combination of ideas and distinct forms of collaboration that transcend established institutional con-texts with the effect of empowering and (re-)engaging vulnerable groups either in the process of social innovation or as a result of it” (Rehfeld et al., 2015 p.6). Hence, this conceptualisation places emphasis on vulnerable and marginalised groups who are not able to fully participate in the economic, social, political and cultural life of the society.

Italian sociologist Costanzo Ranci analysed the current characteristics of social vulnerability, distinguishing between ‘old social risks’ (mostly connected with middle or old age) and ‘new social risks’ which do not affect only personal incomes, but also more complex aspects such as housing deprivation, unstable employment, tensions be-tween work and childcare and the living conditions of the elderly. This means to reflect on solitude and isolation, on the integrity of relations between generations and the reorganisation of families around caregiving activities (Ranci, 2010). More specifically, vulnerable groups are those people who are more exposed to instability and weak integra-tion in society: “it is from the instability of the social position occupied that the notion of vulnerability draws its relevance” (Ranci, 2010 p. 17).

The ViviCalusca project, which is the main object of this paper, was developed precisely to produce and answer to the local conditions of exclusion and instability of a vulnerable group: the community of inhabitants of the public housing located in Vicolo Calusca in the Italian city of Milan. In this context, social innovation may be considered as a possible solution to support the empowerment of a vulnerable group. According to the SIMPACT research, “so-cial innovators develop products, processes and services linked to the development of social competences (empower-ment) within these vulnerable groups in order to reduce their vulnerability, that is, the degree of exposure to the risk of structural exclusion” (Castro Spila, Luna and Unceta, 2016 p. 6). As researchers in design for social innovation, our contribution to the ViviCalusca project was to use our competences to promote “a constellation of design ini-tiatives geared to making social innovation more probable, effective, long-lasting and apt to spread” (Manzini, 2014 p.60). More explicitly, to use design approach, methods and tools to engage people in a process of activation and possible re-inclusion.

During the whole project we adopted an approach known as community-centred design (Meroni, 2008): this approach provides for the presence of designers in the community for long enough to activate particular initiatives, creating a common and shared aim, enabling the community itself to pursue a path of innovation.

In particular, we used our competences in service design and co-design as our aim was to activate a micro-econ-omy of exchange and gift among people of Vicolo Calusca. In fact, according to Manzini (2015), when dealing with design for social innovation, service design and co-design seem to be crucial: the first one focuses on the quality of interactions and possible relations, the second one focuses on the enactment of pluralistic processes that may con-tribute to build a community (or to reinforce it). Hence, in this scenario, design for social innovation (meaning a combination of community centred-design, service and co-design) was experimentally adopted to improve the conditions of a vulnerable group, enabling them to follow a path of activation beneficial on one side to overcome isolation and on the other to set favourable conditions for making things happen, from simple collective activities to actual collaborative services.

2. CONTEXT: VICOLO CALUSCA AND THE PROJECT VIVICALUSCA

The public housing complex of Vicolo Calusca is located in Corso di Porta Ticinese, in the very centre of Milan, and it consists of 162 apartments inhabited by 234 residents. The majority of residents is composed by elderly peo-ple who were originally migrants from South Italy and have lived in the neighbourhood for several years, then there are newly arrived migrants and few families. Some inhabitants are disabled and others are former inmates.

Most of the residents of Vicolo Calusca experience some of the problems that Ranci (2010) identified as dis-tinctive of social vulnerability: integrated poverty, housing deprivation and critical living conditions in the elderly age. In particular, this last problem is the most diffused, because of a reduction in the informal care provided by families, a high number of elderly living alone, the presence of dependent people who require long term care assis-tance. According to Ranci (2011), the condition of vulnerability is characterized by a state of weakness which expos-es a person to suffer negative consequences if a problematic situation arises. The elderly are vulnerable because they are highly exposed to damage: for example, dependent people may suffer severe impoverishment if they are alone or have no access to care services. A condition of vulnerability is experienced also by some migrants and families living in Vicolo Calusca, even if their degree of exposure is mainly due the instability of their situation, as they have inse-cure jobs and experience difficulties in the reconciliation of working and childcaring.

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This diffused situation of social vulnerability in Vicolo Calusca is not ignored by local authorities who at-tempted to provide some services: within the complex there is the CAM office of the area (CAM stands for Multi-functional Aggregation Centre, it is a public service aimed at social participation and the development of recreation-al, cultural, educational and sporting activities accessible to all age groups). There is also a social housing service (from the Social Policies Department) which provides specific assistance to the elderly, responding promptly to requests for any kind of help and accompaniment.

In addition, in 2017, the Cariplo Foundation (a local philanthropic organisation funding projects that helps social and civil organizations to better serve their own community) issued a call for action specifically for the public housing complex of Vicolo Calusca, with the purpose to enhance the social cohesion of residents, create networks of solidarity between the inhabitants and overcome their condition of loneliness and fragility.

A consortium of partners composed of the local association ‘Collaboriamo’, the theatre company ‘Le Compag-nie Malviste’, the research group of sociologists ‘TraiLab’ from Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and our research group POLIMI DESIS Lab, expert in design for social innovation from Politecnico di Milano, won the competition presenting the project ViviCalusca.

ViviCalusca was a 15-months project aimed at engaging and empowering the community of inhabitants of Vicolo Calusca. The project built upon the existence of an important collective space within the complex Vicolo Calusca, named ‘Cohub’ and owned by the Municipality of Milan. Collaboriamo, who was the coordinator of the project, run this space, with the objective to transform it into an actual community hub, a place for collecting the needs of the condominium and where to put in place collaborative solutions, sharing resources, skills and time. The Cohub was a small space placed in the courtyard of the condominium and it worked essentially as a venue for events and workshops dedicated to sharing economy, but, actually, residents of Vicolo Calusca did not consider that space as an asset to improve their daily life. We may say that residents neither considered the courtyard as a collective space. The inhabitants of Vicolo Calusca did not know each other, did not frequent each other, did not live the life of the courtyard. Hence, in the first phase, the ViviCalusca project attempted to organise a set of events and engage-ment activities to make people meet and socialise. This phase was in charge of Le Compagnie Malviste who applied a set of theatrical approaches and techniques to facilitate meetings and share moments.

Our work as design researchers should have come later, once the community was ‘established’, or, at least, once a group of more active people emerged to start a path of co-design sessions and develop some collaborative services to facilitate the daily life of the condominium. Actually, the first engagement stage needed much more time than expected: we may say that the whole project ViviCalusca was dedicated to this phase. There was a total lack of social cohesion, that, combined with the condition of social vulnerability, made the work of Le Compagnie Malviste more arduous and longer than planned.

During this phase we understood that our contribution as designers needed a strong revision, also because we discovered that numerous people had problems with literacy and cognitive engagement. Our aim was originally to support residents in developing sustainable collaborative services, in which users become co-creators and co-produc-ers of the service (Jégou and Manzini, 2008). But, given that situation, it was impossible to plan intensive co-design workshops and use traditional service design tools as we already did in previous projects with other communities.

In the next paragraph we will describe how we adapted our methods and tools to this peculiar situation and, in doing so, we learnt important lessons on our role and contribution as design researchers in social innovation.

3.PROCESS: A SET OF LIGHT CO-DESIGN ACTIVITIES TO ACTIVATE A LOCAL EXCHANGE AND GIFT ECONOMY

Given the complexity of the context and the limited inputs collected within the first phase, the entire set of activities organized by POLIMI DESIS Lab were conceived as ‘reflective attempts’, meaning that we used a deductive ap-proach and we were learning-by-doing (Schon, 1984). From time to time we were continuously learning something from the community and reflecting back in order to improve our next interventions in terms of efficacy.

Our primary contribution in the project ViviCalusca came right after the phase of general mapping of the context (resources, actors and places). The first activities that we organized were devoted to identifying possible areas of oppor-tunities to activate collaborative services, social events or different sort of exchanges. We called this activity ‘Ideas Stand’ because was conceived as a stand where passers-by could stop and share their preferences among a set of ideas that we suggested. The stand was set up in the patio in front of the Cohub space, so as to be in a visible and transit area where to attract the inhabitants without excessive insistence or intrusiveness. We also made it look attractive, placing lights and small rewards for the contributors, in order to create a pleasurable experience, being aware that “attractive material and good food are crucial factors for the successful undertaking” (Meroni, Selloni and Rossi, 2018 p.160).

Building upon multiple case studies identified both within the context and outside, we elaborated a series of scenarios of activities that could be carried out in the neighbourhood. The scenarios depicted included: neighbour-hood tours, neighbourhood living room (e.g. meeting space, reading groups, drawing), small domestic exchanges (e.g. help with shopping, small repairs), courses in handicrafts (e.g. embroidery, knitting, jewellery), dance groups, enter-tainment events (e.g. sporting events, cinema in the courtyard), cooking and eating together (e.g. cooking classes, neighbourhood dinners), second-hand market (e.g. flea market, clothes exchange), walking groups (e.g. mountain walks). We represented each scenario with a ‘card’ consisting of a representative image and an explanatory title so

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that the cards could work as ‘boundary objects’ (Star, 1988; Ehn, 2008) that, through evocative representations could stimulate the imagination of the participants.

The co-design activity basically consisted in involving the passers-by in expressing a preference among the scenarios and order the set of cards according to it on a board. The ‘Idea Stand’ represents an example of co-design activity that has been developed to facilitate a participation which was playful and not too demanding in cognitive terms and timing. It can be defined as ‘street co-design’ (or rather, ‘courtyard co-design’), in the sense that no specific appointment has been given to people, who were asked to carry out simple activities in an unconstrained and con-versational manner.

The ‘Ideas Stand’ was repeated during the event ‘Light up Calusca!’ held in May 2018. The whole event was aimed at starting to connect the whole community through a collective performance led by Le Compagnie Malviste. Since the event attracted and engaged a lot of people of the community, it was a favourable occasion to replicate the stand.

With the ‘Ideas Stand’ we managed to collect contributions from 30 people overall, which is not significant considering the total amount of people living in the condominium, but, given the general situation of distrust and diffidence, it may be considered as a relevant number. In general, the qualitative insights gathered were more in-teresting than the quantitative ones: the most important result that the entire project team acknowledged, was the success of the party-event held in May. From that experience, we noticed that the most pressing need of the commu-nity was precisely ‘to be engaged in something’ and that the activities they received with greater enthusiasm were the entertainment activities organized by third parties, in which the active participation of the inhabitants is limited.

Starting from this first understanding, we downsized again our second intervention, aimed at mapping resources and actors. Since we realized that the engagement of the group could hardly be stretched to proactive initiatives, we designed a tool to collect those ‘talents’ owned by the community, useful to shape a first prototype of a micro-econo-my of exchange. We called this activity ‘Talent Board’. It took place in July 2018 during one of the weekly meetings coordinated by Le Compagnie Malviste and the social operators at the Oratory of the Church of Sant’Eustorgio, frequented by people who live in the neighbourhood. The activity consisted in the compilation of a card, the ‘Talent card’, on which each participant wrote his/ her own ‘talent’, understood as a competence that could be made avail-able to others. The talents were intended as simple abilities such as cooking, sewing, teaching how to use a device and other sorts of domestic help. In the same way the ‘cards’ aimed at collecting what each one wanted to learn from the others. We collected all the filled card and hung them on the ‘Talent Board’ panel in order to start a discussion on possible exchanges, thus creating combinations. The exchanges included one to one and collective activities.

A total of 19 people took part to the ‘Talent Board’. Most of them were local residents over 65 years old and a group of girls, around 20s, from a host community not far from the project area.

One of the most interesting perspectives that emerged was that of a possible intergenerational exchange of skills between these two groups. According to this hypothesis, the older population of the neighbourhood could benefit from the support of the girls in improving digital skills and in the performance of daily tasks. The girls of the community, in return, could learn cooking tricks and practice conversation in Italian.

The value of the exchange, in this sense, has to be found in the interweaving of relationships rather than just in the skills and thus becomes a vehicle for social integration and light community activation.

If in the descripted activity the notice board have been used in a metaphorical sense to stimulate the emergence of people’s talents, in the last phase, the notice board has become a physical object that can support and stimulate the interactions of the inhabitants. The notice board was organized according to precise categories, decided on the basis of previous experiments and also thanks to the creative conversation between the various partners of ViviCalus-ca and the social operators. The categories were:

• ‘Search/Offer’: it stimulated the search and the offer not only of objects, but also of activities and commissions.• ‘Since I’m going...’: meant to become a ‘collector of requests’. For example, when a person goes to a place

which is not easily accessible, he/she can notify it in and carry out a task for someone else.• ‘See you in...’: the inhabitants are reminded of the next appointments organized by the social operators or

other organizing bodies.• ‘A thought for ...’: a more emotional category, useful to remember various occasions such as birthdays, de-

ceased, days of memory or even simply a thought of support for those who are in difficulty.The delivery was organized as a conclusive and symbolic moment during the closing event ‘Viva Calusca!’ on

December 12th, 2018. The notice board was then placed in the concierge of the complex of Vicolo Calusca, with the intention of making it a real support and accelerator of potential collaborative services: the categories proposed, in fact, are mostly functional principles of gift and exchange economy, which, when properly implemented, can be trans-formed into efficient, effective, durable collaborative services and especially facilitators of social relations (Star, 1988).

4. CONCLUSIONS

The main lesson learnt from the ViviCalusca project is that methods and tools of co-design and service design may be ap-plied not necessarily to reach specific design results, i.e. a set of effective and efficient services. This is the main evident scope, but there are other secondary aspects that, in this project, became instead central, and they are all related to an adoption of co-design as a form of people engagement. Hence, the stress is on the co-design process itself, rather than on results.

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[Figure 1] Some images from the ‘Ideas Stand’ and ‘Talent Board’ co-design activities

This reflection on the significance of the co-design process has been already developed by one of the authors in the final chapter of her book, ‘CoDesign For Public Interest Services’ (Selloni, 2017). She outlines a set of possible extensions of the value of the co-design process, ranging from considering it as a form of citizen empowerment, to regarding it as an important pre-condition to co-production, as a way for exercising democracy, or as a potential (so-cial) innovation process etc.

The co-design process carried out within the ViviCalusca project consisted of a set of very simple activities in which the most relevant aspect was the mere fact of having performed them, therefore on what happened. This was important for the inhabitants, who were involved in something easy but new for them, and, above all, it was crucial for the social operators who worked in the complex since long time. This last aspect became clear at the end of the project, during the conversations among the partners of the consortium and such operators (essentially municipal workers from CAM office and social housing services) in which we became aware that our design activities brought innovation and vivacity in their traditional way of doing community engagement.

From the other side, the development of the project led us to reflect on our role as designers in such contexts. In order to be impactful and enable the effectiveness of the exchanges proposed, a longer time dedicated to the cre-ation and cohesion of the community should be foreseen. Moreover, we realized that the co-design activity can be performed effectively just if supported by the social operators that act as mediators. Alternatively, we must acknowl-edge that we become actual social operators and we should determine if we are interested or not in using co-design to engage people in a process of activation and possible re-inclusion. And, if so, we should investigate if we own the skills to do that or we need to acquire specific social mediation skills and, thus, to enrich our set of competences and be aware that the focus is on the (social) process and not only on the effective (design) results.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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LeNSin main partners:

The proceedings are also available at www.lensconference3.org

This work is Licensed under Creative Common Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike CC BY-NC-SA

Other LeNSin associate partners cooperating with the organization are

• Londrina State University, Fluminense Federal University, Federal University of Alagoas, Federal University of Uberlândia, Federal University of Santa Catarina (Brasil)

• C.A.R.E. School of Architecture, Pandit Dwarka Prasad Mishra Indian Institute of Information Technology, Indian Institute Of Technology Gandhinagar, Goa College of Architecture, Hunnarshala Foundation for Building Technology & Innovations, Vastu Shilpa Foundation (India)

• Wuhan University of Technology, Jiangnan University, The University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Guangzhou academy of fine arts, Tongji University (China)

• Farm and Garden National Trust, Cape Craft and Design Institute NPC (South Africa)• Univesidad National Autónoma Metropolitana, Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Ciudad de

México (Mexico)

Scientific Commetee:

Carlo VezzoliAguinaldo dos SantosLeonardo CastilloClaudio Pereira Sampaio

Ranjani BalasubramanianRavi MokashiBrenda GarciaRodrigo Lepez VelaEphias RuhodeElmarie Costandius

The conference was organized by:

Politecnico di MilanoAalto UniversityBrunel University LondonCape Peninsula University of TechnologyHunan UniversityIndian Institute of Technology GuwahatiSrishti Institute of Art, Design and Technology

Xin LiuJun ZhangFabrizio CeschinCindy Kohtala, Jan Carel Diehl

Technische Universiteit DelftTsinghua UniversityUniversidad Autónoma MetropolitanaUniversidad del Valle de MéxicoUniversidade Federal de PernanbucoUniversidade Federal do ParanáUniversiteit Stellenbosch