designing optical infrastructures for ip networks
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
1/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 1
1
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
2/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 2
3
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Designing OpticalInfrastructures for IP Networks
Session OPT-231
444
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Market Trends
Fiber everywhere
Decreasing costs ofbandwidth
Optical infrastructure
New services
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
3/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 3
555
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
POS MPLSPOS MPLS
ATM
IPIP
PPP/HDLCPPP/HDLC
SONET/SDHSONET/SDH
FiberFiber
IPIP
ATM/FRATM/FR
SONET/SDHSONET/SDH
FiberFiber
IPIP
POSPOS
SONET/SDHSONET/SDH
FiberFiber
IPIP
FiberFiberDWDMDWDM
UC PUC P
POS
622Mbps
DWDM
2.5Gbps POS
DWDM Channels
10Gbps POS
Mbps x 10Mbps x100Mbps Gbps x10G
Architecture Has Been Evolved at Every Two Years
to Increase the Capacity by Ten(10)
Architecture Has Been Evolved at Every Two Years
to Increase the Capacity by Ten(10)
Multiplexing, Protection, and Management at Every LayerMultiplexing, Protection, and Management at Every Layer
Evolution of InternetBackbone Architecture
Early 1990sEarly 1990s 19961996 19971997 2001200119991999
PPP Point to Point ProtocolPOS Packet Over SONET/SDHDWDM Dense Wave Division MultiplexingMPLS Multi-Protocol Label SwitchingUCP Unified Control Plane
IPIP
POS MPLSPOS MPLS
FiberFiber
DWDMDWDM
666
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Moving up the Services Value Chain
IP Router
Fiber
Lambdas
Wavelength Routing
SONET
Valu
eAddServices
ValueAddServicesTDM Services
?Services?Transit
? Services
ManagedBandwidth
OpticalTechnologies
OpticalTechnologies
L3 ServicesIP VPN
IP QoS
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
4/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 4
777
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Many EMS layers, and technologies
Service introductions synchronized with each layer
Service topology dependent
SONET Rings:Add/Drop Multiplexers,
Digital Cross Connects
Point-to-PointDWDM
ATM Mesh
IP Router Mesh
Complex CoreNetwork Management
888
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Depreciation31%
G and A7%
Sales andMarketing
13%
OAM and P49%
How to Build Better and
Cheaper Optical Internet?
OAM and P costdominates mostServiceProviders
budgets
Source: ARMIS 43-01 Reports and Probe Research, Inc.
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
5/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 5
999
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IP Routers Requiring Connectivity
Service Velocity
Create service velocity:
Intelligent networkelements, and
simplified OSS
Distributed networkdatabase
Circuit-routed,Ethernet-like
Inherent scalingService-driven topology
10
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Optical Technologies
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
6/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 6
111111
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
ServicePoP
ServicePoP
Metro NetworkConnects Customers
to Services
Core NetworkInterconnects PoPs
Core NetworkInterconnects PoPs
Physical RingsLogically Hub and Spoke
Fragmented MarketRapid Change
Physical Point-to-PointLogically Peered
Established MarketChange Emerging (Ring-Mesh)
IP+Optical Metro/Core Architecture
121212
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Optical Transport Options
Dark fiber
SONET/SDH
DWDM
FiberFiber
DWDMDWDM
SONET/SDHSONET/SDH GEGE
IPIP
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
7/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 7
131313
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Dark Fiber
Effective alternative if fiber plant capacity is not limited orthere is no need for bandwidth multiplication
Modest distance (80 Km or less)
No statistical gain
Considerations when deploying IP infrastructures overdark fiber
Fiber plantcapacity and topology
Power budgetsoptics reach
Signal loss (due to attenuation and dispersion)optics reach
Network design must address protection
141414
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Effects of Jitter and Noise
Jitter Distorts the Signal in the Temporal Domain
Noise Distortsthe Signal in theAmplitude Domain
Error If SignalIs in This AreaError If SignalIs in This Area
SignalAmplitude
Time
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
8/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 8
151515
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Optical Attenuation
Specified in loss perkilometer (dB/km)
0.40 dB/km @ 1310 nm
0.25 dB/km @ 1550 nm
Loss due toabsorption byimpurities
1400 nm peak due tohydroxyl (OH) ionabsorption
0.1
0.2
1.2 1.3 1.4
0.8
1
0.4
0.6
1.5 1.6 1.7
Wavelength, m
Loss,dB/km
1310
Window
1310
Window
1550
Window
1550
Window
161616
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Calculating Link Loss Budget
Link Loss Budget = Optical Power Budget
Design Margin
Power Penalties
Link Loss Budget = Optical Power Budget
Design Margin
Power Penalties
Optical Power Budget 26dB (OC-48c POS [1550nm])
Design Margin (EOL) 1dBPower Penalties 2dB (OC-48c POS [1550nm])
Connector and Splice 3dBLink Loss Budget 20dB
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
9/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 9
171717
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Link Loss Budget Example
Tx
Rx
Fiber Distribution Panel
Fiber Distribution Panel
Transmitter Power2dB
Fiber Patch
Fiber Patch
Receiver Sensitivity28db
80KmFiberSpan
1dB
3dB
0.25dB/Km +1dB for Splice Loss
19dB1dB
20dB At Receiver
Link LossBudget 20dB
18
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
SONET/SDH
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
10/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 10
191919
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
SONET
Widely deployed optical transporttechnology
TDM transmission
Optimized for voice traffic
Proactive fault and performancemonitoring capability
Fast restoration
? 50 msecs
202020
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
SONET/SDH Network Configurations
Four FiberBi-directional Ring
Traffic with NeighboringPattern, ReusableBandwidth
4FBLSR
Traffic with NeighboringPattern, ReusableBandwidth
Two FiberBi-directional Ring 2F
BLSR
RCV
TX
UnidirectionalPath Switched Ring
All Traffic Homing toa Central LocationUPSR
Linear Up to 16 Nodes, ADM
Point-to-Point Two Nodes, Terminal Mode
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
11/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 11
21
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Packet Over SONET (POS)
222222
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
WorkingRouter
WorkingRouter
WorkingRouter
ProtectRouter
W W
PPProtect
GroupProtocol
POS APS/MSP
APSAutomatic Protection Switching (APS)
SDHMultiplex Switching Protection (MSP)
Uses K1 and K2 byte; 1 + 1 Protection
SONET/SDHNetwork
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
12/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 12
232323
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Dark Fiber
Section +Line OH
Section +Line OH
PathOH
PathOH
ConcatenatedPayload
ConcatenatedPayload
Flag8
Flag8
Address8
Address8
Control8
Control8
PPPPacket
PPPPacket
FC S16/32
FC S16/32
Flag8
Flag8 WDM
~~~~~~
POSPOS
EDGECore
EDGE
POS Applications
PoS Packet-over-SONET/SDH
Runs over dark fiber, SONET, or WDM
Enables transport mix and match
Provides efficient evolution pathfor incumbents
Provides optimized transport forgreenfield builds
Standards based
TDM
AD MAD M
AD MAD M
AD MAD M AD MAD M
24
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Dynamic PacketTransport DPT
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
13/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 13
252525
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
SRP-BasedLAN/MAN
Section +Line
Overhead
Section +Line
Overhead
PathOver-head
PathOver-head
MACMAC IP PacketIP PacketMACMAC IP PacketIP Packet
ConcatenatedPayload
ConcatenatedPayload
DPT Overview
New Layer 2 MAC protocol
Uses SONET/SDH framing
Bandwidth efficient
Fairness (SRP-fa)
Scalable
Fast protection switching
and service restoration
Multicasting and priority
262626
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
DPT
Ring
Dynamic Packet Transport
Maximize bandwidthefficiency
Bandwidth consumed onlyon traversed segment
Multiple nodestransmit concurrently
Fairness via SRP-fa
Self-healing through IPS Minimize provisioning
and configuration
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
14/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 14
27
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Dense Wave DivisionMultiplexing DWDM
282828
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
DWDM
Used to provide bandwidth multiplicationwhere fiber plant capacity is scarce
No protection on tributary side
Network design must address protection
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
15/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 15
292929
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
40km40km 40km40km 40km40km 40km40km 40km40km 40km40km 40km40km 40km40km 40km40km
120 km120 km 120 km120 km 120 km120 km
DWDM Transmission10 Gb/s
4 fibers 1 fiber32 regenerators 4 optical amplifiers
4 fibers 1 fiber32 regenerators 4 optical amplifiers
DWDM Offers Compelling EconomicsDWDM Offers Compelling Economics
DWDM for Fiber Gain
OA OA OA OA
OC-48OC-48
OC-48OC-48
OC-48OC-48
OC-48OC-48
OC-48OC-48
OC-48OC-48
OC-48OC-48
OC-48OC-48
TERMTERM1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR TERM
TERM
TERMTERM1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR TERM
TERM
TERMTERM1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR TERM
TERM
TERMTERM1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR
1310RPTR TERM
TERM
30
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Optical Networks
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
16/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 16
313131
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Design Considerations (Backbone)
Infrastructure redundancy
Routers
Links
No single point of failure
Path redundancy
Load sharing
Protection
Capacity planning and traffic engineering
Topology
323232
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Clocking and Synchronization
SONET/SDH
Network
PRC
ADMLinecardRxTx
Rx
ADM LinecardTx
Tx
Rx
Rx
LoopTimed
LoopTimed
Internal
Clock
LinecardLinecard RxTx
TxRx
Loop
TimedSwitch
Fabric
LinecardLinecardTx
Tx
Rx
Rx
Set clock source internal for back toback connections, dark fiber and DWDM
SDH ADM or termclocking derives from the Stratum 1source in the SDH network
Applies to both POS and SRP
Clock the router from Line Always!
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
17/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 17
333333
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Regen Regen
OC-48POS/SRP (LR)
OC-48POS/SRP (LR)
80 Km80 Km80 Km
Extending the Distance
Use regenerator
3RRe-amp, Re-shape and Re-time
Can be used for both POS and SRP
Cisco regen supports IP over DCC for management 30 regens can be cascaded to get a distance of 2400 Km
(? 1500 miles)
343434
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Fiber Plant
DWDM
SONET/SDH
Router
Optical Network Infrastructure
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
18/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 18
353535
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Topology Options (Backbone)
Mesh
Full or partial
Point-to-point
POS
Ring
POS or SRP
363636
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
POPB
POPDPOPC
Full MeshPOPA
Primary path
Secondary/Load Share path
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
19/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 19
373737
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Full Mesh
All the backbone routers are connected toeach other
Single hop from any backbone router tothe other
Depending on the number of routers in thebackbone, may require a lot of slots/ports
n(n-1)/2 ports
383838
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
POPB
POPDPOPC
POPA
Primary path
Secondary/Load Share path
Partial Mesh (1)
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
20/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 20
393939
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Partial Mesh
Each backbone router is connected to twoor more backbone routers
Multi-hop to some backbone router
Uses less slot/port and fiber compared tofull mesh topology
Cost effective
404040
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Point to PointPOS
Point to point connection using POS
OC-3/STM-1OC-192/STM-64c
EncapsulationHDLC/PPP
Connecting to SONET/SDH
APS/MSP for protection
Connecting to DWDM or Dark fiber
Multiple links for load sharing and protection
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
21/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 21
414141
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
POPB
POPC
POPA
Primary path
Secondary/Load Share path
DWDM
POPD
Connecting to DWDM
424242
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
POPB
POPDPOPC
POPA
Working
Protect
WW
PP
WW
PP
WW
PP
WW
PP
SONET/SDH
Connecting to SONET/SDH
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
22/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 22
434343
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
DPT PoP Design
OC-48/STM -16c
Internet Backbone
OC-192/STM-64c
POS
Internet Backbone
OC-192/STM-64c
POS
44
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
MPLS
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
23/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 23
454545
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Route Chosenby IP Routing
Protocol
Route Chosenby IP Routing
Protocol
Route Specified byTraffic Engineering
Route Specified byTraffic Engineering
Traffic Engineering with MPLS
Why traffic engineer?
Optimize link utilization
Specific paths bycustomer or class
Balance traffic load
Traffic followspre-specified path
Path differs fromnormally routed path
Controls packet flowsacross a L2 or L3 networkinfrastructure
46
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Unified (Optical) ControlPlane Overview
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
24/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 24
474747
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
NetworkElementNetworkElement
StandardBodyStandardBody
RoutingRouting SignalingSignaling AvailableAvailable
OpticalCross Connect
OpticalCross Connect
MPLSIP-LSR
None
ATMForum
IETF
Proprietary
PNNI
ConstraintBased
Proprietary
PNNI
LDP/RSVP
FutureFuture
DeployedDeployed
DeployedDeployed
Existing Control Planes
Separate control planes exist for L1/2/3
Limited communication creates isolation
Results in an overlay network model
Source: John DrakeMPLS Conference 1999
484848
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
UCP Protocols Standards Summary
Drafts as of January 2001
FunctionFunction MP ? S/GMPLSMP ? S/GMPLS O-UNIO-UNI G.ASONG.ASON
Routing ProtocolRouting Protocol
SignalingSignaling
LinkManagement,Verification,NeighborDiscovery, Etc.
LinkManagement,Verification,NeighborDiscovery, Etc.
IGP TE ExtensionsIGP TE Extensions
RSVP/CR-LDPExtensions
RSVP/CR-LDPExtensions
LMPLMP
N/AN/A
ModelModel
Standards BodyStandards Body
Peer/OverlayPeer/Overlay
Peer/IETFPeer/IETF
LMPLMP
Overlay to PeerOverlay to Peer
OIFOIF
RSVP/CR-LDPExtensions
RSVP/CR-LDPExtensions
N/AN/A
Central Control,IP/ATM/SONET Clients
Central Control,IP/ATM/SONET Clients
OverlayOverlay
ITU-TITU-T
Out-of-bandClient UNI
Out-of-bandClient UNI
PeerPeer OverlayOverlayOverlay Is a Subset of the Peer Model
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
25/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 25
494949
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
ServicesServices
Network and Service Management
Unified Control PlaneUnified Control Plane
InternetworkingOperatin
gSystem
Packet Labels/VPI VCIPacket Labels/VPI VCI
Packets/CellsPackets/Cells
Wavelength RoutingWavelength Routing
DWDM TransportDWDM Transport
SONET/SDHSONET/SDH
??Labels??Labels
Unified Control Plane
505050
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Control Plane Functions
Resource discovery
Connection management
Path set-up/tear down
Maintenance and monitoring
Topology/statedissemination
Reliable broadcast/Flooding Path Selection
Constraint-based routing
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
26/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 26
515151
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OCP/UCP Technology Scenarios
UNI
Used to build point-to-point SVC-Like circuit set-up mechanism
Used to accelerate service delivery of IP or other service definitions acrossan optical overlay network topology
GMPLS
Used to enable standard protocol based circuit provisioning and restorationtechnique node by node within the interior of an optical transport network
Used to construct a multi-vendor optical transport network
Enables scalable node to node peering and full-mesh topologies
Allows for the administrative boundary of a UNI
Leverages existing IP network layer service definitions
Miscellaneous others
Pure IP Control Plane, Central Server Provisioning, GSMP (VSI)
525252
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Optical Network Cloud
OC-48/STM16cOC-192/STM64c
OC-48/STM16cOC-192/STM64c
UCPUCPUCPUCPLayer 3: Packet CoreLayer 3: Packet Core
Unified Control PlaneUnified Control Plane
Benefits:
Network simplification: common framework for packets and wavelength s
Reduced provisioning costs
Increased service velocity
Fast path restoration
Evolution of Optical Core (IP over? )
with Unified Control Plane
Layer 1: Optical Core
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
27/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 27
535353
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Customers
POPIntraconnect
Customer Ingress
Egress
OLSPs
Egress
Transit
Router + OXC: OpticalPass-through for IP Traffic
Transit Traffic forwardedthru OXCs
Offloads core routers ofper-packet transit processing
Frees up IP router resources forhandling customer traffic
One-hop O-LSPsacross core network
No intermediate per-packetprocessing lower latencyand jitter
Improved Network PerformanceImproved Network Performance
54
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Deploying IP Services
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
28/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 28
555555
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Voice
Video
WWW
TV
E-Mail
SNA
Whats the Problem?
API to API service creation
Requirement for mobility
Full IP network services
565656
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
FDDIInternet
FDDIFDDI
WebFarm
Web
Farm
WebFarm
Many
Flows
Many
Flows
DurationDurationPush ServerPush Server
Complexitys an Issue
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
29/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 29
575757
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IP Services: Essentials
Open standards
Scalability
Reliability
Manageability
Low latency
Network services
DNS, DHCP, hosting,
caching, AAA, numbertranslation, SCP, firewall,NAT, etc
IP QoS
IP traffic Eng
IP VPN
IP any-2-any
IP multicast
IP security
IP QoS
IP traffic Eng
IP VPN
IP any-2-any
IP multicast
IP security
585858
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Services: The Challenge
The optical IP network needs to meet therequirements of the applications
Different services have differentrequirements:
Voice, videoconferencing, distancelearning-low latency, low jitter
Bulk data transfer-high bandwidth
Email-no demanding requirements
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
30/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 30
595959
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Services: The Challenge
To ensure service quality, each applicationor flow, needs to be differentiated fromone another
Non time critical applications, e.g. www,could impact time sensitive applications,
such as voice or video
60
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 60 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.
3005
1165_05_2000_c1
The Need forQoS in IP Networks
Consider Voice
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
31/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 31
616161
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Traditional Voice Networks
CrossConnect
Class 5Switch
Class 4Switch
Class 4Switch
Class 5Switch
CrossConnect
ADM ADM ADM ADM ADM ADM ADM ADM ADM
SONET/SDH Rings and or ATM NetworkProvides Low Delay, Low Jitter, and
Protection, (BLSR/MSP Ring)
ADMADMADMADMADMADMADMADMADMADMADMADMADMADMADMADM ADMADM
626262
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
UnacceptableUnacceptable UtilityUtility BusinessBusiness TollToll
PCMPCM
Quality
Bandwidth(kbps)
8
16
24
32
40
48
56
64
0
ADPCM 32(G.723)
ADPCM 32(G.723)
LD CELP 16(G.728)
LD CELP 16
(G.728) LDCELP 16(G.728)LDCELP 16(G.728)
ADPCM 16(G.726)
ADPCM 16(G.726)LPC 4.8LPC 4.8
MPMLQ(G.723.1)MPMLQ(G.723.1)
Voice Quality:
Compression Standards
CS-ACELP 8(G.729)
CS-ACELP 8(G.729)
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
32/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 32
636363
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Why Is It So Important toMinimise Delay?
Usability of Voice Circuit As a Function of End-to-end DelayUsability of Voice Circuit As a Function of End-to-end Delay
0
0.5
1
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Time (msec)
Utility
CB Radio
Fax Relay,Fax Broadcast
Toll Quality Satellite
I-PhoneToday
180 ms End to End
To Hit the Target:
Eliminate PC delay
Lower network latency
Tighten network jitter
To Hit the Target:
Eliminate PC delay
Lower network latency
Tighten network jitter
646464
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Delay Considerations in
IP Networks
Codec
Packetization
Output Queuing
Access (Up) Link Transmission
Backbone Network Transmission
Access (Down) Link Transmission
Input QueuingJitter Buffer
Codec
Codec
Packetization
Output Queuing
Access (Up) Link Transmission
Backbone Network Transmission
Access (Down) Link Transmission
Input QueuingJitter Buffer
Codec
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
33/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 33
656565
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Encoder/decoder Delay(Algorithmic Plus Processing and VAD) 30 ms
Waiting and Framing (10 ms Frames) 10 ms
Move to Output Queue Negligible
Wait in Queue (Depends on Queuing 08 msand Congestion)
Encoder/decoder Delay(Algorithmic Plus Processing and VAD) 30 ms
Waiting and Framing (10 ms Frames) 10 ms
Move to Output Queue Negligible
Wait in Queue (Depends on Queuing 08 msand Congestion)
Access up Link -Backbone-down Link Variable(1 ms Per 100 Miles)Access up Link -Backbone-down Link Variable(1 ms Per 100 Miles)
Move From Input Queue to DSP NegligibleJitter Buffer 4 Ms40 ms
Coder Process Delay
Move From Input Queue to DSP NegligibleJitter Buffer 4 Ms40 ms
Coder Process Delay
Total: (Excluding up Link, Backbone, and Down Link) 45 msTotal: (Excluding up Link, Backbone, and Down Link) 45 ms
Calculating a Delay Budget (G.729)
666666
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
What Is Referred to as QoS?
The following parameters are usuallyequated with QoS:
Bandwidth guarantees
Admission control
Delay
Jitter
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
34/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 34
676767
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
QoS with IP Class of Service
Implemented at network Layer 3
Media independent
Efficient use of available bandwidth throughstatistical multiplex
Bandwidth guarantees, delay, and jitter limits viaadvanced queuing mechanisms
Admission control only for applications that
need certain guarantees (gatekeeper)
Connectionlessno TDM
686868
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Changing QoS Requirements
Changing applications change requirements
Classic voice requires dedicated 64k channelin TDM network
Voice over IP designed to work on IPtransport networks, can tolerate delay andjitter within limits
IP transport is inherently statisticallymultiplexed, but can limit delay and jitter tosuit VoIP applications
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
35/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 35
696969
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
VoIP in the Intranet today
PSTN
QoS IP
Optical Core
Edge
Branch Office
PBX
Larger Branch Office
Headquarters
PBX
I-PhoneH.323 S/W
Residential
POS
WWW VODContent
707070
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
VoIP Futures.
Headquarters
PBX
I-PhoneH.323 S/WOptical Network Cloud U
CP
UCP
UCP
PBX
Branch
Larger Office
Residential
WWW VODContent
PSTN
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
36/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 36
717171
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Network Wide IP QoS
Packets are marked at the ingress or bythe application and carry theirclassification throughout the network
Core devices use this information toprovide required services
Easier to manage
727272
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Congestion Issues
Routers by design can have congested linkswhen an interface is offered more load than itcan support for an extended period of time
This can cause three things:
Packet loss due to output queue overflowsome trafficmight be sensitive to it
Added and varying delay-real time applications
impactedBandwidth for some important datais insufficient
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
37/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 37
737373
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Dealing with IP Congestion
Impact can be minimized thefollowing way:
Drop less important traffic beforehigh priority traffic
Handle delay sensitive traffic different thanbulk data
Ensure bandwidth for specific trafficis managed
747474
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Edge Functions
Packet classification
Precedence setting with CAR
Bandwidth management
Rate limiting with CARTraffic shaping
L3 meteringNetFlow data export
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
38/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 38
757575
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Backbone Functions
High-speed switching and transport
Distributed switching (CEF)
QoS enforcement
Congestion avoidance (WRED)Congestion management (MDRR)
QoS interworking
IP-ATM QoS interworking (VC per CoS)
767676
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
L3 CAR
Apply IngressRate Thresholds
Apply IngressRate Thresholds
DeterminePacket Class
DeterminePacket Class
AdministerPacket Class
AdministerPacket Class
Apply EgressRate Thresholds
Apply EgressRate Thresholds
Traffic Metering
WRED/MDRR
Premium Medium Standard
Summary of Network IP QoS
Packet
Classifier
Packet
Classifier
L3 CAR
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
39/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 39
777777
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Summary
We have seen that it is very feasible with carefuldesign to deliver differentiated IP services over an opticalinfrastructure
Different service requirements; (Delay, Jitter Etc.)can be accommodated using the tools available,CAR,WRED,MDRR
Different traffic flows can be effectively marked, anddifferentiated from each other, enabling, Serviceproviders to Offer billable, robust, IP services to theircustomers
In the future the unified control plane will allowfor service velocity
78
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Questions ?
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
40/41
Copyright 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr 40
79
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Designing OpticalInfrastructures for IP Networks
Session OPT-231
80
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Please Complete YourEvaluation Form
Session OPT-231
-
7/28/2019 Designing Optical Infrastructures for IP Networks
41/41
81818181
OPT-231
2948_05_2001_c1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.