designing effective scientific presentations bios 313 3/29/06 dr. mary purugganan [email protected]...
TRANSCRIPT
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Designing Effective Scientific Presentations
BIOS 313 3/29/06
Dr. Mary Purugganan
Cain Project in Engineering & Professional Communication
www.owlnet.rice.edu/~cainproj
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Topics We’ll Discuss
• Getting started
• Displaying text
• Displaying graphics
• Animating
• Presenting
• Critiquing sample slides
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Getting Started
• Create a slide show that is an outline, not a script
• Use the slide show... to select important topics and issues
to organize content
to create a hierarchy
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Getting Started
To select a design, ask yourself: What professional image do I want to
project?
In what type of room will I give my talk?
• Well-lit room: use light background / dark text and visuals
• Dimly-lit room: use dark background / light text and visuals
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Getting Started
• Set up Slide Master Allows you to design the “look” of your slide
show
• Browse design templates Enables you to select pre-designed
presentation templates
• Create new slides Choose from 24 “master slide styles” to build
your show
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Selecting Content
• Consider your audience!
• State problem/ question clearly & early
• Include significance--the big picture; why does it matter?
• Keep background relevant
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Selecting Content, Part 2
• Explain experiments: include the how & the why! Hypothesis (WHY)
Method (remember audience) (HOW)
Show data and guide audience through (WHAT WAS OBSERVED)
• Draw conclusions (WHAT IT MEANS)
• Speculate about future investigations
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Suggested Content
• Title: as concrete & accurate as possible (1 slide)
• Problem, background, significance (5-7 slides)
• Methods (2-4 slides)
• Results, conclusions (3-6 slides)
• Future investigations (1-2 slides)
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Displaying Text
• Remember that your audience... skims each slide
looks for critical points, not details
needs help reading/ seeing text
• Help your audience by… Projecting a clear font
Using bullets
Using declarative titles
Using short phrases
Using grammatical parallelism
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Project a Clear Font
• Serif: easy to read in printed documents Times New Roman, Palatino, Verdana
• Sans serif: easy to see projected across the room Arial, Helvetica, Geneva
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Use Bullets
• Bullets help your audience to skim the slide
to see relationships between information
organize information in a logical way
• For example, this is Main Point 1, which leads to... Sub-point 1
• Further subordinated point 1
• Further subordinated point 2
Sub-point 2
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Use declarative titles
• “Results” suggests the content area for a slide
• “Substance X upregulates gene Y” (with data shown below title) shows the audience what is observed
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Use Short Phrases
• Use phrases in your slide show outline
• Generate phrases that make your point clearly & accurately
• Write complete sentences only in certain cases:
Hypothesis / problem statement
Quote
???
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Use Grammatical Parallelism• Lists should be in same grammatical form--to help
audience skim phrases
• Not Parallel: Lysed cells in buffer
5 minutes centrifuging of lysate
Supernatant was removed
• Parallel: Cells were lysed in buffer
Lysate was centrifuged 5 minutes
Supernatant was removed
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Displaying Visuals
• Incorporate visuals that enhance understanding Data: evidence for argument
Figures that enhance understanding of background, method, big picture, etc. (from WWW, published reviews, drawn yourself)
• Design easy-to-read visuals
• Draw attention to aspects of visuals
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Simplify and Draw Attention
http://www.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/tca-cycle.html
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Displaying Visuals
Harvey et al. (2005) Cell 122:407-20
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Choose Color Carefully
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Cite others’ visuals
http://www.bioc.rice.edu/~shamoo/shamoolab.html
Harvey et al. (2005) Cell 122:407-20
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Animating
• Custom animation allows you to animate text, visuals, or line work
• Custom animation should be used purposefully (and sparingly!) To aid in the audience’s ability to
comprehend your message
Not solely for aesthetic purposes
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Animating
• Use professional animation methods for text (avoid fly in, typewriter, reverse order, etc.)
• Use mouse-click to advance
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Presenting
• Delivery
• Handling questions
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Stance and Posture Worst Practices
Block screen
Cross feet
Rock, sway, pace
Slouch
Lean
Best Practices Chin up
Feet under hips
Shoulders relaxed
Weight distributed
Knees slightly bent
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Gestures to Avoid
Fidgeting Fingers
Pen or laser pointer
Pockets
Hair
Hands on hips
Crossing arms
Gripping podium
Clasping hands Fig leaf Behind back
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Eye Contact
Worst practices Stare at screen Glance at floor or
ceiling Read slides or notes
Best practices Direct
Sustained
Distributed
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Handle Questions
• Anticipate questions
• LISTEN
• Repeat or rephrase
• Watch body language
• Don’t bluff
• Wrap up well
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Sample Slides
Features to consider:
• Text Fonts, phrases, parallelism
• Graphics Readability, drawing attention
• Slide design
• Organization/ hierarchy Titles, Bullets, arrangement of information, font
size
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28
- codes for a component of a DNA repair enzyme system
- breast cancers cells - BRCAI protein is either absent or remains in the cytoplasm
Are there more BRCA genes to be found?
What about sporadic breast cancer?- don't appear to involve BRCA I or II- involves genes common to other cancers
What is BRCA I ?
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The myocardium of control (left) shows necrosis (N) and fibrosis (F). The transplanted smooth muscle
cells (right) formed muscle-like tissue (T) .
Grafting smooth muscle cells into heart
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