design trends:design trends: survey of innovative wood ......murray grove –tallest modern mixed...
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Design Trends:Design Trends: Survey of Innovative Wood Building
S tSystemsGiving you tools to think outside the BOX!
Lisa Podesto, PENational Building Systems Director
WoodWorks - West
Continuing Education
Wood Products Council is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Credit earned onInstitute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on requestavailable on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or , yconstrued to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. Registration no. 1
Learning Objectives
1. To apply traditional wood construction techniques in new ways to improve the structural yefficiency.
2. To realize wood applications for structural techniques commonly used with other materials.
3. To learn about unique wood systems that utilize pre-fabrication techniques to reduce waste and construction time while improving quality.
4 T di d d t d h th4. To discover new wood products and how they can be used in your next project.
Copyright Materials
This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction,
di t ib ti di l d f th t tidistribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is
prohibited.
© The Wood Products Council 2010
Where does INNOVATION come from?
Rethinking Traditional ConstructionMid-Ply
Shearwalls Post Frame Trussed Shear walls
Heavy Timber Multi-story
New Applications for Existing Techniques
y
pp g qPost Tensioned Timber
FrameHeavy Timber Braced
Frame Solid Wood Core
Pre-fabricationStructural f Composite f CStructural
Insulated Panels Panelized Roofs Composite Floors Life Cycle Tower
New Engineered ProductsFiber Reinforced Polymers with
Wood Cross Laminated Timber
Rethinking Traditional Construciton
Mid-ply shearwalls Post Frame
Rethinking Traditional
Heavy Timber
Construction
Trussed ShearwallsHeavy Timber
Multi-Story
Mid-Ply Shearwalls
4-storey residential building in Vancouver Midply used in corridor and party walls Steel rods used to resist up-lift forces
Concept of Midply Shearwall
Standard shear wall2x4 studs Sheathing
Stud spaced at 16” o.c.
16” 16” 16”Drywall/Sheathing
Sheathing on one or both sides of the studs Sheathing fastened to the narrow face of framing members
MidplyTM shear wall Cladding/SheathingSheathing
24” 24”
Drywall/Sheathing Sheathing at the center of the wall and possibly at faces as well Stud rotated 90 degree to those in standard shearwall Sheathing fastened to the wide face of framing members through
stud and sheathing and into stud on the other side
Drywall/Sheathing
How do Mid-Ply Shearwalls work
Nails work in double shear thus increasing the lateral load capacity
Greater edge distance panel
Sheathing Stud or
Plate Greater edge distance - panel
chip out failure is reduced
Nail head away from panel Grain 89 mm
Stud or 38 mm 38 mm
y psurface - nail pull through failure is prevented Nail in
single shear Nail in double shear
direction Plate
Capable of accommodating additional sheathing
Midply Walls used in NEESWood ProjectNail spacing 3” in 1 – 3 stories 4” in 4th storey 6” in 5th storey
Framing 2 x 4 lumber for top and bottom2 x 4 lumber for top and bottom
plates 2 x 6 lumber intermediate studs 2 x 8 lumber for end studs
A total of fourteen 2 x 8 studs were used at the ends of the wall to meet theused at the ends of the wall to meet the bearing capacity of plates
Post Frame Construciton
FeaturesFeatures Wood side wall posts Pitched Trusses Wide bay spacing (8ft +) Large clear spans (100 ft+) Embedded wood posts or concrete piers
Concept of Post Frame
Innovative foundation
Asphalt and polyethylene wrap Poured-in-place concrete pierePoured in place concrete piere Blow-molded platic Pre-cast reinforce concrete columns HDPE plastic barrier Polyethylene post sleeve
More informaiton:www postframeadvantage comwww.postframeadvantage.com
Where is the innovation?
Large roof overhangs Large openings/Tall walls
Requiring non-structural infillRequiring non-structural infill
Stilt buildings/ Towersg
Rethinking Traditional Construction
Trussed shear walls 20% less waste More suited for BIM modeledMore suited for BIM modeled
projects Faster erection times ICC reports exist for this
technology
More informaiton:www.sbcmag.info/archive/20www.sbcmag.info/archive/20
10/aug/1008.pdf
Rethinking Traditional Construction
6 stories for Occupancy B, F-2, H-4, S-2
Type IV allows for 1 2 stories
Multi-story Heavy Timber
Type IV allows for 1-2 stories more than Type VA and higher allowable areas than Type III
Triggers some challenging design parameters fordesign parameters for acoustics and MEP
Heavy Timber Office Building – Seattle WA Rethinking Traditional Construction
Existing Techniques – New Applications
P t T i d Ti b H Ti b B dPost Tensioned Timber Frames
Heavy Timber Braced Frames
New Applications for Existing Techniques
S lid W d C
Techniques
Solid Wood Core
Concept of Post Tensioned Timber Frames
Why can’t we do this with wood?Why can t we do this with wood?
Testing of Post Tensioned Timber Frames How Post Tension Timber Frames work
Conclusion - Promising Technology
Post tensioning solves the problem of moment connections for Heavy Timber
Rapid erectionp Light weight Low environmental footprint compared to steel and
concreteconcrete Earthquake resistant
Concept of Heavy Timber Braced Frames (HTBF)
Why does steel have a monopoly on the braced frame vertical/lateral resisting gsystem market?
How to design a HTBF Simpson Strong Tie Materials Demo Lab – 1st approved HTBF approved under 2007 CBC and ASCE7-05
SEAOC 2010 Convention paper: http://www.arce.calpoly.edu/news-events/documents/heavy-timber-braced-events/documents/heavy timber bracedframes.pdf
Structure Magazine Article: http://www.structuremag.org/article.aspx?articleID=1221
Existing Techniques – New Applications
What about using the core to resist lateral forces?
What if theWhat if the core was solid timber?solid timber?
Pre-fabrication
Structural Insulated Panels Panelized Roofs
Pre-FabricationFabrication
Hybrid Floors Life Cycle Tower
Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs)
Now can be used in SDC D, E and F!ICC appro ed ith NTS reportICC approved with NTS report
Panelized Roofs
Construction Savings:B t i l ti $0 50 $ 75/ f• Bat insulation saves $0.50‐$.75/sfover rigid
• Using sloped ledgers instead of crickets at parapet sa es oncrickets at parapet saves on expensive labor
• Roof penetrations are less expensive to frame and flash ~expensive to frame and flash ~ 60% savings per penetration
• Speed of erection = 1/3 less erection time of conventional anderection time of conventional and all steel
• Safer construction methods
Panelized Roofs Concept of HBV floor panels
Composite action – reinforced concrete and wood
Off lt ti f Offers alternatives for: Reinforced-concrete floors Conventional steel composite
systems y Flexural and two-way load
bearing planks Pre-stressed steel concrete
hollow box floorhollow box floor
Advantages of HBV
Cost Effective System ...... in comparison to conventional massive reinforced concrete floor systems
or conventional wooden floors in similar application level
Natural Aesthetics and Design Flexibility ...... on the basis of versatility of the renewable basic wooden materials
Low Weight ...compared with massive reinforced concrete floorlevel
Shorter Construction Times ...... higher degree of pre-fabrication and structural works = construction
(formwork is used as support link and at the same time as conventional wooden floor)
... compared with massive reinforced concrete floor Rigid and Ductile Composite ...
... between the wood and concrete on the basis of the embedded
HBV-Shear ConnectorsCapitalization of the Specific Materialtime as conventional wooden floor)
Versatility for Static System Approaches ...... through the design possibilities for single-span structure, multiple
load bearing and cantilever systems Outstanding Physical Characteristics ...
Capitalization of the Specific Material Characteristics ...... through the pressure load of the concrete slab as well as the tension from the wooden cross section in static single-span system
Free Interior DesignOutstanding Physical Characteristics ...... in term of vibration characteristics, flammability (F 90B),
sound insulation and room acoustic. Small Distortion ...
... compared with structures without
Free Interior Design ...... with span distance of up to 15m (no support pillars or intermediate
walls necessary) More Pleasant Room Atmosphere ...
that is to say a higher surface temperature for thepcomposite properties
Higher System Rigidity and Strength ...... through the rigid effect of the concrete slab (diaphragm action)
... that is to say a higher surface temperature for the floor, and equalization
of the room moisture through the wooden floor.
Where can HBV be used?
Post tensioned frames Cross Laminated TimberCross Laminated Timber Life Cycle Tower Stick framed
Concept of Life Cycle Tower
CREE designed structure to be built in Dornbirn, Austria
30 stories 30 sto estallest timber structure in the world
Passivhous standardAll components local and prefabricated
Adaptive facade
Newly Engineered Products
Fiber Reinforced Fiber Reinforced Fiber Reinforced Glulam Beams Wood Structural
Panels
New Engineered
Products
Cross Laminated
Products
Timber
Fiber Reinforce Polymers (FRP) used in wood construction
Tension reinforced GlulamFRP i f d h ll FRP reinforced shearwalls
Blast Resistant technology
Concept of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Glulam
Unreinforced (0%) 1% GFRP 2% GFRP 3% GFRP
6.75" x 52-1/2" DF with 6 75" x 0 525"
6.75" x 45" DF with 6 75" x 0 9" GFRP
6.75" x 43-1/2" DF with 6 75" x 1 3"with 6.75 x 0.525
GFRP on tension face
6.75 x 0.9 GFRP on tension face
with 6.75 x 1.3 GFRP on tension face
6.75" x 66" DF
How can FRP Glulams can be used?
Currently approved for bridge applications in AASHTO
LRFD Bridge Design Specifications: Section 8, Various ArticlesArticles
Modification to adjustment factors 8.4.4.5 Volume factor 8.4.4.2 Format conversion
factor 8.4.4.3 Wet service factor
8.4.1.3 Tension-Reinforced Glulams defined Type of reinforcement (FRP,
t l t )steel, etc.) Design values determined via
ASTM D7199 (ReLam meets the requirements therein)the requirements therein)
Concept FRP reinforced shearwalls
F il M d DiffConventional OSB
Failure Mode Differences
• Single nail curvature • Edge tear failure• Less ductileLess ductile• Lower strength
• Double nail curvature
AOSB
• More ductile• 90% nail pull-out• 39% stronger
5
• 39% stronger• 249% tougher
Concept FRP reinforced shearwalls
AOSB panels increase diaphragm load and displacement capacity with code minimum nail edge distance (9.5mm)p y g ( )
Strength increase appears dependent on nail spacing 27% increase with 100mm spacing
11% i ith 150 i 11% increase with 150mm spacing
AOSB panels increase energy absorption through bending of the nails (double curvature)of the nails (double curvature)
Within the range of nail spacings considered, allowable load increases follow strength increases
AOSB panels provide as much capacity as the framing, tie-downs, and the sheathing nails will allow
FRP use in Blast Resistant testing
BeforeBefore
AfterAfter
Bl t T ti R ltBlast Testing Results
Concept of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)
Photos provided by FPInnovations
How does CLT work?
Benefits of CLT
Speed of Erection Overall Performance
S i i ( ft t ) Seismic (no soft story) Acoustic Vibrations Fire
Sustainable Benefits Carbon footprint Low embodied energy Tight building envelope (highTight building envelope (high
energy efficiency) little waste
C t C titi Cost Competitive
Murray Grove –Tallest Modern Mixed Use Timber Structure
London infill project29 flats (mixed affordable and private)
Ground floor office4x less weight than precast concrete
~1/2 the construction time of precast concreteSaves 300 metric tons of CO2
21 years of energy usage for the building21 years of energy usage for the building9 stories built in 9 weeks
THE BRIEF Open Academy, Norwich – Largest CLT Structure
9,500 m2 (102,257 ft2) secondary school3500 m3 of timber
2700 tons of CO2 stored2700 tons of CO2 stored10 years of energy usage for the building
₤20 million17 weeks to construct
Imagine what you can do?
UBC Earth Science Building
Timber Braced Frames
Hybrid Floors Heavy Timber Multi-
storystory CLT Roof
QUESTIONS???QUESTIONS???www woodworks orgwww.woodworks.org
Lisa Podesto, P.E., M.S.
Senior Technical Director
Phone: 530 596 4031| Cell: 530 520 7966Phone: 530 596 4031| Cell: 530 520 7966