design study g. fortuna, rnb7 cortina 2006 the goal producing an engineering oriented study of the...

Design Study

G. Fortuna, RNB7 Cortina 2006

THE GOAL

Producing an engineering oriented study

of the EURISOL Facility and developing prototypes

of the most critical parts of the facility itself.

“Starting point: EURISOL RTD Recommendations”

“Working method based on the botton-up process” 20 INSTITUTIONS FROM 15 EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

20 CONTRIBUTORS WORLD-WIDE

IDENTITY CARDIDENTITY CARD

EC CONTRIBUTION:EC CONTRIBUTION: ((k€)k€) 9161.99161.9 - - FTE 113,25 (p*y)FTE 113,25 (p*y)

TASKS:TASKS: 1+11 1+11 (MANAGEMENT + FOUR TOPIC AREAS)

PARTICIPANTS:PARTICIPANTS: 20 20 (15 countries involved)(15 countries involved)GANIL (F), CNRS/IN2P3 (F), INFN (I), CERN (UE), UCL (B), CEA (F), NIPNE (RO), JYU (FI), LMU (G), FZJ (G), FI (LT), UW (PL), SAS (SK), U- LIVERPOOL (UK), GSI (G), USDC (E), CCLRC (UK), PSI (CH), IPUL (LV), SU MSL (SE)

PROJECT ESTIMATED TOTAL EFFORTS:PROJECT ESTIMATED TOTAL EFFORTS: ((k€)k€) 32.284,3 32.284,3 - - FTE 490,45 FTE 490,45 ( p*y)( p*y)

DURATION OF THE PROJECT:DURATION OF THE PROJECT: 48 MONTHS48 MONTHS

STARTING DATE:STARTING DATE: FEBRUARY 1st, 2005 FEBRUARY 1st, 2005

COORDINATING INSTITUTION:COORDINATING INSTITUTION: GANIL (F)GANIL (F)

CONTRIBUTORS: 20 (12 countries involved from Europe, Asia and North America)U-FRANKFURT (G), BUDKER (RU) ,VNIIFT (RU), PNPI (RU), ORNL (USA), ANL (USA), KAERI (SKR), TRIUMF (CA),JAERI (JP), SOREQ (IL), U-MAINZ (G), VINCA (YU), KVI (NL), U-SURREY (UK), U-YORK (UK), U-PAISLEY (UK), U-UPPSALA (SE), NSCL (USA), FNAL (USA), HUG (CH)

Design Study


some M€ tens of M€ ~100 M€ ~600 M€ - 950 M€

EXCYT,TRIUMF,GANILORNL,REX ISOLDE,LOUVAIN LA NEUVE UPGRADING

THERE IS STILL A ROLE FOR THE EUROPEAN NATIONAL LABS

FAIR2012-2013

few kW

2003

10-20 kW

2005-8

100kW2010-2015

YES

up to 5 MW

after 2015

~105 p/s ~107 p/s ~108,9 p/s ~pnA

?

NETWORKING of complementary facilities (SPES, SPIRALII, MAFF, HIE-ISOLDE)

tens

7/20067/2006

We stand We stand herehere

RIBF-Riken

Design Study


The Beta-Beam Concept

=10

Decay

RingISOL target & ion source

Proton driver linac

Linac

<150

ECR

Storage ring, synchrotrons and decay ring

EURISOL

=10

Decay


Proton driver linac

Linac

<150

ECR


EURISOL

Design Study


4 TOPIC AREAS

EURISOL DS MANAGEMENT (GANIL/INFN-LNL/CNRS-IN2P3/CERN)

1 Targets and ion sources (Synergies with neutron spallation sources and neutrino facilities)

– Multi-MW target station : liquid- mercury converter (CERN) – Direct target : Several target-ion source systems (CERN,INFN-LNL) – Fission target : UCx target optimization (INFN-LNL, INFN-LNS)

2 Accelerators (Synergies with HIPPI (CARE))– Proton accelerator design: the driver (INFN-LNL): – Heavy ion accelerator design: the post accelerator (GANIL,INFN-LNL)– SC cavity development: cavity prototypes and multipurpose cryomodule

(CNRS-IN2P3/IPNO,INFN-LNL)

3 Physics, yields, safety and radioprotection (Synergies with EURONS)– Physics and instrumentation: conceptual design of novel instruments (U-LIVERPOOL,INFN-Pi,INFN-Na)– Beam intensity calculations: yield optimization of RIB species (GSI)– Safety and radioprotection: radiation fields, activation, shielding,

handling, storage, conformity to legislation (CEA)

4 Beta-Beams Aspects (Synergies with BENE (CARE), EURONS)– Beam preparation : breeders, 60 GHz ECR source (JYV,INFN-Ba) – Beta-beam aspects: conceptual design report of the Beta-Beam facility. It

includes preliminary studies on modifications of CERN accelerators in case the facility is sited at CERN ( CERN)

Design Study


Design Study


1Gev proton beam from a linac driver with extended capabilities to accelerate d, 3He2+, H-, A/q≤2

Postaccelerator 1

Postaccelerator 2

Postaccelerator 3

Schematic layout of the multi-target area

Design Study


few n-rich (Zt-Z)~2-3

p-rich(Zt-Z) up to 5-6

Zt-Z up to 15

Standard in target production method

1GeV-100kW p on direct target

Design Study


78Ni

132Sn


1GeV-100kW p on U- target

Design Study

G. Fortuna, Athens 2006

78Ni

132Sn


1GeV-4MW p

on liquid

Hg-converter

Design Study


78Ni

78Ni

Design Study


TEST CASES FOR 100kW DIRECT TARGETS

1-Targets-Actinide Targets (Carbide)

SiC,UC2+C, THC2+CW-converter, Moderator&Reflector

-Metal Foil target (solid)Ta, Nb

-Oxide powder of FiberBeO+converterInsulating materials at low de/dx

-Molten metals(liquid)Vapor condensation

2-Ion-Sources, Effusion-Mono-ECR-RILIS, Surface-FEBIAD

3-Elements Fr,Hg,Sn,Ar, Lanthanides,Be,Ne,He,Hg

Nupecc (Be, Ar, Ni, Ga, Kr, Sn, Fr )

SPIN OFF for:-Similar target materials-Elements from the same

chemical group

Synergy with β-beamsHe6, Ne18

EFFORTSNew Target Materials

Irradiation@LISOR-TARPIPEEffusion-BETmethod

Solid converterIon-source FEBIAD

Design Study


How to make useHow to make useof 100 kW beam power?of 100 kW beam power?

• several single target units have to be connected to a common ion source• each target unit fed in time sharing mode to limit beam power to 25 kW

Tantalum-foil Target for Alkali MetalsTantalum-foil Target for Alkali Metals and Rare Earth Elementsand Rare Earth Elements

STRATEGY - based on RIST [2] principleSTRATEGY - based on RIST [2] principle1. < 25 µm thick Ta-foils,2. conic hole in the center3. radiative cooling dissipation up to 25 kW (=: Pmax) for one single target unit

Design Study

G. Fortuna, Athens 2006

- Upper value for the vapor pressure:10-6 torr- Maximum operating temperature: 1650°C- Maximum dissipated power: ~5kW- Lifetime: 2-3 months (ca 50% protons for EURISOL)

TRIUMFTRIUMF SiC targetsSiC targets:

1/5 EURISOL1/5 EURISOL objectiveobjective

Design Study


Activities for β-beamActivities for β-beam Strategy to getStrategy to get 10101313/s /s 1818Ne and Ne and 66He into ion sourceHe into ion source• Different schemes of production for 18Ne(1/20)• Dual solid converter/BeO target for 6He (Be (n,α) 6He, ok!)• Dual solid converter/UCx target for fission fragments

Conceptual designConceptual design of the dual converterof the dual converterBeO-targetBeO-target

Design Study

RTD Schematic Layout of Multi-MW Target Station

Upgrading Upgrading stage of MMT!stage of MMT!

Design Study


• Confined Hg-jet or CompactConfined Hg-jet or Compact Hg-loopHg-loop• Window or Window-lessWindow or Window-less

1. Engineering study ( thermal hydraulics, fluid dynamics, materials, window or window-free).2. Innovative waste management in the liquid Hg-loop( Hg distillation.)3. Engineering design and construction of a functional Hg-loop.4. Off-line testing (validation) of the thermal hydraulics and fluid dynamics.5. Proposal for in-beam test in collaboration with other Hg target users.6. Engineering design of the target station and its handling method

MULTI-MW TARGET STATION

reflector

UCx/BeOtarget

Hg-target 30cm

73cm

p

Hg Target

Reflector

Reflector

Target container

UCx/BeO Target

Protons

68 cm

16 cm

BLDBLD

IS

POWER DENSITY

MMW Hg Target Configuration

• Reasonable charged particle confinement and power densities. • High neutron fluxes in the fission target, confinedwithin the assembly.• Large fission rate densities (twice larger than forBLD).• Proven design (SNS and ESS), technically simpler

concept.

Protons

Reflector

Reflector

Hg Jet

UCx/BeO Target

UCx/BeO Target

40 cm

4 cm

• Hg-jet: Very large high-energy proton escapes: Radioprotection issues, charged particlecontamination in the fission target .• Higher and harder neutron spectrum:enhanced fission densities (4 times larger).

• Technical difficulties to implement. High demanding R&D programme is needed

Hg Target

Reflector

Reflector

Target container

UCx/BeO Target

Protons

68 cm

16 cm

ISHg-jetHg-jet

Hg Target

Reflector

Reflector

Target container

UCx/BeO Target

Protons

68 cm

16 cm

4 cm1 litre

target

1 litre target

UnatC3 3 gcm-3 3 kg

Average circ. > 1 m

Neutron flux 4 x 1014 n/s/cm2

Plutonium 15 g (60 days)

1 litre

20 x 20 x 3 cm

Fissions: 2 x 1011 f/cm3/s/MW ~1015 f/s

Power density: 30 kW/litre 7.5 W/cm3/MW

25.4 litre total volume

238U Fission Cross Section

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105

Energy (MeV)

Sigm

a (B

arn)

neutron

proton

deuteron

• Significantly harder spectrum for the Hg-J, with a peak neutron energy between 1 − 2 MeV, compared to 300 keV for BLD and 700 keV for IS

• Very low fission cross-section in 238U below 2 MeV (~10-4 barns). Optimum energy: 35 MeV

• Use of natural uranium: f in 235U (0.7% wt.): at least 2 barns

• Further gain if neutron flux is reflected (e.g. BeO)

Neutron Energy Spectrum vs Fission Cross-Section in Uranium

G. Fortuna, Krakow 2006

BeO(Φ=15mm

UCx(Φ=15 mm

Graphite(1mm)

W container(1mm)

Ta Resistance(0.5mm)

W Triple Thermal Sheet(150 µm total)

Engineering Design of the Multi-MW Target Station

Proposed transverse liquid film model of the MMW Hg-target (windowless)

TASK #2 – Multi-MW Target

BeO(Φ=15mm

Ta Resistance(0.5mm)

W Triple Thermal Sheet(150 µm total)

W container(1mm)

Graphite(1mm)

UCx(Φ=15 mm

Engineering Design of the Multi-MW Target Station

General constraints

• Operation mode – CW (preferable), or pulsed, min 50 Hz, min. pulse length 1 ms– continuously adjustable beam current – Multi-user operation

• beams– P, 1 GeV, 5 mA – 3He, 2 GeV, 2.5 mA – D (1A/q2), 200 MeV, 5 mA

• extraction lines– @1 GeV:

• 14 MW• 3 100 kW

– @ 200 MeV: 11 MW – @ 2 GeV: 14 MW

• beam size at the target • σ< 1 cm n converter• σ< 3 cm direct target

• Maximum losses: 1 W/m

blue = Base-line Designgreen = Strongly recommended extended capabilities

Design Study

High energy beam splitters

• magnetic stripping at 1 GeV of a small part of the H- beam to H0

• bending of H- with a magnetic dipole• stripping of H0 to H+ by means of a stripper foil• H- to target 1 and H+ to target 2(3,4).• The spilled beam intensity can be controlled by adjusting the field

strength of the magnetic stripper.

Design Study

1 GeV Extraction possible scheme

MMWS4 MW H-

1 GeV/q

B stripper 1

foil stripper 1

3He2+ at 2 GeV 100 kW

DT1-100 kW H+

DT2-100 kW H+

DT3-100 kW H+

•3 splitting stations•4 simultaneous target station •1 target station for 2 GeV, 3He++

B stripper 2 B stripper 3

foil Stripper 2

foil Stripper 3

AdvantagesAdvantages Exists in LANCE. CW – no thermal

shocks. Simple to control. No disposable parts.

Drawbacks Low intensity

beam emittance growth.

H-

Design Study

Design Study


DRIVER R&D

HWR SPOKE 3-SPOKE

HP-COUPLER RF-Amplifier TEST-Cryostat

NEW DRIVER LAYOUT

• We have compared different scenarios for the EURISOL Driver, and

checked feasibility, performance and cost

• We found that the approximate length of a 5 mA cw, 1 GeV proton

linac would be ~200 m and its approximate cost ~200 M€

• We found also that including: 280 MeV A/q=2 and 2 GeV 3He beams

would increase length and cost of the driver by only ~16% , without

major modifications of the linac structure

• The possibility of using the 1GeV proton beam in 2 or more

extraction lines in parallel appears to be feasible with an extra cost

of about 3 %

• The new baseline design includes all the “desirable” features

RIB POSTACCELERATIONRIB POSTACCELERATIONMULTI-USER CAPABILITIES :

• target – ion sources -two units operational at any given time, with the additional possibility of

multiple ion sources coupled to the MMW target running simultaneously. • beam preparation lines at last 2 lines (pre-separator, cooler, high resolution mass separator and charge

breeder) for simultaneous availability of different radionuclides for multiple users.

• post-accelerators 1- Very Low Energy accelerator (< 1 MeV/u) for astrophysics and solid state physics applications,

2- Linac for processes near the Coulomb barrier (1 - ~ 6 MeV /u) 3- High energy linac, maximum energy of 150 MeV/u for 132Sn with beam

branches feeding separate experimental halls at different energy range. For normal use, no stripping foils because of safety, beam loss, and beam

quality considerations. Stripper option only for short-lived or high energy heavy RIBs.

β-BEAM INJECTOR The beta-beam injector (100 MeV/u for 6He and 18Ne) should deliver very high

instantaneous beam currents and necessitates a dedicate machine.

Post-acceleration scheme(old)

Pre-sep.

Beamgate

RFQcooler

High res.separator

Chargebreeder

Q/m-sel.

Buncher

LOW-ENERGY BEAM TRANSPORT, Task 9

Switching,matching

Switching,matchingTarget

tasksPost-acc.Tasks

Switching,matching

Beamgate

(NEW)

Design Study

PHYSICS & INSTRUMENTATION TASK Design Study

Incubator of a “EUROPEAN ISOL USER GROUP” triggering a number of initiatives like1- the implementation of a “ user data base”,2- the promotion of a session of the next Town Meeting fully dedicated to the present organization of user groups at the existing facilities and to the evolution of such organization in view of the so-called “EURISOL-phaseI” (Realisation of SPIRALII, SPES, HIE-ISOLDE,MAFF) and EURISOL.


PRIMARY GOAL: MANTAIN AND REINFORCE THE LINKS BETWEEN FACILITY DESIGNERS AND USER COMMUNITY

1-Select a number of “key Experiments” and identify , for them, the conceptual best detection system.2-For such detection systems, start from the present status of the art technologies and produce an “open” CDR where novel ideas along with advancing technologies could be easly incorporated . (Compilation of Specimen Experiments)

ACTIONACTIONSS

BEAM INTENSITY CALCULATION

Design Study


PRIMARY GOAL: BEST ESTIMATE OF THE YIELD OF THE ISOTOPES OF INTEREST THROUGH IMPROVED AND REALISTIC MODELS EXTENSIVELY VALIDATED WITH AD-HOC EXPERIMENTAL DATA ( mainly inverse kinematics reactions at 1 GeV*A)

Working packagesWorking packages

1-heavy ion requirement for driver accelerator 1-heavy ion requirement for driver accelerator (target gaps,3He2+, A/q=2 beams)

2-Fragmentation of post-accelerated ISOL beams 2-Fragmentation of post-accelerated ISOL beams (very n-rich RIBs, post-acc-Emax)(very n-rich RIBs, post-acc-Emax)

3-Fission Models 3-Fission Models 4-Spallation and Fragmentation Reactions 4-Spallation and Fragmentation Reactions ((238238U(1*A GeV) +U(1*A GeV) +11H,H,22H,Pb, H,Pb, 136136Xe+Xe+11H,H,22H, Pb, H, Pb, 208208Pb(1AGeV)+Be, Pb(1AGeV)+Be, 238238U(1*A GeV)+Be)U(1*A GeV)+Be) 5-Aspects of secondary reactions 5-Aspects of secondary reactions (secondary reaction aspects in thick targets) (secondary reaction aspects in thick targets) 6-n/p induced reactions up to Fermi-energy 6-n/p induced reactions up to Fermi-energy ((232232Th(p,f), Th(p,f), 238238U(p,f), U(p,f), 238238U,U,232232Th(d,pf), Th(d,pf), Penning trap method for isotope id) Penning trap method for isotope id) 7-predictions of secondary beam intensity 7-predictions of secondary beam intensity ( starting fromTARGISOL data base, ( starting fromTARGISOL data base, parametrisation of release efficiency parametrisation of release efficiency for different isotopesfor different isotopes in different material) in different material)

The Beta-Beam Concept(Baseline parameters fixed in 2005)

=10

Decay


Proton driver linac

Linac

<150

ECR


EURISOL

=10

Decay


Proton driver linac

Linac

<150

ECR


EURISOL

Design Study


•ForFor all machines: all machines: technical design issues under study (RF, Vacuum requirements, magnet technical design issues under study (RF, Vacuum requirements, magnet design)design)•Search for technical solutions to improve the vacuum situation in Search for technical solutions to improve the vacuum situation in PS( dynamic PS( dynamic

vacuum effects bring the vacuum to unacceptable levels :over 10vacuum effects bring the vacuum to unacceptable levels :over 10-5-5 Pa) Pa) •Collimation in the decay ring (Optics design, energy deposition per Collimation in the decay ring (Optics design, energy deposition per cycle 1MJ, 200Amps of peak current ...)cycle 1MJ, 200Amps of peak current ...)

18Ne shortfall (1order of 18Ne shortfall (1order of magnitude)magnitude)

Feedback on expectations for Feedback on expectations for ionion production and beam production and beam preparationpreparation

Design (LE-accumulation) a first Design (LE-accumulation) a first order layout of a dedicatedorder layout of a dedicated post accelerator should be post accelerator should be initiated initiated •For the further progress of RCS For the further progress of RCS shortlyshortly.

Design Study


11.. EURISOL Design Study should foster the organization of a Users EURISOL Design Study should foster the organization of a Users Group of European RNB Facilities.Group of European RNB Facilities.

22.. EURISOL Design Study should implement modern project and EURISOL Design Study should implement modern project and document management tools and procedures, at all levels in the document management tools and procedures, at all levels in the projectproject..

3.3. The study of the possibility of accelerating negative hydrogen ions, The study of the possibility of accelerating negative hydrogen ions, which would allow both real CW-operation on all targets which would allow both real CW-operation on all targets simultaneously and independent intensity control for the targets simultaneously and independent intensity control for the targets should be explored.should be explored.

44.. The anticipated gain in performance of EURISOL by the heavy ion The anticipated gain in performance of EURISOL by the heavy ion capability of the driver linac and the technical and financial capability of the driver linac and the technical and financial consequences of this capability should be assessed shortly to consequences of this capability should be assessed shortly to support the decision making on the driver linac specifications.support the decision making on the driver linac specifications.

5.5. The initiatives to study various options for the production of 6He The initiatives to study various options for the production of 6He and 18Ne are encouraged.and 18Ne are encouraged.

6.6. The scientific relevance and experiment specifications of the The scientific relevance and experiment specifications of the proposed secondary fragmentation should be studied promptly.proposed secondary fragmentation should be studied promptly.

77.. The advantage of using target materials other than The advantage of using target materials other than 238238U should be U should be assessed.assessed.

IAP FINDINGS AND IAP FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS

CW versus pulsed operation

Multi-user scheme

HI-capabilities

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