design of process equipment-distillation column, cstr …balasubramanian.yolasite.com/resources/m....
TRANSCRIPT
Design of Process Equipment-Distillation Column, CSTR and Adsorber
Department of Chemical Engineering
SRM University
Introduc)on–Equipments’
1
Distillation
Dis)lla)onisthesepara)onofliquidmixturesintotheirvariouscomponentsisoneofthemajoropera)onsinprocessindustriesanddis)lla)onisthemostcommonlyusedmethodofachievingthisendanditisthekeyopera)oninanyoilcompany
2
Distillation – Methods
Therearethreeprincipalmethodsusedinprac)ceandallrelyonthefollowing:i. Differen)alorBatchdis)lla)onii. Flashdis)lla)oniii. Con)nuousorRec)fica)on
3
Distillation – Differential (or) Batch Distillation
hLps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dis)lla)on
4
Distillation – Flash Distillation
5
Distillation – Continuous or Rectification
6
Distillation – Flash distillation
Note:Ofthethreeprincipaltypes,rec)fica)onisthemost
importantanditdiffersfromtheothertwomethodsin
thatpartofvaporiscondensedandreturnedastheliquid
tothes)ll,whereas,intheothermethods,allthevapor
eitherremovedassuchorcondensedasproduct.
7
Distillation – Other Methods
Basedonmodesofopera0on–BatchandCon)nuous
Basedonpressureemployed–atmosphericandvacuum
Basedoncomponents–BinaryandMul)componentdis)lla)on
8
Reactors – types
Thereactorsaretheheartofthechemicalproduc)onprocess
Itistheoneofthemainplacewheretherawmaterialsare
convertedintoproductsandreactordesignisavitalstepinthe
overalldesignofprocess.
9
Reactors – types Modeofopera)on :BatchandCon)nuous
Phasespresent :homogeneousorheterogeneous
Basedideality :idealandnon-ideal
BasedoncatalystuseandcontactpaLern:
i.Con)nuouss)rredtankreactor
ii.Tubularorplugflowreactor
iii.Packedbedreactor
iv.Fixedandmovingbedreactor
v.Fluidizedbedreactor
10
Reactors – types
11
ConstantS)rredTankReactor PlugfloworTubularreactors
Reactors – types
12Packedbedreactor Fixedandmovingbedreactor
Adsorption
ItisaprocessinwhichmoleculesofadsorbateaLachedtothesurfaceofasolidadsorbant.Inotherwords,theabilityofcertainsolidspreferen)allytoconcentratespecificsubstancesfromsolu)onontotheirsolidsurfacesInthismanner,thecomponentsofeitherliquidorgaseoussolu)onscanbeseparatedfromeachother.
13
Adsorption-Classification
Modesofopera)on–BatchandCon)nuous
Basedonphenomena–PhysicalorChemicaladsorp)on
BasedoncontactpaLern–SingleandMul)stagecontactors
14
Adsorption-Applications
LiquidSepara0ons
- Decoloniza)onofpetroleumproductsandaqeoussugar
solu)ons
- Removalofobjec)onablecolorandodorfromwater
- Frac)ona)onofmixturesofaroma)candparafinic
hydrocarbons
15
Adsorption-Applications
GaseousSepara0ons
- Usedtodehumidifyairandothergases
- Removalofobjec)onablecolorandimpuri)esfromindustrialgases
suchasCO2
- Torecovervaluablesolventvaporsfromdilutemixtureswithairand
othergases.
- Tofrac)onatethemixturesofhydrocarbongasescontaining
substancesasmethane,ethylene,ethane,propyleneandpropane
16
Adsorption-Applications
GaseousSepara0ons
- Usedtodehumidifyairandothergases
- Removalofobjec)onablecolorandimpuri)esfromindustrialgases
suchasCO2
- Torecovervaluablesolventvaporsfromdilutemixtureswithairand
othergases.
- Tofrac)onatethemixturesofhydrocarbongasescontaining
substancesasmethane,ethylene,ethane,propyleneandpropane
17
References
hLps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dis)lla)on
hLp://jpkc.zzu.edu.cn/ehgrlx/109-thermodynamics/blackboard/lesson18/dis)lla)on.html
CoulsonandRichardson,(2002)Par)cleTechnologyandSepara)onScience,Vol.–2,5thedi)on,BuLerworth-Heinemann
hLp://www.psenterprise.com/processbuilder/libraries/aml_dcr.html
hLp://www.netl.doe.gov/research/coal/energy-systems/gasifica)on/gasifipedia/fmb
hLp://encyclopedia.che.engin.umich.edu/Pages/Separa)onsChemical/Adsorbers/Adsorbers.html
18