design of characterization system for differential

10th ISFFM Querétaro, México, March 21-23, 2018

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“Design of Characterization System

For Differential Pressure Flow Meters”

J. David De La Torre C., Miguel Aguilar C.

L. Rolando Méndez M., L. Enrique Hernández O

J. De Jesús Casillas M., Manuel A. Chávez G.

CIATEQ A.C. Department of measurement systems.

203-A, B.Q. Industrial Park, El Marqués, Querétaro 76246, México.

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The paper describes the development of a characterization system for differential pressure flow

meters (orifice plate), considering the effects associated with the installation, physical-chemical

properties, correction of variables such as pressure, temperature and fluid type.

This characterization system, could provide traceability in the measurements of systems with

Orifice Plate, Venturi and Cone flow meter, under the particular conditions of the installation, even

if the measurement system does not work according to any of the design parameters mentioned

in the applicable regulations (ISO 5167, AGA Report no. 3).

The use of mathematical models declared in the national and international standards, implies the

fulfillment of the design and installation criteria (mechanical installation), when this is not possible,

the alternative is to perform a characterization of the flow measurement system, under specific

conditions.

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Reference system considerations

Development of the application for volume and mass quantity calculation (Phase 1,

liquid).

Application development for characterization and flow correction routines:

o Adjust by polynomial or interpolation.

o Use of meter adjustment factor (MF).

o Use of discharge coefficient vs differential pressure as adjustment factor.

Development of application for associated variables correction factors (secondary

instrumentation: temperature, pressure, density).

mailto:[email protected]


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Reference measurement system.

Figure 1. Reference measurement system

1.2. Reference system components (portable)

Mechanical installation

Carbon Steel, Schedule 40.

Mass flow rate measurement (reference)

Coriolis flow meter, 4 “in. Ø, #300 lb., Endress + Hauser, Promass 83; operating range

from 410 to 5519 kg/min, max. Error 0.04 %, traceability to CENAM.

Temperature and static pressure measurement

Multivariable indicator transmitter, Rosemount 3095FB.

Differential Pressure Measurement

Signal by system under test, electric current loop 4 to 20 mA.

Signal acquisition system

National Instruments embedded controller programmed with input / output modules

(cRIO).

Data communication infrastructure

Radio MODEM Data-Linc with RS-232 / 485 converter Adam.

Monitoring and control software

CPU with HMI software for monitoring and quantities calculations.

Signals:

1. Mass flow rate

2. Static Pressure

3. Differential Pressure (under test)

4. Temperature

5. Density

Signal Acquisition System

1. Embedded controller programmed

2. Input and output modules

Software HMI

1. Conditioning

2. Calculation of quantities

3. Characterization values

4. Correction values

5. Storage


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Image 1. Mass flow meter

Image 2. Multivariable transmitter

Image 3. Data acquisition

Image 4. Monitoring

Figure 2. Reference measurement system components (portable).


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Figure 3. Reference measurement system components (laboratory).

2. LIQUID MASS FLOW RATE TESTING IN FLOW FACILITIES Characterization tests of differential flow meters were carried out in the flow laboratory of CIATEQ A.C. (accredited to the ema), installing the meter under test in series with the reference meter (Coriolis), with the following operating conditions:

9 Test points from 500 to 1740 l/min, at operating conditions (temperature, pressure)

5 Repetitions at each point

Settings o Standard installation o Outside standard installation


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2.1. Operation conditions in flow facilities Table 1. Operating Conditions

OPERATING CONDITIONS

Fluid Non-distilled and non-potable water

Water Density At Reference Conditions 20°C, 1 kg/cm2

998.203254784 kg/m3.

Pipeline Material Carbon Steel, Schedule 40

Size and Class 4 “in. Ø #150 lb.

Diameter Of The Pipeline 4.026 “in. Ø

Operating range 400 - 2000 l/min.

Dynamic Viscosity of Water at 20 °C 1.1 x 10-6 m2/s

Table 2. Differential Pressure Indicator Transmitter (DPIT)

DPIT

Differential Pressure Transmitter Endress + Hauser

Serial No. F200C21509D

DPIT Measurement Range 2.5 - 2500 in. of H2O

Resolution DPIT 0.001 in. of H2O

Accuracy DPIT ±0.075% of calibrated span.

2.2. Flow meters under test

Orifice Plate Flow Meter

Table 3. Orifice Plate Information

Orifice Plate Information

Orifice Plate Manufacturer CIATEQ A.C.

Assembly Fitting, Daniel Brand, Mod. Junior

Orifice Plate Design Interval 450 - 1800 l/min.

Meter tube material Carbon Steel

Orifice Plate Material Stainless steel

Nominal Size 4.000” in. Ø

Meter Tube Diameter “D” 4.026” in. Ø

Orifice Place Bore Diameter “d” 2.0127” in. Ø

Beta Ratio 0.5

Flatness 0.030 mm.

Orifice Plate Roundness 15.66 µm.


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Orifice Plate Bore Thickness 1.933 mm.

Orifice Plate Thickness 3.3769 mm

Orifice Plate Bevel 44.8°

Image 5. Orifice plate

Image 6. Fitting installation

Venturi Flow Meter

Table 4. Venturi Information

Venturi Information

Venturi Manufacturer CIATEQ A.C.

Assembly in triple "T" installation (8 connections).

Type Of Manufacture: Machined

Venturi Material Stainless steel

Nominal Size 4.000” in. Ø

Meter Tube Diameter “D” 4.026” in. Ø

Diameter "d" Of The Throat 2.013” in. Ø

Beta Ratio 0.5

Image 7. Venturi

Image 8. General installation


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Cone Flow Meter

Table 5. Cone information

Cone Information

Venturi manufacturer McCrometer

Body material Carbon Steel

Cone material Stainless steel

Nominal size 4.000” in. Ø

Meter diameter “D” 4.026” in. Ø

Cone diameter "d" 2.140” in. Ø

Beta ratio 0.8483

Image 9. Cone

Image 10. General installation


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2.3. Differential pressure flow meters installation

Orifice plate with standard installation

Figure 4. Orifice plate with standard installation

Orifice plate with outside standard installation

Figure 5. Orifice plate with outside standard installation


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Venturi with standard installation

Figure 6. Venturi with standard installation

Venturi with outside standard installation

Figure 7. Venturi with outside standard installation


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Cone with standard installation (Manufacturer)

Figure 8. Cone with standard installation (Manufacturer)

Cone with outside standard installation

Figure 9. Cone with outside standard installation


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3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

The comparisons are made, in the determined points, using the infrastructure of the flow laboratory of CIATEQ headquarters Aguascalientes, with the software of acquisition of the laboratory.

Figure 10. Monitoring system

Table 6. Measurement points (Runs)

Run Mass Flow Rate (kg/min.)

1 500

2 650

3 800

4 950

5 1100

6 1260

7 1400

8 1550

9 1740

Using the mass flow calculation equation declared in ISO 5167-1 for Plate and Venturi, ISO 5167-5 for Cone, AGA R3 for orifice plate too, and inferring the value of the discharge coefficient (Cd), to determine it in function of the flow of the reference meter (coriolis), the characterization is carried out in each one of the different installations of each meter.


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………Eq. 1 The density value calculated by the acquisition software is used from the pressure and temperature measured during the test. Derived from the consecutive comparison of the three flow meters by differential pressure (orifice plate, Venturi and Cone) against the reference meter (Coriolis) the following results are obtained: 3.1. Orifice Plate Flow meter

Orifice Plate according to ISO-5167-1 (Standard)

Figure 11. O.P. Standard Qm (ISO)

9876543210

1750

1500

1250

1000

750

500

Runs

kg

/m

in.

Qm Coriolis (kg/min.)

Qm O. P. Standard (kg/min.)

Variable

Qm (kg/min.) Coriolis versus O. P. Standard installation

𝐶 =𝑄𝑚∙√1−𝛽

4

𝜀𝜋

4𝑑2√2∆𝑝𝜌

…(De ISO 5167)


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Figure 12. O. P. Standard Cd vs. Cd by standard (ISO)

Figure 13. O.P. Cd by standard vs. Cd Characteristic (ISO)

1750150012501000750500

0.6065

0.6060

0.6055

0.6050

0.6045

0.6040

Qm O. P. Standard (kg/min.)

Cd

Sta

nd

ard

Cd Standard vs. Qm O. P. Standard (kg/min.)

9876543210

0.67

0.66

0.65

0.64

0.63

0.62

0.61

0.60

RUNS

Cd

Cd Standard

Cd Characteristic

Variable

Cd Standard and Cd Characteristic


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Figure 14. O.P. Cd Characteristic vs. Differential pressure (ISO)

Orifice Plate outside of ISO-5167-1 (Outside standard)

Figure 15. O.P. Standard Qm (Outside ISO)

250000200000150000100000500000

0.67

0.66

0.65

0.64

0.63

0.62

Differential Pressure (Pa)

Cd

Ch

ara

cte

risti

c

Cd Characteristic vs. Differential Pressure

9876543210

1750

1500

1250

1000

750

500

Runs

kg

/m

in.


Qm P.O. Outside Std. (kg/min.)

Variable

Qm Coriolis (kg/min.) vs. Qm P.O. Outside Standard Installation


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Figure 16. O. P. Standard Cd vs. Cd by standard (Outside ISO)

Figure 17. O.P. Cd by standard vs. Cd Characteristic (Outside ISO)

1750150012501000750500

0.6065

0.6060

0.6055

0.6050

0.6045

0.6040

Qm P.O. Outside Std. (kg/min.)

Cd

Sta

nd

ard

Cd Standard vs. Qm P.O. Outside Std. (kg/min.)

9876543210

0.64

0.63

0.62

0.61

0.60

Runs

Cd

Cd Standard

Cd Characteristic

Variable

Cd Standard, Cd Characteristic


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Figure 18. O.P. Cd Characteristic vs. Differential pressure (Outside ISO)

Orifice Plate according to AGA Report no. 3 (Standard AGA)

Figure 19. O.P. standard Qm (AGA)

250000200000150000100000500000

0.645

0.640

0.635

0.630

0.625

0.620

0.615


Cd

Ch

ara

cte

risti

c


9876543210

1750

1500

1250

1000

750

500

Runs

kg

/m

in.


Qm P.O. Std.AGA (kg/min.)

Variable

Qm Coriolis (kg/min.) vs. Qm O. P. Std.AGA


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Figure 20. O. P. standard Cd vs. Cd by standard (AGA)

Figure 21. O.P. Cd by standard vs. Cd Characteristic (AGA)

1750150012501000750500

0.6065

0.6060

0.6055

0.6050

0.6045

0.6040

Qm P.O. Std.AGA (kg/min.)

Cd

Std

AG

A

Cd Std AGA vs. Qm O. P. Std.AGA (kg/min.)

9876543210

0.67

0.66

0.65

0.64

0.63

0.62

0.61

0.60

Runs

Cd

Cd Std AGA

Cd Characteristic

Variable

Cd Std AGA, Cd Characteristic


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Figure 22. O.P. Cd Characteristic vs. Differential pressure (AGA)

Figure 23. Meter Factor vs. Differential pressure (AGA)

250000200000150000100000500000

0.67

0.66

0.65

0.64

0.63

0.62


Cd

Ch

ara

cte

risti

c


250000200000150000100000500000

1.11

1.10

1.09

1.08

1.07

1.06

1.05

1.04

1.03

1.02


MF

(Qm

Co

rio

lis /

Qm

O.

P.

MF (Qm Coriolis / Qm O. P.) vs. Differential Pressure


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Orifice Plate outside of AGA Report no. 3 (Outside standard AGA)

Figure 24. O.P. standard Qm (Outside AGA)

Figure 25. O.P. standard Qm (Outside AGA)

9876543210

1750

1500

1250

1000

750

500

Runs

kg

/m

in.


Qm O. P. Out Std.AGA (kg/min.)

Variable

Qm Coriolis (kg/min.) vs. Qm O. P. Outside Std.AGA

1750150012501000750500

0.6065

0.6060

0.6055

0.6050

0.6045

0.6040

Qm O. P. Out Std.AGA (kg/min.)

Cd

Std

AG

A

Cd Std AGA vs. Qm O. P. Outside Std.AGA (kg/min.)


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Figure 26. O.P. standard Cd vs. Cd by standard (Outside AGA)

Figure 27. O.P. Cd Characteristic vs. Differential pressure (Outside AGA)

9876543210

0.64

0.63

0.62

0.61

0.60

Runs

Cd

Cd Std AGA

Cd Characteristic

Variable

Cd Std AGA, Cd Characteristic

250000200000150000100000500000

0.645

0.640

0.635

0.630

0.625

0.620

0.615


Cd

Ch

ara

cte

risti

c



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Figure 28. Meter Factor vs. Differential pressure (Outside AGA)

3.2. Venturi flow meter

Venturi according to ISO-5167-4 (Standard)

Figure 29. Venturi Qm (Standard ISO)

250000200000150000100000500000

1.06

1.05

1.04

1.03

1.02

1.01


MF

(Qm

Co

rio

lis /

Qm

O.

P.

MF (Qm Coriolis / Qm O. P.) vs. Differential Pressure

9876543210

1750

1500

1250

1000

750

500

Runs

kg

/m

in.


Qm Venturi Std. (kg/min.)

Variable

Qm Coriolis (kg/min.) vs. Qm Venturi Std.


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Figure 30. Venturi Cd by Standard vs. Qm (Standard ISO)

Figure 31. Venturi Cd by Standard vs. Cd Characteristic (Standard ISO)

1750150012501000750500

1.050

1.025

1.000

0.975

0.950

Qm Venturi Std. (kg/min.)

Cd

Std

AG

A

Cd Std. vs. Qm Venturi Std. (kg/min.)

9876543210

1.006

1.004

1.002

1.000

0.998

0.996

0.994

0.992

Runs

Cd

Cd Std

Cd Characteristic

Variable

Cd Std, Cd Characteristic


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Figure 32. Venturi Cd Characteristic vs. Differential pressure (Standard ISO)

Venturi outside of ISO-5167-4 (Outside standard)

Figure 33. Venturi Qm (Outside Standard ISO)

4003002001000

1.006

1.004

1.002

1.000

0.998

0.996

0.994

0.992

Differential Pressure (in. H2O)

Cd

Ch

ara

cte

risti

c


9876543210

1750

1500

1250

1000

750

500

Runs

kg

/m

in.


Qm Venturi OutsidStd. (kg/min.)

Variable

Qm Coriolis (kg/min.) vs. Qm Venturi Outside Std.


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Figure 34. Venturi Cd by Standard vs. Qm (Outside Standard ISO)

Figure 35. Venturi Cd by Standard vs. Cd Characteristic (Outside Standard ISO)

150012501000750500

1.050

1.025

1.000

0.975

0.950

Qm Venturi OutsidStd. (kg/min.)

Cd

Std

AG

A

Cd Std. vs. Qm Venturi Outside Std. (kg/min.)

9876543210

1.25

1.20

1.15

1.10

1.05

1.00

Runs

Cd

Cd Std

Cd Characteristic

Variable



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Figure 36. Venturi Cd Characteristic vs. Differential pressure (Outside Standard ISO)

3.3. Cone flow meter

Cone according to ISO-5167-5 (Standard)

Figure 37. Cone Qm (Standard ISO)

300250200150100500

1.23

1.22

1.21

1.20

1.19

1.18

1.17


Cd

Ch

ara

cte

risti

c


9876543210

1750

1500

1250

1000

750

500

Runs

kg

/m

in.


Qm Cono Std. (kg/min.)

Variable

Qm Coriolis (kg/min.) vs. Qm Cone Std.


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Figure 38. Cone Cd by Standard vs. Qm (Standard ISO)

Figure 39. Cone Cd by Standard vs. Cd Characteristic (Standard ISO)

1750150012501000750500

0.7700

0.7675

0.7650

0.7625

0.7600

0.7575

0.7550

Qm Cono Std. (kg/min.)

Cd

Std

Cd Std. vs. Qm Cone Std. (kg/min.)

9876543210

0.7700

0.7675

0.7650

0.7625

0.7600

0.7575

0.7550

Runs

Cd

Cd Std

Cd Characteristic

Variable



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Figure 40. Cone Cd Characteristic vs. Differential pressure (Standard ISO)

Cone outside of ISO-5167-5 (Outside standard)

Figure 41. Cone Qm (Outside Standard ISO)

403020100

0.7675

0.7650

0.7625

0.7600

0.7575

0.7550


Cd

Ch

ara

cte

risti

c


9876543210

1750

1500

1250

1000

750

500

Runs

kg

/m

in.


Qm Cono Outside Std. (kg/min.)

Variable

Qm Coriolis (kg/min.) vs. Qm Cone Outside Std.


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Figure 42. Cone Cd by Standard vs. Qm (Outside Standard ISO)

Figure 43. Cone Cd by Standard vs. Cd Characteristic (Outside Standard ISO)

1750150012501000750500

0.945

0.940

0.935

0.930

0.925

0.920

Qm Cono Outside Std. (kg/min.)

Cd

Std

Cd Std. vs. Qm Cone Outside Std. (kg/min.)

9876543210

0.97

0.96

0.95

0.94

0.93

0.92

Runs

Cd

Cd Std

Cd Characteristic

Variable



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Figure 44. Cone Cd Characteristic vs. Differential pressure (Outside Standard ISO)

4. Conclusions

CIATEQ performs the design and manufacture of pressure differential type meters (orifice plate, Venturi and Cone) under the recommendations of the ISO 5167 standard.

The performance of this type of tests is intended to characterize the performance of each of the meters, under the operating conditions (flow, pressure and temperature) in which they will be normally operating.

The particular characteristics of the installation of the flow laboratory of CIATEQ, such as distances of straight pipe, types of valves, pumping system, repeatability of the measurements, process conditions, physical state of the pipeline, type of fluid, effects environmental and the specifications of the instruments used for the measurement, together generate a direct impact on the value of the discharge coefficient obtained empirically.

302520151050

0.97

0.96

0.95

0.94

0.93

0.92


Cd

Ch

ara

cte

risti

c



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Figure 45. Interpolation data O.P.

A tool is developed to characterize the flow meters for each particular installation, by means of a "baseline" that allows to establish the own and particular values of the installation, generating an adjustment table (Differential pressure against discharge coefficient, or MF vs. ΔP) as an option to correct the value of the measurements made, by means of polynomial adjustment or interpolation of points.

ΔP1

ΔP1

ΔP1

ΔPn

Cd1

Cd2

Cd3

Cdn

ΔPi Cdi

Figure 46. Interpolation routine

250000200000150000100000500000

0.614

0.612

0.610

0.608

0.606

0.604

0.602


Cd

Ch

ara

cte

risti

c



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Figure 47. Monitoring system

The next step is to extend the study to natural gas flow systems, incorporating into the

Characterization System, the considerations of the joint effects of the isentropic exponent value

and the Joule - Thompson effect.

5. References

[1] Arias Romero, R. (s.f.). Uncertainty in mass flow measurement through an orifice plate. Simposio de metrología 2001. CENAM, Querétaro. [2] Arias Romero, R. (s.f.). Traceability and uncertainty in hydrocarbon flow measurements. Metrology Symposium 2002. CENAM, Querétaro. [3] International Organization for Standardization. ISO 5167-1. Ed. 2003. [4] International Organization for Standardization. ISO 5167-2. Ed. 2003. [5] International Organization for Standardization. ISO 5167-3. Ed. 2003. [6] International Organization for Standardization. ISO 5167-4. Ed. 2003. [7] International Organization for Standardization. ISO 5167-5. Ed. 2003. [8] American Gas Association Report no. 3, part 2, ed. 2016 [9] American Gas Association Report no. 3, part 3, ed. 2013 [10] Mercado Pérez, J. (s.f.). Considerations in the flow calculation, for a gas fluid, using a differential pressure measurement system. Metrology Symposium 2014. CENAM, Querétaro.

design of characterization system for differential

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