design & manufacturing an inclined elevator

5/22/2018 Design & Manufacturing an Inclined Elevator

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Design & Manufacturing an Inclined

Elevator

Ali Hussain 200000240

Mohammed Obaid 200000297

Habib Al-Saffar 200000318

United Arab Emirates University

College of Engineering

Project Advisor : Prof. Kamal Moustafa

Second Semester 2005/2006


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Outline

Introduction

Objectives

Mechanical system

Control system

Results and discussion Conclusion


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Introduction

An elevator is a transporting device used to movegoods or people vertically, horizontally or inclined.

Inclined elevators are used in such places that cannot use vertical space or used by disabled personsthat can not use an escalator.


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Objectives

GPI

Carrying out complete dynamic force analysis.

Applying engineering sciences.

Designing elevator components such as brakes,roping system, buffers etc.

GPII Selecting proper components according to the

design analysis.

Building a prototype with control devices.


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Inclined Elevator

Project

Mechanical

System

Control

System


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Mechanical System

Counterweight

Selection of suspension

rope

Traction drive

Elevator machine

Car

Door

Guiding rails

y

C.W

C.F

a

x

Sheave


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Real Design Layout


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Scaling

Scaling can be defined as the determination of theinterdependency of variables in a physical system.

Advantage

Used in solving cost effective problems.

A model was made with same geometric,kinematics and dynamic similarities as the realdesign.

The selected scaling factor was 1000:88.


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2D AutoCAD drawings


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Cont.


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Cont. (Cabin)

Cabin mass= 1.13 Kg


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Cont. (Counter-weight)

Kg.

.).(.

riderkgX

kgXm

mm

mperkg

032

131450450

htcabin weigloadratedof45%massweight-Counter

/5.0

)(Prototype)(4

085.0085.0

(Real)29.080

2

2


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3D AutoCAD drawing


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Prototype pictures


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Motor recalculation

scmV

sV

RV

R

Vmeasuredrpm

cmR

th

th

th

/2.20

60

211075.1

)(110motorwiper

75.1

2

2

2


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Control System

Objectives:

Controlling DC motor (Up, Down).

Controlling motor acceleration & deceleration.

Controlling level stops.

Operating system accessories (fan, light and

door-lock).


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Closed-loop control diagram


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Sensor

Rotary optical encoder

It is a digital electronic device used to convertthe angular position of a shaft to a number of

pulses.

256 pulses.

The input voltage is 5 volts.


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Cont. Coupling

Sensor


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Controldevice

Microcontroller unit (MCU):

Defined as a computer on a chip which is used to

control electronic devices.

Advantages:

A microcontroller unit can be a powerful tool when

building electro-mechanical systems.

It interacts with both hardware and user.


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Atmega8 (MCU(

8-Kbyte self-programming Flash.

Two timers.

28 Input and Output Pins.

Input voltage between 4.5 to 5.5 V.

Output current is equal to 40 mA.

Operating at 4 MHz frequency.


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Atmega8 (MCU(Pins Diagram


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Actuator

Motor speed control: A PWM technique works by making a

pulsating DC square wave with a variable on-

to-off ratio.


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Duty cycle

The duty cycle of the pulses exiting the

MCU was calculated as following:

scycleuty

scycleuty

cycleuty

s

768D

2563D

PulsesNo.incrementTimerD

312/4000000

1000incrementTimer

crystalin theincrementsofNo.speedCrystal

tincrementTimer


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Motor direction controller

How does a motor turn in two directions ?

By two ways:

1) Manually.

2) Automatically by a computer or a

microprocessor.


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Bipolar junction circuit

H-bridge technique has four switching elements at

its corners and the motor forms the cross bar.


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Cont.


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Relay H-Bridge


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Relay operation

A current flows through the coil, the resulting

magnetic field attracts the armature.

The movement either makes or breaks a

connection with a fixed contact.

When the current to the coil is switched off, the

armature is returned to the first position.

At the switching off action, the collapsingmagnetic field will generate a spike of current that

could damage the rest of the circuit.


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Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT)

Used to reduce the number of relays from four to

two.

Two relays with 20A current each were used.


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Circuit components

Opto-coupler

An opto-coupler is an optical link and it connects two

circuits via this link.

Used as insulation and a switch for any circuit.


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Cont.

Transistor array

Used to increase the current level in order to

operate the relays (amplifier).

MOSFET power transistor

Supplies 110 A current to the motor.


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Cont.

Crystal filter

It provides a very exactly defined centre frequency which

leads to stabilize the input frequency.

Supply frequency equals to 4 MHz.

Voltage regulator

Automatically maintains a constant voltage level

Supplies 5 V after changing it from 12 V.


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Cont.

And Gate

A logic gate is an arrangementof controlled switches used to

calculate operations in digital

circuits.

It is a multiplication operation

between the three input

variables (A,B and D).

Input 1 Input 2 Input 3 Output

0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0

0 1 0 0

0 1 1 0

1 0 0 0

1 0 1 0

1 1 0 0

1 1 1 1


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Cont.

Diode

It allows an electrical current to flow in one

direction.Seven-segment display

A method of displaying decimal numeric feedback

on the internal operations of devices.


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Printed circuit board (PCB)

Used to mechanically support and electrically

connect electronic components using conductive

pathways made from copper sheets on a non-

coductive material.

PCBs are inexpensive, fast, and consistent in high

volume production.


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Power supplying and direction schematic


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Power supplying and direction circuit


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MCU schematic


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MCU circuit


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Complete control system circuit


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BASICCOMPILER


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Cont


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Cont


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Results & Discussion

Cycle period:

%35100256

90256

powerpersentageMinimum

KHzsperiodCycle

Frequency

speriodCycle

sscycledutyof

003.22.499

11

2.4998.268768

8.26835.0768%35


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Cont.

Acceleration operation


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Cont.

The obtained frequency from the oscilloscope was

equal to 1.9 KHz.

The percentage error between the theoretical and

experimental values was equal to 5%.


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Cont.

The velocity of the cabin was measured

experimentally after the acceleration and before

the deceleration operation periods.

scmv

v

t

/5.176.1

28

tx

cm28x

s1.6


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Cont.

The percentage error of velocity was equal to

13%.

This error was formed by two factors;

The slip between the rope and the sheave

groove.

Random error.


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Conclusion

All objectives of the project were met.

Modifying the project can be done by two ways:

Adding limit-switch at each floor. Enhancing the sheave contact area with the

rope (V-groove).

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