design for sustainable development compost design presentation
TRANSCRIPT
4.3.2010April P. McEwanIND 548 Design for Sustainable Development
WASTE REDUCTION and RE-USE: INDOOR/OUTDOOR KITCHEN COMPOSTING
Justification & Significance2
The amount of food waste generated in the US is the third largest waste stream after
paper and yard waste. In 2008, about 12.7% of the total municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in
America was food scraps. Less than three percent of that 32 million tons was recovered and recycled. The rest - 31 million tons - was thrown away into landfills or incinerators.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
IMAGE i
3
Yard trimmings and food residuals together constitute 26% of the U.S. municipal solid waste [MSW] stream. That's a lot of waste to send to landfills when it
could become useful and environmentally beneficial compostU.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Justification & Significance
4
ORGANIC MATTER + O2 + H2O + NO3- + SO4
2- + HEAT = COMPOST
Shivel et al., 2006
For beneficial nutrient-rich compost, you simply need green (food waste) and brown (yard waste) organic matter, oxygen, air, time, and heat.
Compost Process
5
Compost , or Humus, the nutrient-rich benefits of composting food and yard waste
6
Compost can…U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Justification & Significance
Suppress plant diseases and pests.
Reduce or eliminate the need for chemical fertilizers.
Promote higher yields of agricultural crops.
Facilitate reforestation, wetlands restoration, and habitat revitalization efforts by amending contaminated, compacted, and marginal soils.
Cost-effectively remediate soils contaminated by hazardous waste.
Remove solids, oil, grease, and heavy metals from storm-water runoff.
Capture and destroy 99.6 percent of industrial volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in contaminated air.
Provide cost savings of at least 50 percent over conventional soil, water, and air pollution remediation technologies, where applicable.
7
Solutions for diverting food and vegetation waste to compost involve re-designing the kitchen
to accommodate the collection of kitchen scraps for easier composting, thus providing enriched garden soil for home gardens.
KITCHEN
COMPOSTGARDEN
Conceptual Framework
8
Existing Solutions
Ceramic Compost Pail
9
Existing Solutions
Nature Mill’s Electric Composterhttp://www.naturemill.com/video_histChan.html
10
Solution A: Kitchen Island Pull-out Compost Base Cabinet
11
Solution A: Kitchen Island Pull-out Compost Base Cabinet
12
Solution A: Kitchen Island Pull-out Compost Base Cabinet
13
Solution B: Interior/Exterior Kitchen Composting System
14
Solution B: Interior/Exterior Kitchen Composting System
15
Solution B: Interior/Exterior Kitchen Composting System
16
Solution B: Interior/Exterior Kitchen Composting System
17
Solution B: Interior/Exterior Kitchen Composting System
18
Figure 1 “Total Municipal Solid Waste Generation, 2007”United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2009). Wastes - Resource Conservation – Common Wastes & Materials – Organic Materials: Basic Information about Food Waste. Retrieved 3.22.10, 2010, from http://www.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/materials/organics/food/fd-basic.htm
Figure 2 “Conceptual Framework for Solutions A & B”
Figure 3 “Ceramic Compost Crock”Clean Air Gardening. (2010). Environmentally Friendly Lawn & Garden Supplies. Retrieved 3.22.2010, fromhttp://www.cleanairgardening.com/ceramic-compost-crock.html
Figure 4 “Nature Mill’s electric composter”Nature Mill. (2010). Compost Made Easy! Retrieved 3.22.2010, from http://naturemill.com/howItWorks.html
Figure 5 “Kitchen Island Plan View: 12” CB = Compost Base (not to scale)
Figure 6 “Kitchen Island Elevation: 12” CB = Compost Base (not to scale)”
Figure 7 “Kitchen Island Elevation Detail with Compost Base Pull-out (not to scale)”
Figure 8 “Indoor/Outdoor Compost System Section of Kitchen Exterior/Sink Wall (not to scale)”
Figure 9 “Kitchen Exterior/Sink Wall Plan View” (not to scale)
Figure 10 “Kitchen Exterior/Sink Wall Elevation” (not to scale)
Image References
19
Figure 11 “Kitchen Exterior/Sink Wall Plan View Compost System Detail” (not to scale)
Figure 12 “Figure 12: Compost System Section Detail” (not to scale)
Figure 13 “Compost System Interior Elevation Detail” (not to scale)
Figure 14 “Compost System Exterior Elevation” (not to scale)
Figure 15 “Total Impacts/Lifetime Calculations with Carbon Factors”
Figure 16 “Total Impacts/Lifetime Calculations with Okala Factors”
Figure 17 “Compost, or Humus, the nutrient-rich benefits of composting food and yard waste” The Environmental Industry Associations. (2010). Landfills: Municipal Solid Waste Landfills. Retrieved 5.1.2010,From http://www.organicgardeninfo.com/organic-gardening-compost.html
Image References
20
Belletire, S., St. Pierre, L. & White, P. (2004). Okala: Learning ecological design. Portland.
Glynn County Official Website. (2008). Glynn County Solid Waste Program. Retrieved 3.22.2010, from http://www.glynncounty.org/search.aspx?M=C&S=1&SearchString=%20solid%20waste%20program%20&ysnCount=0&showall=1
McDonough, W., & Braungart, M. (2002). Cradle to cradle: remaking the way we make things. New York:North Point Press.
N. Trautmann et al., (1996). Cornell composting. Composting in schools. Troubleshooting compost problems. Retrieved 5.1.2010, from Cornell University, Cornell Waste Management Institute, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Web site: http://compost.css.cornell.edu/TROUBLE.HTML
Pollan, M. (2002). The botany of desire: A plant’s-eye view of the world. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks.
Shilev, S., Mladen, N., Ventsislava, V. & Aladjadjiyan, A. (2007). Composting of food and agricultural wastes. In V. Oreopoulou (Ed.), W. Russ (Series Ed.) & K. Kristbergsson (Series Ed.). Utilization of by-products and treatment of waste in the food industry (pp. 283-302). New York: Springer Science + Business Media, LLC.
The Environmental Industry Associations. (2010). Landfills: Municipal Solid Waste Landfills. Retrieved 5.1.2010,from http://www.environmentalistseveryday.org/issues-solid-waste-technologies-regulations/landfills garbage-disposal/index.php
United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2009). Wastes - Resource Conservation - Reduce, Reuse,Recycle – Composting. Retrieved 3.22.10, 2010, from http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/rrr/composting/
United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2009). Wastes - Resource Conservation - Reduce, Reuse,Recycle – Composting : Basic Information. Retrieved 3.22.10, 2010, from http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/rrr/composting/basic.htm
United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2009). Wastes - Resource Conservation – Common Wastes &Materials – Organic Materials: Basic Information about Food Waste. Retrieved 3.22.10, 2010, from http://www.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/materials/organics/food/fd-basic.htm
United States Environmental Protection Agency. (1997). Estimating and Addressing America’s Food Losses. Retrieved 3.22.2010, from http://www.epa.gov/wastes/conserve/materials/organics/food/fd-basic.htm
Vasil, A. (2009). Ecoholic. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Citation References
21
Questions & Comments?
Thank you!
FOR TIPS ON COMPOSTING, VISIT
WWW.EPA.GOV/OSW/CONSERVE/RRR/COMPOSTING/