João Aleluia

Project Coordinator

Environment and Development Division

Hanoi, Viet Nam, 9 June 2016

Design Elements of the NAMA Programme: “Waste-to-

Resources for Cities in Viet Nam”

2

The concept of NAMA

“Nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country

Parties in the context of sustainable development, supported and

enabled by technology, financing and capacity building, in a

measurable, reportable and verifiable manner”

Greenhouse gas emission reductions should be achieved alongside strong

sustainable development benefits

NAMAs should support a transformational change and a paradigm shift

NAMAs require strong national-level support

NAMAs should address clearly identified barriers

3

Solid waste management in Viet Nam

Solid waste generation rates are increasing in Viet Nam, with waste

disposal being the common practice

Disposal of waste in landfill sites and

open dumps is the current practice

Solid waste collection rates are 83-85%

of total generation

Informal sector active along the waste

management value chain

Biodegradable organics are typically not

recovered, leading to the emission of

greenhouse gases

Source: “Waste-to-Resource” NAMA Design Study

4

Policy framework

The policy framework on solid waste management and climate change is

supportive of waste recovery approaches and the principles of Reducing,

Reusing and Recycling (3R)

National Strategy for Integrated Management of Solid Waste up to 2025 and Vision

towards 2050 (2009)

By 2050, all types of waste are to be collected, reused, recycled and treated

100% waste collection rates in urban areas by 2025, with 90% of collected waste to be treated in

an environmental friendly manner by 2025

National Climate Change Strategy (2011)

By 2020, 90% of the total volume of urban waste domestic waste should be collected and

treated, of which 85% it to be recycled and reused

Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Viet Nam (2015)

Recognizes the need to develop enhanced waste management capacities and the

promotion of 3Rs

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Barrier analysis

Several barriers hinder the implementation of “waste-to-resource” initiatives in

Viet Nam

Lack of guidelines and regulations to stimulate and/or enforce the implementation of

national targets

Insufficient policy, regulatory and market incentives for stimulating investments in solid

waste management

Institutional arrangements for the climate change and waste sectors in Viet Nam are

complex, often unclear, and suffer from overlapping roles and responsibilities

Limited availability of funds to finance “waste-to-resource” initiatives at the local level

Lack of capacities, know-how and expertise along the development cycle of “waste-to-

resource” initiatives

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Aim of the NAMA

The Waste-to-Resource NAMA aims to…

Support Viet Nam in reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the solid waste

sector through the implementation of waste management approaches that are in

line with the principles of Reducing, Reusing, Recycling (3R) and the recovery

of resources from waste, while at the same time contributing to sustainable

development in Viet Nam.

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Key measures to address identified barriers

The NAMA will address the barriers hindering the solid waste sector of Viet Nam

through the establishment of a policy and institutional framework that will:

• Encourage cities to voluntarily propose their own targets for reusing, reducing

and recycling solid waste, based on those laid out on the National Strategy for

Integrated Management of Solid Waste up to 2025 and Vision towards 2050

• Establish a NAMA Management Board to operate as a “one-stop shop” and steering

committee for the activities under the NAMA

• Set up a dedicated financing vehicle to mobilize and channel funds from international

and national sources to the implementation of measures aligned with those endorsed

by the NAMA

• Create incentive schemes at national, provincial and city level that enable the

financial and economic viability of “waste-to-resource” initiatives

• Provide technical, operational and managerial support to officials and practitioners

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Scope of the NAMA

Eligible measures of the NAMA include the following:

Reduction of solid waste generated and implementation of waste segregation practices;

Diversion of waste streams from final disposal sites, with diverted waste being treated

through the following approaches:

Biological treatment of the organic component of waste (composting and anaerobic digestion)

Recovery, reuse and recycling of inorganic waste

Physical and pelletization methods such as the production of refuse-derived fuel (RDF)

Implementation of integrated and sustainable waste management approaches along the

waste management value chain in line with the principles of 3R, including “good practices”

identified in Viet Nam

Strategies and policies designed at city or provincial level for “zero waste” or a “carbon neutral

waste sector”.

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Good practices are supported by the NAMA

The NAMA will support the dissemination of good practices for solid waste

management in Viet Nam, one of them being the Integrated Resource Recovery

Center (IRRC) model, which has been piloted in the cities of Quy Nhon and Kon

Tum

Composting boxes of

IRRC in Quy Nhon

Composting bags of IRRC

in Kon Tum

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Top-down and bottom-up approach

The NAMA was conceptualized as an articulation of both “top-down” and “bottom-

up” measures….

Establishment of a NAMA Management Board to act as a “one-stop shop” for the NAMA (DSTE,

MoC)

Establishment of a dedicated financial vehicle to fund activities of the NAMA (VEPF, MoNRE)

Climate change core expertise and assistance to be provided by national level entities

Cities and provinces voluntarily take part on the NAMA and propose to come up with their own

targets on 3R based on national plans and strategies

Implementation of activities at sub-national level, which are subsequently subject to Monitoring,

Reporting and Verification (MRV)

Waste-to-Resource

NAMA

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Project Development Process

The NAMA programme will be developed along the following main steps:

NAMA is

endorsed/approved

at national level

Establishment of NAMA

Management Board and

capacity building

City and provincial

government authorities

are informed about the

NAMA

Cities agreeing to

join the NAMA

submit detailed plan

Plan is evaluated by

NAMA Management

Board

Activities eligible as

part of the NAMA

are communicated

to cities

Eligible activities

are implemented

and subject to MRV

1

2 3

4 5 6 7

Institutional arrangements

MoNRE MoC MARD MoIT

DMHCC DSTE VEA VEPF

NAMA Facility Green Climate

Fund

Development

Banks

Other

international

donors

Provincial

Governments

Municipal

Governments

Project Developers

URENCOs

National Level

Sub-national Level

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NAMA Financing Options

The full implementation of the measures proposed under the NAMA are

estimated to require an average minimum investment of 2.4 trillion VND per year

Waste-to-Resource NAMA

Unilateral

(Domestic)

Supported

(International)

National

government

Sources of Funding

Provincial

and city

governments

Private

Sector Banks

Private

Sector (FDI)

Climate

financing

60-80% 20-40%

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Greenhouse gas emission reductions

The full implementation of the NAMA could reduce GHG emissions from the

solid waste sector in 71% by 2030 in relation to a business-as-usual scenario

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

CO

2e

q (

mill

ion

to

ns)

Year

PE y ER comp,y ER paper recycling,y ER RDF,y ER AD,y

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Sustainable development benefits

Economic benefits

Reduced costs with landfilling

Extended landfill life

Reduced subsidies on chemical

fertiliser

Improved crop yield

Social benefits

Improved living conditions

Better job opportunities

Reduced disease spread

Better environmental awareness

Environmental benefits

Reduced soil and water pollution

Reduced GHG emissions

Improved soil quality

Production of low-carbon fuel(s)

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Relevance to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

The “Waste-to-Resource” NAMA can support Viet Nam achieving some of its

Sustainable Development Goals…

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Next steps

Obtain national endorsement and

support for the NAMA

Formal approval of the NAMA

Identify cities that could pilot the

NAMA

Seek international support for

piloting and full implementation

Further elaborate on some of the

NAMA elements

NAMA Design Piloting and testing NAMA up-scaling

1 2 3

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Issues for discussion

Thoughts and considerations from workshop participants on NAMA design

elements

Process for national level endorsement and approval of the NAMA

programme

Next steps, including the interest of cities in piloting the programme

Thank you for the attention!

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