design and specifying a1035 corrosion resistant and high … · 2017. 4. 25. · aci itg-6r (2010)...
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Design and Specifying A1035 Corrosion Resistant
and High Strength Reinforcing Steel
Bethany Hennings Cascade Steel Rolling Mills
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History of Reinforcing Steel
A15 GR 33
A15 GR 50
A615 GR 40
A615 GR 60
A706 GR 60
A615 GR 75
A706 GR 80
A1035 GR 120
A615 GR 100
A1035 GR 100
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040
Increasing Strength
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First reinforced concrete structures in 1884
First uses of corrosion mitigation 1930s Galvanized Late 1930s Stainless Steel 1973 Epoxy Coating 2000 A1035 (MMFX)
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What is ASTM A1035
Deformed and Plain, Low-Carbon, Chromium Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
Known in the industry as MMFX, MMFX2, ChromX
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ASTM Designation: A1035/A1035M-16 Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain, Low-Carbon, Chromium, Steel Bars for Reinforcement
• First ASTM A1035 Standard issued in 2004
• 2015 Standard Modified to include the ChrōmX Series
• Grade 100 (690 MPa) and Grade 120 (830 MPa) rebar
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Guidelines, Codes and Specifications for Designing to 100 ksi (690 MPa) ASTM A1035
ACI ITG-6R (2010) Design Guide for the
Use of ASTM A1035/A1035M Grade 100 (690)
Steel Bars for Structural Concrete
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Guidelines, Codes and Specifications for Designing to 100 ksi (690 MPa)
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications
(Edition 7, 2014) Bridge Design Code for
the Use of ASTM A1035/A1035M Grade
100 (690 MPa) Steel Bars for Bridge
Structures
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AASHTO Designation: MP 18M/MP 18-09 Uncoated, Corrosion-Resistant, Deformed and Plain Alloy, Billet-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement and Dowels • Reference ASTM A1035
Standard
• ChrōmX 9100
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What makes ChrōmX steel different from other rebar? ChrōmX micro-structure prevents conventional steel corrosion mechanisms
Ferrite
Grain boundary with carbides
Typical Steel Microstructure Mild steel’s microstructure is a
mix of ferrite and iron carbide
Together in the presence of moisture, chlorides & oxygen, the ferrite and iron carbide form galvanic cells (like batteries), which accelerate the process of corrosion from the inside out
Retained (untransformed) austenite nano-sheets (green)
ChrōmX Microstructure
Dislocated laths of martensite (grey)
ChrōmX lamellar structure of martensite and retained austenite achieves high strength with ductility
Carbide Typical
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Normal Steel Reinforcing
Typical cooling rate (forms pearlite)
Quench in water (forms martensite)
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Composition Max, %A
ChrōmX Series
Alloy Type Carbon Chromium Manganese Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon
2000 1035 CL 0.3 2.0-3.9 1.5 0.05 0.035 0.045 0.5
4000 1035 CM 0.2 4.0-7.9 1.5 0.05 0.035 0.045 0.5
9000* 1035 CS 0.15 8.0-10.9 1.5 0.05 0.035 0.045 0.5
*Formerly sold as MMFX₂
Chemical Composition of ASTM A1035 Alloy Types
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MMFX Reinforcing
Typical cooling rate (now forms martensite)
Quench in water (still forms martensite)
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High Strength
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Congested Beam to Col. Joint
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
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Columns and Structural Walls
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Reinforcement Transition
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Too dense…
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Full-Size Replica of two columns
Designing With 100 ksi (690 MPa) ChrōmX in Confinement
100 ksi (690 MPa) confinement ties #5 @ 4” vertical spacing
60 ksi (420 MPa) confinement ties #5 @ 2 ¼” vertical spacing
Conventional Steel ChrōmX Steel
ChrōmX high strength for Less Rebar Congestion
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Use of A1035
» Washington » Idaho » Oklahoma » New York » Hawaii » Utah » Montana » Louisiana » New Jersey » South Dakota
FHWA Provinces
» British Columbia » Alberta » Saskatchewan » Manitoba » Ontario
States » Virginia » Florida » California » Oregon
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Specifying ASTM A1035
Make sure to use ASTM designations A1035/CS
» ChromX9100 A1035/CM
» ChromX4100 A1035/CL
» ChromX2100
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Specifying
Bar supports » Same as for black bar
No welded splices allowed Same bend diameters as black bar Shear cut or fluid-cooled saw
» Torch cutting should not be allowed Approved end anchors and
mechanical connectors
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Mechanical Splices & Anchorages (Headed Bars)
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Specifying Handling and Storage
Handled the same as for black bar
If stored outside more than two months » Polyethylene sheeting or other » Store on dunnage
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Specifying For the Field
No welding allowed Mill scale may show surface rust Field bending
» Same rules as for black bar Field cutting
» Same rules as for black bar Tying
» Same rules as for black bar
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Schedule
ChromX 9100 » Rolls each cycle » Carry inventory of most bar sizes
ChromX 4100 and 2100 » Rolled to order » Small inventory
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Cost
Pricing has been more stable than black bar
Price depends on level of corrosion resistance
Maximum corrosion resistance roughly 3x black bar » Less than stainless
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Not Just Research
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Almost Ten Years Later
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Outside Exposure
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Great Performance
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Thank you, Any Questions?