design and fabrication of anti-reflection thin films for fiber optic communication systems advisors...
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Design and Fabrication of Anti-Reflection Thin Design and Fabrication of Anti-Reflection Thin
Films for Fiber Optic Communication SystemsFilms for Fiber Optic Communication Systems
Advisors
Dr. H. Masoudi
Dr. E. Khawaja
Dr. S. Ayub
Group E
Mansour Al-Hagwi
Ahmed Afif
Amjad Sindi
Rayyan Al-Ghamdi
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Electrical Engineering Department
19 May 2002
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In This PresentationIn This Presentation
IntroductionIntroduction
Fabrication of Thin FilmsFabrication of Thin Films Physical Vapor DepositionPhysical Vapor Deposition Controlling the ThicknessControlling the Thickness
MeasurementsMeasurements SpectrophotometerSpectrophotometer
Single Layer Anti-Reflection Film (SLAR)Single Layer Anti-Reflection Film (SLAR) Design and FabricationDesign and Fabrication ResultsResults
Double Layer Anti-Reflection Film (DLAR)Double Layer Anti-Reflection Film (DLAR) Design and FabricationDesign and Fabrication ResultsResults
Inhomogeneous FilmsInhomogeneous Films
ConclusionConclusion
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IntroductionIntroduction
Fiber Optic
Incident Wave
Reflected Wave (4.3%)Transmitted Wave (95.7%)
Glass Air
The aim of the project is to The aim of the project is to minimize the losses minimize the losses
due to reflectiondue to reflection
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IntroductionIntroduction
Fiber Optic
Incident Wave
No ReflectionTransmitted Wave (100%)Thin
FilmGlass Air
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n0
n1
n2
IntroductionIntroduction
Anti-Reflection Mechanism: Multi-Reflection
Glass
Film
Air
Destructive Interference
Constructive Interference
n1
Refractive index
Thickness
d
Important Parameters of Thin FilmsImportant Parameters of Thin Films
Refractive index (Refractive index (nn))
Thickness of the film (Thickness of the film (dd))
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Physical Vapor DepositionPhysical Vapor Deposition
Need of VacuumNeed of Vacuum
ApproachesApproachesResistive HeatingResistive Heating
Electron BeamElectron Beam
Controlling the ThicknessControlling the Thickness
Quartz Crystal Thickness MonitoringQuartz Crystal Thickness Monitoring Optical Thickness MonitoringOptical Thickness Monitoring
Fabrication of Thin FilmsFabrication of Thin Films
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Fabrication of Thin FilmsFabrication of Thin Films
Physical Vapor DepositionPhysical Vapor Deposition
Resistive HeatingResistive Heating
Apply voltage to the terminalsApply voltage to the terminals
High current will passHigh current will pass
Temperature increases Temperature increases
Material evaporates Material evaporates in a shape of a conein a shape of a cone
Small Boat
Terminals
Coating Material
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Fabrication of Thin FilmsFabrication of Thin Films
Physical Vapor DepositionPhysical Vapor Deposition
Electron BeamElectron Beam
High powerHigh power
Concentration on Concentration on a small surfacea small surface
PocketFilament
Electron Beam
e-
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Fabrication of Thin FilmsFabrication of Thin Films
Controlling the ThicknessControlling the Thickness
Quartz CrystalQuartz Crystal
Quartz crystal is fixedQuartz crystal is fixed
Substrate is rotatingSubstrate is rotating
=> => Different positionsDifferent positions
=>=> Different amounts of evaporant Different amounts of evaporant
=>=> Geometrical Factor ( Geometrical Factor (GG))
taluartz crysd on the qm depositeof the filThickness
ubstrate d on the sm depositeof the filThickness G
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Fabrication of Thin FilmsFabrication of Thin Films
Controlling the ThicknessControlling the Thickness
Optical Thickness MonitoringOptical Thickness Monitoring
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MeasurementsMeasurements
Dual Beam SpectrophotometerDual Beam Spectrophotometer
Light SourceSlit
Grating Monochromator
Sample
Splitter
Reflector
Detector 2
Detector 1Reference Beam
Sample Beam
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1011 ,nngg
γgggg
ggnnT
2cos21
)1()1)(/(
2122
21
22
2102
Single Layer Anti-Reflection FilmsSingle Layer Anti-Reflection Films
Design of SLARDesign of SLAR
Fabrication of MgFFabrication of MgF22 Film Film
Resistive HeatingResistive Heating
Quartz Crystal Thickness Quartz Crystal Thickness MonitorMonitor
41
dn
201 nnn
Film (n1)
Glass (n2=1.52)
Air (n0=1)
4
2122 ,nngg
dn12
MgF2 (n1=1.38)Film (n1=1.23)
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Single Layer Anti-Reflection FilmsSingle Layer Anti-Reflection Films
Results of MgFResults of MgF22 Film Film
RExperimental = 0.7%
RTheoretical = 1.3%
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Double Layer Anti-Reflection FilmsDouble Layer Anti-Reflection Films
Design of Double Layer FilmDesign of Double Layer Film
0
3
1
2
n
n
n
n WO3 (n2 = 2)
Glass (n3 = 1.52)
(n0 = 1)Air
NdF2 (n1 = 1.6)4
4
Fabrication of Double Layer FilmFabrication of Double Layer Film
Resistive HeatingResistive Heating
Optical Thickness MonitorOptical Thickness Monitor
Film 1 (n1)
Film 2 (n2)23.1
1
2 n
n
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Double Layer Anti-Reflection FilmsDouble Layer Anti-Reflection Films
Results of Double Layer FilmResults of Double Layer Film
RTheoretical = 0.02%
RExperimental = 0.5%
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Inhomogeneous FilmsInhomogeneous Films
Microscopic view of inhomogeneous films (from literature)
Region 1
Region 2
=>=>=>=>
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Inhomogeneous FilmsInhomogeneous Films
0
5
10
15
20
25
0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3
Normalized Wavelength
Ref
lect
ance
(%
)
Fabrication of CeOFabrication of CeO22 Film Film
Electron BeamElectron Beam Quartz CrystalQuartz Crystal
Experimental ResultsExperimental Results
RExperimental = 0.1%
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ConclusionConclusion
Uncoated Glass
Single Layer Films Double Layer Film
Material _____ MgF2 CeO2 NdF2 + WO3
Theoretical Reflectance (%)
4.3
Experimental Reflectance (%)
4.2
Improvement in Reflectance (%)
_____
1.3
0.7
3.5
_____
0.1
4.1
0.02
0.5
3.7??
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Thank YouThank YouThank YouThank You