design and development of automatic electric parking brake

Design and Development of Automatic Emergency Parking Brake System:

A ReviewNihar toraskar1, Smitesh Mhatre2, Gunjan Rahi3

1Student, Saraswati College of Engineering, India, [email protected]



Abstract Disclosed herein arean electronic parking brake system and acontrol method thereof.The electronic parking brake systemincludes brakes, Electric Magnets to applybraking force to the brakes, a currentsensor to sense current of the motor, andan electronic control unit to judge thebraking force of the brakes based on thecurrent of the motor, and to control drivingof the motor based on the braking force.The electronic parking brake systemsenses the position of the vehicle using thesmall-sized proximity sensor, therebyeasily obtaining a space in which thecurrent sensor is installed and thusreducing a product size ofthe electronic parking brake system.

Keywords: Speed Sensors, InclinationSensors, ECU, Electro Magnets, ControlCircuit, Wheel

1. Introduction

Electronic park brakes started to

appear in vehicles from the early

2000s. They’ve arrived with little

fanfare, but there are solid reasons for

the global automotive industryadopting the new technology. With thiselectronic system there is no need for acumbersome lever fitted in the vehiclecabin, and nor is there any need for acable mechanism to the rear wheelbrake callipers. To actuate the systemthe driver simply pulls the park brakeswitch (or presses it down in somecars). This sends a signal to the parkbrake control unit, which in turn sendsa signal to activate the electric motorson the rear brake calipers. These thenapply the brake. To release the ParkBrake the driver pushes (or pulls) thePark Brake switch and the electricmotors are activated to release the rearbrake callipers. Parking brakes are notonly required to hold the vehicle in astationary position but can also be usedto assist learner drivers and physicallydisabled individuals. A novice driverwhile on a slope can use the parkingbrake for a start assist which willprevent the vehicle from rolling backdownwards and preventing damage toother vehicles or putting the lives ofpedestrians in danger.

Combining a control unit realizes the

intelligent functions, which make

vehicles more convenient and secure.

2. Literature Survey

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 5, May-2018 ISSN 2229-5518

320

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Jeremy J. Gill and Michael Slumba[1] et al. An electric brakeassembly for tensioning a brakecable and observed that The electricbrake assembly wherein the cableattachment is located between thelead screw bore and guide shaf boresuch that the brake cable is entrelylocated between a central axis of thelead screw bore and central axis ofthe guide shaf bore.Chien-Tai.HuangChien-Tzu Chen [2] et al. haveconducted Cable-pulling force.Parkingbrake force can be maintained whenthepower source of electric motor isoff.Working tme of the actuator.Theforce for two sides of parking brake isnear and observed that a newconcept design of the EPB system thathas simple and low-costcharacteristcs. The testng resultsprove the feasibility. Sandeep ThoratAgampal Singh [3] et al. haveconducted disc brake driven by motorand non-Kevlar asbestos brakecalipers of a car to reduce the cost ofprototype. Solenoid valve is used tobypass the braking circuit to actuatethe brakes and observed that We canreduced the Driving Interference ofBraking and Give the Responsibility ToIntelligence Sensor which will Takedecision and initate the Response Togive Warning alarm First and ifDistance of impact is Closing it willApply brake Automatcally and Stopthe Vehicle in advanced. Amit B.MaskeS.B TuljapureP.K Satav [4] et al.have conducted a combinaton ofelectrical and gearing system is usedmaking increasing fexibility andresponse tme of the system. Stressanalysis using FEA method in ANSYS.Design of gearing system solid edgeand observed that in new designedparking brake system the hand lever istotally

eliminatedBraking acton will beactvated and deactvated only by justpressing ON-OFF switch.Worm nworm gear acts as a lockingmechanism for applying brakes.Olivier Chapuis, Lionel Farres [5] et al.have conducted The park brakeactuator is electronically controlled,the amount of effort provided by thepark brake actuator to the park brakedevice is controlled through at leastone park brake ECU (ElectronicControl Unit). The system maycomprise an air compressor which canbe operated by the engine of thevehicle or by an electric machine andobserved that The inventon has beendescribed in the context of pneumatcpark brake system, but it isunderstood that it could be applied toany park brake system where anactuator generatng the park brakeeffort can be electronically controlled,such as a park brake system with ahydraulic or electromagnetc actuatorwhich can be controlled electronically.Jong-Gu Son [6] et al. has conductedthe rotatonal force is transferred tothe decelerator using the gearassembly by an operaton of themotor. Thus, the second planetarygears meshed with the fxed internalgears revolve when the frst solar gearis rotated, and the revoluton of thesecond planetary gears is transferredto the second decelerator partthrough the frst carrier and observedthat An interval between teethformed on an inside and an outside ofa belt gear that is engaged with asolar gear and a ring gear is selectvelyincreased/decreased so that arequired deceleraton rato can beeasily provided. JohannesHuennekens Sammuel Ellis GregoryFoletta [7] et al. have conducted


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interface confgured to enable a userto select one of multple parkingbrake modes, a second interfaceconfgured to provide a variableparking brake applicaton request andobserved that The system whereinthe controller is further programmedto, in response to an igniton statusbeing key-off, actuate the parkingbrake to provide 100% of availablebraking force.The second interface isa pair of buttons indicatng increasingand decreasing parking brakeapplicaton requests and thecontroller is further programmed toindicate the amount of braking forcevia a visual displays-Hwan NO[8] et al.Manual manipulaton button providedat the front of the main body. Manualmanipulaton button is turned on andcontrol the EPB actuator to stopexecuton of the parking applicatonmode when the manual manipulatonbutton is turned off and observed thatEven when a controller to control theEPB actuator has broken down, anEPB system may be operated in aparking applicaton mode, a parkingrelease mode, or a manualmanipulaton mode in which the EPBsystem is operated only while a userpushes a switch. Jae Woo Jeon [9] etal. has conducted EPB (ElectronicParking Brake) ECU which controls theEPB drives an EPB motor and a targetclamping force by the EPB isgenerated, and therefore a vehicle ismaintained to be stopped andobserved that when the transfer ofthe braking power is generated, aload sensor which has been used tocompensate the decrease of thebraking power of the parking brakeand a circuitry for the load sensor arenot needed, and the costs can besaved. Jay Stone Guy Charles AndrewTimothy [10] et al. have conductedFloatng caliper design which has a

single piston on one side of the discthat presses against the disc when thedriver presses the brake pedal andobserved that Less expansion underpressure and so provide a moreresponsive and consistent brake feel,with a shorter pedal travel and betterfeedback. Choong Sik Shin [11] et al.has conducted a power generatngunit a braking force transmission unita braking force supplementng unit abrake body part which is connectedwith the braking force transmissionunit and parks a vehicle by using thebraking force and observed that abraking force transmission unit whichis coupled to the power generatngunit in a threaded connectonmanner, rectlinearly moves by thepower, and transmits braking forcegenerated by the rectlinearmovement. In Yeong CHOE Dong-ilChang [12] et al. have conducted TheEPB system includes the ECU whichperforms overall control related tothe applying of an electronic parkingbrake. An input side of the ECU iselectrically connected with a parkingswitch turned on or off by a driver tooperate the parking of a vehicle and acurrent detector which detects acurrent fowing through the motorofthe EPB actuator and observed thatthe parking brake is automatcallyapplied or released depending on thecontrol determinaton of an electroniccontrol unit which simply operates aswitch or performs overall control.Tae-Sung Kim Hong-Seok Choi [13] etal. have conducted a gear boxassembly which transmits poweroutput from the motor to the fnalgear and observed that Powertransmission is simple and a sensorfor detectng a braking force can bemounted by a simple structure.Zhaoyong Liu [14] et al. haveconducted Electronic parking brake


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system and assistant startng methodthereof for a motor vehicle andobserved that the electronic parkingbrake system receives all sensorsignals and detecton signals of themotor vehicle. When the conditonsare satsfed, the brake will bereleased to assist a driver in startng.Tae Sung Kim [15] et al. haveconducted a switch device for anelectronic parking brake of a vehiclecomprised of a housing an operatnglever a switch circuit and a magnetcsensor unit confgured to output asurplus driving signal in order tooperate and release the electronicparking brake in response to therotaton of the operatng lever andobserved that The switch circuit andthe magnetc sensor unit can beconfgured to work with each other byanother power source. Ho-Jin Choi[16] et al. has conducted a wheelspeed sensor, a vertcal acceleratonsensor, an electronic control unit(ECU) a parking brake. Brake isapplied by control signal from theECU(Electronic control unit) andobserved that EPB system detects therolling and automatcally re-clampsthe parking brake when the vehiclerolls on the inclined road. Gyung HunSIM [17] et al. has conductedelectronic parking brake system whichvariably controls the duty of voltageapplied to a motor upon release ofthe electronic parking brake systemand observed that The EPB systemprovides a variety of functons suchas, automatc coupling of the parkingbrake upon emergency braking andengine stop, and ant-slip on anincline. Sang Jun Kim [18] et al. hasconducted Electronic parking brakeare provided to prevent collision witha preceding vehicle by generatngadditonal target clamping forcethrough inter-operaton with an

advanced emergency brake system(AEBS) and observed that As a dualbrake system is implemented,breaking force is stronger hence moreeffectve in high incline conditonscompared to conventonal handbrakesystems. Ha Min JUNG [19] et al. hasconducted Instead of a drum brake, adisc brake has been used for a rearwheel of a vehicle. Thus as a parkingbrake is provided separately from thedisk brake, a DIH (Drum In Hat)parking brake is used and observedthat The EPB(Electronic Parking Brake)accurately determine s when torelease the brake, without using apositon sensor. Jae Park [20] et al.has conducted Electronic control unit(ECU) creates the pattern of the drivesignal according to the states of thefour switches and monitors thecreated pattern to determine whetherthe parking brake switch is in theapplied state, the released state orthe neutral state and observed that IFthe Electronic parking brake systemmalfunctons, the manipulaton stateof the parking brake switch isdetermined and malfuncton isindicated by fickering a lamp onlywhen the parking brake switch is in anapplied state. Convenience andstability may be provided for a driver,and the electronic parking brakesystem may satsfy the regulatons.Bin Wang [21] et al. has conductedIntegraton of a sliding mode control(SMC) method with EPB system. UsingIEPB system (Integrated ElectricParking Brake) and observed thatThrough the SMC method, both theprecision and robustness of IEPBsystem are improved apparently.Chavan Akshay Shivaji [22] et al. hasconducted Braking force is applied bythe electrical motor with the internalworm and worm gear arrangement tohold the lever at specifed positon.


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The motor can be easily started andstopped by breaking circuit andobserved that the automatc parkingbrake system can be easilyimplemented in all 4 wheeler withoutany appreciable changes in theexistng system of manually operatedbrakes. Wook Jin Choi [23] et al. hasconducted Connecton with a manualoperaton mode and hydraulicelectronic control unit (HECU), anengine electronic control unit (ECU),and a tracton control unit (TCU)through switch operaton andobserved that The electronic parkingbrake system senses the tension ofthe parking cable using theinexpensive current sensor, therebyreducing manufacturing costs of theelectronic parking brake system. LarryGoodman [24] et al. has conductedIntelligent controller receives signalsfrom the control switch and from oneor more electrical device in thevehicle and observed that The modelrelates to vehicle parking brakes andin partcular to an electronicallyactuated parking brake forhandicapped drivers and customapplicatons. Stefan Goss [25]et al. hasconducted a travel-optmized methodis used to achieve the released stateof the parking brake system andobserved that Manual handbrakelevers can lock up the rear wheelsquite easily if you're attemptng anemergency stop on anything but drypavement. EPB mechanisms workwith the ant-lock braking system, asthe electronics are integrated—and itcan even be confgured to brake withall four wheels under emergencysituatons.

3. Conclusions:

The development of an electro-magnetic actuation circuit is

selected in order to increase theresponse time and wear of thesystem.

Also, a common ECU will be usedwhich will control all thecomponents of the EPB Circuitalong with other vehicle functions.

4. Future Scope:

Technology in today’s day isslowly progressing fromconventional mechanical systemsto electronics. There is a vast advancement inelectronics in the automobilesector. Hence the scope of thisconcept is very bright as it willhave wide applications.

5. References:

[1] Patent No. 20036533082 B2

Jeremy J. Gill & Michael Slumba,Electric parking brake including amotor and a transmission couplinga threaded lead screw to the outputshaft of the motor. Mar 18

[2] 2008 SAE InternationalAutomotive Research & TestingCenter (ARTC)

Chien-Tai. Huang & Chien-TzuChen Design and testing of a newelectric parking brake actuator;Cable-pulling force. Parking brakeforce can be maintained when thepower source of electric motor isoff. Working time of the actuator.The force for two sides of parkingbrake is near.

[3] IJIRSET Special Issue-4 (Mar2016)


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Sandeep Thorat, Agampal Singh,Design and Implementation ofAutomatic Emergency BrakingSystem, to develop an ultrasonicsensor to detect the obstacle and toprocess the output from theultrasonic sensor. 02 March 2016,Special Issue-4 (March 2016)

[4] IJIRSET Issue 7, Jul 2016

Amit B. Maske, S.B Tuljapure &P.K Satav, Design & Analysis ofParking Brake System of Car;Parking brake, Automatic parkingbrake system, Finite elementanalysis (FEA)

[5] Patent No. EP 2483117 2016

Olivier Chapuis & Lionel Farres, etal” Method for deactivating anelectronic park brake system;relates to the field of methods forcontrolling an electronicallycontrolled vehicle park brakesystem.

[6] Patent No. US 20150362032 A117Dec 2015

Jong-Gu Son, et al” belt gear foran electronic parking brake for avehicle; use of a planetary gearsystem.

[7] Patent No. US 9242624

Johannes Huennekens and SamuelEllis, et al” Electronic parkingbrake system; An interfaceconfigured to enable a user toselect one of multiple parkingbrake modes” US Jan 2016

[8] Patent No. US 9463784 B211 Oct2016.

Su-Hwan NO, et al” Electronicparking brake system Manualmanipulation button is turned on

and control the EPB actuator tostop execution of the parkingapplication mode when the manualmanipulation button is turned off.

[9] Patent No. US 20160090069

Jae Woo Jeon, Control method andapparatus of electronic parkingbrake; which controls the EPBdrives an EPB motor and a targetclamping force by the EPB isgenerated, and therefore a vehicleis maintained to be stopped.

[10] Patent No. EP 2718583 A116

Jay Stone, Guy Charles HEALEYand Andrew Timothy, electronicparking brake for a vehiclecomprising a caliper body thatsupports at least one inboard pistonand at least one opposing outboardpiston.

[11] Patent No. US 9631687 B2 25

Choong Sik Shin, Electronicparking brake apparatus; a powergenerating unit which generatespower based on an external signal;a braking force transmission unitwhich is coupled to the powergenerating unit.

[12] Patent No. US 9347507 B224

Jin Yeong CHOE The EPB systemincludes the ECU which performsoverall control related to theapplying of an electronic parkingbrake.

[13] Patent No. US 0170108065 A1

Tae-Sung Kim, Driving unit forelectronic parking brake; A gearbox assembly which transmitspower output from the motor to thefinal gear.

[14] Patent No. EP 2617618 A124


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Zhaoyong Liu, Electronic parkingbrake system, assistant startingmethod thereof for motor vehicle;Electronic parking brake systemand assistant starting methodthereof for a motor vehicle.

[15] Patent No. WO 2017131382 A13

Tae Sung Kim, Switch device forelectronic parking brake; A switchdevice for an electronic parkingbrake of a vehicle .

[16] Patent No. US 20160304069 A120

Ho-Jin Choi, Electronic parkingbrake system in vehicle and controlmethod thereof; Brake applied bycontrol signal from theECU(Electronic control unit)

[17] Patent No. US 9035591 B219

Gyung Hun SIM, Control methodof electronic parking brake system;Electronic parking brake systemwhich variably controls the duty ofvoltage applied to a motor uponrelease of the electronic parkingbrake system.

[18] Patent No. US 20170113667

Sang Jun Kim, et al” Apparatusand method of controllingelectronic parking brake; advancedemergency brake system (AEBS)

[19] Patent No. US 9453544 B227

Ha Min JUNG, et al” Electronicparking brake for vehicle andcontrol method thereof; DIH(Drum In Hat) parking brake isused.

[20] Patent No. US 20130314222 A128

Jae Hyun Park, Electronic parkingbrake system and method of

indicating malfunction of parkingbrake switch.

[21] SAE Journal Article ID 216982

BinWang, Slide Mode Control forIntegrated Electric Parking BrakeSystem.

[22] IJESC; Volume 7 Issue No.4 2017

Chavan Akshay Shivaji, ReviewPaper on Ignition Switch OperatedParking Brake System.

[23] Patent No. US 20110024243 A13

Wook Jin Choi, et al” Electronicparking brake system and controlmethod thereof; hydraulicelectronic control unit (HECU)

[24] Patent No. US 8739944 B1

Larry Goodman, et al Electronicparking brake actuator, anintelligent controller used.

[25] Patent No. US 8763767B2CN1980826A

Stefan Goss, et al. Electronicparking brake and method forcontrolling an electronic parkingbrake, a travel-optimized method isused to achieve the released state ofthe parking brake system.


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design and development of automatic electric parking brake

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