describe in detail the process that is illustrated above. include details from each step, using...
TRANSCRIPT
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Describe in detail the process that is illustrated above. Include details from each step , using correct science terms.
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Homeostasis and Cellular Transport
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To stay alive, a cell must exchange materials such as food and waste with its environment.
These materials must cross the cell membrane.
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Passive Transport Does not require the cell to use
energy
Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated diffusion
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SimpleDiffusion is the movement of molecules from an area
of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. (down its concentration gradient)
concentration gradient - the difference in the concentration of molecules across a space
• http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/diffusion.html
Driven by kinetic energy energy of motion
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Diffusion
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Diffusion causes the concentration of molecules to be the same throughout space
When molecules are dispersed evenly, there is
no longer any diffusion because there is no longer a concentration gradient.
a state of equilibrium exists (balance) http://www.brainpop.com/search/?keyword=diffusion
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Rate of Diffusion
molecules diffuse faster at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures
smaller molecules diffuse faster than larger molecules
Type of molecule
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Water and Diffusion
The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane is called osmosis.
Osmosis occurs in response to the concentration of solutes dissolved in water.
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Diffusion of Water
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The net direction of osmosis depends on the
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Hypertonic Solution In a hypertonic solution, the
concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is higher than inside the cell.
What direction will the water diffuse?
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Water diffuses out of the cell until equilibrium is reached.
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What do you think will happen if the cell loses too much water?
The cell will shrink and shrivel. plasmolysis
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Hypotonic Solution In a hypotonic solution, the
concentration of solutes outside the cell is lower than the concentration of solutes inside the cell.
What direction will the water diffuse?
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Water diffuses into the cell until equilibrium is reached.
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How does this affect the cell?
The cell will swell and possibly burst. Cytolysis
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Isotonic Solution In an isotonic solution, the
concentration of solutes outside and inside the cell are equal.
How will the water diffuse across the cellular membrane?
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Water will diffuse in and out of the cell at equal rates.
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Red Blood Cell in different Solutionshttp://www.coolschool.ca/lor/BI12/unit4/U04L06/rbc.html
http://www2.nl.edu/jste/osmosis.htm#Osmosis
http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/Osmosis.htm
http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp05/0502001.html
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Facilitated Diffusion To facilitate means to help.
Channel proteins and carrier proteins
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Carrier proteins change shape when molecules attach. The change in shape of the carrier protein allows the molecule to cross the membrane.
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Active Transport
Movement of molecules across the membrane from an area of low concentration to areas of high concentration.
This requires the cell to expend energy(ATP).
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Cell Membrane Pumps
SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMPS IN ANIMAL CELLS PUMP SODIUM IONS OUT, AND POTASSIUM IN, UP THEIR CONCENTRATION GRADIENT.
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IMPORTANT FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS, and THE TRANSMISSION OF NERVE IMPULSES
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Endocytosis and Exocytosis Molecules that are too large to
cross the cell membrane are packaged in membrane-bound sacs (vesicles) and moved across the membrane
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Endocytosis
Endocytosis
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TWO TYPES ON ENDOCYTOSIS
PINOCYTOSIS – uptake of liquids “cell drinking”
PHAGOCYTOSIS - uptake of solids “cell eating”
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Exocytosis
Exocytosis
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.
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Think: Apply what you have learned!
In plants, cells that transport water against the concentration gradient are found to contain many more mitochondria than do some other plant cells. Give a possible explanation for this?