Desalination

Prepared By: Fritz A.

Lejarso

Facts

•Less than 3% of the world’s water is fresh – the rest is seawater and undrinkable.•Of this 3% over 2.5% is frozen, locked up in Antarctica, the Arctic and glaciers, and not available to man.•Thus humanity must rely on this 0.5% for all of man’s and ecosystem’s fresh water needs.

Facts•water is not distributed evenly over the globe. Fewer than 10 countries possess 60% of the world’s available fresh water supply: Brazil, Russia, China, Canada, Indonesia, U.S., India, Columbia and the Democratic Republic of Congo. However, local variations within countries can be highly significant.•According to WHO, almost 1 Billion people (~15% of world population) mainly in developing countries have no access to clean potable water.

•3,900 children die each day due to dirty water or poor hygiene.

Fact

Water treatment and Water Purification

Water Treatment• It is the industrial-scale processes that makes water more acceptable for an end use, which may be drinking, industry, or medicine.

Potable Water Purification•Water purification is the removal of contaminants from untreated water to produce drinking water.

Desalination•Desalination is the process of removing dissolved minerals from brackish or seawater to produce freshwater

Desalination Basic Considerations

•Demand for fresh water (domestic use, industry, agriculture…..)•Lack of conventional water sources•Availability of salt water•Availability of Infrastructure (energy, water distribution network)• Interest for financing (invest, maintenance, energy,…)

•Standard seawater has a salinity of 35.000ppm TDS (Totally Dissolved Solids)•Brackish water has a salinity of 1000 –10.000ppm TDS•Fresh water for human consumption should not exceed 500 ppm TDS. A maximum of 1000ppm TDS is recommended by WHO.

Desalination Basic Considerations

Advantages and Disadvantages of Desalination

Reverse Osmosis (RO) • is a water purification technology that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove larger particles from drinking water.

Thermal Desalination •The thermal desalination process uses energy to evaporate water and subsequently condense it again.

Two Types of Desalination Processes

Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Thermal Desalination

Thank You!!