)tCM tAÙ

A NEW

GAELIC PRIMER:CONTAINING

ELEMENTS OF PRONUNCIATION; AN ABRIDGED GRAMMAR;

FORMATION OF WORDS ; A LIST OF GAELIC AND WELSH

VOCABLES OF LIKE SIGNIFICATION :

A COPIOUS VOCABULARY,WITH

A FIGURKD ORTHOEPY; AND A CHOICE SELECTION OF

COLLOQUIAL PHRASES ON VARIOUS SUBJECTS,

HAVING THE PRONUNCIATION MARKED THROUGHOUT.

By JAMES MUNRO, H.M.E.I.; LC; & O.S.G. &c.

SECOND EDITION.

IMPROVED AND ENLARGED.

EDINBURGH:MACLACHLAN & STEWART.

LONDON: SIMPKIN, MAKSHALL, & CO.

PRISTED BY STEVENSON AKl> COMPANY, 32 THISTLE STREET,

yv

PREFACE.

The Publishers, and many others, havhig urged me to

superintend a New Edition of this little Manual, I have

complied with their request as quickly as my other

avocations would permit me.

I have increased, and tried to make the matter of the

book as simple and clear as I could ; and I hope that

those who may feel disposed to study Gaelic will, on

a fair trial, find this Primer of considerable advantage.

J. M.

January 1854.

GAELIC PRIMER.

The Alphabet consists of eighteen letters :

—

Vowels, a, e, i, o, u;

Consonants, b, c, d, f, g, h, 1, m, n, p, r, s, t.

a, 0, u, are called broad vowels,

e, i, are called small vowels.

bh, ch, dh, fh, gh, mh, sh, th, are called aspirates.

c, d, g, 1, n, r, s, t, are termed linguals; b, bh, f, m,

p, labials ; m, n, mh, nasals.

The various powers of each and all of these letters

and combinations are fully explained and exemplified

in the Introduction to the Vocabulary.

PRONUNCIATION.MONOSYLLABLES.

1. a as a in hat, fat.

ab, shame can, sing

bab, a tuft fan, wait

pab, crumple cas, steep^ &c.ad, a hat las, kindle

fad, length car, a turn

lag, weak, &c. gar, warm (y.)

rag, stiff cat, a cat

gal, weeping as, out ofsal, dirt bas, a palm

a2

à as a in \di-, fcJr.

càl, kail hh,n, fair

màl, rent Ihn, full

ran, a roar am, time

làr, ground lad, a ?ooc?

bàs, <iea^A fad, « jseo^

ea like a in late, kate.*

fead, a whistle breab, a Xv'cfc

cead, Zeaz-e eas, a waterfall

beag, Z/^iZe eag, a notch

deas, soJi^A teas, heat

so also ei,

ceil, conceal

deil, a spindle

meil, ^rm(?

geir, taZZoii?

speir, a shank

beir, 6ea?'

i as in sin, ii, d/d.

bil, a lip min, ?5?eaZ

fir, w?en big, little ones

fios, nofo'ce

cion, want

so 10, in

lios, a gardenmion, minute (a.)

bid, a c7»*rp

ira, butter

like ie in ft'eld.

dig, a ditch

min, smooth

stiom a fillet

fion, «;me

so 10, in

piob, a p2Jpe

sion, weather

o like o in pot, sod.

Rob, Robert dod, dumps

As generally pronounced in the Lowlands.

10.

12.

dog, a junkcor, condition

del, going

cos, afoot

like in cord, stork.

peg, a kiss

CÒ1T, remainder

]-òp, fl rr)^?^

coir, a right

moid, greatness.

brd, a hammer,niòr, ?or^e

ton, a bottora

toil, ^w/e^, si/^Z

loir, /ieZp, aitZ

11. II as u in tiwe, crwde.

dun, a heap dùr, stuhlorn

tùr, se?ise tiim, 6?^/»

smiiid, smoke ciils, a matter

sùil, a/i ej/e briiid, a 6rz/?e

On bl,

bias, taste

crag, a rock

bran, a do^'s namesrad, a spar/;

creid, believe

gliog, aj%Zespiol, j9Zz/ct

arc, a cork

àrd, A/^/ì

fàisg, squeeze

puist, pos/s

calg, awn

1, ii, b, or, fr, &c.

gran, grain

gràp, a grape

gràs, ^race

trà, a ^//ne

cvios, a èeZf

clod, a clod

smid, a syllable

alt, a joint

faisg, nz^A

mort, murderbraisd, a brooch

plosg, a pant

13. s sounds ss, or s bard, in the same syllable with

a, 0, u.

bas, a palm sad, dust

tos, also sop, a straw

tiis, beginning suit, /ainess

14. s sounds sh (as in sJìq) in the same syllable with e

send, a^

seinn, sing

*seas, stand

siol, seed

siap, sneak

siar, tres?

ceis, a creel

cùis, a matter

crols, a cross

ere is, grease

clais, a furrowleisg, laziness.

15.

16.

On t, d,—c,

tà, /s, are

da, fiyo

tuit, fall

duit, to i/iee

car, a turn

gar, warm, (v.)

pab, rumplebab, a tw/i5

prat, a tricJc

brat, a covering

binn, melodious

plnn, pews.

Final c, in many words, is pronounced cliq.

mac, a son cearc, a hen

bac, hinder tore, a Soar

soc, a s;2ot<f muc, a sowboc, a buck leac, a j?o^

olc, iac? male, rut

pluic, a c7«eeZ: aire, an ark

&c. &c.

17. chd final sounds chq.

achd, manner iochd, pity^ ruth

ochd, eight

uchd, a breast

seachd, seven

&c.

bochd, poortaehd, suffoca'e

smaehd, control

Sea.

Sound sliye&s.

18. final g sounds q, as in que, Fr.

gliig, a noise sp<Jg> « P«"'spliug, a bubble, &c. eag, a notch

diog, a syllable aog, death.

final g preceded by /, sounds k.

smig, a chin leig, permit

snàig, creep naùig, gloom.

19. The broad and small vowels have a similar powerover c, d, g, 1, n, r, s,* t.

20. On bh, eh, dh, &c. called aspirate consonants,

bh sounds like v, in vote, give.

ch — — ch in loc^, or gh in cou^A.f

dh — — y in t/e, before or after e, i

;

and — — r in bur, as uttered in Northumber-land, before or after a, o, u.

fh is mute,

gh sounds like dh.

mh — — bh, only more nasal,

ph — — f in/oe, /ine.

sh — — h in Ae, /ead.

th — — h in hoQ, Aave.

Examples.bhà, was^ were

bhos, on this side

bhac, did hinder

bhris, did break

drbbh, a drove

chroch, did hang

chlisg, did start

sàbh, a saweubh, a cry

deilbh, warp, (v.)

balbh, dumbdeich, ten

faich, a plain.

* s has been already exeinplifìed, (14.)

f as pronounced in the Lowlands.

10

chrom, did bend

clilos, did rest

dhòirt, did spill

dhùisg, did awakedh'eisd, did listen

fliliiich, did ivet

fhrois, did shower

*dh'fhan, did wait

dh'fliàisg, did squeeze

ghlan, did clean

ghreas, did hurryghlais, did lock

mliiitb, did change

rnhort, did murderinhatli, did forgive

phòs, did marrypheasg, did chap

^hil, did drop

-sheid, did blow

sheirm, did ring

tha, 2S, are

thog, did lift

thig, will come

cluich, playtroich, a dwarf

bidh, offoodsuidh, sit {v.)

cràdh, pain

fhlùr, of/lowers

fhleasg, of garlands

dh'fhuin, did knead*m'fhalt, my hair

plaigli, a plaguedòigb, a modemeigb, a balance

nimh, poison

neamh, heaven

saimh, luxury

phi 11, did return

phlosg, did pant

shaill, did salt

sheas, did stand

shluig, did swallow

crath, shake

sruth, a stream

srath, a strath.

21. Peculiar Vowel-Sounds.

a sounds like e in her, or i in bà'd, in

a', am, an, the magh, afield (moy)

a, who, which blagh, sense

* Suppress fh in readin";, and substitute the dh' in its place

thus, dhSn, dhàisg, malt, &c.

11

agh, a heifer

12

dual, m. a plait guail, m. of coal

fuar, a. cold sguain, / rigmarole.

25. n, after c, g, m, is sometimes improperly sounded

like r : as,

cnac, /. a knock mnà, /, of a womancnò, /. a nut

'

mnaoi, to a tooman

gnos, m. a snout cnoc, m. a knoll.

26. Declension.

1. Cat, m. a cat.

Sing. Plur. So, saor, ?/?, a joiner

N. & Ac. cat cait maor, m. a messenger

G. cait chat craos^m. a wide mouthD. cat cataibh bard, ni. a poet

V. a chait a chata laoch, m. a hero.

2. Càrnn, m. a heap of stones.

N. & Ac. càrnn cùirnn So, dòrnn, m. a fist

G. cùirnn chàrnn ceòl, m. music

D. càrnn càrnnaibh scòl, m. a sail

V. a chùirnn a charnna dos, m. a tuft.

3. Dall, m. a blind person.

N. dall doill So, Gall, m. a Lowlander

G. doill dhall rann, m. a rhymeD. dall dallaibh crann, m. a mast.

V. a dhoill a dhalla

Preas, m. a bush^ &c.

N. preas pris So, ceann, m. a headG. pris phreas meann, m. a kid

D. preas preasaibh peann, in. a penV. a phris a phreasa raeall, m. a bump^ lump.

13

IMein-, m. a finger.

Sing. Plur.

N. meur meòir So, deur, m. a drop

G. meòir mheur eun, m. a bird.

D. meur meuraibh beul, m. a mouth

V. a mheòir a mlieura neul, m. a cloud.

14

Nouns with the Article.

am bus, m. the mouth.

Sing. Plur.

N. am bus na buis

G. a' bhuls nam bus

D..«:} bhus na busaibh.

a' chas, /. the foot.

N. a' chas na casan

G. na coise «an cas

D. f >- chois »ia casaibh.n i

an dulne, m. the man.

N. an dulne na daoine

G. an duine nan daoine

D. ^'^\ duine na daoinibh.

'nj

an saor, m. thejoiner.

N. an saor na saoir

G. fan t-saoir nan saor

D. ^ )-t-saor na saoraibh.an j

an t-sùil, /. the eye.

N. \ an t-sùil na sùilean

G. na sùla nan sùl

D.j-}..sùrsùil na sùilibh.

* 'n is contracted for an after a preporfition ending in a vowel ; as,

do 'n bhus, for do an bhus.

f t- is put to the gen. and dat to prevent ambiguity ; for, an saor

would signify the wright, or their wright, without the t-.

I an sùil would mean their eye ; t- is used to mark tlie necessary

distinction.

15

29. Adjectives

are declined like nouns of the same form : as,

maor daor, ??i. a dear messenger.

Sing. Plur.

N. maor daor maoir dhaora

G. maoir dhaoir mhaor daora

D. maor daor maoraibli daora

V. a mhaoir dhaoir a mhaora daora.

With the article

am maor daor.

N. am maor daor na maoir dhaora

G. a' mhaoir dhaoir nam maor daora

D. . > mhaor dhaor na maoraibh daora.

cearc bhreac, /. a speckled hen.

N. cearc bhreac cearcan breaca

G. circe brice chearcan breaca

D. circ bhric cearcaibh breaca

V. a chearc bhreac a chearca breaca.

ploc odhar, m. a dun clod.

N. ploc odhar pluic odhra

G. pluic idhir phloc odhra

D. ploc odhar plocaibh odhra

V. a phluic idhir ! a phloca odhra!

30. Comparison.

The comparative degree is like the gen. sing, femi-

nine : as, daoire, brice, idhre,—so, glaise, grayer ;

Ik'me, fuller ; mine, smoother; hMne, fairer ; ciùine,

milder, &c.

16

Examples of its use.

Is daoire each na caora. A horse is dearer than a

sheep.

'E)LìSi^nàQn2i\i' fhuairexivin Yesterday was colder than

diugh, to-day.

Bu taine na pàipeir e. It was thinner than paper.

31. Another form of comparative is formed from the

above, in id: as, àirdid, bàinid, deirgid;and another

from these, in ad, or ead : as,

Is glain/J e sud. It is the cleaner for yon.

Bu thruim/c? e 'n còrr. 'Twould be the heavier for

more.

Cha bhòi'chid e sid, ni. It is not any the prettier for

yon.

Tha na neòil a' dol an The clouds are becoming

truimeac?. heaviei-, (gloomier).

Tha gach ni 'dol 'an daoir- Everything is growing

Qud. dearer.

32. VERBS.Is mi, it is /, or / am, &c.

Indicative Mood.

Present Tense. Past Tense.

Sing. Sing.

1. *Is mi, if. is I 1. *Bu mhi, it was I

2. Is tu, it is thou 2. Bu tu, it teas thou

3. Is e, it is he 3. B'è, it was he

Plur. Plur.

1. Is sinn, it is we 1. Bu sinn, it was we2. Is sibh. it is you 2. Bu sibh, it was you

3. Is iad, it is they 3. B' iad, it was they.

Is sounds us, and bu sounds boo (short*).

{:

17

The Verb bì, be.

Imperative Mood.

hitheaiii let me be

Sins. -( 2. bi be thou

hiiheadh e let him be

i 1. hitheamaid let us be

Plur. < 2. hithibh be ye

( 3. hiiheadh iad. let them be.

Indicative.

Present.

(1. Ta mi I amSing.

-J2. Ta thu thou art

(3. Ta e he is

r 1. Ta sinn we are

Plur. •< 2. Ta sibh you are

(^3. Taiad. they are.

Past Texse.

Bha *mi, &c. / was, &c.

Future Tense.

Bithidh *mi, &c. I shall or will be, &c.

Putential Mood.

Past Tense.

Bhithmn I might or could be

Bhitheac?^ tu thou mightst or couldst be

Bhitheadh e he might or could be

Bhitheamaid we might or could be

BhitheacZ/i sibh you might or could beBhitheadh iad. they might or could be.

Infinitite.—a bhi, to be.

* Repeat the pronouns after bha and bithidh, as above, in the

present. These specimens exhibit the verb in its simplest aspect.

Questions are asked thus ; Am mi? Is it I ? An rohk? was I?Negations are made thus : cha mhi. It is not I ; cha robh, I was not.

See Grammar for a more extended view. Our limits are here con-fined.

b2

{i

18

Tùm, to dip.

Active Voice.

Present Imperative.

Tuinam let me dip

Sing. -"^ 2. Turn dip tliou

Tumadh e let him dip

^ 1. Tumamaid let us dip

Plur. -< 2. Tamaibh dip ye

( 3. Tumadh iad. let them dip.

Past Indicative.

*Thum mi I dipped

Thum thu thou dlppedst

Thum e he dipped

Thum sinn we dipped

Thum sibh you dipped

Thum iad. they dipped.

Future.

Tumaidh mi, &c.

Past Potential.

ri. Thumamn I might or could dip

Sing. < 2. Thnmadh tu thou ynightst or couldst dip

(3. Thumadh e he might or could dip

( 1 . Tlmmamaid we might or could dip

Plur. -< 2. Thumadh sibh you might or could dip

( 3. Thumadh iad. they might or could dip.

Infinitive.

-Thumadh, to dip.

* Pronounce hoom me, oo, ay, sheen, sheev, eatt.

19

Passive Voice.

Imperative.

Tumar *ini, tbu, e ; siim, sibh, iad.

Past Indicative.

Thumadh *mi, &c. / was dipped.

Future.

Tumar *mi, &c.

Past Potential.

Thumtadh *mi, &c. / shoidd he dipped.

Past Participle.

fTumta, dipped.

34. The particle "ag," placed before the infinitive, trans-

lates the English active participle in ing ; as ag eirigh,

rising, ag innseadh, telling, &c. Before a consonant agbecomes a' ; as, a' tumadh, dipping, a' càradh, mending.

35. Formation of Words.fliìr-ac^, flowery lon'ach, greedy

mos-ac/?, nasty sal'ach, dirty

nar-acA, shame/itZ gòbh'lac/i, iorked

gob'ocA, beakeii. rbva'ach, hairy.

g^a'adh, a vfsxxning seid'eadh, a blowm^las'adh, a kindK»^ till'cadh, a return

pòs'adh, a marriage. miich'adli, suffocaizon.

cearc'ar/, a little hen pis'eag, a kitten

siiil'eag, a little eye. cail'eag, a little girl.

cop'««, a small cup seirc'ean, a Utile darling

alld'an, a brookZei. buic'ean, a young buck.

* Repeat the pronouns after each change of tlie verhal form, as

on last page.

f Or, according to the general pronunciation, tUin-te.

20

buailt'ear, a thresher

òig'ear, a young man.

iviv'ail, sensible

dragh'ail, troublesome

pris'eil, precio?<s.

hh'id' ich, make a vowcuid'ich, give help, (aid)

goirt'ich, make sore, (hur

piiirt'ich, zmpart

port-a/r, a ferryman

pbit'ear, a drinker.

brùid'eil, brut2s^

cron'ail, hurt/«Z

tàir'eil, disgrace/uZ.

tiorm'a/cA, make dry

cois'ich, use the feet, (walk)

t) cron'aich, find fault with,

(rebuke)

mionn'aich, make oath,

&c. (swear)

36. Comparison of Gaelic

21

Gaelic.

22

Gaelic. Welsh.

23

Gaelic.

24

KEY

To the sounds represented by the marks used in the

pronouncing columns of the following pages.

Vowels.1

25

g. Italic g before 1 and n is silent. It is used to denote

a liquid sound of these letters.

g\ sounds like liquid gl in French, (ligne.)

gn sounds like liquid gn in French, [vigne.)

k sounds as in king, kiss.

11 ^ denote a broad liquid sound of these letters, like 1

nn V and n in Italian mu/to, nuovo, and r in English

rr J roar,

nh are silent : they denote that the vovrel preceding themhas a nasal sound,

ng denotes a sound like that of ng in the English wordshang, strong, sing, sung,

q sounds as in French que." The arch denotes a short vowel, and that the syllable

over or beneath which it is placed contains a diphthong

or triphthong.' The accent placed after a syllable shows that the stress

rests on the vowel or consonant preceding it.

y at the beginning of a syllable in the pronunciation co-

lumn, sounds as in ye, you.

VOCABULARY, &(

27

English.

Wind, /.

A storm,/.

The North wind,/— South — /.— East — /.— West — /.

Thunder, m. >

Lightning, VI.

Fog, m.

A cloud, VI.

Rain, m.

A shower, /.

Hail,/.

Snow, VI.

Frost, 171.

Ice, /.

Thaw, m.

A rainbow, m.

A colour, m.

White, m.

Black, m.

Blue, 711.

Green, m.

Grey, m.

Red, m.

Yellow, m.

Brown, in.

Purple, m.

Scarlet, /.

Lightblue, m.

Vermilion, vi.

Hoddengray, m.

Gaelic,

gaoth,

stoirm,

a' ghaoth tuadh,

deas,

'n ear,

'n iar,

torunn,

tàirneanach,

dealan,

ceo,

neul,

uisge,

fras,

clach mheallain,

sneachda,

reodhadh,

eigh ; deigh,

aiteamh.

Of Colours.

Mu Dhaithean.

bodha froise,

dath,

geal,

dubh,

gorm,

uaine,

glas,

dearg,

buidhe,

donn,

purpi;purpur,

sgàrlaid,

liath-ghorm,

corcur,

liath-ghlas,

Orthoepy,

guster'-m ; stor'im

u ghù tiia

u ghu dyess

u ghu ^nyèr (liq)

u ghu ^nìur (liq)

torr'unn

tàrr',9nyèn-uch(liq)

dyal'lan

kyo^nyèll (liq)

uish'kyu

frass

klach vTèH'èn

sh(7nìèch'qu (liq)

rèo'ugh ; roughei ; diei

alht'uv.

bou frosh'u

dahgial

duhgor'om

iiain'u

glass

dlar'aq

bii-i

dòiinn, donnpur'pi

;pur'pur

skài-'llaìt

llia'yorm

korq'ur

llia'ylass

28

Of Time.

Mu ùine.

Gaelic,

bliadhna,

mìos,

seachdain,

là ; latha,

iiair,

mineid,

a' mhaduinn,

meadhoin latlia,

feasgar,

jht(morning)a' chamhanaich,

(evening) ?H.an dù-thra.

English.

A year, /.

A month, m.

A week, /.

A day, m.

An hour, /.

A minute,/Tlie morning, /Noon, 771.

Evening, m.

T

an diugh,

am màireach,

Orthoepy,

bliu'nnu

mi's ; miasshèchq'èn

llà ; llah'u

iiuir; iiair

min't'it

u vat'ir/n

mi-en llah'u

fess'cur

u chav'an-ich

11 n du'hra; du'ra

un dliih; jiih

urn manh'ryuch

un ^nyer'ir (liq)

(liq)

To-day, m.

To-morrow, m.

The day after)

to-morrow, in.

)

Yesterday, m. an de, un dye ; or je

Three days hence, an eararais, un erarish

Days of the Week.Laithean na seachdaine.

Monday, m.

Tuesday, m.

Wednesday, :

Thursday, in.

Friday, in.

Saturday, m.

Sunday, m.

Spring, m.

Summer, m.

Autumn, m.

Winter, m.

diluain,

dimairt,

diciadain,

didaoirn,*

diiiaoine,

disathurna,

didbmhnaich,

Divisions of the YearKàithean na bliadhna.

di-liiain

di-marsht

di-kia'duTn

di-dùi'rn

di-hùin'u

di-sah'ur-nn

di-dònh'-uich

ant-earrach,

an samhradh,

am foghar,

am fogh'radh,

an geamhradh,

un tshyar'ruch

un salinh'rugh

urn fu-ur

um fu'rugh

ung gytu'rugh

11.Ì word IS sometimes corrupted into di?-daoiii.

29

English. (.iaelic.

A quarter of a year,iàlthe, m.

Half a year, /. leth bliliadhna

Three quarters K,! ràithean.Ofi year,

Orthoepy

rra-i

(/leh'vllu-nnu (llq)

tr rai'un.

Other Teums and IIolida-s

Ràithean agus feillean eih

*noIluig,

a' bhliadhn' iir

Christmas, /.

The new year, /.

Martinmas, /.

March, m.

May, m.

June, m.

The woi-m month, ??2.an t-iuchar,

Lammas, / an liùnasdail

Lent, m.

A holiday, m.

A fast day, m

nnoH'ik

u vliunn ur

c\^-u ^ . • <^ un eial mars'tuTr/nantheiUmartainn, K ,,. :r

-^

um mfi'rst

urn maghung kyè'tyèn

un tyiieh'ur

un^lyùn'us duil(llq)

ung car'a-us

llah'u fei^l-u (liq)

llah'u trashk.

am mart,

am magh,an cfitein.

an carmhus,

latha feilie,

latha traissr.

Of Mankind.

Mu'n Chinne daoine.

A man, m,

A woman, m.

Infancy, f.

A child, m.

A boy, VI.

A girl,/.

A little girl,/.

Age,/Youth, /.

A youth, m.

A lad, m.

A lass, /.

duine,

boireannach,

leanabachd,

leanabh,

giullan,

caileag,

niag,

aois,

bige,

bganach,

gille,

nionag,

diiin'u

boir'unn-uch

</lyèn'ub-uchq (liq)

^^lyèn'uv

gyiill'an

cail'ak

«7ni-ak

ù'sh

oik'u ; o'kyu

6'gan-uch

gi^/l'lTu

^Vnì'nak

(liq)

(liq)

(liq)

(liq)

nathalig, nal'uig, noruig.

c2

30

English. (jlaelic

An old fellow, m. bodacli.

An old bag,/.

A husband, m.

A wife,/.

A widow,/A baclielor, m.

A maid,/A father, m.

A mother,/A brother, m.

A sister, /

Ancestors, m.

Relations, m.

cailleacli,

fear ; ceile,

bean; ceile,

*banntrach,

fleasgach,

-{-maidionn,

athair,

niàthair,

bràthair,

piuthar,

Of Kindred.

Mu Luchd dàimh.

Orthoepy,

bot'tuch

kaif/l'iieh

fOr ; ke'lu

))en ; ke'lu

baliim'truch

fless'cuch

niui'dyunn

ah'èr

mành'er ; nie

brà'er

piii'ur

(liq)

sinnsreadh,

càirdean,

A grandfather, m. seana

A grandmother,/ seanmhair,

Agreatgrandfather,sinnseanair, mA groat grand

mother, /Children,

Offspring, m.

A son, m.

A daughter, /A grandson or \

'

'^ Ì

sinnseanmhair,

clann (f. sing.),

sliochcl,

mac ; machd,nighean ; nion,

odha, m.

shinb'shcugh

car'dyuii

shyèii'èr

shyùn'a-ver

shình'shyùn-èr

shình'shyèn-a-vèr

kllaiinn

sllyuchq

mak ; machq^ni-au

granddaughter,

Indirect Kindred.

Luchd cleamhnuis.

A father-in-law,???. athair ceile, ah'er ke'lu

A mother-in-law,/.mathair cheile, manh'cr che'lu

A son-in-law, m. cliamhuinn, kliu'i^/n (liq)

Adaughter-in-law,banachl iambuinn, /".ban'a chliu'i^n (1 k i

)

* Bantiach and baintrcach. + Mcdonna.

31

English. Gaelic. Orthoepy.

A brother-in-law,

32

English.

The lips,

The teeth,

The tongue, /.

The ears,

The neck,/.

The shoulder, /.

The arm, m.

The elbow, f.

The hand, /.

The fingers.

The thumb, /.

Gaelic,

na bilean

na fiaclan,

an teanga,

na cluasan,

an amhach,a' ghualainn,

an gàirdein,

an iiileann,

an làmh,

na meòir,

an òrdag,

The first finger,/, a' chorag,

The little finger, /an lildag.

The fist,

A joint, m.

A nail, /.

The knuckles,

A palm, /.

The breast, m.

The chest, m.

The belly,/

The thighs.

The knee, m.

The kneepan, m.

The calf, m.

The foot, m.

The heel, /The skull, m.

The brain, m.

The heart, m.

The lungs, m.

The liver, ??i,

The kidneys.

The stomach, m.

Blood, /Flesh,/

an dor

alt,

ionga,

na riidain,

bas,

an t-uchd,

an cliabh,

a' bhrù,

na sleisnean,

an gli^n,

failmeln,

an calpa,

an troidh,

an t-sàil,

an claigeann,

an t-eanachuinn,

an cridhe,

an sgamhan,an griidhan,

na h-àirnean,

an goile,

fuii,

feòil.

Orthoepy,

nu bil'un

nu fluch'cllun

un tyeng'gu.

nu klliias'un

un aiich

u ghimll'ifyn (liq.)

ung gàr'dyèn

un iiirunn

un llanhv

nu niyòìr

un o'r-daq

u chor'aq

un llu'daq

un dornn

allt

iunggunu ru'denbass

un tuchq

ung kliuv

u vru

nu sh^le'sh-nyun

ung gllun

fèrèm-èn

ung call'a-puh

un trìjih

un tall

ung kllaik'unn

untyèn'uch-i,vn(liq

ung cri-u

un sganhv'an

ung gru'an

nu har'/ynyun (liq.)

ung guil'lyu

full

fìoìl

33

English.

34

English.

35

English.

36

English.

Goodness, vi.

Patience, /.

Prudence, /.

Industry, m.Honour, /.

Economy, /.

AVisdom, m.

Courage, /.

Innocence, m,.

Generosity, /.

Boldness, /.

Emulation, /.

Pity, m.

Penitence, m.

Hardihood, m.

Gratitude, /.

Gaelic.

37

English.

Perfidy, /.

A lie, /.

Drunkenness,/Haughtiness, m.

Prodigality, m.

A grudge, m.

Nourisliment.

A meal'.}

VFood, m.

Bread, m.

Oatmeal cake,

Barley bread.

Wheat bread,

Rye bread,

A bit, m.

A slice, /.

Fish, m.

Flesh,/.

Boiled meat, /.

Roast meat, /.

Venison, /.

An egg, m.

Cheese, m.

Beef,/.

Mutton, /.

Lamb, /.

Veal,/Pork, /Goat's flesh,

Tripe,/

Gaelic,

foill,

breug,

misg,

àrdan,

anacaitheamh,

diiim.

Food and Drink.

Biadh 'us Deoch.

beatha, or teachd

antir,

Ion bidh, ^ (

longadh, ^^\

biadh,

aran,

aran coirce,

eòrna,

cruineachd,

seacail,

crioman,

snaois,

iasg,

feòil,

feòil bhruich,

feòil ròiste,

sitheann,

ubh,

càise,

mairt-fheoil,

muilt-fheoil,

uain-fheoil,

laoigh-fheoil,

muic-fheoil,

gaidhr'-fheoil,

maodal,

D

Orthoepy,

fui^fl (liq)

breqmishkar'tan

an'a-kaih'uv

dium

•bèh'u

tyèchq-un-tshìr'

Uò'n bì'gh

llòng'gu

bìiìgh

ar'an

ar'an koir'kyu

ìò'r-nnu

cruin'nyuclifj

shyòq'cui(/l (liq)

krim'an

snnù'sh

iusq

fyòi'l

fyòll vriiicli

fyò'il rrò'sh-tyu

shih'unn

ughkà'shu

marsht'èl

miìTr/lt'èl (liq)

uaìn'èl

llùìgh'èl

miiichk'èl

gùir'èl

mùnh'dll

S8

English.

39

English.

A cap, m.

A hat, /.

A coat, m.

A vest, /.

Trousers, /.

Drawers, /,

Hose,

Shoes,

A plaid, m.

A kilt, m.

A belted plaid,

A belt, m.

A pin, m.

A shirt, /.

Sleeves,

Buttons,

A handkerchief,

A watch,/.

Boots,

Spurs,

Gaelic.

40

English.

TI18 wall, m.

liuildings, /A building,/.

A beam,/.

The passage, m.

A post, in.

A .side-beam, m.

Side standards,

The roof, /.

The roof-tree,

The thatch, m.

A door, m.

A couple-bend, m.

A window,/A vent, m.

A hearth, m.

The floor, m.

A partition, /A room, m.

A stair, /A ladder, m.

Of a House.

Mu thigh.

Gaelic,

am balla,

treothair,

aitreamh,

sail,

catha,

gobhal,

taobhan,

aitnean,

an druim,

am maide-droma,

an tuthadh,

dorus,

criib,

uinnoag,

luidheir,

teintein,

an t-~ rlar,

clàiridh,

seòmai%

staidhir,

fàradb,

Orthoepy,

um bairilu

tryo'ir

ailit'riv

sail

qa'uh

gòull

tù'v-an

aiht'nyu^n (liq)

un druimum maitsh'udrom-u

un tuh'ugh

dor'us

qriip

ul^n'aq (liq)

lluì'èr

te^n'tyèn (liq)

un tur'-llar

clla'ri

shy6'm-ur

stai'ir

far-rugh.

A table, mA chair,/.

A stool, mA chest, /.

A pot, /A pan, /.

A tub, /.

House-furniture.

Earnais tighe.

bòrd,

cathair,

furm,

ciste,

poit,

aghainn,

cUdaini tub:

bo'rt

kah'èr

fiir'um

kish'tyu

poiht

u'i^n (liq)

A beakerorbicker,meadar, m.

cri'ti.(7n; tUp'u (liq)

mèt'tur

41

English. Gaelic.

A cogue or cog,/.cuach ; cuman, m.

A ladl.

A spoon,/.

A knife,/.

A fork, m.

A plate, m.

A cup, m.

A bed, /.

A bed- cover, mA blanket,/.

Sheets,

Curtains,

ladar ; liadh,

Spain,

sgian,_

gramaiche,

truinnseir,

corn ; cuach, /.

leaba,

brat,

plaide,

plaithean lin,

-gàilean.

A pair ofbellows, ?/;.balg seididh,

of tongs, 1ÌI. clodha,

ofsnuft'erSjW.smàladair,

An oven,/. àmhuinn,

A pail, / cuinneag,

A lamp, m. cruisgein,

A candle, /. coinneal,

A candlestick, m. coinnleir,

A looking-glass,m.sgàthan,

A skin bottle, / searrag,

A glass, /. glaine.

Orthoepy.

CÙ uch ;ciim an

llat'tur ; lliur/h

spa in, or spe'n

skian

gram'ich'u

trumhshercornn ; clmch(7lyèp'a (liq)

braht

pUait'tshu

pllaih'un^lin (liq)

skail'un

ball'aq she'tshi

cllo'uh

smanhll'ut-èr

ànhuK/ncuìr/n'aq

cnlsh'kyèn

cuìgn'nyull

cuì'^lyèr

skà'an

shyar'aq

(lìq)

(Hq)

(liq)

(liq)

A town, ?n.

A city, /A church, /.

An inn,?«.

A tavern, m.

A shop, m.

A house, m.

A street, /.

A passage, m.

Of a Town.

^,[u Bhaile.

baile,

caithir,

eaglais,

tigh-òsda,

tigh-tàirne,

bùth,

tigh,

sràid ; stràid,

rathad,

i>2

bail'u

cali'ir

eq'Uuish

tui ò's-tu

tui tkn'tjnyu

buhtuih, taih

sràit ; stràit

rrah ut

Giq)

42

English. Gaelic. Orthoepy.

A bridge, /. drochaid, droch'it

A school-house, m.tigh-sgoile, tuih scoil'ii

A school, /. sgoil, scoil

A college,/, àrd-sgoil, àrt-scoìl

An infirmary, m. tigh-eiridin, tiuh eìr'itin

A court house, m. tigh-mòid, tuih moit

A market-house,w.tigh-margaidh, tuih mar'ak-i

A bake-house, m. tigh-fuinidh, tuTh fiitr/n'i (liq)

Aslaugliter-house,tigh-slachdraidh,mtuih sllachq'ri

A niarket, in. margadh, mar'ak-ugh

Thecorn-market,??zraargadh a' ghràin,mar'ak-ugh-u.ghraìn

The flesh — w. — na feòla.

The tish — ?/?.. — an eisg,

The poultry

—

m. — nan eun,

A brew-house, m. tigh-togalach,

Afoundery, /. fiirnais,

A tanyard, /. lann-chairtidh,

A stable, m. stàbul,

A cart, /. cairt,

A wheel, m. rotha.

— nu fyo'll-u

— un e'shk

— nun e'u

tuih tok'all-uch

fu'r-nesh

llàiinn-charst'i

stàh'puU

karsht

roh'u.

Op a Church.

Mu Eaglais.

The altar,/. an altair, un alltlr

The pulpit, /. a' chrannag, u chrann'ak

A bell, m. clag, kllaq

The churchyard, ?n.an cladli, ung kllugh

A grave, /. uaigh, iiaigh

AcofEn, /. ciste nihairbh, kish'tyu ver'i

Ceremonies of the Church.

Deasghnathan na h-eaglais.

A burial, m. tiodhlacadh, tyuH'u-cughA sermon, /. searmoin, shyèr'um-èn

43

Englisli.

44

English.

45

English,

46

Englisli. Gaelic.

Lime, m. aol,

Giay, /. crc ; criadh,

Wreck,sea-weed,/fearauinn,

Cast-ware, in. rod,

A dung-hill, m. dun,

A garden, m. lios,

A rake, m.

A dibble,/.

Reaping,/.

A sickle, m.

A scythe,

A sheaf,/.

A shock,/.

A hay-cock, m.

A stack, /.

Grain, m.

A barn, ni.

Stubble, /Chaff, m.

Crop, m.

Straw, VI.

Astraworhayrope,siaman, mA flail, m. buailtean,

ràsdal ; ràchdan,

pleadhag,

buain,

corran,

speal; / fal, m.

sguab,

adag,

turadan,

cruach,

siol,

sabliul,

fasbhuain,

moll,

bàrr,

fodar,

An apple, mA pear, m.A cherry, /Geans, m.

Plums, m.

A strawberry, m. suth-làir.

Gooseberries, /. gròiseidean,

Berries(in general )dearcan, /.

A whortleberry, /braoileag,

Raspberries, /. suitheagan,

Fruits.

Measan.

ubhal,

peur,

siris,

gingis,_

pliimbais,

Orthoepy,

ull

ere ; cria

fèm'i^n

rrò'tt

du'n

^^liss

rfi's-tull; x'i

pleh'ak

biiain

corr'rran

spyèl ; tal

sciiap

at'ak

tUrr'ut-an

cruach

shiuU

saii'-uU

fass'i^^n

moiill

ba rr

fot'tur

shia'man

biiai^l'tyen

u'uU

pe'rr

shir'ish

ging'g-ish

pllu'm-bish

siih-llair'

grò'sh-èit-un

dyark'un

brùll'ak

suì'ak-un

(Hq)

(liq)

ch-can

(liq)

(liq)

47

English.

4.S

English,

49

50

English.

51

English.

A road, m.

A path, m.

The ocean, m.

The sea,/.

An arm of the sea,

A bay, m,

A creek, m.

The tide, m. i

A lake, m.

A current, in.

A brook, in.

A pond, ?n.

A fountain, f.

A marsh,/.

A quagmire, /.

A spring, m.

A kindling, m.

Flame,/.

Smoke, /.

A blaze, in.

A spark,/

Heat, m.

A burning coal,/

A brand, /.

Firewood, m.

Coals, m.

Peats, /Wood, TO.

A fire, TO.

Gaelic,

rathad,

casan,

Of the AVater.

Mu'n uisge.

an cuan,

a'mhuir,

loch, in.

cauius ; Oban,

sàilean,

an seol mara, '

an sruth,,

loch uisge,

sruth,

allt,

loclian,

raathair-uisge,

boglach,

suil-chritheach,

fuaran,

Of thp: Fire.

Mu'n teine.

fadadh,

lasair,

smiiid,

dreòs,

srad,

teas,

eubhal,

àithinn,

connadh,

gual,

mòine,

fiodh,

gealbhan,

Orthoepy,

rrah'ut

ung ciian

u viiir

lloch

kam'us ; 6'p-an

sàìl-èn

uu shyo'll mar'u

un sriih

lloch uish'kyu

srlih

aiillt

lloch'an

mành'èr ìiish'kyu

bòk'lluch

suil chrih'uch

fuaran.

fatt'agh

llass'ir

smuitsh

dryo'ss

sratt

tyess

è'ull

ai^nconn'ugh

guiill

moin'u

figh, (gh broad)

gyaU'a-van

(Hq)

52

English.

53

English.

A glede, vi.

A partridge,/.

A plover,/.

A moor hen, /.

A black cock, m.

A wild duck,/A solan goose, m.

A gull,/

A tern, m.

A swan,/A cuckoo,/A thrush, /.

A black-bird, m.

A lark, /

A cock, m.

A hen, /A chicken,/A goose, m.

A gander, m.

A gosling, m.

A duck,/A pigeon, m.

A whale, /A pelloch, por- )

pus, m. j"

A cod, m.

A ling, /A gurnet, 7n.

Askate,or thorn- Ì

back, in.j

A flounder,/

Gaelic,

clanihan,

54

English.

55

English. Gaelic.

An earth-worm, biadhuinn,

A slug, ni. lugus,

Insects.

Peisteagan.

A moth,/. leònmnn,

A louse,/. miol,

A flea, /. deargann,

A spider, m. damhan-alluidh,

A grasshopper, m. fionnan-feoir,

A fly,/. cuileag,

A butterfly, m. dearabadan de,

A bee, m. seillein,

A wasp,/. speach,

Orthoepy,

biu'i^n (liq)

lliik'us.

^lyd'ra-unn

miall

dyar'uq-unn (liq)

danhv'an all'i

tyu(/n-an fyòìr

cuTl'aq

dyar'a-bu-dan je

shye^/l'ièn (liq)

spùch (ch broad).

Russia, /.

Sweden, /.

Denmark, /Prussia, /.

Holland, /.

England, /.

Scotland, /.

Ireland, /.

France, /.

Germany, /.

Turkey, /Italy,/

Spain, /Greece, /.

Northern States of Europe.

Diichannan tuath na h-Eorpa.

Ruisia, riish'shi-a

an t-Suain, un tuain

Lochluinn, lloch'llui^n

Pruisia, pviish'-shi-a

an Olaind, nn o'll-aint

Sasgunn, Sasunn, sass'unn

Albuinn, all'up-i^n

Eirinn, Qii-vjw

SouviiEUN States of Europe.

Dùchannan deas na h-Eòrpa.

raingk

{H)

riiq)

(liq)

an Fhraing,

a' Ghearmailt,

an Tuirc,

an Eadailt,

an Spàinnt,

a' Ghreig,

unu yìèr'am è^lt (liq)

un tiitrk

un ett'aillt

un spàì^n'tt

u shrek.

56

TowTsrs IX Europe.

Bailtean 's an roiun Eòrpa.

English.

68

English.

An ounce, m.

A quarter, m.

A pound, m,

A stone,/.

A ton, m.

A glass, /.

A gill, m.

A mutchkin, 7n

A pint, 7n.

A chopin, m.

A gallon, m.

A cask, m.

A barrel, m.

A hogshead, /.

A farthing, /.

A halfpenny, ?«.

A penny,/.

Sixpence, /,

A shilling, in.

A crown, m.

A half-crown, ?

A guinea, m.A half guinea,

)

A pound, m.

Of Weights.

Mu chothroman.

Gaelic,

ùnnsa,

cairteal,

pimnd,clach,

tunna,

Liquid Measures.

Cuimseirean dibhe

gloine,

siola,

bodoch,

pinnt,

seipein,

galan,

buideal,

tunna,

togsaid.

Of Coins.

Mu chilinncadh.

feorling,

bonn a sè

Orthoepy,

unh'su

karsh'tshyall

pu'nt

klach

tunn'u.

gluin'u

shyul'lu

bot'uch

pi'nt

sliehp'èn

gal'lan

buit'yall

tunn'u

tòqs'ètsh.

fyòr-glmg (liq)

j bòunn-u she, or

( shia

sgilling, ski^l'i^n (liq)

sè sgilling, se ski^l'i^n (liq)

tastan, /-tass'tan,

sgilling shasunn--| ski^l'i^n has'unn-

ach, ( uch, (liq)

cri^n, cru'n

leth chrun, ^lech'riin (liq)

gini, gin'i

leth ghini, ^leh yin'i

punnd sasunnach, piinnt sass'unn-uch

59

Of Names of Men.

Mu ainmean fhirionnach.

English.

60

English.

Beatrice,

Christian,

Elizabeth,

Euphemia,Grissel,

Helen,

Jane,

Janet,

Isabella,

Katherine,

Lucy,

Margaret,

Mary,Rachel,

Rebecca,

Sybilla,

Susan,

Gaelic.

Beatarais,

Cairistiona,

Ealasaid,

Aoirig,

Gaorsal,

Eilidh,

Sine,

Seònaid,

Iseabal,

Catriona,

Liiisi,

Mairireid,

Màiri,

Raodhailt,

Sibili,

Siiisaidh,

Orthoepy.

beh'turr-èsli

car'ish-tiàn-u

èll'us-ètsh

ùì'rik

gur'sall

el'i

shì'nu

shyo n-ètsh

ish'u-ball

ka-triàn-u

lyu'si

mèr'ir-ètsh

mành'ri ; mè'ri

rÙ'i^lt (liq)

bèh'ak

ship'i-li

shya'si.

1 a h-aon,

2 a dha,

3 a tri,

4 a ceithir,

5 a coig,

6 a sè, or sia,

7 a seachd,

8 a h-ochd,

9 a naoidh,

10 a deich,

11 a h-aon dèug,

12 a dha dhèug,

13 a tri dèug,

14 a ceithir dèug.

NUMBER.

Aireamh.

u hiTn

u ghau tri

u keh'ir

u coik

u she, or shia

u shechq

u hochqu nuT

u dyechu hù'n dyè'q

u gha yìè'q

u tri dye'q

u koh'ir dye'q

Literal Translation.

a 1

a 2 (integrally)

a 3

a 4 „

a 5 „

a 6 „

a 7

an 8 „a 9

a 10 „

an 11 „

a 2 and 10 ,,

a 3 and 10 „a 4 and 10 „

fil

Orth. Lit. tran.

15 a cdig deug, u coik dye'q a 5 and 10 „

16 a sè, or sia deug, u she, or shia dye'q a 6 and 10 „17 a seachd deug, u shechq dye'q a 7 and 10 „18 a h-ochd deug, u hochq dye'q an 8 and 10

,,

19 a naoidh deug, u nui dye'q a 9 and 10,,

20 à fichead, u fich'ut a 20 „

21 a h-aon thar|^ ^^^ ^^^ .^^,^^ ^ ^ ^^^^ 20 „ihichead, )

"

22 a dha, &c. u gha, &c. a 2 &c. „30 a deich, &c. u dyech, &c. a 10 over, &c.

31 a h-aon deug, «fec.u hù'n dye'q, &c. an llover20,&c.

da ich'ut40 da fhich-

ead,

60 tri fhich- \ead, &c. j

100 ceud, kye't, or kiut

200 da cheud, da chyet

300 tri, &c.

1000 mile, mi'lu

2000 da mhile, da vi'lu

3000 tri, &c.

1000000 muillein, miìgUèn (liq)

'^'"Tein!^"}*^^''^^^^''^" ("^)

tri, &c.

No higher denomination than million

Ordinal Numbers.

2 twenties

3 &c.

a 100

2 hundreds3 &c.

a 10002 thousands

3 &c.

a million

2 millions

3 &c.

i used.

The 1st an ceud,

„ 2d an dara,

„ 3d an treas,

,,4th an ceathramh,

„ 5th an cdigeamh,

„ 6th an seathamh,

„ 7th an seachdamh,

„ 8th an t-ochdamh,

Orth.

ung kye't

un daruun tress

ung kyèr'uv

ung coik'uv

un she'uv, or shia'uv

un shèchq'uv

un tochq'uv

62

Orth.

Tlie 9th an naoidlieamh,

„ 10th an deicheamh,

„ 11th an t-aon fhear deug.

,, 12th an dara fear deug,

„ 13th an treas, fear, «S:c.

20tham ficheadamh

iin nuiuvim dyech'uv

un tft'n èr dye'q

un dar'u fèr dye'q

un tress fèr dye'q, &c.

um fich'ut-uv

fhicheadamh, /. un ich'-ut-uv

21st, an ceud fhear* thar fhichead—ung kye't èr harich'ut—the 1st one over 20 ; a' cheud tef thar

fhichead—u chye't tshe har ich'ut.

22d, an dara fear,

an dara te,

23d, an treas fear,

an treas te, &c.

31, an t-aon fhear deu;.

an t-aon te deug32, an dara fear deug

an dara te deug

33, an treas fear deugan treas te deug

&c.

40th, an da fhicheadamh,

60th, an tri ficheadamh,

80th, an ceithir, &c.

100th, an C()ig, &c.

100th, an ceudamh,200th, an da cheudamh,300th, an treas ceudamh, (tc.

1000th, am mile,

2000th, an dara mile

3000th, an treas mile, &c.

] rs un dara fer har ich'ut

I j; J tshe, &c.

{ S .^ un tress fer, &c.

tshe, &c.

an tun èr dye'q, &c.

tshe dìè'q, &c.un dar'u fer dye'q, &c.

tshe die'q, «S;c.

un tress fer d eq, &c.tshe dye'q

y &c.

un da ich'ut-uv

un tri fich'ut-uv

un keh'ir &c.

ung coik &c.

ung kye't-uv

un da chye't -uv

un tress kye't-uv

um mì'1-u

un dar'u mi'l-u

un tress mi'lu.

* Fear, owe ; mas. f te, one ; fem.

63

Adverbial Numbers.

lly. 's a cheud àite, su chyè't à'tshu

2dly. 's an dara li-àite, sun dar'u ha'tshu

3dly. 's an treas àite, sun tress à'tshu

4thly. 's a cheathramh àite, su chyer'uv a tshu

5th ly. 's &c.

In the

1st place

2d3d4th

5th, &c.

Multiplicative Numbers.

once,

twice,

thrice,

four times,

five, &c.

Sing.

I—mi,

thou,—tu,

he,—e,'

she,—i,

Sing.

I—mise,

ùn iiàir,

dà liaìr,

trì iiàir'un,

keh'ir iiaìr'un,

coik, &c.

aon uair,

da uair,

tri uairean,

ceithir uairean

còig, &c.

Personal Pronouns.

Simple.

Plur.

we,

—

sinn.

one time

two times

three, &cfour, &c.

five, &c.

thu,

Orth.

mi,

tu, Ù,

e,

Ì,

you. ibh

Orth.

shifyn (liq)

shi'v

-they,—iad, iat, or et

Empliatic.

mish'u,

thou,—tusa, thusa, tus'u,us'u, you,

he,—esan, ess'un, > ,

she,—ise, isli'u, j ^

Compound.

I myself,—mi-fein, mise fein,

„ tu, thu-fein, thusa fein

„ e-fein, esan fein

„ i-fein, ise fein.

Plur.

we,—sinne, shi(7n'u(Iiq)

sibhse, shi'shu

-iadsan,ìàt'sun

(^ These pronouns are all of the com. gender

64

Possessive Pronouns.

Sing, and l^lur.

65

INDICATIVE MOOD.

Present Tense (affirmatively).

Singular. Plural.

1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3.

mi, thu, e, i, sinn, sibh, iad

verb *Tha, 1 am.orthoepy, ha.

Present Tense (interrogatively).

Singular. Plural.

1, 2, S, 1, 2, 3.

mi, thu, e, i, sinn, sibh, iad

verb, am Beil ? Am I ?

orth. um bel'.

Pkesent Tense (negatively).

Singular. Plural,

mi, thu, e, i. sinn, sibh, iad

verb, cha-n EiJ, I am not.

orth. chan ìel'.

Past Tense (affirmatively).

Singular. Plural,

mi, thu, e, i. sinn, sibh, iad

verb, Bha, I was, I have been,

orth. va.

Past Tense (interrogatively).

Singular. Plural,

mi, thu, e, i. sinn, sibh, iad

verb, an Robh ? Was I ? have I been ?

orth. un ròh'.

Past Tense (negatively).

Singular. Plural,

mi, thu, e, i. sinn, sibh, iad

verb, cha Robh, I was not, I have not been,

orth. cha ròh'.

* Tha is repeated before each of the personal pronouns ; so

Beil, Eil, Robh, &c.

6G

Future Tense (affirmatively).

Singular. Plural,

mi, thu, e, i. sinu, sibh, iad

verb, Bithidh, I shall or will be.

orth. bi-iy.

Future Tense (interrogatively).

Singular. Plural,

mi, thu, e, i. sinn, sibh, iad

verb, am Bi ? Shall or will I be ?

orth. um bi.

Future Tense (negatively).

Singular. Plural,

mi, thu, e, i. sinn, sibh, iad

verb, cha Bhi, I shall or will not be.

orth. cha vi.

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.*

Past Tense (affirmatively).

Orthoepy.

Sing. 1. Bhithinn, vi-i^n, I could or would be

2. Bhitheadh tu, vi-u tu,

3. Bhitheadh e, vi-ugh e,

i, Ì

p, , . f Bhitheadh sinn, vi-u shif/n,

( Bhitheadhmaid, vi-u-mitsh,

2. Bhitheadh sibh, vi-u-shiv,

3. Bliitheadh iad, vi-ugh iat.

* This tense admits of various conjunctions before it, which ma-terially affect its signification ; thus,

na'm bithiiin, If I were, If I had been, &c.

ged bbithiiin, Tliongh I were, though I should be, &c.

nach bithinn, Tiiat I would or could not be.

gu'm bithinn, That I would be, that I were,

mur bithinn. Were I not, had I not been.

&c. &c. &c.

67

Past Tense (interrogatively).

Orthoepy.

Sing. l.*am Bithinn, um bi-i^n,Couldor would Ibe?2. am Bitheadh tu, um bi-u tu,

3. am bitheadh e, um bi-ugh e,

i Ì

PI ^ -. (am Bitheadh sinn, um bi-u shì^^ am Bitheamaid, um bi-u-mitsh,

2. am Bitheadh sibh, um bi-u shtv,

3. am Bitheadh iad, um bi-ugh iat.

Past Texse (negatively).

Sing. 1. cha Bhithinn, |^^^ ^^-^^°' ^

"^^/^^J

''^^^'^

2. cha Bhitheadh tu, cha vi-u tu,

3. cha Bhitheadh e, cha vi-ugh e,

i, i,

p, , f cha Bhitheadh sinn, cha vi-u shi^fn,

( cha Bhitheamaid, cha vi-u-mitsh,

2. cha Bhitheadh sibh, cha vi-u shiv,

3. cha Bhitheadh iad, cha vi-ugh iat.

Future Tense (conditionally).

Sing. 1. ma Bhitheas mi, mu vi-us mi, If I be.

2. ma Bhitheas tu, mu vi-us tu,

ma Bhitheas e, mu vi-us e,

3. i, Ì,

Plui-. 1. ma bliitheas sinn, mu vi-us shinn,

2. ma bhitheas sibh, mu vi-us shiv,

3. ma bhitheas iad, mu vi-us iat.

INFINITIVE MOOD.

a bhi, u vih, to bedo bhi, do vih, to be

* Ged bhitheas mi, &c. Though I be, &c.Mar bhitheas mi, &c. How I may be ; as I shall be, how I

shall be.

68

le bhi,

69

An èibhleag, /.

An gunna, m.

An isp, /.

An òrdag, /.

An re is, /An solus, m.

An treasg, m.

An ùpag, /.

Phraseology.

un ìèl'jrak,

ung gunn'u,

un i'sp,

un or'dak,

The Articles.

un re'sh,

un sol'us,

un tresq,

un up'aq.

The coal

The gunThe rasp

The thumb.

The race

The light

The draff

The shove.

Between the article, and masculine nouns beginning

with a vowel, or feminines beginning with s,—a t,

—

with a hyphen, is inserted, v. Declension supra.

Examples,

ug tanhm,

un tshe't,

un ti'm,

un tor,

un tu,

un tùìl,

un trat,

And between the article and the genitive of mascu-lines in s. V. ut supra.

Examples.

un tshi'du,

un tranh,

un teil'ich,

un tùìgh,

Am is used before masculine nouns beginning with

b, f, m, p.

Examples.

Am baile, um bail'u. The townAm preas, um press, The bush

An t-àm.

An t-eud,

An t-im.

An t-or.

An t-ùth,

An t-sùil,

An t-srad.

An t-sioda,

An t- snath,

An t-seilich.

An t-sùigh,

The time

The jealousy

The butter

The gold

The udderThe eve

The spark.

of the silk

of the yarn

of the willow

of the juice.

70

Am fleasgach,

Am fèur,

Am measan,

Am meirleach,

PlIRASEOr-OGY.

urn fles'cuch,

um fe'rr,

urn miss'an,

um merr'^iyuch,

The bachelor

The grass

The lap-dog

The thief.

NOUNS QUALIFIED BY ADJECTIVES.

A Gaelic adjective has only two forms ; therefore

there are but two genders, the masculine and feminine.

Orthoepy.

Duine math, ???. dii-nyu mah,Bean mhath, /. ben vah,

Allt cas, m. aiillt cass,

Abhuinn chas, /. aii'i.vn chass,

Giulan ban, m. gyullan banhn,

Caileag, /. bhàn cai^l'ak vànhnCòta donn, m. coh'ta doiinn.

Peiteag dhonn, /. pehtyak ghoiinn,

Latha fuar, m. lla'u fii-ui%

Gaoth fhuar, /.

Cù glas, m.

Cearc ghlas, /.

Fear mdr, m.

Te mhdr, /

gù ii-ur,

cii gllass,

k^ark ghllass,

fèr mòr,

tshe' vòr,

*Gnothach nàr, in. gro'-uch nar,

*Saothach Ian, m. su'uch llan,

A good manA good womanA rapid brookA rapid river

A fair-headed boyA fair-headed girl

A brown coat

A brown vest

A cold dayA cold windA grey dogA grey henA tall manA tall womanA shameful affair

A full dish

^Aodachròmach,??;.ù'duch rro'much, Shaggy cloth

Mir sla

SHge shlàn, /.

Sgèula truagh, m.

Bean thruagh,/.

Cnocàrd m.

Eagluis àrd,/.

mi'r sllànhn,

shlik'u hllanhn,

skye'llu trii-ugh,

ben hrii-ugh,

krochk art,

eq'llish art.

An entii'e piece

An entire shell

A sad tale

A wretched womr.n

A high knoll

A lofty church

* h is not written after 1, n, r, though the pronunciation and per-

spicuity require it.

71

Fiamh èitidh, m.

Tigh iosal, m,

Damh òg, m.

Brbgùr,/.Daoine matha, m.

Mnathan matha,/.

Uillt chasa,

Aibhnicliean casa,

Giulain bhàna,

Caileagan bàna,

Coin ghlasa,

Cia mar tha tlui ?

Co so ?

Co tlia'n so ?

An tns' a th'aim ?

Co tha leat ?

Am beil thu beo ?

Tha mi,

'Smath learn sin.

Gun robh math )

. agad,_ )

Cia mar tha iad )

agaibh ? j

Tha iad slàn,

'Smath sin.

Slàn leat,

BeannFichd leat,

Soriiidh uam gu ^d' phiuthair, j"

'Se bheatha sin.

Phraseology.

Orthoepy.

fiav eh'tslii,

tuih i'sh-ull,

danhv ok,

bro'k iirr,

dù-nyu mah'u,

mrah'-un mah'u,

\\\g\i chass'u,

ùin'ich-un eass'u,

gylill en vànhn'u,

cài^l'ak-un bànhn'u,

coin ghllass'u,

Meeting.

kèm'ur hà ùCO shoh

CO han shoh

un tuss'u haiiun

c5 ha lèht

urn bel ii byoha mismail'um shin

- gun'-ro mah'ak-ut

kem'ur ha iat f

ak'-iv "^

ha iat sllanhn

smah shin

PARXrNG.

sllanhn leht, }

benn'uchq leht, jsori ii-um gut, f

(

f

fyii'ir,

she vèh'u shin.

A grim appearance

A low houseA young oxA new shoe

Good menGood womenRapid brooksRapid rivers

Fair-haired boys.Fair -haired girls

Grey dogs.

How are you ?

Who is this ?

Who is here ?

Is it you ? [you ?

Who is along with

Are you alive ?

Yes I amI am glad of that

I thank you

How are they with

you ?

They are in health

That's good.

' Farewell

My respects to

your sister

That will be wel-

come

72

Cuin' a thig thu

rithist P

Gu goirid,

'Seudar dhomli ì

bhi falbh, jTlia cabhag orm,

Greas ort, ma ta,

Falbh a luidhe,

Cuir dhiot,

Laidh foil,

Dean cadal,

Laidh a nìill,

Cadal math dhuit,

Thoir leat mo "1

bhrògan, j

Cuirasa'choinii-

1

eal, 1

Cuir airmochois^

trà mi,

NÌ mi sill.

Phraseology.

Parting.

Orthoepy.

cuin'u hik ii rih'- (

isht, (gii guir-rit,

she-tur ghoh vi)^

fall'av, fha cav'ak or-m,

gress orst rau ta,

Going to Bed.

falv u Ilai,

ciiir yiuht,

lluif 1,

jell cat'tul,

llui-u-niiull,

cat'tul mah yiit, <

hoir leht moJ

vroq'un, 1

ciiir ass'u chu-

f

i^nlul, (ciiir eirmo chòsh^

trà me, jni mi shin,

When will youcome again ?

Soon

I must be going

I am in a hurry

Haste you, then.

Go to bedUndressLie still

Sleep

Lie over

A sound sleep to

youTake away my

shoes

Extinguish the

candle

Put me up early

I will.

73

o to

- — t>-.

O c ^S S c 'c '^

« « =« ^ g^ ^ ',-1 s SL

o c 9 >» P

1

74

O r—

75

-w o to

to o'rj ^ .5 ^^ S -^ oo ?> q ^

i I I 1 I I

P o o ^ o "

<^ r- " '^ S

O O O — ;3

= S S o o^^ ^ '^ 'H ^ -

<: -^ ;= 'n

hoepij.

I

yie'ri

um'ut

76

o

o

.in OJ

tn OS O— O

s s aO 0) o> > >

3

CS :Z3 rt w r- s g „_,

OCii

^ r- .-•-" 9 -^ ."^ -5 >^^ >^

• ^ o M "^ rti o 0^ 0^ =3 S C

-- 3O O

OH

CO cc o Q

3>>:s

'3 '^ «

'^ S S a

OHEhH

c a -5 p

^73 n:i ,fl ^

77

S.2

OS

^ = r5 <>• >^. g

« w ^ >-. - ^ i== o o - o "'

T3 P 'T3

— -- -^ cc —

2 S-^ ,3 ; c^

o g» to b£) c3 _ O

:= >cS )>-.

s P

5-=-n ^iJir^ cj-t:-^ ^ iO

fl1-3= !Jp:l:i-=P 1*=-^ —^"2 ^ ~ ^

78

J3 <^

0^ s-s

79

«crL.

O OS

•3 c ^^ cv- .2 ;: .2 >^ ^ ? :5 - >..2 ^ o >>

^3 |£^>'""'^"'> > > > -^ ^^ > > o o

•+J O «2

S ^ "1 3 IJ o-f '^ ^ '^V?^ I i -^ ^ -S ;^ ,^ I

t; 'yi "^ "^ m 'f^ 'ji^^

^ -5i j^ ^ ^ fciD^?-t: g <« <:; g s

•O -O O O -O -O vo vS ;;rj •0 0«'^

= rt-^'^2i:rti:^ -

c: c3 ri -2 --

o o.S.2.2o o o o o

80

-n "^ ^ ;i >->73g ^ 3 o 23 I -TS

'^ ?S 2 § .1:: -ti .t^ .1^ .ti .^ .t2 > « « S a

£ -^ ^ --n -s -rs5 A ~ a :^ -^ cis s ^

OU3PSPSP3PP3P3 o fci^ *^^

"o

M '^ 3 ci ^

•*^ ^ n:i fco^ "" ^ a 4i .-H o 'S -^ .2 ^ ci> .- o.'^'--^ fl rt g s ^ s p =^ s p c fl s-s'sj-j

81

c^

.2 o -^ -S rt cv. ,jr^ cv. cv, cS

_c ^ C3 § !>.^ ^^ o^ S^^-^ S j:^r"

> 'ru'::^ ^-o ,2 )-^ .^s o ^ o <u :: , i/} ^ cc .-^ «2 S Vj

^ ^f'^- s g g 3 i ^^ ^ '>> ^3 -i -i -i =? -i -^ ?

1

SB'S) =3o'"3-=^M'^SV^"2«=«2co«2j^ —

82

0-. -r o tS '^ s-

CD? =_Coc,U'-'00(y<^^0000

1*

83.

o cS

.5 S ^-g o -S):^ .2 o S .2 -^ 5c 1i -S -S c - -^

OOOfljOOoOOOOOCccC'-^'Kr'"--

^,> S o^S -f -S .> ^ .^ V. ^ :|rS i5 .ti "- /-

J =g ^^S M'S.^s t -5.-5, '&^^ -S ^z -^ € ""-^ >^

;h -^ "^^ ^-p ^ - ct ^ .= •= ^ := ;s '^ "5 "•:::'S .. <i^ ^ d.S'^^.'B '-" '^ ri -c 'a "5 H r'

84

85

o ^

cu ti *^ •-

J-JÌ5

^ ^ ^ 2-^^^x t^s^ bw^ wb^^ b

S§̂-

,.^

<= ir.t:-=

'to s 'HJj'u ij u: 3 oc W O

5 '^ c -o^ o

c c3

^ — ^ Ò

r5<Pz3<^^<^^<^^<^uù

86

^y.

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3 rt g ?: > -^^

> >. !z; -^ >w ;z5..CÌQ C'

'2 cj

'-Or--- '3 bl

ÈH^rH<500<JQo

NDEX.

Accident?, ......

Metals,

Mind, of the

Music,

Names,Numbers,

Passive Voice,

Peculiar Sounds,

Phraseology,

Pronouns,Pronunciation,

Questions,

Pveptiles, .

Rural Affairs,

Seasonings.

States of Europe,

Terms and Holidays,

Time,Titles,

Town, of a

Trades, .

Vegetables,

Vegetation,

Verbs,

Vices,

Virtues,

Vocabulary,

Water,Weights,

Pag«

48. 35

49

56,5960

1910

68631

84

5444

38

55

2928

5741,58

43

414864363526

5851

1, line 7 from top, insert jpA between mli and sh.

4>', line 9 from top, dele <j in fui^ni, and pronounce fou'ni.

48, line 2 from t ip, dele comma after crmibh, and read craobh.

54, line 16 from top, for muirsginn, read muirsgiun.

GO, line C from top, dele The Articles.

70, line 5 from tnp. for meirlcach, read mèirleach.

73, line 3 from bottom, mid. col. for tush, read tush.

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Parents. By Andrew Combe, M I)., &c. Eighth Edition,

with an Appendix, hy James Coxe, M.I).

" After a careful perusal of this little volume from beginning to end, we do nothesitate to pronounce it to be one of the most valuable and most importantworks that have issued from the medical press for years. There are few membersof the piotession who will not derive some benefit from it ; while to youngpractitioners, and to all enlightened parents, it cannot fail to be of inestimable

value."

—

British and Foreign Medical Review.

lY.

8fo, price firf.

pHRENOLOGY—ITS NATURE AND USLS. An AddressJ- to the Students of Anderson's University, Glasjjow, at the

Opening of Dr Wliu's first Course of Lectures on Phrenology in

lr>4t5. J?y Andbew Combe, M.D., &c.

V.

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-pXPEKIMENTS and OBSERVATrOXS on the GASTRIC^-i JUICE and PHYSIOLOGY of DIGESTION. By Wil-liam ! EAi-MONT, M.D., Surgeon to the United States Army.Reprinted with Notes by Andiiew Combe. M D., &c." We speak advisedly when we assert that we know no more valuable con.

tribution to Physiology within our memory"—Didilin Medical Press.

8vo, pp. COO, price 14*.

ABBATH LAWS AND SABBATH DUTIES consideredIN RELATION TO THEIR NATURAL AND SCRIi TURAL

10 JIAC! AClir AN AVn STFWART.

GHOITNDS, Avn to riir. nilXCTPLF-S cf RKLIOIOUSLIBERTY. Bv KoijLRT Cox

CoNTEVTv— A Plea fjr Sunday Trains on the 'Edinburgh and '^1a'!70w H^ilway

—The \ ictories of the Sabbatarians.—The Right to Act according to one's

Ppligious Belief.—God's Truth and Man's Truth —The Du^v of Preserving

Health —History of Modern Sabbatarianism —Clerical Po<,'ma'i-;m and lay ser-

vility —Public Opinion in Scotland as to Sunday Trains —Grou'^ids of Leg'sla'ion

for Siind.iy Trains —The Causes and Cure of Orui-kennp^j; —R:'creation a Sab-

bath Duty.—God's Vengeanceagainst Sal)bath-breakers — TheScottish Memor'al«

against Sunday Trains -Protestant Principle and Pm'oif ant Practice.—TheDuty of Acting according to one's religious Bplef—Curiosities of the Sabbath

Alliance.—The Scriptural Grounds of the Sabbath.

11.

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ES3AYS ON HUMAN RIGJITS AND THHIR POLITICALGUARANTIES. By the Hon. K. P. Hdkluut, lite'y one

of the Justices of the Supreme Court of the State of New York.

With a Preface and Notes Ijy Geouge Co.mbe.

Contents :—Origin of Human Uight.s.—True Function of Government.-Con.

stitution of Government—Constitutional Limitations and Prohibitions.— Elective

Franchise —Hights emanating from the Sentiments and Atr<!Ctions —Rights of

Woman.—liight of Property, and its .\:oral Relations.-Intellectual Property.

—

Appendix of Notes, y 'i. Coììue.

III.

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f THOUGHTS ON PHYSICAL EDUCATIOX, AND THEA TRUE MODE OF IMPROVING THE COXDITION OFMAN. By Cfjari.es Caldwell, M.D. Profesn.r of the Insti-

tutes of Medicin>' and Medical Jurisprudence, Louisville, Ken-

tucky. With a Recommendatory Preface. By Geoege Combe.

Second Briti.'jh Edition.

IV.

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OBLECTIONS FROM THE PHRENOLOGICAL JOUR'^ ' NAL: Comprising Forty Articles in the first five volumes,

chiefly by George Ccmbe, James Sijipso.n, and A.ndkew Co.mbe,

M D. Edited by Robert Cox.

^