department of physics syllabus from 2011 onwards
TRANSCRIPT
DEPARTMENT OF
PHYSICS
SYLLABUS FROM
2011 ONWARDS
K.N.Govt. Arts College (W) (Autonomous), Thanjavur-613007.
Course Structure for the Year 2011 onwards
Department of Physics
Sem
este
r
Pa
rt
Subject code Course
Inst
.Hrs
Cre
dit
Exam
Hou
rs
Int.
Ext.
Tota
l
I
I 11K1T1 Language Course-I (Tamil I) 6 3 3 25 75 100
II 11K1E1 English Language Course -I
( English I) 6 3 3 25 75 100
III 11K1P01 Core Course - I (Properties of
Matter and Sound ) 5 4 3 25 75 100
III Core Course - II
( Physics Practical I ) 3 - - - - -
III 11K1CH/PAM1 Allied Course - I ( First Allied
Mathematics I ) 5 4 3 25 75 100
III Allied Course - II (First Allied
Mathematics II) 3 - - - - -
IV 11K1ES Environmental Studies 2 2 3 25 75 100
Total 30 16 125 375 500
II
I 11K2T2 Language Course -II
( Tamil II) 6 3 3 25 75 100
II 11K2E2 English Language Course - II
(English II) 6 3 3 25 75 100
III 11K2P02P Core Course - II
( Physics Practical I ) (3)+3 4 3 40 60 100
III 11K2P03 Core Course - III (Mechanics and
Relativity ) 4 4 3 25 75 100
III 11K2CH/PAM2 Allied Course - II ( First Allied
Mathematics II ) (3)+3 3 3 25 75 100
III 11K2CH/PAM3 Allied Course - III (First Allied
Mathematics III) 4 3 3 25 75 100
IV 11K2PELO1 Non-Major Elective - I (Laser
Physics) 2 2 3 25 75 100
IV 11K2VE Value Education 2 2 3 25 75 100
Total 30 24 215 585 800
III
I 11K3T3 Language Course - III (Tamil III) 6 3 3 25 75 100
II 11K3E3 English Language Course - III
(English III) 6 3 3 25 75 100
III 11K3P04 Core Course - IV (Thermal and
Statistical Physics ) 4 4 3 25 75 100
III Core Course - V
( Physics Practical II ) 2 - - - - -
III 11K3B/P/ZACH1 Allied Course - I
( Second Allied Chemistry I ) 5 4 3 25 75 100
III Allied Course - II (Second Allied
Chemistry Prac.) 3 - - - - -
IV 11K3SBEC1 Skill Based Elective -I (Soft
Skills) 4 4 3 25 75 100
Total 30 18 125 375 500
IV
I 11K4T4 Language Course - IV (Tamil IV) 6 3 3 25 75 100
II 11K4E4 English Language Course -IV
( English IV) 6 3 3 25 75 100
III 11K4P05P Core Course - V
( Physics Practical II ) (2)+3 4 3 40 60 100
III 11K4P06 Core Course - VI (Electricity and
Magnetism ) 4 4 3 25 75 100
III 11K4B/P/ZACH2P Allied Course - II
( Second Allied Chemistry Prac.) (3)+3 3 3 40 60 100
III 11K4B/P/ZACH3 Allied Course - III (Second Allied
Chemistry II) 4 3 3 25 75 100
IV 11K4SBEC2
Skill Based Elective - II
(Communication and Personality
Development)
4 4 3 25 75 100
V 11K4EA Extension Activites - 1 -
Total 30 25 205 495 700
V
III 11K5P07 Core Course - VII (Optics and
Laser Physics) 5 5 3 25 75 100
III 11K5P08 Core Course - VIII (Wave
Mechanics and Nuclear Physics) 4 4 3 25 75 100
III 11K5P09 Core Course - IX (Analog
Electronics) 4 4 3 25 75 100
III Core Course - X (Physics
Practical III) 3 - - - - -
III Core Course - XI (Physics
Practical IV) 3 - - - - -
III 11K5PELP1
Major Based Elective - I
(Numerical Methods and
Statistics)
5 5 3 25 75 100
IV 11K5PELO2 Non-Major Elective - II (Solar
Energy) 2 2 3 25 75 100
IV 11K5SBEC3 Skill Based Elective - III (Fish
Culture) 4 4 3 25 75 100
Total 30 24 150 450 600
VI
III 11K6P10P Core Course - X (Physics
Practical III) (3)+3 6 3 40 60 100
III 11K6P11P Core Course - XI (Physics
Practical IV) (3)+3 6 3 40 60 100
III 11K6P12 Core Course - XII (Programming
in C) 7 6 3 25 75 100
III 11K6P13 Core Course - XIII (Digital
Electronics and Microprocessor) 7 6 3 25 75 100
III 11K6PELP2 Major Based Elective - II (Atomic
and Solid state Physics) 5 4 3 25 75 100
III 11K6PELP3 Major Based Elective - III
(Renewable Energy) 4 4 3 25 75 100
V 11K6GS Gender Studies 1 1 3 25 75 100
Total 30 33 205 495 700
Grand Total 3800
Core Course- I
Properties of Matter Sound
Unit –I : Elasticity
Different moduli of elasticity- Work done in Strain- Relation between elastic
constants- Poisson’s ratio- Expression for ratio in terms of elastic constants- Torsion-
Torsion of a Cylindrical Wire- Expression for Torque per unit Twist- Work done in
twisting wire- torsion oscillations of a body- rigidity modulus of a wire by Torsional
Pendulum- Moment of inertia of the disc.
Unit – II : Bending of Beams
Expression for bending moment- Cantilever – Expression for depression-
experiment to find Young’s modulus using Mirror and Telescope – Oscillations of a
cantilever – Uniform bending of a beam – Expression for elevation – Experiment to find
Young’s modulus using pin and microscope – Non uniform bending – Expression for
depression – Experiment to find Young’s modulus using pin and microscope – Koenig’s
method to find the Young’s modulus of a beam by uniform bending – I form of Girders.
Unit-III : Viscosity
Coefficient of viscosity and its dimension – Stream lined motion and turbulent
motion – Poiseuille’s formula for the flow of liquid through a capillary tube – corrections
to Poiseuille’s formula – Experiment to determine the coefficient of viscosity of liquid –
viscosity of a highly viscous liquids – viscosity of air - Mayer’s formula – Rankines
method.
Unit – IV: Surface Tension
Definition and dimensions of surface tension – Explanation of surface tension on
kinetic theory – surface energy – Angle of contact – Excess pressure inside a curved
liquid surface- Excess pressure inside a liquid drop and a soap bubble- Jaegar’s
experiment for determination of surface tension of liquid- Variation of surface tension
with temperature- Quincke’s method to determine the surface tension of mercury and
angle of contact.
Unit – V : Sound
Laws of transverse vibrations in strings – Experimental verifications of laws of
transverse vibration by sonometer – Melde’s experiment to find the frequency – Music
and noise – Characteristics of musical sound – Intensity of sound – Decibel – Phon –
Production and detection of Ultrasonic sound waves – Application of ultrasonic sound
waves.
Acoustics of Building- Reverberation ( no derivation- Basic ideas only) –
Requisites for good acoustics.
Book for Studies and Reference:
1) Properties of matter - R. Murugeshan
2) Properties of matter - A. Sundravelusamy
3) A Text book of Sound – N. Subrahamanyan and Brijlal
Core Course- II
Practical – I
1. Non- Uniform bending- Pin and Microscope
2. Uniform bending- Pin and Microscope
3. Static Torsion – Rigidity Modulus.
4. Torsional Pendulum- n and I
5. Surface Tension and Interfacial Surface Tension of liquid by drop weight method
6. Compound Pendulum – g and k
7. Sonometer – Verification of Two Laws.
8. Cantilever Depression – Scale and Telescope
9. Specific heat capacity of a liquid – Newton’s law of Cooling
10. Thermal conductivity of a bad conductor – Lee’s disc
11. Long focus Convex Lens- f
12. Concave Lens – f
13. Co efficient of Viscosity- Graduated Burette Method
14. Spectrometer – A, D &
15. Stoke’s Method- Viscosity
Core Course – III Mechanics and Relativity
Unit – I : Projectile and Impact of Elastic Bodies
Projectile - Path and range of the projectile- Impulse of a force- Laws of
impact- Impact of a smooth sphere on a smooth fixed horizontal plane- Direct and
Oblique impacts between two smooth spheres – Loss of Kinetic energy due to direct and
oblique impacts
Unit – II : Statics, Hydrostatics and Hydrodynamics
Centre of Gravity of a body- Centre of gravity of a solid hemisphere and solid
cone.
Atmospheric pressure- variation of atmospheric pressure with attitude- height of
homogeneous atmosphere.
Bernoulli’s theorem – Application of Bernoulli’s theorem to Liquids
1. Toricelli’s Theorem 2) Venturimeter
Unit – III : Dynamics and Friction
Moment of Inertia and radiation of gyration( Definition only) – Dimensions and
unit of moment of inertia- Analogous parameters in Translational and Rotational motion-
Kinetic energy of a body rotating about an axis through its center of mass – The
compound pendulum.
Forces of friction – Laws of friction – angle of friction, Resultant reaction and
cone of friction – Equilibrium of a body on a rough plan inclined to the horizontal – The
friction clutch.
Unit – IV: Gravitation and Seismology
Basic forces of nature – Newton’s law of Gravitation – Density of the earth- Mass
of the earth and sun – Velocity of escape from the earth – velocity of escape from the
solar system- variation of g with latitude, altitude and depth.
Earth quakes- Seismic waves- Determination of epicenter and the focus- Modern
applications of Seismology
Unit – V: Relativity
Postulates of Special theory of Relativity – The Lorentz transformation equations-
Results from Lorentz transformation equations (i) length contraction (ii) Time dilation
(iii) Relativity of simultaneity (iv) Addition of velocities
Variation of mass with velocity- mass energy equivalence with one example-
Relationship between total energy, rest energy and momentum- Zero rest mass.
Books for Reference :
1. Dynamics – M. Narayanamurthi, N. Nagarathnam
2. Statics,Hydrostatics and Hydrodynamics- M. Narayanamurthi, N. Nagarathnam
3. Mechanics- D.S. Mathur Reprint 2007- S.Chand and Company Ltd.,
4. Properties of Matter- R.Murugesan
5. Elements of Properties of Matter – D.S.Mathur
6. Modern Physics- R.Murugesan, Kiruthiga Sivaprasath- 14th
Revised multicolour
edition 2008.
CORE COURSE - IV
THERMAL and STATISTICAL PHYSICS
Unit - I : Heat and Transmission
Definition of Specific heat - Heat capacity- Specific heat of a gas – Joly’s
Differential Steam Calorimeter and Regnault’s Method- Dulong and Petits law.
Transmission of Heat
Conduction: Definition – Rectilinear flow of heat along a Bar by Fourier Equation
of heat flow- Forbe’s method- Thermal Conductivity of poor conductors : Lee’s
Disc Method- Wiedmann- Franz Law.
Convection: Definition- Applications of Convection- Central heating system-
Thermos Flask.
Unit- II: Radiation
Thermal Radiation- Applications of Heat Radiation- Black Body Radiation-
Emissive Power and Absorptive power- Kirchhoff’s Law-Stefan- Boltzmann Law-
Distribution of energy in Black Body Spectrum- Wien’s Displacement Law-
Rayleigh Jeans Law-Derivation of Stefan’s Law- Derivation of Newton’s law of
Cooling from Stefan’s Law- Determination of Stefan’s Constant.
Unit- III: Liquefaction of Gases
Change of State- Continuity of State- Andrew’s experiment on Carbon-di-
oxide- Derivation of Van der Waals equation- Critical Constants : Definition and
Experimental determination- Joule-Thomson Porous Plug Experiment –
Liquefaction of Hydrogen- Helium- Helium I and II.
Unit- IV: Thermodynamics
Statements of Zeroth and First law of Thermodynamics- Isothermal and
Adiabatic Process – Work done during Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes-
Reversible and Irreversible Processes- Second law of Thermodynamics-Carnot’s
Ideal Heat Engine- Carnot’s Cycle- Carnot’s theorem- Entropy: Change of
Entropy in Reversible and Irreversible processes- Temperature- Entropy diagram-
Third law of Thermodynamics.
Unit –V: Statistical Mechanics
Macroscopic and Microscopic descriptions-Definition of Statistical system-
Ensembles (definitions only)- Fundamental postulates of statistical mechanics-
Statistical equilibrium- Quantum Statistics- Phase space-Maxwell-Boltzmann
Statistics- Bose-Einstein Statistics-Fermi Dirac Statistics. Books for Study:
1) Heat and Thermodynamics – J. B. Rajam and C. L . Arora
2) Heat and Thermodynamics - Brijlal and Subrahmanyam
3) A text Book of Heat - M. Narayanamoorthy and K. Ramamoorthy.
4) Statistical Mechanics -Agarwal Eisner.
Book for Reference: 1) Heat and Thermodynamics - Zemansky
2) Statistical Mechanics -E. S. R. Gobal.
CORE COURSE - V
OPTICS AND LASER PHYSICS
UNIT – I : GEOMETRICAL OPTICS Refraction through lens – Sign convention – Cardinal points and Planes – Principal foci and Focal Planes – Principal points and Principal Planes – Nodal Points and Nodal Planes.Defects of images – Spherical aberration – Methods of Minimization – Coma – Astigmatism – Curvature of field – Distortion – Chromatic aberration – Achromatic combination of lenses – Lenses in contact – Lenses separated by a distance ‘‘ d ’’ apart. UNIT – II : INTERFERENCE Interference of light – Coherent sources – Theory of interference by reflected light – Newton’s rings in the reflected system – Applications: Determination of wave length and Refractive index of a liquid – Fringes produced by a wedge shaped thin film – Interferometer – Michelson’s interferometer – Applications: Determination of wave length and Difference in wavelength between two neighbouring spectral lines. UNIT – III : DIFFRACTION Fresnel and Fraunhofer types of diffraction – Rectilinear propagation of light – Diffraction at a straight edge – Fraunhofer diffraction at a single slit – Double slit – Plane transmission grating – Theory – Oblique incidence - Dispersive power of a grating – Resolving power of a prism and grating – Comparison of prism and grating spectra. UNIT – IV : POLARIZATION Double refraction – Huygens explanation of double refraction in uniaxial crystals – Nicol prism as polariser and analyzer – Quarter and Half wave plate – Production and Detection of plane, elliptically and circularly polarised light – Optical activity – Specific rotation – Laurent’s half shade Polarimeter.
UNIT - V: LASER LASER – Characteristics - Energy levels - Spontaneous emission -
Stimulated emission – Einstein’s Co-efficient - Population Inversion - Active medium – Pumping - Optical resonator - Meta Stable State – Levels of Laser - Types of LASER - Helium-Neon LASER - CO2 LASER – Semiconductor LASER - Application - Hologram. Books for study:
1. A Text Book of Optics – Brijlal and Subrahmanyam 2. An Introduction to LASERS
Theory and Applications – M. N. Avadhanulu 3. Engineering physics – G.Vijayakumari.
CORE COURSE - VI
Physics Practical II (Any 12)
1. Junction Diode Characteristics
2. Zener Diode Characteristics
3. Meter Bridge – Resistance and Specific Resistance of the given coil.
4. Carey foster’s Bridge – Specific Resistance of the given coil
5. Potentiometer – Ammeter Calibration
6. Potentiometer – Low range Voltmeter
7. Spectrometer – Refractive index of the liquid Prism
8. Spectrometer – Dispersive power of a material of Prism
9. Spectrometer – Grating – Normal incidence method – Wavelength Determination
10. Newton’s Rings – Radius of curvature of a Convex Lens
11. Joule’s Calorimeter – Specific heat capacity of liquid
12. Emissive power of a surface – Spherical Calorimeter
13. Post office Box – Temperature Co-efficient of the given coil of wire.
14. Figure of Merit of B.G / Spot Galvanometer
15. Study of waveforms using C.R.O
CORE COURSE - VII
Electricity and Magnetism
Unit- I: Electrostatics
Gauss Theorem- application – Elastic intensity at a point due to charged sphere
and charged cylinder- Columb’s theorem- Mechanical force experienced by unit area of
charged surface – Energy stored per unit volume in an electric field- Capacity of a
conductor-Capacitance of a cylindrical condenser- Energy of a condenser- Loss of energy
on sharing of charges between two conductors- condensers connected in series and
parallel
Unit – II: Magnetic Properties of Materials
Properties of Dia, Para and Ferro magnetic materials – Cycle of Magnetization –
Hysterisis- Rententivity and Coercivity – B-H Curves for a magnetic material –
Magnetometer method – Loss of energy per cycle ( Hysterisis loss) – Area of B-H loop –
difference in the magnetic property of Iron and Steel.
Unit – III: Current Electricity
Ampere’s Circuital Law- Biot-Savart Law-Field along the axis of a circular coil
and solenoid – Force on a conductor in a magnetic field- Theory of Ballistic
galvanometer- Figure of merit – Damping correction- Kirchhoff’s laws – Wheat stone’s
network- conditions for balance- Carey Foster’s Bridge- Potentiometer- Measurement of
Current and Resistance.
Unit – IV: DC and AC Circuits
Growth and decay of current in a circuit containing L and R with steady EMF-
Charging and discharging of a condenser through R – Charging of a condenser through L
and R - Determination of high resistance by leakage – Series and Parallel resonance
circuits – Q factor – Sharpness of resonance.
Unit – V: Electromagnetic Induction
Laws of Electromagnetic Induction – Expression for induced EMF – Expression
for self inductance of a solenoid – Rayleigh’s method of finding self inductance of a coil-
Mutual induction – co efficient of coupling- Determination of mutual inductance (BG)
between a pair of coils.
Books for study and Reference:
1. Electricity and Magnetism – Brijlal and Subrahmanyam- Ratan Prkashan Mandir-
Delhi
2. Fundamentals of Electricity and Magnetism – D.N.Vasudeva- S.Chand & Sons-
New Delhi
3. Electricity and Magnetism – R.Murugeshan- S. Chand & Co.,
4. Electricity and Magnetism – K. L. Chopra and N. K. Sehgal- S.Chand & Sons-
New Delhi
CORE COURSE - VIII
WAVE MECHANICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS UNIT – I : DUAL NATURE OF MATTER De Broglie’s concept of matter waves – The De Broglie wave length – Wave velocity and Group velocity for De Broglie waves – Experimental study of matter waves – Davisson and Germer experiment – G.P.Thomson’s experiment for verifying De Broglie relation – Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. UNIT – II : SCHRODINGER’S WAVE EQUATIONS Basic postulates of wave mechanics – Development of Schrodinger’s wave equation – Time independent and dependent form – Properties of wave function – Orthogonal and Normalized wave function – Eigen function and Eigen values – Applications of Schrodinger’s equation: Particle in a box and Linear harmonic oscillator. UNIT – III : THE NUCLEUS, DETECTORS AND ACCELERATORS Nuclear size – Nuclear mass – Nuclear charge - Binding energy – Packing factor – Liquid drop model – Shell model. Introduction – Ionization chamber – Geiger Muller counter – Wilson cloud chamber – Bubble chamber – The Linear Accelerator – The Cyclotron – The Betatron. UNIT – IV : RADIOACTIVITY Natural Radioactivity – Alpha, Beta, and Gamma rays – Alpha particle spectra – Theory of Alpha decay – Beta ray spectra – The neutrino theory of Beta decay – Nuclear Isomerism – Internal conversion – Soddy Fajan’s displacement law – Laws of radioactive disintegration – Half life period and Mean life – The Age of Earth – Biological effects of nuclear radiations. UNIT – V : NUCLEAR FISSION, FUSION AND RADIATION HAZARDS Nuclear fission – Energy released in fission – Chain reaction – Atom Bomb – Nuclear Reactors – Nuclear fusion – Source of stellar energy – Thermonuclear reactions – Hydrogen Bomb. Radiation Hazards – Radiation safety level – Protection method – Nuclear disasters – Nuclear waste disposal. Books for study:
1. Modern Physics - R.Murugeshan
2. Modern Physics - J.B.Rajam
Core Course - IX
Analog Electronics
Unit 1 Semiconductor & Rectifiers Semiconductor – Energy band Description of semiconductor – intrinsic and
Extrinsic Semiconductor –PN junction Diode-Volt Ampere characteristics of PN junction
Diode – Zener Diode
Half wave Rectifier – Efficiency of Half Wave Rectifier- Full Wave Rectifier –
Efficiency of full wave rectifier – Ripple factor
Unit II Transistors Transistor – Transistor action – Characteristics of common Base Connection –
Characteristics of Common Emitter Connection – Transistor as an Amplifier in CE
Arrangement – Transistor Biasing – Base Resistor Method – Voltage Divider bias
Method
Unit III Amplifiers and Oscillators Single stage Transistor Amplifiers – D.C and A.C Equivalent circuits – Multi
Stage Transistor Amplifiers – Important terms – RC Coupled Transistor Amplifier-
Feedback Principles of Negative Feedback in Amplifiers - Gain of Negative Feedback
Amplifiers – Oscillators – Hartley Oscillators – Phase shift Oscillators
Unit IV Operational Amplifiers Characteristics of ideal Op Amp - Inverting – Non inverting - CMRR – Sign
changer – Scale changer – adder – Subtractor – differentiator – integrator – comparator
Unit V Integrated Circuits Integrated circuits – Advantages of ICs – Drawback of ICs – Scale of Integration
– Classification of ICs by structure – Classification of ICs by function – IC Terminology
– Monolithic ICs made – Fabrication of IC Components – Popular Applications of ICs
Reference Book: 1. Principles of Electronics – V.K. Mehta
2. Basic Electronics – B.L.Theraja
3. Text Book of Applied Electronics – R. S. Sedha
4. Introduction to Electronics – A. Ambrose and T. Vincent Devaraj
CORE COURSE - X
PHYSICS PRACTICALS – III 1. Newton’s rings – Refractive index of a prism.
2. Spectrometer – i-d curve.
3. Spectrometer – i-i’ curve.
4. Spectrometer – Dispersive power of the material of the prism.
5. Spectrometer – Grating – Minimum deviation.
6. Spectrometer – Cauchy’s constants ( using grating by normal incidence).
7. M and H – absolute determination using deflection and vibration
magnetometer.
8. Field along the axis of the coil – Determination of M.
9. Potentiometer – EMF of a thermocouple.
10. Potentiometer – High range voltmeter calibration.
11. B.G. – Absolute capacity of a capacitor.
12. B.G. – Determination of co-efficient of Mutual inductance of a pair of coil.
13. Series Resonance Circuit – self inductance and quality factor of a coil.
14. Parallel Resonance Circuit – self inductance and quality factor of a coil.
Programming in ‘ C ’ :
(Any three programs)
1. Convert the given temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit /
Fahrenheit to Celsius.
2. Find the biggest / smallest number from the given array.
3. Ascending and Descending order of an array.
4. Factorial of N numbers.
5. Evaluation of a series ( Sin x and Log x only ).
Core Course – XI Practical – IV
ELECTRONICS
( Any SIX Experiments ) 1. Regulated Power Supply using Zener Diode-Percentage of regulation
2. Characteristics of a Transistor- CE configuration
3. FET- Characteristics
4. Single Stage R-C Coupled Transistor Amplifier
5. Tuned Collector Oscillator
6. Bistable Multivibrator
7. Operational amplifier (Adder and Subtractor)
8. Operational amplifier (Differentiator and Integrator)
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS ( Any SIX Experiments )
9. Basic and Derived Gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR and EX-OR)
using IC.
10. NAND and NOR as Universal Gates.
11. Verification of Laws of Boolean Algebra
12. Verification of De Morgan’s Theorem
13. Half- adder and Full adder using Logic Gates.
14. Half Subtractor and Full Subtractor using Logic Gates
15. Multiplexer using IC.
16. Demultiplexer using gates
Microprocessor 8085 (Any 3 experiments)
17. 8- bit addition and 8-bit subtraction
18. 8- bit multiplication and 8-bit division
19. Finding the largest and smallest of the given list of numbers
Major Based Elective- I
Numerical Methods and Statistics Unit – I : Measures of central tendency
Arithmetic mean- Discrete and continuous (Direct method only)- Merits and
demerits- Median- Discrete and continuous (direct method only)- merits and demerits-
Mode – Discrete series – Merits and demerits- Standard deviation – Discrete series(
Actual mean and assumed mean)- Merits and demerits.
Unit – II : Curve Fittings
Curve fitting- method of least squares- Fitting of a straight line- Fitting of
Parabola – Fitting of an exponential curve- Linear regression- regression co-efficient for
linear regression.
Unit –III : Solution of numerical ,algebraic, transcendental and differential
equation
Bisection method- Method of successive approximation- Regula falsi Method –
Newton Raphson Method- Taylor series method- Euler’s method- Improved Euler’s
method – Runge Kutta Meta Method(II &IV order)
Unit – IV : Finite Differences
First differences- difference table- properties of the forward , backward and
central difference operators- Linear interpolation- Newton forward interpolation
formula- Interpolation with unequal intervals- Lagrange’s interpolation formula( no
derivation)- Hermite’s, Bessel’s interpolating polynomials.
Unit – V : Numerical Integration
General quadrature formula for equi distant ordinates – Trapezoidal rule-
Simpson’s 1/3 rule and 3/8 rule- Practical applications – weddle’s rule – Gaussian
Quadrature formula- Gaussian quadrature(3 point) formula.
Books for study:
1. Statistics – Pillai R.S.N.Bagavthy V.
2. Numerical Methods - Singaravelu .A, Meenakshi Agency, Chennai.
3. Introductory methods of Numerical Analysis – Shastry S.S, Prentice ,Hall Ltd.,
4. Numerical Methods in science and Engineering – Vengatraman. M.K,(1977), National
Publishing Company, Chennai.
Core Course – XII Programming in ‘C’
Unit –I: Introduction Structure of ‘C’ – Fundamentals of C- Character set – Identifiers and key words- Data types- Constants- Variables- Declarations- Expressions-Symbolic Constants- Arithmetic Operators- Relational, Logical and Assignment Operators, Unary, Bitwise and Ternary Operators-Conditional Operators- Library function. Unit –II: I / O and control Statements Data input and output- getchar, putchar, scanf, printf, gets, puts functions- Control Statements-while, do…while, for nested loops, if …else, switch, break, continue and goto statements. Unit – III: Functions Basic functions-Return values and their types- Calling functions- Storage Students- Automatic variables- External Variables- Static Variables- Recursion. Structures and Union Structure definition- Array of Structures- Array Within Structures- Structures within Structures- Union. Unit-IV: Pointers Understanding Pointers - Accessing the address of the Variable- Declaring and Initializing Pointers - Accessing a variable through Pointers - Pointers and arrays. Files Sequential access files- Defining and Opening a file- Closing a file – Input / output operations on files- Random access to files. Unit –V: Programs
Development of algorithm, flow chart and program for the following problems
1. Area of Circle, Square, Cylinder and Sphere
2. Centigrade to Fahrenheit and Fahrenheit to Centigrade conversion
3. Average of a set of numbers
4. To print all odd / even numbers up to N
5. To print sum of squares of odd / even numbers up to N
6. Finding the largest and smallest element in an array.
7. Finding the factorial of a given number.
8. Solving Quadratic equation.
9. Sorting a set of numbers in Ascending / Descending order.
10. Sorting the given string in Alphabetic order.
11. To add / Subtract two matrices..
Books for Study:
1. Programming in C – E. Balagurusamy- Tata MCGraw Hill Pub. Co.
2. Programming with C – Venugopal, K. R. and Sudep, R. P – Tata Mc Graw
Hill Pub. Co.
Reference Book:
1. Programming with C – Byron S Gottifried – Schaum’ S outline Series,
Tata Mc Graw Hill Pub. Co..
2. Let us C - Yashvant Kanetkar – BPB Publications.
Major Based Elective - II
Atomic and Solid State Physics
Unit – I: The Vector Atom Model – Quantum Numbers Associated with the Vector Atom
Model-Coupling Schemes-Pauli Exclusion Principle-Periodic Classification of Elements-
Magnetic dipole moment due to orbital motion of the electron-Magnetic Dipole
moment due to spin-Stern and Gerlach Experiment.
Unit- II:
Optical Spectra-Spectral terms and notation-Selection rules- intensity rules and
interval rule- Fine Structure of sodium D line- Zeeman effect- Larmor’s Theorem-
Debye’s quantum mechanical explanation of normal Zeeman Effect- Anomalous Zeeman
effect- Paschen- Back effect- Stark effect.
Unit – III:
Bonding in Solids:
Basic explanation and Properties of Bonds in Crystals- Ionic, Covalent, Metallic bonds
and Hydrogen bond
Elementary Crystallography:
Lattice points- Space lattice- Basis- unit cell- Primitive cell- Seven classes of
crystals and Bravais lattices- Structure of Crystals- Simple Cubic, Body Centered Cubic-
Face Centered Cubic- Simple Cubic Structure – Sodium Chloride- Miller indices-
Procedure for finding Miller indices.
Unit – IV : Defects and Dislocations in Crystals
Qualitative explanation of Point defects- Line defects- Surface defects- Volume
defects.
X-Ray Diffraction
Bragg’s law- X-ray diffraction methods to determine Crystal Structure- Laue
method -Powder Method- Rotating Crystal Method.
Unit – V : Types of Magnetic Materials
Different types of Magnetic Materials – Classical theory of Diamagnetism
(Langevin’s theory) - Langevin’s theory of Paramagnetism- Weiss theory of
Paramagnetism- Qualitative explanation of Heisenberg’s interpretation on internal field
and Quantum theory of Ferromagnetism.
Books for Study: 1. Modern Physics – R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Sivaprasath (S. Chand & Co. 14
th
revised MULTICOLOUR Edition 2008)
2. Modern Physics – R. Murugeshan (S. Chan & Co.2006)
3. Solid State Physics – M. Arumugam (Anuradha Agencies)
4. Solid State Physics – Guptha & Kumar (K. Nath & Co. Meerut)
Major Based Elective -III
Renewable Energy Physics
Unit – I : Solar Radiation
Structure of the sun- solar constant- solar radiation at the earth’s surface (Beam
and Diffused radiation) – basic earth sun angles- derived solar angles- Estimation of solar
time.
Unit – II : Solar Collectors
Flat- Plat Collector general description- thermal losses and efficiency- General
Characteristics of flat plate collector- Evaluation of over all loss Coefficient- solar air
heaters- types of air heaters –Focusing type solar collectors and general characteristics.
Unit – III : Application Of Solar Energy in every day life
1.Crop driers
2.Solar thermal power generation
3.Solar furnace
4.Water desalination
5.Solar photo voltaic power generation- solar cell- principles and IV
characteristics
6.Solar cooker(Box type only)
Unit- IV : Renewable energy sources
Bio mass- Photo synthesis- wind energy- ocean thermal energy- open and closed
cycle- tidal energy- geothermal energy.(basic ideas only).
Unit – V : Energy Storage
Thermal storage- sensible heat storage-latent heat storage- water storage-
electrical storage- chemical storage.
Books for study:
1. Solar energy utilization – G.D. Rai
2. Solar energy- S.P. Sukhatme tata Mcgraw Hill Puplisher Company
3. Energy Physics- K.Karupannan, V.N.Suganthi
ALLIED COURSE–I
ALLIED PHYSICS-I
Unit I: Properties of Matter and Mechanics
Stress – Strain – Different Moduli of Elasticity – Relation between the Elastic
Moduli-Bending of Beam – Expression for bending moment – Determination of Young’s
modulus by Uniform and Non – Uniform bending (Koenig’s method)
Centre of Gravity – Determination of center of gravity of solid hemisphere –
solid cone.
Unit II: Thermal Physics
Thermometry - Types of Thermometers – centigrade and Fahrenheit scales –
Relation between Celsius, Kelvin, Fahrenheit – Platinum resistance Thermometer –
Newton’s law of cooling - Determination of specific heat capacity of a liquid by cooling
– Black body – Stefan’s law – Distribution of energy in the spectrum of the black body.
Unit III: Semiconductor Physics
Theory of energy band in crystals – Distinction between conductors, Insulators,
and Semi conductors – Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors –Junction Diode – zener
Diode – zener diode as voltage regulator.
Unit IV: Transistors
PNP and NPN transistor - Transistor action - DC Characteristics of CE and CB
configuration - CE transistor amplifier – FET - N channel and P channel FET –
Performance – Characteristics - Common Source FET amplifier - Comparison of
Transistor and FET.
Unit V: Digital Electronics
Number Systems – Conversions – Binary: Addition, Subtraction , Multiplication,
Division-8421 Code-BCD Code – Excess 3 code – Gray code - Binary to Gray and Gray
to Binary conversion – ASCII code – Basic and Derivative Gates : AND, OR, NOT,
NAND, NOR, EX-OR – NAND & NOR as Universal gates.
Books for Study:
1 .Properties of Matter- R. Murugesan
2. Heat and Thermodynamics – Brijlal and Subrahmanyam
3. Digital Principles and their Applications – Malvino Leach Tata McGraw Hill
4. Allied Physics Paper I - A. Sundravelusamy
5. Allied Physics Paper II - A. Sundravelusamy
ALLIED COURSE II
Allied Physics Practical (any 12)
1. Non- Uniform bending- Pin and Microscope
2. Surface Tension of a liquid – Drop Weight Method
3. Interfacial Surface Tension of a liquid – Drop Weight Method
4. Co efficient of Viscosity- Graduated Burette Method
5. Specific heat capacity of liquid by cooling method
6. Thermal conductivity of a bad conductor – Lee’s disc
7. Verification of Truth Tables of Logic Gates (AND,OR, NOT, NAND, NOR &
EX-OR) using IC.
8. Spectrometer – refractive index of Solid Prism (A, D & )
9. Verification of Demorgans theorem
10. Sonometer – Verification of first Two laws
11. Carey Foster’s Bridge – Specific Resistance
12. Metre Bridge – Determination of Specific Resistance
13. Characteristics of Zener Diode.
14. Half Adder and Half Subtractor using Gates
15. Potentiometer – Calibration of low range voltmeter
ALLIED COURSE– III
ALLIED PHYSICS-III
Unit- I: Electrostatics
Coulomb’s inverse square Law – Gauss Theorem and its proof – Field due to a
charged sphere - Field at a point due to a charged cylinder.
Capacitance - Capacity of a conductor – Energy of a charged capacitor – Loss of
energy due to sharing of charge between two charged conductors – Capacitors connected
in series and parallel.
Unit-II Current Electricity and Nuclear Physics
Ohm’s Law - Kirchhoff’s Law - Wheatstone Bridge - Meter Bridge - Carey
faster’s bridge - measurement of specific resistance – Potentiometer - calibration
of low range voltmeter. Nucleus – Nuclear Size - Charge - Mass and Spin – shell model - particle detector
- G. M Counter - Nuclear fission and fusion.
Unit – III: Opto-Electronic Devices
Photo Electric Effect - Laws of Photo Electric Emission – Photo Conduction-
Photo diode-Photo transistor -– LED – Construction – Working - LCD - Solar cell –
Working –Characteristics-Uses.
Unit –IV: Operational Amplifier
Ideal Op-Amp – Op-Amp Parameters (Qualitatively): Input offset voltage, Input
impedance, Output impedance, CMRR, Slew Rate – Inverting – Non inverting Amplifier
– Adder – Subtractor – Differentiator –Integrator.
Unit –V: Boolean algebra
Basic laws of Boolean algebra – De Morgan’s theorem – Verification of Boolean
expression using Boolean laws – Half adder – Full adder – Half subtractor – Full
sub tractor (using basic gates) – Encoder – Decimal to BCD encoder – Decoder – BCD to
decimal decoder.
Books for Study and Reference:
1. Electricity and Magnetism – Brijlal and Subrahmanyam.
2. Modern Physics – Murughesan. S
3. Allied Physics II – A. Sundravelusamy
4. Digital Principles and
their applications – Malvino & Leach
5. Applied Physics II - A. Sundravelusamy
APPLIED COURSE – I
Applied Physics-I
Unit – I : Electrostatics
Gauss theorem- applications- Electric Intensity at a point due to a charged sphere-
Electric intensity at a point due to an uniformly charged cylinder- Principle of a
Capacitor- Capacitance of a spherical and cylindrical capacitor- Energy of a charged
capacitor- Energy loss due to sharing of charges.
Unit – II : Magnetostatics
Magnetic field – Magnetic flux density- Permeability- Susceptibility- Relation
between them- Magnetic potential- Intensity of Magnetization- Relation between
Potential and intensity- Potential due to a Dipole – Magnetic shell- Potential at a point
due to a magnetic shell- Properties of Dia, Para and Ferro magnetic materials.
Unit –III : Current Electricity
Laplace’s law- Magnetic field at a point due to a straight conductor carrying
current- magnetic field at a point on the axis of a circular coil- force between two
conductors carrying current- Standard unit of current- Kirchhoff’s law- Applications of
Kirchoff’s laws to Wheatstone’s bridge- Carey foster’s bridge.
Unit – IV : Electromagnetic Induction
Laws of electro magnetic induction – Expression for induced EMF- Expression
for self inductance of a solenoid- Self inductance by Raleigh’s method- Mutual induction
– Coefficient of coupling- Absolute determination of M (BG).
Unit – V : Alternating Current
Root mean square (RMS) value of an alternating current- Average value of an
alternating current- Alternating EMF applied to a circuit containing Land R, C and R,
LCR- Parallel and series resonant circuits- Q factor- Sharpness of resonance- Wattless
current – Choke.
Books for study and Reference:
1. Applied Physics paper I - A.Sundrtavelusamy, Priya Publications, Karur,
Tamilnadu.
2. Electricity and Magnetism – Brijlal and subrahmanyam, Ratan Prakashan Mandir,
New Delhi, 1995.
3. Electricity and Magnetism- Narayanamurthi and Nagarathinam, The National
Publishing Company,Madras,1994.
4. Electricity and Magnetism- D. L. Sehgal and K. L. Chopra, Sultan Chand and
Sons, New Delhi,1996.
APPLIED COURSE – II
Applied Physics Practical (any 13)
1. Semi Conductor diode- Characteristics
2. Zener diode- Characteristics
3. FET- Characteristics
4. Transistor- Characteristics in CE configuration
5. Field along the axis of a Coil- Determination of M.
6. Potentiometer – Measurement of Resistance
7. Potentiometer – Low range Voltmeter Calibration
8. Potentiometer- Low range Ammeter Calibration
9. Carey Foster’s Bridge- Specific Resistance.
10. Verification of De-morgan’s Theorem.
11. Series resonance circuit
12. Parallel resonance circuit
13. Single stage RC Coupled Amplifier
14. FET Amplifier (Common Source)
15. Half –Adder and Half –Subtractor using IC
16. Adder and Subtractor using Op-Amp.
17. Logic Gates ( AND,OR, NOT, NAND, NOR and EX-OR) Using IC.
APPLIED COURSE III
Applied Physics-III
Unit I: Semiconductor Physics
Theory of energy bands in crystals- Distinction between conductors, Insulators
and Semiconductors – Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors – Junction diode – zener
diode – zener diode as voltage Regulator – PN Junction Diode as Rectifier – half wave
Rectifier- Full wave Rectifiers – (center tap) only.
Unit II: Transistors PNP and NPN Transistors – CE Configuration – Transistor amplifier-
Classification of amplifiers Class A, Class B, Class C- Push–Pull amplifier - Condition
for oscillations - Hartly Oscillator (Construction & working)-FET: N channel and P
channel- Characteristics of FET .
Unit III: Lasers and Opto-Electronic Devices Basic concepts of Stimulated emission – Population Inversion and Meta Stable
state – He –Ne Laser
Photo electric effect – Laws of photo electric emission – Applications – Photo
Transistors LED – Seven Segment Display – LCD
Unit IV: Operational Amplifiers The basics of Operational Amplifier – Inverting and Non-inverting Operational
Amplifier –CMRR – Basic uses of Operational Amplifier as sign and scale changer,
Phase shifter – Adder – Subtractor – Comparator – Integrator – Differentiator.
Unit V: IC Fabrication Basics of IC – Merits & Demerits of ICs - SSI, MSI, LSI & VLSI –Basic
Monolithic Integrated circuit Fabrication Processes- Epitaxial Growth-Masking and
Etching–Transistor for Monolithic circuits
Books for Study and Reference:
1. Electronics - Theraja.
2. Applied physics Paper II - A. Sundravelusamy Priya
Publicationns Karur, Tamil nadu.
3. Modern Physics - R. Murugesan
4. Principles of Electronics – V. K. Metha & Rohit Metha S.Chand
5. Integrated Electronics – Jacob Millman Christos C. Halkias
NON-MAJOR ELECTIVE - I
LASER PHYSICS
Unit I: Light
Electromagnetic Spectrum-Light-Rectilinear propagation of light-
Laws of Reflection and Refraction – Dispersion –Interference-Diffraction-
Polarization-Scattering (Basic definitions only).
Unit II: Basics of Laser
LASER – Characteristics - Energy levels - Spontaneous emission -
Stimulated emission – Einstein’s Co-efficient -Population Inversion - Active
medium – Pumping - Optical resonator - Meta Stable State –Levels of
Laser.
Unit III: LASER Types
Types of LASER - Ruby LASER - Helium-Neon LASER-Co2
LASER – Nd:YAG LASER – Semiconductor LASER.
Unit IV: Applications
1. Surgical
2. Metallurgical
3. Military
4. Physical
BOOKS FOR STUDY:
1. A Text Book of Optics – Brijlal and Subrahmanyam
2. An Introduction to LASERS
Theory and Applications – M. N. Avadhanulu
NON-MAJOR ELECTIVE-II
SOLAR ENERGY
Unit I : Structure of Sun
Thermonuclear reactions- Structure of Sun- Solar Constant- Electromagnetic
Spectrum- Beam and diffuse radiations- Basic Earth Sun angles- Determination of Solar
time.
Unit II : Solar Collectors
Liquid flat plate Collector- Air Collector- General Characteristics of Flat plate
Collectors- Focusing Collectors- General Characteristics of Focusing Collectors.
Unit III : Photo Voltaic Power
Principle of Photo Voltaic Power - Photo voltaic Effect- Solar Cell- Types of
Solar Cells- Applications of Solar Cells.
Unit IV : Applications of Solar Energy Utilization
1) Crop Drier
2) Solar Cooker
3) Solar Pumping
4) Solar Distillation(Solar Stills)
5) Solar Green Houses
Books for Reference and Study:
1) Solar Energy utilization- G. D. Rai.
2) Solar Energy- Sukhatme
.