department of physics - patkaicollege.edu.in · (in semester end examination a student has to...

Patkai Christian College 1

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

PHYSICS SYLLABUS FOR BACHELOR OF SCIENCE

In three years (six semesters) Bachelor of Science course, the subject physics is offered as

pass course as well as honours course. Pass course students will study total six papers. Honours

students will study six extra papers and hence total 12 papers. In each semester continuous internal

assessment is carried out and at the end of each semester, final examination (both theory and

practical) is conducted. (Ref.: academic rules)

Mark distribution:

Each theory paper carries 70 marks and practical paper carries 30 marks. Continuous

internal assessment carries 20 marks in theory and 10 marks in practical. Final examination in each

semester carries 50 marks in theory and 20 marks in practical.

Credits and Contact hours: Each pass and honours course theory paper is of 4 credits and practical

paper is of 1 credit. Each theory paper is of 60 contact hours and each practical paper is of 30

contact hours.


Distribution of Courses/Papers:

1. B. Sc. Pass Course

Semester Course Code Course Title Type of

Course Marks Credit

I PHY(P&H)101 Mechanics, Properties of Matter

Theory 70 4

PHY(PR)101 Physics Practical-1 Practical 30 1

II PHY(P&H)102 Thermal Physics, Relativity Theory 70 4


III PHY(P&H)205 Electricity & Magnetism,

Waves & Acoustics

Theory 70 4


IV PHY(P&H)206 Electronics-I,

Quantum Mechanics-I

Theory 70 4


V PHY(P&H)309 Optics &Laser,

Solid State Physics-I

Theory 70 4


VI PHY(P&H)310 Atomic Physics & Molecular

Physics ,Nuclear Physics

Theory 70 4



1. B. Sc. Honours Course

Semester Course Code Course Title Type of

Course Marks Credits

I PHY(P&H)101 Mechanics and Properties of Matter Theory 70 4


PHY(H)103 Mathematical Physics-I Theory 70 4

PHY(PR)103 Computational Physics

(Physics Practical-3)

Practical 30 1

II PHY(P&H)102 Thermal Physics, Relativity Theory 70 4


PHY(H)104 Mathematical Physics-II, Statistical

Physics

theory 70 4

PHY(PR)104 Physics Practical-4 practical 30 1

III PHY(P&H)205 Electricity & Magnetism,

Waves & Acoustics

Theory 70 4


PHY(H)207 Mathematical Physics-III, Classical

Mechanics

Theory 70 4


IV PHY(P&H)206 Electronics-I, Quantum Mechanics-I Theory 70 4


PHY(H)208 Mathematical Physics-IV,

Electromagnetic Theory

Theory 70 4


V PHY(P&H)309 Optics &Laser,

Solid State Physics-I

Theory 70 4


PHY(H)311 Electronics-II,

Quantum Mechanics-II

Theory 70 4

PHY(H)311 Physics Practical-11 Practical 30 1

VI PHY(P&H)310 Atomic & Molecular Physics, Nuclear

Physics

Theory 70 4


PHY(H)312 Particle Physics, Solid State Physics-

II, Astrophysics

Theory 70 4

PHY(H)312 Physics Practical-12/Project Practical 30 1


Course Code: PHY (P&H) 101 Credit: 04

Course Title: Mechanics and Properties of Matter Contact Hour: 60

Mark: 70 (CIA - 20marks, SEE - 50marks)

Type of questions:

(i) 10 mark questions - 04 questions to be answered out of 06 questions

(ii) 05 mark questions - 02 questions to be answered out of 03 questions

Mechanics (Contact Hour 40)

Unit 1.1: Unit, Dimensions and Vectors CH - 05

SI units and dimensions, principle of dimensional homogeneity, axial and polar vectors,

scalar and vector triple products, scalar and vector fields-defination of gradient, divergence

and curl, statements of Gauss divergence and Stoke’s theorem .

Unit 1.2: Mechanics CH - 10

Laws of motion, Conservative and non-conservative forces. Force fields, motion in a uniform

field, components of velocity and acceleration in different coordinate systems, uniformly

rotating frame, centripetal acceleration, Coriolis force and its applications, system of

particles, centre of mass, equation of motion, conservation of linear and angular

momentum, conservation of energy, single-stage and multistage rockets.

Unit 1.3: Gravitation CH - 07

Motion under a central force, Kepler’s law, Gravitational potential and field, Potential due to

a spherical body, Gauss and Poisson equations .

Unit 1.4: Dynamics of Rigid bodies CH - 08

Rigid body motion : rotational motion, moment of inertia (MI), radius of gyration, physical

significance of M.I, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, calculation of M.I. for ring,

disc ,annular ring ,cylinder ,sphere and rectangular lamina

Unit1.5: Oscillation: CH - 10

Simple harmonic motion (SHM), Differential equation of SHM and its solution, kinetic and

potential energy, examples of simple harmonic oscillations, Bar pendulum, Kater’s

pendulum-Bessel’s modified time period, torsional pendulum, oscillations of two masses

connected by a spring. Superposition of two simple harmonic motions of the same

frequency along the same line, interference, superposition of two mutually perpendicular

simple harmonic vibrations of the same frequency, Lissajous figures.


Properties of Matter (Contact Hour 20)

Unit 2.1: Properties of Solid CH - 08

Hooke’s law, elastic constants and interrelation amongst them, torsion of a cylinder,

bending of beam, bending moment, Cantilever (ineffective weight).

Unit 2.2: Properties of Liquid CH - 12

Surface tension, relation between surface tension and surface energy, excess pressure on a

curved liquid surface, capillarity and Jurin’s law. Streamline and turbulent flow, Critical

velocity, Reynolds number. Equation of continuity, Bernoulli’s theorem, viscosity, Stoke’s

law terminal velocity, Poiseuille’s law.

Suggested Books:

Properties of Matter – F H Newman (Orient Longman)

1. Berkeley Physics Course, Vol. 1 – E. M. Purcell (McGraw Hill International)

2. Mechanics – D. S. Mathur (S. Chand)

3. Elements of Properties of Matter – D. S. Mathur (S. Chand)

Course Code: PHY (PR) 101 Credit: 01

Course Title: Physics Practical-1 Contact Hour:

30(minimum)

Mark : 30 (CIA-10 marks, SEE - 20marks)

(in semester end examination a student has to perform one experiment in three hours)

1. To determine the acceleration due to gravity by Bar pendulum

2. To determine the moment of inertia of a body using Torsional pendulum

3. To determine the modulus of rigidity of the material by the statical method.

4. Determine the co-efficient of viscosity of water by capillary method

5. To determine the surface tension of liquid by Jaeger’s method

6. To determine the surface tension of liquid by capillary rise method (to verify Jurin’s

law).

1. To determine the Poisson’s coefficient of rubber.

Suggested Books:

1. Practical Physics – C. L. Arora (S. Chand)

2. A Text book of Advanced Practical Physics-S. K. Gosh ( NCBA Publication)

3. B.Sc Practical Physics – Harnam. Singh ( S. Chand Publication)

4. Practical Physics - K. G. Majumdar

* * *


Course Code: PHY (P & H) 102 Credit: 04 Course Title: Thermal Physics, Theory of Relativity Contact Hour: 60 Mark : 70 (CIA - 20marks, SEE - 50marks)

Type of questions:

(i) 10 mark questions-04 questions to be answered out of 06 questions

(ii) 05 mark questions-02 questions to be answered out of 03 questions

Thermal Physics (Contact Hour-45)

Unit 1.1: Kinetic Theory of Gases CH -15

Ideal gas, Postulates of kinetic theory of ideal gas, Pressure exerted by a gas, Maxwell's law

of distribution of velocities (Qualitative discussion) and its experimental verification, degree

of freedom and law of equipartition of energy (qualitative discussion), application for finding

ratio of molar sp. heat for monoatomic, diatomic and tri-atomic gas, adiabatic expansion of

ideal gas and application to atmospheric physics. Molecular collision, mean free path,

collision cross section, estimates of molecular diameter and mean free path, transport

phenomena-viscosity, conduction and diffusion, dependence on temperature and pressure,

Brownian motion

Unit 1. 2: Real Gas CH - 07

Deviation from the ideal gas equation, Andrew's experiments, Van der Wall's equation.

Critical constants and law of corresponding states, liquefaction of gases – Boyle

temperature and temperature inversion, regenerative and cascade cooling, liquefaction of

H2 and He.

Unit 1.3: Laws of Thermodynamics CH - 06

Zeroth

and first law of thermodynamics. Isothermal and adiabatic processes, Reversible and

irreversible processes, Conversion of heat into work, Carnot’s cycle, Carnot theorem,

Second law of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic scale of temperature and its relation to

perfect gas scale. Entropy, Entropy in reversible and irreversible processes, the principle of

increase of entropy.

Unit 1.4: Thermodynamic Energy Function CH - 09

Internal energy functions, enthalpy, Helmholtz’s function, Gibb’s function, study and

conclusions from above functions, Maxwell thermodynamical relations and their

applications-specific heat equation, Clausius-Clapeyron’s equation, Joule Thompson

cooling, Experimental demonstration of Joule-Thompson (J-T) effect, derivation of J-T

coefficient, J-T effect for ideal gas and real gas,. Gibb’s phase rule (qualitative discussion),

triple point.

Unit 1.5: Black Body Radiation CH - 08

Pure temperature dependence, Stefan-Boltzmann law, spectral distribution of black body

radiation, Wien’s displacement law, Rayleigh-Jean’s law, ultraviolet catastrophe, Planck’s

quantum hypothesis, Planck’s law.

Suggested Books:

1. A Treatise on Heat – Saha and Srivastava

2. Heat and Thermodynamics – Zemansky (McGraw Hill)

3. Heat – P. K. Chakraborty (Hindustan Publication)

4. Heat and Thermodynamics-Brij Lal & Subramaniyam (S. Chand)


Relativity (Contact Hour-15)

Unit 2.1: The Relativistic Transformation CH - 07

Reference system, inertial and non-inertial frames, Newtonian relativity, Galilean

transformations, Michelson-Morley experiment and its outcome, Postulates of special

theory of relativity, Lorentz transformation, Length contraction and time dilation, twin

paradox (description only), Einstein’s addition of velocities, Doppler’s effect in light.

Unit 2.2: Relativistic Dynamics

CH - 08

Variation of mass with velocity, mass-energy equivalence, relativistic momentum and

energy, conservation of relativistic energy, Minkowski World.

Suggested Books:

1. Introduction to Special Relativity, R. Resnick, (Wiley India Pvt Ltd)

2. Introduction to Mechanics, Mahendra K. Verma, (Universities Press)

3. Modern Physics, Murugeshan & Sivaprasath, (S.Chand & Company Ltd)

* * *

Course Code: PHY (PR) 102 Credits: 01

Course Title: Physics Practical-2 Contact

Hour: 30

Mark: 30 (CIA - 10 marks, SEE – 20 marks)

(In semester end examination a student has to perform one experiment in three hours)

1. To determine the specific heat of liquid by the method of cooling.

2. Determine the thermal conductivity of a bad conductor by Lee’s method.

3. To determine the linear expansion of solid.

4. To draw the temperature vs. thermo electric current curve of a thermocouple.

5. Determine the Stefan’s constant by Bulb-Filament method.

6. Determination of solar constant or temperature of an oven through radiation

measurement

7. To determine the coefficient of increase of pressure of air at constant volume.

Suggested Books:





* * *


Course Code: PHY (H) 103 Credit: 04

Course Title: Mathematical Physics-I Contact Hour: 60

Mark: 70 (CIA - 20 marks, SEE – 50 marks)

Type of questions: 10 mark questions (5 questions to be answered out of 8 questions)

Mathematical Physics (Contact Hour - 60)

Unit 1.1: Vectors CH - 15

Definition of field, scalar and vector fields, Gradient of a scalar field and its physical and

mathematical interpretation, divergence and curl of a vector field and their physical and

mathematical interpretation. Line, surface and volume integrals, Gauss’s divergence

theorem, Stokes theorem, Green’s theorem and their applications.

Unit 1.2: Curvilinear Coordinates CH - 15

General curvilinear coordinates, curvilinear surfaces and lines, orthogonal curvilinear co-

ordinates, unit vectors in curvilinear coordinates, expression of arc length and volume

element, gradient, divergence and curl in curvilinear coordinates, cylindrical coordinates,

spherical polar coordinates, expression of unit vectors and scale factors in cylindrical and

spherical polar coordinates, expression of volume element, gradient, divergence and curl in

cylindrical and spherical polar coordinates.

Unit 1.3: Matrices CH - 15

Brief review of addition, multiplication, transpose and conjugate transpose, adjoint and

inverse, rank of a matrix, Special matrices: Singular, symmetric and skew symmetric,

Hermitian and skew Hermitian, orthogonal and unitary matrices. solution of linear algebric

equations by matrix method, calculation of eigen values and eigenvectors of a square

matrix, eigen value and eigen vectors of hermitian and unitary matrices, Caley Hamilton

theorem and its application, digonalization of symmetric matrix, examples.

Unit 1.4: Numerical Technique CH 15

Interpolation- least square straight line fitting, differentiation by Lagrange interpolation,

integration-trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule, solution of quadratic equations, solution of

simultaneous linear equations-Gaussian elimination method, solution of differential

equation by Runge-Kutta Method. (Rules and theorems are not to be derived. Rules and

theorems are to be used for problem solving only)

Suggested Books:

1. Vector – Schaum’s Series (Tata McGraw Hill)

2. Matrix – Schaum’s Series (Tata McGraw Hill)

3. Introduction to Mathematical Physics – C. Harper

4. Mathematical Physics – H. K. Dass (S. Chand)

5. Mathematical Physics – B. S. Rajput

6. Vector and Matrices in Physics – M. C. Jain (Narosa)

7. Numerical Analysis – V. Rajaraman (Wiley Eastern)

8. Introductory methods of Numerical Analysis – S. Sastry (Prentice Hall)

* * *


Course Code: PHY (PR) 103

Credits: 01

Course Title: Computational Physics Contact Hour: 30

Mark : 30 (CIA - 10marks, SEE - 20marks)

(Before starting the practicals an introduction of C programming should be given. In

semester end examination a student has to perform one experiment in three hours.)

Computer Programming in C

1. To find the roots of a quadratic equation (real and imaginary).

2. Addition and subtraction of two matrices.

3. To find the product of two matrices.

4. To solve simultaneous linear equations.

5. To fit the given set of data through a straight line.

6. Differentiation by Lagrange interpolation.

7. Integration by trapezoidal rule.

8. Integration by Simpson’s rule.

Suggested Books:

1. Programming in C-Balagurusamy (Tata McGraw Hill)

2. Theory and Problems of Programming with C – Gottfried (Tata McGraw Hill)

* * *

Course Code: PHY (H) 104 Credit: 04

Course Title: Mathematical Physics-II, Statistical Physics

Contact hour: 60

Mark: 70 (CIA-20marks, SEE - 50marks)

Type of questions -10 mark questions (5 questions to be answered out of 8 questions)

Mathematical Physics (Contact Hour-17)

Unit 1.1: Beta and Gamma function CH - 07

Definition of Gamma function, recursion formula, beta function, different forms of beta

function. Dirac’s delta function.

Unit 1.2: Statistics & Probability CH - 10

Definition of statistics, sample data, variable, frequency distribution, average, variance,

errors. Definition of probability, fundamental theorem of probability (without proof),

probability distribution functions, Binomial, Poisson, Gaussian (Normal) distribution,

approximation of Binomial distribution to normal distribution.

Suggested Books:

(1) Theory and Problems of Statistics – Murray S. Spiegel (Schaum’s Series)

(2) Elements of Probability and Statistics – Elmer B. Mode

(3) Mathematical Physics – H. K. Dass (S. Chand)

(4) Mathematical Physics-B. S. Rajput


Statistical Physics (Contact Hour - 43)

Unit 2.1: Statistical Basis of Thermodynamics

CH - 03

Need of Statistical Physics, distinguishable and indistinguishable particles, macrostate and

microstate, thermodynamic probability, principle of equal priori probability, most probable

state, accessible and inaccessible states.

Unit 2.2: Phase Space Representation

CH - 06

Phase space, density of states, its division into energy cells, phase cells of arbitrary size in

classical physics, setting phase cell size as Planck’s constant in quantum physics, one

dimensional oscillator, free particles, average properties of the system in equilibrium state.

Unit 2.3: Bridge with Thermodynamics

CH - 05

Thermal equilibrium between two systems, beta parameter and its identity with (kT)-1

,

probability and entropy, Boltzmann entropy relation, statistical interpretation of the second

law of thermodynamics, law of Equipartion of energy.

Unit 2.4: Classical Statistics or M-B Statistics CH - 12

Maxwell–Boltzman energy distribution law for system of gas molecules of an ideal gas,

Maxwell–Boltzman distribution of speeds in an ideal gas and its applications, Partition

function and its relation with thermodynamic quantities, Gibbs paradox, experimental

verification of Maxwell–Boltzman distribution of molecular speeds.

Suggested Books:

(1) Statistical Mechanics-K. K. Huang

(2) Heat and Thermodynamics – Brijlal & Subrahmanyam (S. Chand)

* * *

Course Code: PHY (PR) 104 Credit : 01

Course Title: Physics practical-4 Contact

hour: 30

Mark: 30 (CIA-10marks, SEE - 20marks)

Laboratory Experiments


1. Computer programming in C to find AM and SD of a given set of data.

2. Study of Binomial distribution and its Normal approximation using ten identical

coins (students may use MS-Excel).

3. Study of Poisson distribution of defective tools (slide calipers / screw gauge)

taking a sample of 10 tools randomly (students may use MS-Excel).

4. Determine the value of J by Callender and Barne’s method


5. Determine the Stefan’s constant by black body radiation method

6. Determine the boiling point of a liquid by Platinum resistance thermometer.

7. Determination of J by Joule’s calorimeter.

Suggested Books:





Course Code: PHY (P & H) 205

Course Title: Electricity & Magnetism, Waves & Sound

Credit: 04 Contact Hour: 60

Mark: 70 (CA-20 marks, Semester End Exam -50marks)

Type of Questions



Electricity & Magnetism(Contact hour-40)

Unit1.1: Coulomb’s law and Gauss’s Theorem CH 14

Coulomb law, electric field and potential-uniform distributions of charges (spherical, disc,

linear), dipole and quadruple. Work done on a charge in an electrostatic field expressed as a

line integrals, conservative nature of the electrostatic fields, electric potential, Φ∇−=rr

E ,

potential energy-system of charges and spherical charge distribution, Torque on a dipole in

a uniform electric field and its energy. Electric flux, Gauss’s theorem and its application for

field (E) due to spherical symmetric charge distribution, straight wire, electric field at the

surface of a conductor.

Unit 1.2: Dielectrics and Capacitors CH 5

Polar and non-polar molecules, atomic polarizibility, induced dipole moment, polarization

vector, Gauss’ law in dielectrics and displacement vector, Parallel plate capacitor, spherical

and cylindrical capacitors, parallel capacitor with dielectrics, energy stored in a capacitor.

Unit 1.3: Magnetostatics CH 8

Force on a moving charge, Lorentz force equation and definition of B, force on a straight

conductor carrying current in a uniform magnetic fields, torque on a current loop, magnetic

dipole moment, angular momentum, gyro magnetic ratio.

Biot-Savart’s law and its application (magnetic field induction at the axis of circular loop and

due to solenoid), Ampere’s law and its application (field due to solenoid and toroid),

JBBrrrrr

0,0. µ=×∇=∇ , magnet dipole and field due to a magnetic dipole.

Unit 1.4: Electromagnetic Induction & Electromagnetic Waves CH 6


Faraday’s law-integral and differential forms, self and mutual inductance, transformers,

magnetic energy of coupled circuits, energy in a static magnetic field. EM wave-equation of

continuity, Maxwell's modification of Ampere's law, Displacement current, Maxwell's wave

equations and physical significance, plane wave equation and solution

Unit 1.5: Electric current CH 7

Steady current-current density J, equation of continuity, transient phenomena in DC - rise

and decay in LR and CR circuits, decay constants, transients in LCR circuits. Alternating

current-complex impedance and reactance, phasor algebra, LCR series and parallel circuits,

resonance, Q factor, power dissipation and power factor.

Suggested Books

1. Electricity and Magnetism-Ed. E.M. Purcell (McGraw-Hill).

2. Halliday and Resnik-'Physics', Vol.2.

3. Electromagnetics - B.B Laud (New Age International)

4. Electricity and Magnetism - A S Mahajan & A A Rangwala (Tata McGraw-Hill)

Waves & Sound (Contact hour-20)

Unit 2.1: Waves Motion & Vibrations CH 04

Mathematical representation of progressive waves, differential equation of wave motion

and its solution. Free vibration, damped vibration, forced vibration, resonance and

sharpness of resonance.

Unit 2.2: Waves in Media, Superposition of Waves CH 08

Speed of transverse waves on a uniform string, harmonics in plucked, struck, idea of bowed

string , Helmholtz law, speed of longitudinal waves in a fluid, energy density and energy


transmission in waves, dispersion in waves, idea of group velocity and phase velocity.

Superposition of waves-linear homogeneous equation and the superposition principle,

standing waves as normal modes of bounded systems

Unit 2.3: Sound Waves in Media CH 04

Newton’s formula & Laplace correction, Effect of density, pressure, temperature, moisture

& wind on the velocity of sound, Kundt’s tube & its application, Reflection, refraction and

diffraction of sound, interference of sound, beats.

Unit 2.4: Acoustics and Ultrasonic CH 04

Harmonics and the quality of sound, recording and reproduction of sounds in ferromagnetic

tape, the acoustics of halls, reverberation period, Sabine’s formula. Production and

detection of ultrasonic waves and their applications, Doppler’s principle & its effect,

principle of a sonar system.

Suggested Books

1. A text book on waves & Acoustics - Chakkrabarti & Choudhury

2. A text on Oscillations, Waves & Acoustics -Ghosh & Bhattacharya (S Chand)

3. A text book sound - M Ghosh ( S Chand & co)

***********************************************************

Course Code: PHY (PR) 205 Credit : 01 ,

Course Title: Physics practical-5 Contact hour: 30(minimum)

Mark : 30 (CA-10marks, End Sem - 20marks)



1. Determine the resistance per unit length of a wire by Carey Foster’s method.

2. Determine the magnitude of a low resistance by potentiometer.

3. Determine the current in an external circuit by potentiometer.

4. Comparison of low resistances by drop of potential method using Meter Bridge.


5. Verify inverse square law in magnetism.

6. To study the series and parallel resonance using AC source and draw the current

frequency curve and calculate Q factor.

7. To find velocity of sound using Kund’s tube.

8. To verify λ2-T law by Melde’s experiment.

Suggested Books




******************************************************

Course Code: PHY (P&H) 206

Course Title: Electronics-I, Quantum Mechanics-I

Credit : 04 Contact hour: 60

Mark : 70 (CA-20marks,End Sem-50marks)

Type of questions-

1. 10 mark questions - 04 questions to be answered out of 06 questions

2. 05 mark questions - 02 questions to be answered out of 03 questions

Electronics- I (35 Contact hour) Unit 1.1: Network Theorem

CH- 06 Superposition Theorem (statement and application), Thevenins Theorem (statement

,proof&application), Norton's Theorem (statement,proof &application).

Unit 1.2: Diodes and transistors CH- 10

p-n junction diode, forward and reverse biasing of p-n junction diode with their respective

V-I characteristics, junction diode as a half wave,full wave and bridge rectifier-working

,rectifier efficiency and ripple factor . Filters- L-section and Π-section filters . Zener diode -

characteristic curve, Voltage Regulation .Working of Bipolar junction transistors, Transistor

characteristics in CB and CE mode, current gains in CB and CE mode and their interrelation.

DC Load line and Q point of transistor in CE mode

Unit1.3: Amplifier andOscillator , Multivibrators CH- 13

CE transistor amplifier; DC current gain, AC current gain, voltage and power gain, DC load

line, AC load line and Q-point, R-C coupled amplifier –working, frequency response ,upper

&lower cut off frequency, band width, gain bandwidth product, Basic idea of class A, B, AB

& C amplifier , Push-pull amplifier (working only), concept of positive and negative feedback

in amplifier, advantages of negative feedback in amplifier.Barkhausen criterion for

oscillations, Essentials of Oscillators, Wein-Bridge oscillator, Hartley Oscillator (Qualitative

treatment).Multivibrators (free running, monostable and bistable)


Unit 1.4: Basics of digital Electronics CH- 06

Decimal number &Binary numbers and their inter conversion, Different logic gates such as

AND, OR, NOT, NOR, NAND, XOR –their Symbols and truth tables, conversion of NOR and

NAND gate to other gates, circuits of AND, OR, NOT gates using discrete components .

Suggested Books

1. Electronic Principle - A.P. Malvino

2. Fundamental of Electronics - John D. Ryder

3. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory - Boylestal & Nashelsky

4. Electronic Devices and Circuit - Millman & Halkias

5. Basic Electronics - D.C. Tayal

6. Hand Book of Electronics

Quantum Mechanics - I (25 Contact hour) Unit 2.1: Origin of Quantum Theory CH- 06

Failure of classical physics to explain the phenomena such as black body radiation,

photoelectric effect, stability of an atom, Plank’s radiation law, Einstein’s explanation of

photoelectric effect, Bohr’s quantization of angular momentum and its application to

hydrogen atom, limitations of Bohr’s theory.

Unit 2.2: Wave Particle Duality CH- 06

De Broglie’s hypothesis for matter wave, De Broglie’s wave associated with moving particle-

non relativistic and relativistic case, verification of matter wave by- Davission and Germer’s

experiment and G.P Thomson experiment , consequence of De Broglie’s concept:

quantization of hydrogen atom, energies of particle in a box.

Unit 2.3: Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle CH- 06

Uncertainty in position and momentum , its extension to energy time uncertainty,

illustration of position-time uncertainty principle with the help of gamma ray microscope

and diffraction of electron beam by single slit ,application of uncertainty principle -

determination of size and ground state energy of hydrogen atom, non existence of electron

in the nucleus.

Unit 2.4: Schroedinger’s Wave Equation CH -07


Wave function (ψ) and its probabilistic interpretation, Time dependent and Time

independent Schroedinger equation, application of Schroedinger’s equation - one

dimensional potential well of infinite depth(particle in one dimensional box), one

dimensional potential barrier and one dimensional harmonic oscillator.

Suggested Books

1.Concepts of Modern Physics, Arthur Beiser, (Tata McGraw-Hill)

2.Modern Physics, R. Murugeshan and K. Sivaprasath, (S. Chand & Company Ltd)

3.Modern Physics, K. S. Krane, (Wiley India Pvt Ltd)

4.Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, D. J. Griffiths, (Pearson Education)

5.Quantum Mechanics, G. Aruldhas, (Prentice Hall India)

************************************


Course Title: Physics practical6

Credit : 01 Contact hour: 30(minimum)


( In semester end examination a student has to perform one experiment in three hours)

1. To verify Child Langmuir law.

2. Draw the (V-I) characteristics of a diode valve and determine the internal

resistance.

3. Plot the plate and mutual characteristics of a triode valve and to determine the

valve parameters.

4. To fabricate a half wave rectifier & a full wave rectifier and to display the

waveforms of i/p and o/p of the rectifier using CRO.

5. To study simple power supply with and without filter.

6. To study the frequency response curve of R-C coupled amplifier.

7. Study of NAND and NOR gate as basic building block.

Suggested Books

1.Practical Physics – C. L. Arora (S. Chand)

2.Practical Physics - K. G. Majumdar

3.A Text book of Advanced Practical Physics-S. K. Gosh ( NCBA Publication)

4.Practical Physics – Harnam Singh

*****************************************

Course Code: PHY (H)207

Course Title: , Mathematical Physics-III Classical Mechanics

Credit : 04

Contact hour: 60


Type of questions-

10 mark questions - 05questions to be answered out of 08questions

Mathematical Physics(Contact Hour-35)


Unit 1.1: Differential Equations CH 20

Defination, Order and degree of differential equation, formation of differential equation,

solution of differential equation, differential equation of first order and first

degree(separation of variables, homogeneous equation, linear equation, exact

equation),solution of Bernoulli’s equation, Equation reducible to exact equation, Application

of differential equation-electrical circuit, mechanics, heat conduction and spring, power

series solution of differential equation ,ordinary and singular point ,solution about singular

point, Frobenius method for solution of second order linear differential equations, solution

of oscillator equation, solution of Legendre’s differential equation, Legendre polynomial,

generating functions for Pn(x), recurrence formula, orthogonal and orthonormal property of

Pn(x).

Unit 1.2: Complex Analysis CH 15

Complex Number, conjugate of a complex number, operation of complex number-addition,

substraction, multiplication and division , modulus and argument of complex number

,argand diagram, expression of a complex number in polar form, complex function ,

functional value, limit and continuity of complex function, Complex analytical functions

,Cauchy-Riemann’s conditions, Cauchy’s theorem and application, Cauchy’s integral formula

and application, singly and multiply connected regions. poles and residues, different

methods for finding residues, Cauchy’s residue theorem with application of the residue

theorem in integrals of functions having simple poles. Taylor and Laurent’s series without

proof.

Suggested Books


2. Mathematical Physics-B. S. Rajput

Classical Mechanics(Contact Hour-25)

Unit 2.1:Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation CH 13

Constraints, Classification of constraints with examples, Generalised coordinates, Generalised velocities and generalized momenta. principle of virtual work, D’Alembert’s

principle and its derivation, Lagrangian, Lagrange’s equation for conservative and nonconservative system of forces from D’ Alembert principle and its applications

(simple pendulum, Compound pendulum,). Concepts of phase space, Principle of variation, Deduction of Hamiltion’s canonical equations from variational principle.Concept of Hamiltonian and its physical interpretation. Deduction of


Hamiltion’s principle from D’ Alemberts principle, Application of Hamilton’s canonical

equation-simple pendulum, Compound pendulum .

Unit 2.2: Motion under central force : CH 12

Central force and its examples , reduced mass , two bodies central force problem, Lagrangian of a particle under central force. Law of conservation of energy ,

differential equation of motion of a particle and its solution to inverse square force field-

Keplar problem, nature of the orbit under central force (hyperbola, parabola and ellipse).

Kepler’s laws planetary motion and its deduction.

Suggested Books

1. Classical Mechanics-Goldstein (Narosa Pub. House)

2. Classical Mechanics-Gupta & Kumar (Pragati Prakashan)

*****************************************************************

Course Code: PHY (PR)207


Credit : 01

Contact hour: 30(minimum)



1. Computer programming in C to solve of first order linear differential equations by

Runge-Kutta Method.

2. Computer programming in C to solve second order linear differential equation.

3. Formation of a differential equation for given phenomenon and to solve it using

computer programming in C.

4. To determine the acceleration due to gravity by Kater’s pendulum.

5. Study of laws of parallel and perpendicular axes for moment of inertia.

6. Study of conservation of momentum in two oscillations.

Suggested Books








**********************************************************


Course Code: PHY (H)208

Course Title:Mathematical Physics-IV Electromagnetic Theory



Type of questions-


Mathematical Physics(Contact hour-25)

Unit 1.1: Fourier Series & Transform CH10

Fourier Series- Definition, evaluation of coefficients, cosine and sine series, complex form of

Fourier series, properties of Fourier series, application of Fourier series in (i) square wave (ii)

full wave rectifier, sine and cosine transform-application in evaluation of integrals.

Unit 1.2: Tensors CH15

Transformation of co-ordinates, summation notation , contravariant tensor of 1st

&2nd

rank,

covariant tensor of 1st

&2nd

rank , mixed tensor 2nd

and higher rank, Kronecker delta,

Symmetric and anti-symmetric tensors, Fundamental operations with Tensors- addition,

substraction, outer multiplication, contraction , inner multiplication , quotient law, metric

tensor,Riemannian space.

Suggested Books


2. Mathematical Physics-B. S. Rajput

Electromagnetic Theory(Contact hour-35)

Unit 2.1: Electrostatics Field & Magnetic Field in matter CH9

Electric field inside a dielectric, Polarization,. electric displacement vector D, susceptibility,

permittivity, dielectric constant, Clausius-Mossotti equation, Poisson's equation, Laplace's

equation, boundary value problems- conducting sphere in a uniform electric field.

Magnetic Field in matter-intensity of magnetizing field, intensity of magnetization, magnetic

induction or flux density, permeability, volume susceptibility, hysteresis and hysteresis loop.

Unit 2.2: Electromagnetic Equations and waves CH17


Maxwell's equations: Maxwell’s equations for time dependent electromagnetic field in

vacuum and in material media. Poynting vector and Poynting theorem. Propagation of plane

electromagnetic waves in free space, isotropic dielectrics and conducting media. EM wave in conducting medium -Skin effect. polarization of electromagnetic wave. Boundary

conditions of electromagnetic field vectors at interface between different media, reflection

and refraction of electromagnetic waves at the plane interface between two dielectrics,

Fresnel's equation, the coefficients of reflection and transmission at the interface between

two dielectrics, Brewster's angle and degree of polarization. Dispersion of em waves- Equation of motion of electron in a radiation field, Lorenz theory of dispersion for both normal and anomalous, Cauchy’s formula. Scattering of EM wave-Rayleigh’s

scattering(qualitative idea), Blueness of sky.

Unit 2.3: Electromagnetic Potentials CH 9

Electromagnetic potentials: Magnetic vector potential A and scalar potential Φ, Poisson’s

equation for A in terms of current density, calculation of vector potential for a infinitely long

solenoid, Gauge transformations, concept of Lorentz gauge and Coulumb gauge. Lorentz

force in terms of electromagnetic potentials.

Suggested Books

1. Introduction to Electrodynamics - D. J. Griffith (Prentice-Hall of India).

2. Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory - Reitz and Milford

3. Classical Electrodynamics – J.D.Jackson

4. Electromagnetic Theory & Electrodynamics- Satya Prakash

************************************************************

Course Code: PHY (PR)208

Course Title: Physics practical 8

Credit : 01




1. To study the variation of magnetic field with distance along the axis of a circular

coil carrying current by plotting a graph.

2. To study the induced e.m.f. as a function of velocity of the magnet.

3. Determine H and M of a bar magnet using deflection and vibration

magnetometer.

4. To prove the inverse square law of magnetism.


5. To determine the coefficient of self inductance of a coil by Anderson’s bridge.

6. To find the coefficient of self inductance by Rayleigh method.

7. To verify Fresnel’s equation of reflection and refraction of E M waves with the

help of spectrometer, prism, two polaroids and sodium light.

Suggested Books




4. Practical Physics – Harnam Singh

****************************************************************

Course Code: PHY (P&H) 309

Course Title: Optics &Laser, Solid State Physics-I



Type of questions-



Optics & Laser - (Contact hour-35 )

Unit 1.1: Geometrical Optics CH12

Fermats principle-principle of extreme path, laws of reflection and refraction from Fermat’s

principle. Theory of image formation-cardinal points of an optical system, general

relationships, thick lens and lens combinations, image formed by thick lens. Aberration in

images-chromatic aberrations, achromatic combination of lenses in contact and separated

lenses, monochromatic aberrations and their reduction, aplanatic points, oil immersion

objectives. Optical Instruments- Ramsden and Huygen’s eyepieces and their cardinal points.

Unit 1.2: Interference and Diffraction CH 12

Huygens' principle, coherent sources, Young's double slit experiment-derivation of

expression for fringe width. Fresnel's biprism, interference in thin films. Newton's rings,

Michelson interferometers, applications of interferometry for testing flatness and thickness

of films, interferometric measurement of length.

Fresnel’s diffraction: Fresnel’s half period zones, zone plate-its similarity with convex lens,

Fresnel’s diffraction at straight edge and circular aperture. Frounhofer diffraction-

diffraction at a single slit, double slits and N slits, plane diffraction grating, resolving power

of gratings.

Unit 1.3: Polarisation CH 08


Plane, circular and elliptical Polarization of light, polarisation of light by reflection,

Brewster’s law, double refraction, propagation of plane wave in uniaxial crystal, ordinary

and extraordinary index, half-wave plates and quarter wave plates, Nicol prism, law of

Malus, origin of optical rotations in liquid and crystals, Fresnel’s explanation of the rotation

of the plane of polarization, half shade plate.

Unit 1.4: Laser CH 03

Laser characteristics, spontaneous and stimulated emission, population inversion, Einstein’s

coefficients, Types of Laser, Ruby laser, He and Ne lasers.

Suggested Books

1. Geometrical and Physical Optics – P. K. Chakraborty

2. Optics – B. S. Mathur

3. Optical Physics – Lipson and Lipson & Tannhauser

4. A Text Book of Light – K. G. Majumdar (Modern Book Agency)

5. Optics – A. Ghatak (McGraw Hill)

6. A Text Book of Light – Brijlal and Subramanyam (Nira Prakashan)

7. Optics – C. L. Arora (S. Chand)

Solid State Physics(Contact hour-25)

Unit 2.1: Crystal Structure and X-ray Diffraction CH 8

Idea of amorphous and crystalline solid, periodicity, crystal defects and types of defects,

lattice and basis, translational vectors, unit cell, types of crystal lattice, Bravais lattice,

crystal planes and Miller indices. inter-planar spacing, Simple crystal structures-hexagonal

closed-packed structure, face-centered cubic structure, body-centered cubic structure,

simple cubic structure, packing fractions of different crystal structures. X-ray diffraction,

Laue diffraction and Bragg’s law

Unit 2.2: Crystal Bonding CH 4

Crystal Bonding: ionic bonding, covalent bonding, metallic bonding, Van der waal’s bonding,

hydrogen bond, molecular bonding, cohesive energy, energy bonding-Madelung energy,

calculations of binding energies: ionic crystals and inert gases

Unit 2.3: Free Electron Theory and Band Theory CH 7

Free electron theory-Sommerfeld’s free electron model, free electron gas in one dimension,

ohm's law, resistivity, electrical and thermal conductivity of metals, Wiedmann-Franz law.

Band theory-Bloch theorem in one dimension, electron in a periodic potential, band model,

distinction among metals, insulators, semi conductors.

Unit 2.4: Magnetism and Superconductivity CH 6


Different types of magnetic materials, Langevin’s theory of diamagnetism, Langevin’s theory

of para-magnetism, Weiss theory of ferromagnetism, ferromagnetic domain, hysteresis,

Clausius-Mossotti equation. Critical temperature, critical magnetic field, Meissner effect,

type I and type-II superconductor, intermediate state, microwave and infrared properties,

isotopic effect.

Suggested Books:

1. Introduction to Solid State Physics-Charles Kittle

2. Fundamentals of solid state physics-J. R. Christman

3. Solid State Physics-A. J. Dekker

4. Solid State Physics- R. K. Puri and V. K. Babbar, (S. Chand & Company Ltd)

5. Fundamentals of Solid State Physics- B. S. Saxena, R. C. Gupta, P. N. Saxena,

(Pragati Prakashan)

6. Introduction to Solid State Physics-Pze



Credit: 01,Contact hour: 30(minimum)

Mark: 30 (CA-10 marks, End Sem – 20 marks)



1. To find the refractive index of a liquid using a plane mirror and a convex lens.

2. To find focal length of two convex lenses and their combination by displacement

method.

3. To find the resolving power of a telescope

4. To find the minimum deviation for sodium light and hence refractive index of the

prism using spectrometer.

5. To determine the wavelength of sodium D-line using Fresnel’s biprism.

6. To find wavelength of sodium light using Newton’s rings

7. To find specific rotation of a sugar solution using polarimeter.

8. To find the grating element of grating using spectrometer.

9. To measure the width of a single slit from the study of its Fraunhofer diffraction

pattern and to verify the result by traveling microscope.

10. To find the refractive index of O ray and E ray using quartz prism and

spectrometer.

Suggested Books:





******************************************************

Course Code: PHY (P & H) 310


Course Title: Atomic & Molecular Physics, Nuclear Physics

Credit: 04 Contact Hour: 60

Mark: 70 (CA-20 marks, Semester End Exam -50marks)

Type of Questions



Atomic & Molecular Physics(Contact Hour-40)

Unit 1.1: General Properties of Atoms CH 08

Atoms, ions, ionization current, excitation and ionization potential, mobility of ions,

electrons, Milikan’s experiment for determination of electronic charge, Atomic Model-

Rutherford’s model, Bohr’s atom model and spectra of hydrogen atom, Somerfield atom

model, Vector atom model, quantum numbers associated with vector atom model, Starn-

Gerlach experiment, Paulis exclusion principle.

Unit1.2: CathodeRays,Positive Rays , X-rays& photoelectric effect CH 11

Discharge of electricity through gases, cathode rays: properties, e/m of electron by

Thomson method, mass of the hydrogen atom, principle of cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO),

Positive Rays: properties and analysis, Thompson’s parabola method, isotopes, isobars,

Aston’s and Brainbridge mass spectrograph. X rays: production, absorption, diffraction of X-

rays, Laue’s experiment, Bragg’s law, Continuous and characteristic X-ray spectra, Duane

and Hunt law, Mosleys’s law, X-ray absorption spectra.photoelectric effect: Introduction,

threshold frequency, laws of photoelectric effect, Einstein photoelectric equation.,

photoelectric cells and their uses.

Unit 1.3: Effect of Magnetic Fields and Many Electron Atoms CH 10

Normal Zeeman effect, gyromagnetic ratio, Bohr magneton, spin of the electron, spin

angular momentum, magnetic dipole moments due to orbital motion and spin of the

electron.Spin-orbit coupling, anomalous Zeeman effect, Paschen-Back effect, Stark effect,

total angular momentum, LS coupling, j-j coupling, singlet, doublet, triplet, term symbols,

Atomic spectra of hydrogen, sodium, Atomic spectra of helium and mercury.

Unit 1.4: Molecular Physics CH 11

Classification of molecules and types of bonding, Size and shape of molecules, H2+

molecular ion, Hydrogen molecule, complex molecules, types of molecular spectra.Diatomic

molecule as rigid rotator-rotational energy levels and rotational spectra, Molecule as

harmonic oscillator-vibrational energy levels and spectra, vibration-rotation spectra,

electronic spectra, fluorescence, phosphorescence.Raman effect: Raman shift, stokes and

anti stokes lines, selection rules, quantum theory of Raman effect, complimentary character

of Raman and infrared spectra.

Suggested Books:

1. Atomic Physics –J. B. Rajam ( S. Chand Publication)

2. Atomic Physics – John Yarwood


3. Concept of Modern Physics- A. Beiser (McGraw Hill)

4. Atomic and Nuclear Physics-Brijlal & J. Seshan ( S. Chand Publication)

5. Atomic and Nuclear Physics-C. R. Basu ( NCBA Publication)

6. Modern Physics-R. Murugeshan ( S. Chand Publication)

7. B.Sc Practical Physics – C. L. Arora ( S. Chand Publication)



Nuclear Physics(Contact Hour-20)

Unit 2.1: Structure and Properties of Nuclei CH 04

Nuclear structure: Composition, properties of the nucleus, mass defect, binding energy,

packing fraction, explanation of the binding energy curves, semi- empirical mass formula

and its simple applications, Nuclear force and its nature, Yukawa’s meson theory of nuclear

force.

Unit 2.2: Radioactivity CH 04

Law of disintegration, half life, mean life, alpha decay, range of alpha particle, Geiger-Nuttal

law, Gamov’s explanation of alpha decay, Beta decay,beta ray spectrum, neutrino theory of

beta decay, idea of gamma decay,nuclear isomerism ,radio active dating, artificial

radioactivity.

Unit 2.3: Nuclear Model & Nuclear reactions CH 07

Shell model, liquid drop model, idea of nuclear reaction, fission and fusion, balance of mass

and energy in nuclear reactions. Q-value, threshold energy, conservation laws, Nuclear

energy, Neutron induced fission, fission chain reaction, thermonuclear fusion, nuclear

reactor, energy production in stars by proton-proton and carbon-nitrogen cycle.

Unit 2.4: Particle Accelerators and Detectors CH 03

Accelerator- Need for accelerators, linear accelerators, cyclotron. Detectors- GM counter,

ion chamber, cloud chambers.

Unit2.5: Cosmic Ray & elementary particles CH 04

Discovery of cosmic rays, latitude effect, east-west effect, altitude effect.Primary cosmic

rays, secondary cosmic rays, cosmic ray showers, discovery of positron and mesons, effect

of earth’s magnetic field, Van Allen belts.Origin of cosmic rays.Introduction to elementary

particles and its classification.

Suggested Books:


1. Concept of Modern Physics- A. Beiser (McGraw Hill)

2. Atomic and Nuclear Physics-Brijlal & J. Seshan ( S. Chand Publication)

3. Atomic and Nuclear Physics-C. R. Basu ( NCBA Publication)

4. Modern Physics-R. Murugeshan ( S. Chand Publication)

5. Nuclear Physics-D.C.Tayal

**************************************************************************


Course Title: Physics practical 10

Credit : 01



(In semester end examination a student has to perform one experiment

in three hours)

1. Determination of e/m of electron by Thompson method.

2. Determination of Planck’s constant ‘h’.

3. Determination of ‘e’ by Millikan’s method.

4. To verify the inverse square law of radiation using a photoelectric

cell

5. To draw characteristics curve of a photovoltaic cell.

6. Study of statistics in radioactive measurement.

7. Study of radioactive radition by GM counter.

Suggested Books:

1. B.Sc Practical Physics – C. L. Arora ( S. Chand Publication)

2. A Text book of Advanced Practical Physics-S. K. Gosh ( NCBA

Publication)

3. B.Sc Practical Physics – Harnam. Singh ( S. Chand

Publication)

********************************************************

Course Code: PHY (H) 311

Course Title: Electronics-II, Quantum Mechanics-II



Type of questions-



Electronics(contact hour -40)

Unit 1.1: RC Coupled amplifier ,Modulation CH 10

Z, Y and h parameters for a two port network, h-parameter equivalent circuit of a transistor

in CE mode, Expression of voltage gain for R-C coupled amplifier in mid frequency, low

frequency and high frequency range in terms of h-parameter.Modulation:- types, theory of Amplitude and frequency Modulation, AM modulation circuit-collector modulated class C amplifier; Demodulation- diode detector circuit for the demodulation of AM wave, Block diagram &description of super heterodyne radio receiver

Unit 1.2: Operational Amplifier CH 08

Introduction to OPAMP , characteristics of an ideal OPAMP, differential amplifier and

common mode rejection ratio(CMRR), use of OPAMP as- inverting amplifier, non inverting

amplifier, summing amplifier, Integrator, differentiator ,logarithmic amplifier,

antilogarithmic amplifier.

Unit 1.3: Boolean Algebra, Combinational and Sequential Logic,counters CH 15

Boolean axioms, De Morgan’s theorem-statement verification and applications, Simple

combinational logic- implementations. Half adder, full adder and substractors.Sequential

Logic-different types of flip-flops such as RS, Clocked RS, D-type flip flop, J-K flip flop and J- K

Master Slave flip flop.Counters- Asynchronous counters, synchronous counter, decade

counters.

Unit 1.4: Data Routing Elements, DA inter Conversion CH 07

Multiplexer, Demultiplexer, Decoder, Encoder, Digital comparator.

D/A converter using weighted resistor and R-2R ladder, concept of A/D converter.

Suggested Books

1. Digital Electronics - Malvino & Leach.

2. Digital Principle and Applications - Malvino and Leach.

3. Digital Computer Electronics and Introduction to Micro-computers - A.P. Malvino.

4. Digital Electronics - Moris Mano. (TMH)

5. Digital Electronics - V.K. Jain (TMH).

6. Electronic Principle - A.P. Malvino

7. Fundamental of Electronics - John D. Ryder

8. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory - Boylestal & Nashelsky

9. Electronic Devices and Circuit - Millman & Halkias

10. Basic Electronics - D.C. Tayal

11. Hand Book of Electronics

Quantum mechanics - II (Contact hour- 20 )


Unit 2.1: Operator Formalism ,Spin CH 15

Operators, eigen value & eigen function, operators for momentum, kinetic energy and total

energy, linear operators, commuting operators, Hermitian operators-properties and

theorems, Orbital angular momentum operators in Cartesian system( Lx, Ly, Lz) and their

commutation relations, commutation relations of Lx, Ly and Lz with L2

, ladder

operators(definition) and their commutation relations with Lz, Operator approach of simple

harmonic oscillator.

Spin –Stern Gerlach experiment, Uhlenbeck and Goudsmit’s hypothesis for spin, spin

angular momentum, Pauli spin matrices and their commutation relations.

Unit2.2:Application of Schrodinger equation CH 05

Schrodinger equation for the Hydrogen atom-separation of the variables, solutions and the

quantum numbers. Particle in three dimensional box-eigen value of energy, wave function,

normalized wave function.

Suggested Books:

1. Quantum Mechanics, G. Aruldhas (Prentice-Hall India)

2. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, D. J. Griffiths (Pearson Education)

3. Quantum Mechanics, Ajoy Ghatak and S. Lokanathan (Macmillan India Ltd)

4. Modern Physics, R. Murugeshan and S. Sivaprasath; (S. Chand & Company Ltd.)

***********************************************************************



Credit : 01





1. Study of an operational amplifier as inverting, non-inverting and differential

amplifier.

2. Study of logarithmic and antilogarithmic amplifier.

3. Study of RS, D, JK flip flops.

4. To simplify the given logic expression and to implement it by logic gates and to

find its truth table(using NAND and NOR gate)..

5. To study the binary half adder and full adder.

6. To study the binary comparator(using NAND and NOR gate).

7. To study of two to one multiplexer (using NAND and NOR gate).

8. To study of one to two demultiplexer(using NAND and NOR gate).


9. Study of DA converter (R-2R network type).

10. Study of counter circuit.

Suggested Books




4. Practical Physics – Harnam Singh

********************************************************************

Course Code: PHY (H) 312

Course Title: Particle Physics , Solid State Physics-II, Astrophysics



Type of questions-


Particle Physics (contact hour-15)

Unit 1.1: Cosmic Rays & Elementary Particles CH8

Cosmic Rays- Primary and secondary cosmic ray particles, discovery of muon, pion, heavy

mesons and hyperons.Elementary Particles -Fundamental interactions in nature, strong,

electromagnetic and weak interactions, leptons, mesons and baryons, antiparticle,

examples, basic conservation laws, conservation of lepton number, baryon number,

resonant particles, strangness, isospin, hypercharge, Q-value of particle reactions, reaction

threshold kinetic energy. Quark model

Unit 1.2: Particle Accelerator and Detectors CH7

Accelerator-synchrocyclotron, betatron, synchronotron. Detectors-scintillation counter,

neutron detectors, Cerenkov counter, Neutron counters.

Suggested Books

1. Concepts of Modern Physics-Arthur Beiser, (Tata McGraw-Hill)

2. Modern Physics, K. S. Krane- (Wiley India Pvt Ltd)

3. Modern Physics-R. Murugeshan-( S. Chand Publication)

Solid State Physics(Contact Hour-25)

Unit 2.1: Crystal Structure and X-ray Diffraction CH10

Symmetry operations: translation, rotation, reflection, inversion, types of crystal lattice,

Crystal systems: cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic, triclinic, trigonal, hexagonal,

symmetry elements in crystals, Point groups and space groups, Reciprocal lattice, reciprocal


lattice to SC lattice, reciprocal lattice to BCC lattice, reciprocal lattice to FCC lattice.Ewald

construction, Brillouine zones of simple lattices, atomic scattering factor, geometrical

scattering factor, powder method, rotating crystal method, electron and neutron diffraction

Unit 2.2:Lattice Vibration and Specific Heat CH5

Lattice vibration: elastic vibrations, vibration of one dimensional mono-atomic lattice,

dispersion relation, phase velocity, group velocity, di-atomic lattice, optical and acoustic

branchesConcept of phonon, Einstein’s theory of specific heat of solid and Debye’s theory of

specific heat of solid.

Unit 2.3: Free Electron Theory and Band Theory CH 6

Free electron gas in three dimension, Fermi level, Kronig-Penny model-motion of electron,

velocity ,acceleration, momentum, effective mass , intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductor

electron and hole concentration and Fermi energy, hall effect.

Unit 2.4:Superconductivity CH4

flux quantization, London equation, Josephson effect, A.C & D.C Josephson junction.

BCS theory, BCS ground state, bound electron pairs, Cooper pairs, High temperature

superconductors.

Suggested Books

1. Introduction to Solid State Physics-Charles Kittle

2. Fundamentals of solid state physics-J. R. Christman

3. Solid State Physics-A. J. Dekker

4. Solid State Physics- R. K. Puri and V. K. Babbar, (S. Chand & Company Ltd)

5. Fundamentals of Solid State Physics- B. S. Saxena, R. C. Gupta, P. N. Saxena, (Pragati

Prakashan)

ASTROPHYSICS (Contact hour 20)

Unit3.1- Distance measurement 05CH

Trigonometric parallax methods, luminosity distance, Stellar magnitude scale, absolute

magnitude and distance modulus, magnitude systems , colour index, bolometric magnitudes

and stellar luminosities.

Unit3.2- stellar classification&evolution 10 CH

Spectral Classification and H.R. Diagram- Spectral classification, Color index H-D

classification and H-R Diagram. The steller evolution-The evolutionary track of a star,


Protostars, Premain sequence stars, Main Sequence stars. The Red giant stars, Giant stages

and The last stages of the stellar evolution-White Dwarf, The Neutron stars, and Black hole.

The Energy sources of the Stars- the thermonuclear reactions-P-P chain and The CNO cycle.

Unit3.3- Cosmology 05 CH

Basic assumptions and limitations of cosmology; Idea of different theory of origin of

universe-steady state theory, pulsating theory ,Expansion of the Universe and its evidence;

Hubble's Law: Big bang theory and thermal history of the Universe. Size and age of the

Universe.

Suggested Books:

1. Introduction to Astrophysics – H.L. Duorah & Kalpana Duorah

2. Astronomy – a Self Teaching Guide – Dinah L. Moche

3. University Astronomy – JM Pasachoff and ML Kutner

4. Introduction to Astrophysics – Badyanath Basu.

********************************************************************

Course Code: PHY (PR) 312 Credit : 01

Course Title: Physics practical12/Project Contact hour: 30(minimum)



( In semester end examination a student has to perform one experiment in three hours)

1. Distance measurement by calibration curve using a photo sensor.

2. To find the wavelength of unknown spectral line from D-λ curve using

spectrometer and gas discharge tube.

3. To find the wavelength of unknown spectral line from μ- λ curve using

spectrometer and gas discharge tube.

4. To find the band gap of a semiconductor.

5. To study the characteristic curve of a transistors in CE mode and to find current

gain.

6. To study the characteristic curve of a transistors in CB mode and to find current

gain.

Project Work (optional):

In this paper, honours students will have option to carry out a small project work instead of

laboratory experiments. The project carries total 30 marks including continuous internal

assessment of 10 marks. At the final/ end of the semester examination, students will submit

the project report and will give a presentation on the project. The project report will be

examined by two internal examiners and a comprehensive viva-voce will be taken. The

project may include (i) self study course in a specialized area of physics like solid state

physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, atmospheric physics, environmental physics,


biophysics etc. (ii) design and fabrication of a science instrument like transistor

characteristics apparatus, logic gate apparatus etc. or (iii) data analysis and drawing valid

conclusions.

Special Note: The list of laboratory experiments is prepared in such a way that it matches

with the course title. However the concerned teacher may include an experiment in the list

or may exclude an experiment from the list after having a formal discussion with all other

faculty members in a departmental meeting. The inclusion or exclusion of an experiment

should be mentioned in the minutes of the departmental meeting.

department of physics - patkaicollege.edu.in · (in semester end examination a student has to...

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