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DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS


The Department of Mathematics (http://math.mit.edu) oerstraining at the undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate levels.Its expertise covers a broad spectrum of elds ranging from thetraditional areas of "pure" mathematics, such as analysis, algebra,geometry, and topology, to applied mathematics areas such ascombinatorics, computational biology, fluid dynamics, theoreticalcomputer science, and theoretical physics.

Course 18 includes two undergraduate degrees: a Bachelor ofScience in Mathematics and a Bachelor of Science in Mathematicswith Computer Science. Undergraduate students may choose oneof three options leading to the Bachelor of Science in Mathematics:applied mathematics, pure mathematics, or general mathematics.The general mathematics option provides a great deal of flexibilityand allows students to design their own programs in conjunctionwith their advisors. The Mathematics with Computer Science degreeis oered for students who want to pursue interests in mathematicsand theoretical computer science within a single undergraduateprogram.

At the graduate level, the Mathematics Department oers the PhD inMathematics, which culminates in the exposition of original researchin a dissertation. Graduate students also receive training and gainexperience in the teaching of mathematics.

The CLE Moore instructorships and Applied Mathematicsinstructorships bring mathematicians at the postdoctoral level to MITand provide them with training in research and teaching.

Undergraduate Study

An undergraduate degree in mathematics provides an excellentbasis for graduate work in mathematics or computer science, orfor employment in such elds as nance, business, or consulting.Students' programs are arranged through consultation with theirfaculty advisors.

Undergraduates in mathematics are encouraged to elect anundergraduate seminar during their junior or senior year. Theexperience gained from active participation in a seminar conductedby a research mathematician has proven to be valuable for studentsplanning to pursue graduate work as well as for those going on toother careers. These seminars also provide training in the verbal andwritten communication of mathematics and may be used to fulll theCommunication Requirement.

Many mathematics majors take 18.821 Project Laboratory inMathematics, which fullls the Institute's Laboratory Requirementand counts toward the Communication Requirement.

Bachelor of Science in Mathematics (Course 18)

General Mathematics OptionIn addition to the General Institute Requirements, the requirementsconsist of Dierential Equations, plus eight additional 12-unitsubjects in Course 18 of essentially dierent content, including atleast six advanced subjects (rst decimal digit one or higher). Oneof these eight subjects must be Linear Algebra. This leaves available84 units of unrestricted electives. The requirements are flexible inorder to accommodate students who pursue programs that combinemathematics with a related eld (such as physics, economics, ormanagement) as well as students who are interested in both pureand applied mathematics. More details can be found on the degreechart (http://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/mathematics-course-18/#generalmathematicstext).

Applied Mathematics OptionApplied mathematics focuses on the mathematical concepts andtechniques applied in science, engineering, and computer science.Particular attention is given to the following principles and theirmathematical formulations: propagation, equilibrium, stability,optimization, computation, statistics, and random processes.

Sophomores interested in applied mathematics typically enrollin 18.200 Principles of Discrete Applied Mathematics and 18.300Principles of Continuum Applied Mathematics. Subject 18.200 isdevoted to the discrete aspects of applied mathematics and may betaken concurrently with 18.03 Dierential Equations. Subject 18.300,oered in the spring term, is devoted to continuous aspects andmakes considerable use of dierential equations.

The subjects in Group I of the program correspond roughly to thoseareas of applied mathematics that make heavy use of discretemathematics, while Group II emphasizes those subjects thatdeal mainly with continuous processes. Some subjects, such asprobability or numerical analysis, have both discrete and continuousaspects.

Students planning to go on to graduate work in applied mathematicsshould also take some basic subjects in analysis and algebra.

More detail on the Applied Mathematics option can be found on thedegree chart (http://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/mathematics-course-18/#appliedmathematicstext).

Pure Mathematics OptionPure (or "theoretical") mathematics is the study of the basic conceptsand structure of mathematics. Its goal is to arrive at a deeperunderstanding and an expanded knowledge of mathematics itself.

Traditionally, pure mathematics has been classied into threegeneral elds: analysis, which deals with continuous aspects ofmathematics; algebra, which deals with discrete aspects; andgeometry. The undergraduate program is designed so that students

Department of Mathematics | 3


become familiar with each of these areas. Students also may wish toexplore other topics such as logic, number theory, complex analysis,and subjects within applied mathematics.

The subjects 18.701 Algebra I and 18.901 Introduction to Topologyare more advanced and should not be elected until a student hashad experience with proofs, as in Real Analysis (18.100A, 18.100B,18.100P or 18.100Q) or 18.700 Linear Algebra.

For more details, see the degree chart (http://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/mathematics-course-18/#theoreticalmathematicstext).

Bachelor of Science in Mathematics with Computer Science(Course 18-C)Mathematics and computer science are closely related elds.Problems in computer science are oen formalized and solved withmathematical methods. It is likely that many important problemscurrently facing computer scientists will be solved by researchersskilled in algebra, analysis, combinatorics, logic and/or probabilitytheory, as well as computer science.

The purpose of this program is to allow students to study acombination of these mathematical areas and potential areas ofapplication in computer science. Required subjects include linearalgebra (18.06 or 18.700) because it is so broadly used, and discretemathematics (18.062[J] or 18.200) to give experience with proofs andthe necessary tools for analyzing algorithms. The required subjectscovering complexity (18.404 Theory of Computation or 18.400[J]Automata, Computability, and Complexity) and algorithms (18.410[J]Design and Analysis of Algorithms) provide an introduction to themost theoretical aspects of computer science. We also requireexposure to other areas of computer science (6.031, 6.033, 6.034,or 6.036) where mathematical issues may also arise. More detailscan be found on the degree chart (http://catalog.mit.edu/degree-charts/mathematics-computer-science-course-18-c).

Some flexibility is allowed in this program. In particular, studentsmay substitute the more advanced subject 18.701 Algebra I for 18.06Linear Algebra, and, if they already have strong theorem-provingskills, may substitute 18.211 Combinatorial Analysis or 18.212Algebraic Combinatorics for 18.062[J] Mathematics for ComputerScience or 18.200 Principles of Discrete Applied Mathematics.

Minor in MathematicsThe requirements for a Minor in Mathematics are as follows: six 12-unit subjects in mathematics, beyond the Institute's MathematicsRequirement, of essentially dierent content, including at least threeadvanced subjects (rst decimal digit one or higher).

See the Undergraduate Section for a general description of the minorprogram (http://catalog.mit.edu/mit/undergraduate-education/academic-programs/minors).

InquiriesFor further information, see the department's website (http://math.mit.edu/academics/undergrad) or contact Math AcademicServices, 617-253-2416.

Graduate Study

The Mathematics Department oers programs covering a broadrange of topics leading to the Doctor of Philosophy or Doctor ofScience degree. Candidates are admitted to either the Pure orApplied Mathematics programs but are free to pursue interests inboth groups. Of the roughly 120-130 doctoral students, about twothirds are in Pure Mathematics, one third in Applied Mathematics.

The programs in Pure and Applied Mathematics oer basic andadvanced classes in analysis, algebra, geometry, Lie theory, logic,number theory, probability, statistics, topology, astrophysics,combinatorics, fluid dynamics, numerical analysis, theoreticalphysics, and the theory of computation. In addition, manymathematically oriented subjects are oered by other departments.Students in Applied Mathematics are especially encouraged totake subjects in engineering and scientic subjects related to theirresearch.

All students pursue research under the supervision of the facultyand are encouraged to take advantage of the many seminars andcolloquia at MIT and in the Boston area.

Doctor of Philosophy or Doctor of ScienceThe requirements for these degrees are described on thedepartment's website (http://math.mit.edu/academics/grad/timeline). In outline, they consist of an oral qualifying examination,a thesis proposal, completion of a minimum of 96 units (8 graduatesubjects), and a thesis containing original research in mathematics.

Interdisciplinary Programs

Computational Science and EngineeringStudents with primary interest in computational science may alsoconsider applying to the interdisciplinary Computational Science andEngineering (CSE) program, with which the Mathematics Departmentis aliated. For more information, see the CSE website (http://gradadmissions.mit.edu/programs/cse).

Mathematics and StatisticsThe Interdisciplinary Doctoral Program in Statistics providestraining in statistics, including classical statistics and probabilityas well as computation and data analysis, to students who wishto integrate these valuable skills into their primary academicprogram. The program is administered jointly by the departmentsof Aeronautics and Astronautics, Economics, Mathematics, andPolitical Science, and the Statistics and Data Science Center withinthe Institute for Data, Systems, and Society. It is open to current

4 | Department of Mathematics


doctoral students in participating departments, who may apply toenroll in the program at any time aer the end of their rst year.For more information, see the full program description (http://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/graduate-programs/phd-statistics)under Interdisciplinary Graduate Programs.

Financial SupportFinancial support is guaranteed for up to ve years to studentsmaking satisfactory academic progress. Financial aid aer the rstyear is usually in the form of a teaching or research assistantship.

InquiriesFor further information, see the department's website (http://math.mit.edu/academics/grad) or contact Math Academic Services,617-253-2416.

Faculty and Teaching Sta

Michel X. Goemans, PhDProfessor of MathematicsHead, Department of Mathematics

William Minicozzi, PhDSinger Professor of MathematicsAssociate Head, Department of Mathematics

ProfessorsMichael Artin, PhDProfessor Post-Tenure of Mathematics

Martin Z. Bazant, PhDE.G. Roos ProfessorProfessor of Chemical EngineeringProfessor of MathematicsExecutive Ocer, Department of Chemical Engineering

Bonnie Berger, PhDSimons Professor of MathematicsProfessor of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceMember, Health Sciences and Technology Faculty

Roman Bezrukavnikov, PhDProfessor of Mathematics

Alexei Borodin, PhDProfessor of Mathematics

John W. M. Bush, PhDProfessor of Mathematics(On leave)

Hung Cheng, PhDProfessor of Mathematics

Tobias Colding, PhDCecil and Ida Green Distinguished ProfessorProfessor of Mathematics

Laurent Demanet, PhDProfessor of MathematicsProfessor of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences

Alan Edelman, PhDProfessor of Mathematics

Pavel I. Etingof, PhDProfessor of Mathematics(On leave, spring)

Victor W. Guillemin, PhDProfessor of Mathematics(On leave, fall)

Lawrence Guth, PhDClaude E. Shannon (1940) Professor of Mathematics

Anette E. Hosoi, PhDNeil and Jane Pappalardo ProfessorProfessor of Mechanical EngineeringProfessor of MathematicsAssociate Dean, School of EngineeringMember, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society

David S. Jerison, PhDProfessor of Mathematics

Steven G. Johnson, PhDProfessor of MathematicsProfessor of Physics(On leave, fall)

Victor Kac, PhDProfessor of Mathematics(On leave)

Jonathan Adam Kelner, PhDProfessor of Mathematics

Ju-Lee Kim, PhDProfessor of Mathematics

Frank Thomson Leighton, PhDProfessor of Mathematics(On leave)

George Lusztig, PhDEdward A. Abdun-Nur (1924) Professor of Mathematics

Arthur P. Mattuck, PhDProfessor Post-Tenure of Mathematics



Davesh Maulik, PhDProfessor of Mathematics

Richard B. Melrose, PhDProfessor of Mathematics

Haynes R. Miller, PhDProfessor of Mathematics

Elchanan Mossel, PhDProfessor of MathematicsMember, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society

Tomasz S. Mrowka, PhDProfessor of Mathematics

Pablo A. Parrilo, PhDJoseph F. and Nancy P. Keithley ProfessorProfessor of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceProfessor of MathematicsMember, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society

Bjorn Poonen, PhDDistinguished Professor in ScienceProfessor of Mathematics

Alexander Postnikov, PhDProfessor of Mathematics

Rodolfo R. Rosales, PhDProfessor of Mathematics

Paul Seidel, PhDLevinson Professor in Mathematics

Scott Roger Sheeld, PhDLeighton Family Professor of MathematicsMember, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society

Peter W. Shor, PhDHenry Adams Morss and Henry Adams Morss, Jr. (1934) ProfessorProfessor of Mathematics

Michael Sipser, PhDDonner Professor of MathematicsDean, School of Science

Gigliola Stalani, PhDAbby Rockefeller Mauzé Professor of Mathematics

Gilbert Strang, PhDMathWorks Professor of MathematicsMember, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society

Daniel W. Stroock, PhDProfessor Post-Tenure of Mathematics

David A. Vogan, PhDNorbert Wiener Professor of Mathematics

Chenyang Xu, PhDProfessor of Mathematics

Zhiwei Yun, PhDProfessor of Mathematics

Wei Zhang, PhDProfessor of Mathematics

Associate ProfessorsJoern Dunkel, PhDAssociate Professor of Mathematics

Semyon Dyatlov, PhDAssociate Professor of Mathematics

Ankur Moitra, PhDRockwell International Career Development ProfessorAssociate Professor of Mathematics

Philippe Rigollet, PhDAssociate Professor of MathematicsMember, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society

Nike Sun, PhDAssociate Professor of Mathematics

Assistant ProfessorsTristan Collins, PhDAssistant Professor of Mathematics

Vadim Gorin, PhDAssistant Professor of Mathematics(On leave)

Peter Hintz, PhDAssistant Professor of Mathematics(On leave, fall)

Andrew Lawrie, PhDAssistant Professor of Mathematics(On leave, fall)

Andrei Negut, PhDClass of 1947 Career Development ChairAssistant Professor of Mathematics

Aaron Pixton, PhDClass of 1957 Career Development ChairAssistant Professor of Mathematics(On leave)



Giulia Sacca, PhDAssistant Professor of Mathematics(On leave)

Yufei Zhao, PhDClass of 1956 Career Development ChairAssistant Professor of Mathematics

Visiting ProfessorsThomas Lam, PhDVisiting Professor of Mathematics

Kasso Okoudjou, PhDMLK Visiting Professor of Mathematics

Valerio Toledano Laredo, PhDVisiting Professor of Mathematics

Visiting Associate ProfessorsThibaut Le Gouic, PhDVisiting Associate Professor of Mathematics

Raghu Meka, PhDVisiting Associate Professor of Mathematics

Dev Sinha, PhDVisiting Associate Professor of Mathematics

Visiting Assistant ProfessorsKarola Meszaros, PhDVisiting Assistant Professor of Mathematics

Adjunct ProfessorsHenry Cohn, PhDAdjunct Professor of Mathematics

LecturersJennifer French, PhDLecturer in Digital Learning

Slava Gerovitch, PhDLecturer in Mathematics

Peter J. Kempthorne, PhDLecturer in Mathematics

Tanya Khovanova, PhDLecturer in Mathematics

CLE Moore InstructorsTom Bachmann, PhDCLE Moore Instructor of Mathematics

Charlotte Chan, PhDCLE Moore Instructor of Mathematics

Kyeongsu Choi, PhDCLE Moore Instructor of Mathematics

Jeremy Hahn, PhDCLE Moore Instructor of Mathematics

Pei-Ken Hung, PhDCLE Moore Instructor of Mathematics

Benjamin Landon, PhDCLE Moore Instructor of Mathematics

Christos Mantoulidis, PhDCLE Moore Instructor of Mathematics

Yu Pan, PhDCLE Moore Instructor of Mathematics

Casey Rodriguez, PhDCLE Moore Instructor of Mathematics

Ananth Shankar, PhDCLE Moore Instructor of Mathematics

Junliang Shen, PhDCLE Moore Instructor of Mathematics

Matthew Storegen, PhDCLE Moore Instructor of Mathematics

Chen Wan, PhDCLE Moore Instructor of Mathematics

Yilin Wang, PhDCLE Moore Instructor of Mathematics

Junho Whang, PhDCLE Moore Instructor of Mathematics

Zhouli Xu, PhDCLE Moore Instructor of Mathematics

Xueying Yu, PhDCLE Moore Instructor of Mathematics

Yiming Zhao, PhDCLE Moore Instructor of Mathematics

Ziquan Zhuang, PhDCLE Moore Instructor of Mathematics

Instructors of Applied MathematicsKeaton Burns, PhDInstructor of Applied Mathematics

Diego Cifuentes, PhDInstructor of Applied Mathematics



Souvik Dhara, PhDSchramm Fellow Instructor

Matthew Durey, PhDInstructor of Applied Mathematics

William Cole Franks, PhDInstructor of Applied Mathematics

Vili Heinonen, PhDInstructor of Applied Mathematics

Zilin Jiang, PhDInstructor of Applied Mathematics

Ousmane Kodio, PhDInstructor of Applied Mathematics

Laszlo Lovasz, PhDInstructor of Applied Mathematics

Tyler Maunu, PhDInstructor of Applied Mathematics

Christopher Rackauckas, PhDInstructor of Applied Mathematics

Elina Robeva, PhDInstructor of Statistics

Henrik Ronellentsch, PhDInstructor of Applied Mathematics

Stuart Thomson, PhDInstructor of Applied Mathematics

Instructors of Pure MathematicsZarathustra Brady, PhDInstructor of Pure Mathematics

Laure Flapan, PhDInstructor of Pure Mathematics

Daniel Kriz, PhDInstructor of Pure Mathematics

Jonathan Wang, PhDInstructor of Pure Mathematics

Research Sta

Principal Research ScientistsAndrew Victor Sutherland II, PhDPrincipal Research Scientist of Mathematics

Research ScientistsEdgar Costa, PhDResearch Scientist of Mathematics

Francesc Fité, PhDResearch Scientist of Mathematics

Wanlin Li, PhDResearch Scientist of Mathematics

David Roe, PhDResearch Scientist of Mathematics

Samuel SchiavoneResearch Scientist of Mathematics

David I. Spivak, PhDResearch Scientist of Mathematics

Raymond van Bommel, PhDResearch Scientist of Mathematics

Professors Emeriti

Richard Dudley, PhDProfessor Emeritus of Mathematics

Daniel Z. Freedman, PhDProfessor Emeritus of MathematicsProfessor Emeritus of Physics

Harvey P. Greenspan, PhDProfessor Emeritus of Mathematics

Sigurdur Helgason, PhDProfessor Emeritus of Mathematics

Steven L. Kleiman, PhDProfessor Emeritus of Mathematics

Daniel J. Kleitman, PhDProfessor Emeritus of Mathematics

James R. Munkres, PhDProfessor Emeritus of Mathematics

Gerald E. Sacks, PhDProfessor Emeritus of Mathematics

Isadore Manuel Singer, PhDInstitute Professor EmeritusProfessor Emeritus of Mathematics

Richard P. Stanley, PhDProfessor Emeritus of Mathematics

Harold Stark, PhDProfessor Emeritus of Mathematics



Alar Toomre, PhDProfessor Emeritus of Mathematics

General Mathematics

18.01 CalculusPrereq: NoneU (Fall, Spring)5-0-7 units. CALC ICredit cannot also be received for 18.01A, ES.1801, ES.181A

Dierentiation and integration of functions of one variable,with applications. Informal treatment of limits and continuity.Dierentiation: denition, rules, application to graphing, rates,approximations, and extremum problems. Indenite integration;separable rst-order dierential equations. Denite integral;fundamental theorem of calculus. Applications of integrationto geometry and science. Elementary functions. Techniques ofintegration. Polar coordinates. L'Hopital's rule. Improper integrals.Innite series: geometric, p-harmonic, simple comparison tests,power series for some elementary functions.Fall: L. Guth. Spring: Information: W. Minicozzi

18.01A CalculusPrereq: Knowledge of dierentiation and elementary integrationU (Fall; rst half of term)5-0-7 units. CALC ICredit cannot also be received for 18.01, ES.1801, ES.181A

Six-week review of one-variable calculus, emphasizing materialnot on the high-school AB syllabus: integration techniques andapplications, improper integrals, innite series, applications toother topics, such as probability and statistics, as time permits.Prerequisites: one year of high-school calculus or the equivalent,with a score of 5 on the AB Calculus test (or the AB portion of the BCtest, or an equivalent score on a standard international exam), orequivalent college transfer credit, or a passing grade on the rst halfof the 18.01 advanced standing exam.Z. Yun

18.02 CalculusPrereq: Calculus I (GIR)U (Fall, Spring)5-0-7 units. CALC IICredit cannot also be received for 18.022, 18.02A, CC.1802, ES.1802,ES.182A

Calculus of several variables. Vector algebra in 3-space,determinants, matrices. Vector-valued functions of one variable,space motion. Scalar functions of several variables: partialdierentiation, gradient, optimization techniques. Double integralsand line integrals in the plane; exact dierentials and conservativeelds; Green's theorem and applications, triple integrals, line andsurface integrals in space, Divergence theorem, Stokes' theorem;applications.Fall: D. Maulik. Spring: L. Guth

18.02A CalculusPrereq: Calculus I (GIR)U (Fall, IAP, Spring; second half of term)5-0-7 units. CALC IICredit cannot also be received for 18.02, 18.022, CC.1802, ES.1802,ES.182A

First half is taught during the last six weeks of the Fall term; coversmaterial in the rst half of 18.02 (through double integrals). Secondhalf of 18.02A can be taken either during IAP (daily lectures) orduring the second half of the Spring term; it covers the remainingmaterial in 18.02.Z. Yun

18.022 CalculusPrereq: Calculus I (GIR)U (Fall)5-0-7 units. CALC IICredit cannot also be received for 18.02, 18.02A, CC.1802, ES.1802,ES.182A

Calculus of several variables. Topics as in 18.02 but with morefocus on mathematical concepts. Vector algebra, dot product,matrices, determinant. Functions of several variables, continuity,dierentiability, derivative. Parametrized curves, arc length,curvature, torsion. Vector elds, gradient, curl, divergence. Multipleintegrals, change of variables, line integrals, surface integrals.Stokes' theorem in one, two, and three dimensions.A. Borodin



18.03 Dierential EquationsPrereq: None. Coreq: Calculus II (GIR)U (Fall, Spring)5-0-7 units. RESTCredit cannot also be received for CC.1803, ES.1803

Study of dierential equations, including modeling physicalsystems. Solution of rst-order ODEs by analytical, graphical,and numerical methods. Linear ODEs with constant coecients.Complex numbers and exponentials. Inhomogeneous equations:polynomial, sinusoidal, and exponential inputs. Oscillations,damping, resonance. Fourier series. Matrices, eigenvalues,eigenvectors, diagonalization. First order linear systems: normalmodes, matrix exponentials, variation of parameters. Heat equation,wave equation. Nonlinear autonomous systems: critical pointanalysis, phase plane diagrams.Fall: J. Dunkel. Spring: S. Dyatlov

18.031 System Functions and the Laplace TransformPrereq: None. Coreq: 18.03U (IAP)1-0-2 units

Studies basic continuous control theory as well as representationof functions in the complex frequency domain. Covers generalizedfunctions, unit impulse response, and convolution; and Laplacetransform, system (or transfer) function, and the pole diagram.Includes examples from mechanical and electrical engineering.Information: H. R. Miller

18.032 Dierential EquationsPrereq: None. Coreq: Calculus II (GIR)U (Spring)5-0-7 units. REST

Covers much of the same material as 18.03 with more emphasis ontheory. The point of view is rigorous and results are proven. Localexistence and uniqueness of solutions.K. Okoudjou

18.04 Complex Variables with ApplicationsPrereq: Calculus II (GIR) and (18.03 or 18.032)U (Spring)4-0-8 unitsCredit cannot also be received for 18.075, 18.0751

Complex algebra and functions; analyticity; contour integration,Cauchy's theorem; singularities, Taylor and Laurent series; residues,evaluation of integrals; multivalued functions, potential theory intwo dimensions; Fourier analysis, Laplace transforms, and partialdierential equations.R. R. Rosales

18.05 Introduction to Probability and StatisticsPrereq: Calculus II (GIR)U (Spring)4-0-8 units. REST

Elementary introduction with applications. Basic probabilitymodels. Combinatorics. Random variables. Discrete and continuousprobability distributions. Statistical estimation and testing.Condence intervals. Introduction to linear regression.J. Orlo

18.06 Linear AlgebraPrereq: Calculus II (GIR)U (Fall, Spring)4-0-8 units. RESTCredit cannot also be received for 18.700

Basic subject on matrix theory and linear algebra, emphasizingtopics useful in other disciplines, including systems of equations,vector spaces, determinants, eigenvalues, singular valuedecomposition, and positive denite matrices. Applications toleast-squares approximations, stability of dierential equations,networks, Fourier transforms, and Markov processes. Uses linearalgebra soware. Compared with 18.700, more emphasis on matrixalgorithms and many applications.Fall: A. Negut. Spring: A. Edelman

18.062[J] Mathematics for Computer ScienceSame subject as 6.042[J]Prereq: Calculus I (GIR)U (Fall, Spring)5-0-7 units. REST

See description under subject 6.042[J].F. T. Leighton, Z. R. Abel, A. Moitra

18.065 Matrix Methods in Data Analysis, Signal Processing, andMachine LearningSubject meets with 18.0651Prereq: 18.06U (Spring)3-0-9 units

Reviews linear algebra with applications to life sciences, nance,engineering, and big data. Covers singular value decomposition,weighted least squares, signal and image processing, principalcomponent analysis, covariance and correlation matrices, directedand undirected graphs, matrix factorizations, neural nets, machinelearning, and computations with large matrices.G. Strang



18.0651 Matrix Methods in Data Analysis, Signal Processing,and Machine LearningSubject meets with 18.065Prereq: 18.06G (Spring)3-0-9 units

Reviews linear algebra with applications to life sciences, nance,engineering, and big data. Covers singular value decomposition,weighted least squares, signal and image processing, principalcomponent analysis, covariance and correlation matrices, directedand undirected graphs, matrix factorizations, neural nets, machinelearning, and computations with large matrices. Students in Course18 must register for the undergraduate version, 18.065.G. Strang

18.075 Methods for Scientists and EngineersSubject meets with 18.0751Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and 18.03U (Spring)3-0-9 unitsCredit cannot also be received for 18.04

Covers functions of a complex variable; calculus of residues.Includes ordinary dierential equations; Bessel and Legendrefunctions; Sturm-Liouville theory; partial dierential equations; heatequation; and wave equations.H. Cheng

18.0751 Methods for Scientists and EngineersSubject meets with 18.075Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and 18.03G (Spring)3-0-9 unitsCredit cannot also be received for 18.04

Covers functions of a complex variable; calculus of residues.Includes ordinary dierential equations; Bessel and Legendrefunctions; Sturm-Liouville theory; partial dierential equations; heatequation; and wave equations. Students in Courses 6, 8, 12, 18, and22 must register for undergraduate version, 18.075.H. Cheng

18.085 Computational Science and Engineering ISubject meets with 18.0851Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and (18.03 or 18.032)U (Fall, Spring, Summer)3-0-9 units

Review of linear algebra, applications to networks, structures, andestimation, nite dierence and nite element solution of dierentialequations, Laplace's equation and potential flow, boundary-valueproblems, Fourier series, discrete Fourier transform, convolution.Frequent use of MATLAB in a wide range of scientic and engineeringapplications.Fall: W. G. Strang. Spring: M. Durey

18.0851 Computational Science and Engineering ISubject meets with 18.085Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and (18.03 or 18.032)G (Fall, Spring, Summer)3-0-9 units

Review of linear algebra, applications to networks, structures,and estimation, nite dierence and nite element solution ofdierential equations, Laplace's equation and potential flow,boundary-value problems, Fourier series, discrete Fourier transform,convolution. Frequent use of MATLAB in a wide range of scientic andengineering applications. Students in Course 18 must register for theundergraduate version, 18.085.Fall: W.G. Strang. Spring: M. Durey

18.086 Computational Science and Engineering IISubject meets with 18.0861Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and (18.03 or 18.032)Acad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: U (Spring)3-0-9 units

Initial value problems: nite dierence methods, accuracy andstability, heat equation, wave equations, conservation laws andshocks, level sets, Navier-Stokes. Solving large systems: eliminationwith reordering, iterative methods, preconditioning, multigrid,Krylov subspaces, conjugate gradients. Optimization and minimumprinciples: weighted least squares, constraints, inverse problems,calculus of variations, saddle point problems, linear programming,duality, adjoint methods.Information: W. G. Strang



18.0861 Computational Science and Engineering IISubject meets with 18.086Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and (18.03 or 18.032)Acad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Spring)3-0-9 units

Initial value problems: nite dierence methods, accuracy andstability, heat equation, wave equations, conservation laws andshocks, level sets, Navier-Stokes. Solving large systems: eliminationwith reordering, iterative methods, preconditioning, multigrid,Krylov subspaces, conjugate gradients. Optimization and minimumprinciples: weighted least squares, constraints, inverse problems,calculus of variations, saddle point problems, linear programming,duality, adjoint methods. Students in Course 18 must register for theundergraduate version, 18.086.Information: W. G. Strang

18.089 Review of MathematicsPrereq: Permission of instructorG (Summer)5-0-7 units

One-week review of one-variable calculus (18.01), followed byconcentrated study covering multivariable calculus (18.02), twohours per day for ve weeks. Primarily for graduate students inCourse 2N. Degree credit allowed only in special circumstances.Information: W. Minicozzi

18.094[J] Teaching College-Level Science and EngineeringSame subject as 1.95[J], 5.95[J], 7.59[J], 8.395[J]Subject meets with 2.978Prereq: NoneAcad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Fall)2-0-2 units

See description under subject 5.95[J].J. Rankin

18.095 Mathematics Lecture SeriesPrereq: Calculus I (GIR)U (IAP)2-0-4 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Ten lectures by mathematics faculty members on interestingtopics from both classical and modern mathematics. All lecturesaccessible to students with calculus background and an interest inmathematics. At each lecture, reading and exercises are assigned.Students prepare these for discussion in a weekly problem session.Information: W. Minicozzi

18.098 Internship in MathematicsPrereq: Permission of instructorU (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)Units arranged [P/D/F]Can be repeated for credit.

Provides academic credit for students pursuing internships to gainpractical experience in the applications of mathematical conceptsand methods.Information: W. Minicozzi

18.099 Independent StudyPrereq: Permission of instructorU (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)Units arrangedCan be repeated for credit.

Studies (during IAP) or special individual reading (during regularterms). Arranged in consultation with individual faculty members andsubject to departmental approval.Information: W. Minicozzi

Analysis

18.1001 Real AnalysisSubject meets with 18.100APrereq: Calculus II (GIR)G (Fall, Spring)3-0-9 unitsCredit cannot also be received for 18.100B, 18.100P, 18.100Q

Covers fundamentals of mathematical analysis: convergence ofsequences and series, continuity, dierentiability, Riemann integral,sequences and series of functions, uniformity, interchange of limitoperations. Shows the utility of abstract concepts and teachesunderstanding and construction of proofs. Proofs and denitions areless abstract than in 18.100B. Gives applications where possible.Concerned primarily with the real line. Students in Course 18 mustregister for undergraduate version 18.100A.Fall: C. Rodriguez. Spring: A. Lawrie.



18.1002 Real AnalysisSubject meets with 18.100BPrereq: Calculus II (GIR)G (Fall, Spring)3-0-9 unitsCredit cannot also be received for 18.100A, 18.100Q

Covers fundamentals of mathematical analysis: convergence ofsequences and series, continuity, dierentiability, Riemann integral,sequences and series of functions, uniformity, interchange of limitoperations. Shows the utility of abstract concepts and teachesunderstanding and construction of proofs. More demanding than18.100A, for students with more mathematical maturity. Places moreemphasis on point-set topology and n-space. Students in Course 18must register for undergraduate version 18.100B.Fall: R. Bezrukavnikov. Spring: P-K Hung.

18.100A Real AnalysisSubject meets with 18.1001Prereq: Calculus II (GIR)U (Fall, Spring)3-0-9 unitsCredit cannot also be received for 18.100B, 18.100P, 18.100Q

Covers fundamentals of mathematical analysis: convergence ofsequences and series, continuity, dierentiability, Riemann integral,sequences and series of functions, uniformity, interchange of limitoperations. Shows the utility of abstract concepts and teachesunderstanding and construction of proofs. Proofs and denitions areless abstract than in 18.100B. Gives applications where possible.Concerned primarily with the real line.Fall: C. Rodriguez. Spring: A. Lawrie.

18.100B Real AnalysisSubject meets with 18.1002Prereq: Calculus II (GIR)U (Fall, Spring)3-0-9 unitsCredit cannot also be received for 18.100A, 18.100Q

Covers fundamentals of mathematical analysis: convergence ofsequences and series, continuity, dierentiability, Riemann integral,sequences and series of functions, uniformity, interchange of limitoperations. Shows the utility of abstract concepts and teachesunderstanding and construction of proofs. More demanding than18.100A, for students with more mathematical maturity. Places moreemphasis on point-set topology and n-space.Fall: R. Bezrukavnikov. Spring: P-K Hung.

18.100P Real AnalysisPrereq: Calculus II (GIR)U (Spring)4-0-11 unitsCredit cannot also be received for 18.1001, 18.100A, 18.100B,18.100Q

Covers fundamentals of mathematical analysis: convergence ofsequences and series, continuity, dierentiability, Riemann integral,sequences and series of functions, uniformity, interchange of limitoperations. Shows the utility of abstract concepts and teachesunderstanding and construction of proofs. Proofs and denitions areless abstract than in 18.100B. Gives applications where possible.Concerned primarily with the real line. Includes instruction andpractice in written communication. Enrollment limited.C. Mantoulidis

18.100Q Real AnalysisPrereq: Calculus II (GIR)U (Fall)4-0-11 unitsCredit cannot also be received for 18.1001, 18.1002, 18.100A,18.100B, 18.100P

Covers fundamentals of mathematical analysis: convergence ofsequences and series, continuity, dierentiability, Riemann integral,sequences and series of functions, uniformity, interchange of limitoperations. Shows the utility of abstract concepts and teachesunderstanding and construction of proofs. More demanding than18.100A, for students with more mathematical maturity. Places moreemphasis on point-set topology and n-space. Includes instructionand practice in written communication. Enrollment limited.Y. Zhao

18.101 Analysis and ManifoldsSubject meets with 18.1011Prereq: (18.06, 18.700, or 18.701) and (18.100A, 18.100B, 18.100P, or18.100Q)U (Fall)3-0-9 units

Introduction to the theory of manifolds: vector elds and densitieson manifolds, integral calculus in the manifold setting and themanifold version of the divergence theorem. 18.901 helpful but notrequired.K. Choi



18.1011 Analysis and ManifoldsSubject meets with 18.101Prereq: (18.06, 18.700, or 18.701) and (18.100A, 18.100B, 18.100P, or18.100Q)G (Fall)3-0-9 units

Introduction to the theory of manifolds: vector elds and densitieson manifolds, integral calculus in the manifold setting and themanifold version of the divergence theorem. 18.9011 helpful but notrequired. Students in Course 18 must register for the undergraduateversion, 18.101.K. Choi

18.102 Introduction to Functional AnalysisSubject meets with 18.1021Prereq: (18.06, 18.700, or 18.701) and (18.100A, 18.100B, 18.100P, or18.100Q)U (Spring)3-0-9 units

Normed spaces, completeness, functionals, Hahn-Banach theorem,duality, operators. Lebesgue measure, measurable functions,integrability, completeness of L-p spaces. Hilbert space. Compact,Hilbert-Schmidt and trace class operators. Spectral theorem.R. B. Melrose

18.1021 Introduction to Functional AnalysisSubject meets with 18.102Prereq: (18.06, 18.700, or 18.701) and (18.100A, 18.100B, 18.100P, or18.100Q)G (Spring)3-0-9 units

Normed spaces, completeness, functionals, Hahn-Banach theorem,duality, operators. Lebesgue measure, measurable functions,integrability, completeness of L-p spaces. Hilbert space. Compact,Hilbert-Schmidt and trace class operators. Spectral theorem.Students in Course 18 must register for the undergraduate version,18.102.R. B. Melrose

18.103 Fourier Analysis: Theory and ApplicationsSubject meets with 18.1031Prereq: (18.06, 18.700, or 18.701) and (18.100A, 18.100B, 18.100P, or18.100Q)U (Fall)3-0-9 units

Roughly half the subject devoted to the theory of the Lebesgueintegral with applications to probability, and half to Fourier seriesand Fourier integrals.G. Stalani

18.1031 Fourier Analysis: Theory and ApplicationsSubject meets with 18.103Prereq: (18.06, 18.700, or 18.701) and (18.100A, 18.100B, 18.100P, or18.100Q)G (Fall)3-0-9 units

Roughly half the subject devoted to the theory of the Lebesgueintegral with applications to probability, and half to Fourier seriesand Fourier integrals. Students in Course 18 must register for theundergraduate version, 18.103.G. Stalani

18.104 Seminar in AnalysisPrereq: 18.100A, 18.100B, 18.100P, or 18.100QU (Spring)3-0-9 units

Students present and discuss material from books or journals. Topicsvary from year to year. Instruction and practice in written and oralcommunication provided. Enrollment limited.G. Stalani

18.112 Functions of a Complex VariableSubject meets with 18.1121Prereq: (18.06, 18.700, or 18.701) and (18.100A, 18.100B, 18.100P, or18.100Q)U (Fall)3-0-9 units

Studies the basic properties of analytic functions of one complexvariable. Conformal mappings and the Poincare model of non-Euclidean geometry. Cauchy-Goursat theorem and Cauchy integralformula. Taylor and Laurent decompositions. Singularities,residues and computation of integrals. Harmonic functions andDirichlet's problem for the Laplace equation. The partial fractionsdecomposition. Innite series and innite product expansions. TheGamma function. The Riemann mapping theorem. Elliptic functions.W. Zhang



18.1121 Functions of a Complex VariableSubject meets with 18.112Prereq: (18.06, 18.700, or 18.701) and (18.100A, 18.100B, 18.100P, or18.100Q)G (Fall)3-0-9 units

Studies the basic properties of analytic functions of one complexvariable. Conformal mappings and the Poincare model of non-Euclidean geometry. Cauchy-Goursat theorem and Cauchy integralformula. Taylor and Laurent decompositions. Singularities,residues and computation of integrals. Harmonic functions andDirichlet's problem for the Laplace equation. The partial fractionsdecomposition. Innite series and innite product expansions. TheGamma function. The Riemann mapping theorem. Elliptic functions.Students in Course 18 must register for the undergraduate version,18.112.W. Zhang

18.116 Riemann SurfacesPrereq: 18.112Acad Year 2019-2020: G (Spring)Acad Year 2020-2021: Not oered3-0-9 units

Riemann surfaces, uniformization, Riemann-Roch Theorem. Theory ofelliptic functions and modular forms. Some applications, such as tonumber theory.T. S. Mrowka

18.117 Topics in Several Complex VariablesPrereq: 18.112 and 18.965Acad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Spring)3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Harmonic theory on complex manifolds, Hodge decompositiontheorem, Hard Lefschetz theorem. Vanishing theorems. Theory ofStein manifolds. As time permits students also study holomorphicvector bundles on Kahler manifolds.B. Poonen

18.118 Topics in AnalysisPrereq: Permission of instructorAcad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Fall)3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Topics vary from year to year.L. Guth

18.125 Measure Theory and AnalysisPrereq: 18.100A, 18.100B, 18.100P, or 18.100QG (Spring)3-0-9 units

Provides a rigorous introduction to Lebesgue's theory of measureand integration. Covers material that is essential in analysis,probability theory, and dierential geometry.D. W. Stroock

18.137 Topics in Geometric Partial Dierential EquationsPrereq: Permission of instructorAcad Year 2019-2020: G (Fall)Acad Year 2020-2021: Not oered3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Topics vary from year to year.T. Colding

18.152 Introduction to Partial Dierential EquationsSubject meets with 18.1521Prereq: (18.06, 18.700, or 18.701) and (18.100A, 18.100B, 18.100P, or18.100Q)U (Spring)3-0-9 units

Introduces three main types of partial dierential equations:diusion, elliptic, and hyperbolic. Includes mathematical tools,real-world examples and applications, such as the Black-Scholesequation, the European options problem, water waves, scalarconservation laws, rst order equations and trac problems.K. Choi

18.1521 Introduction to Partial Dierential EquationsSubject meets with 18.152Prereq: (18.06, 18.700, or 18.701) and (18.100A, 18.100B, 18.100P, or18.100Q)G (Spring)3-0-9 units

Introduces three main types of partial dierential equations:diusion, elliptic, and hyperbolic. Includes mathematical tools,real-world examples and applications, such as the Black-Scholesequation, the European options problem, water waves, scalarconservation laws, rst order equations and trac problems.Students in Course 18 must register for the undergraduate version,18.152.K. Choi



18.155 Dierential Analysis IPrereq: 18.102 or 18.103G (Fall)3-0-9 units

First part of a two-subject sequence. Review of Lebesgue integration.Lp spaces. Distributions. Fourier transform. Sobolev spaces.Spectral theorem, discrete and continuous spectrum. Homogeneousdistributions. Fundamental solutions for elliptic, hyperbolic andparabolic dierential operators. Recommended prerequisite: 18.112.T. S. Mrowka

18.156 Dierential Analysis IIPrereq: 18.155G (Spring)3-0-9 units

Second part of a two-subject sequence. Covers variable coecientelliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic partial dierential equations.R. B. Melrose

18.157 Introduction to Microlocal AnalysisPrereq: 18.155Acad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Spring)3-0-9 units

The semi-classical theory of partial dierential equations. Discussionof Pseudodierential operators, Fourier integral operators,asymptotic solutions of partial dierential equations, and thespectral theory of Schroedinger operators from the semi-classicalperspective. Heavy emphasis placed on the symplectic geometricunderpinnings of this subject.P. Hintz

18.158 Topics in Dierential EquationsPrereq: 18.157Acad Year 2019-2020: G (Spring)Acad Year 2020-2021: Not oered3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Topics vary from year to year.D. S. Jerison

18.199 Graduate Analysis SeminarPrereq: Permission of instructorG (Fall)Not oered regularly; consult department3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Studies original papers in dierential analysis and dierentialequations. Intended for rst- and second-year graduate students.Permission must be secured in advance.V. W. Guillemin

Discrete Applied Mathematics

18.200 Principles of Discrete Applied MathematicsPrereq: None. Coreq: 18.06U (Spring)4-0-11 unitsCredit cannot also be received for 18.200A

Study of illustrative topics in discrete applied mathematics,including probability theory, information theory, coding theory,secret codes, generating functions, and linear programming.Instruction and practice in written communication provided.Enrollment limited.P. W. Shor

18.200A Principles of Discrete Applied MathematicsPrereq: None. Coreq: 18.06U (Fall)3-0-9 unitsCredit cannot also be received for 18.200

Study of illustrative topics in discrete applied mathematics,including probability theory, information theory, coding theory,secret codes, generating functions, and linear programming.D. Cifuentes

18.204 Undergraduate Seminar in Discrete MathematicsPrereq: ((6.042[J] or 18.200) and (18.06, 18.700, or 18.701)) orpermission of instructorU (Fall, Spring)3-0-9 units

Seminar in combinatorics, graph theory, and discrete mathematicsin general. Participants read and present papers from recentmathematics literature. Instruction and practice in written and oralcommunication provided. Enrollment limited.S. Dhara, Z. Jiang, L. Lovasz



18.211 Combinatorial AnalysisPrereq: Calculus II (GIR) and (18.06, 18.700, or 18.701)U (Fall)3-0-9 units

Combinatorial problems and methods for their solution.Enumeration, generating functions, recurrence relations,construction of bijections. Introduction to graph theory. Priorexperience with abstraction and proofs is helpful.A. Postnikov

18.212 Algebraic CombinatoricsPrereq: 18.701 or 18.703U (Spring)3-0-9 units

Applications of algebra to combinatorics. Topics include walksin graphs, the Radon transform, groups acting on posets, Youngtableaux, electrical networks.Y. Zhao

18.217 Combinatorial TheoryPrereq: Permission of instructorG (Fall)3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Content varies from year to year.Y. Zhao

18.218 Topics in CombinatoricsPrereq: Permission of instructorG (Spring)3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Topics vary from year to year.A. Postnikov

18.219 Seminar in CombinatoricsPrereq: Permission of instructorG (Fall)Not oered regularly; consult department3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Content varies from year to year. Readings from current researchpapers in combinatorics. Topics to be chosen and presented by theclass.Information: Y. Zhao

Continuous Applied Mathematics

18.300 Principles of Continuum Applied MathematicsPrereq: Calculus II (GIR) and (18.03 or 18.032)U (Spring)3-0-9 units

Covers fundamental concepts in continuous applied mathematics.Applications from trac flow, fluids, elasticity, granular flows, etc.Also covers continuum limit; conservation laws, quasi-equilibrium;kinematic waves; characteristics, simple waves, shocks; diusion(linear and nonlinear); numerical solution of wave equations;nite dierences, consistency, stability; discrete and fast Fouriertransforms; spectral methods; transforms and series (Fourier,Laplace). Additional topics may include sonic booms, Mach cone,caustics, lattices, dispersion and group velocity. Uses MATLABcomputing environment.S. Thomson

18.303 Linear Partial Dierential Equations: Analysis andNumericsPrereq: 18.06 or 18.700U (Spring)3-0-9 units

Provides students with the basic analytical and computationaltools of linear partial dierential equations (PDEs) for practicalapplications in science and engineering, including heat/diusion,wave, and Poisson equations. Analytics emphasize the viewpoint oflinear algebra and the analogy with nite matrix problems. Studiesoperator adjoints and eigenproblems, series solutions, Green'sfunctions, and separation of variables. Numerics focus on nite-dierence and nite-element techniques to reduce PDEs to matrixproblems, including stability and convergence analysis and implicit/explicit timestepping. Some programming required for homeworkand nal project.O. Kodio

18.305 Advanced Analytic Methods in Science and EngineeringPrereq: 18.04, 18.075, or 18.112G (Fall)3-0-9 units

Covers expansion around singular points: the WKB method onordinary and partial dierential equations; the method of stationaryphase and the saddle point method; the two-scale method and themethod of renormalized perturbation; singular perturbation andboundary-layer techniques; WKB method on partial dierentialequations.H. Cheng



18.306 Advanced Partial Dierential Equations with ApplicationsPrereq: (18.03 or 18.032) and (18.04, 18.075, or 18.112)G (Spring)3-0-9 units

Concepts and techniques for partial dierential equations, especiallynonlinear. Diusion, dispersion and other phenomena. Initial andboundary value problems. Normal mode analysis, Green's functions,and transforms. Conservation laws, kinematic waves, hyperbolicequations, characteristics shocks, simple waves. Geometricaloptics, caustics. Free-boundary problems. Dimensional analysis.Singular perturbation, boundary layers, homogenization. Variationalmethods. Solitons. Applications from fluid dynamics, materialsscience, optics, trac flow, etc.R. R. Rosales

18.327 Topics in Applied MathematicsPrereq: Permission of instructorAcad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Spring)3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Topics vary from year to year.L. Demanet

18.330 Introduction to Numerical AnalysisPrereq: Calculus II (GIR) and (18.03 or 18.032)U (Spring)3-0-9 units

Basic techniques for the ecient numerical solution of problems inscience and engineering. Root nding, interpolation, approximationof functions, integration, dierential equations, direct and iterativemethods in linear algebra. Knowledge of programming in a languagesuch as MATLAB, Python, or Julia is helpful.L. Demanet

18.335[J] Introduction to Numerical MethodsSame subject as 6.337[J]Prereq: 18.06, 18.700, or 18.701G (Spring)3-0-9 units

Advanced introduction to numerical analysis: accuracy and eciencyof numerical algorithms. In-depth coverage of sparse-matrix/iterativeand dense-matrix algorithms in numerical linear algebra (for linearsystems and eigenproblems). Floating-point arithmetic, backwardserror analysis, conditioning, and stability. Other computationaltopics (e.g., numerical integration or nonlinear optimization) mayalso be surveyed. Final project involves some programming.S. Johnson

18.336[J] Fast Methods for Partial Dierential and IntegralEquationsSame subject as 6.335[J]Prereq: 6.336[J], 16.920[J], 18.085, 18.335[J], or permission ofinstructorG (Fall)3-0-9 units

Unied introduction to the theory and practice of modern, nearlinear-time, numerical methods for large-scale partial-dierentialand integral equations. Topics include preconditioned iterativemethods; generalized Fast Fourier Transform and other butterfly-based methods; multiresolution approaches, such as multigridalgorithms and hierarchical low-rank matrix decompositions;and low and high frequency Fast Multipole Methods. Exampleapplications include aircra design, cardiovascular systemmodeling, electronic structure computation, and tomographicimaging.K. Burns

18.337[J] Numerical Computing and Interactive SowareSame subject as 6.338[J]Prereq: 18.06, 18.700, or 18.701G (Fall)3-0-9 units

Interdisciplinary introduction to computing with Julia. Coversscientic computing and data analysis problems. Combinesknowledge from computer science and computational scienceillustrating Julia's approach to scientic computing. Samplescientic computing topics include dense and sparse linear algebra,Fourier transforms, data handling, machine learning, and N-bodyproblems. Provides direct experience with the modern realities ofprogramming supercomputers, GPUs, and multicores in a high-levellanguage.C. Rackauckas

18.338 Eigenvalues of Random MatricesPrereq: 18.701 or permission of instructorAcad Year 2019-2020: G (Fall)Acad Year 2020-2021: Not oered3-0-9 units

Covers the modern main results of random matrix theory as itis currently applied in engineering and science. Topics includematrix calculus for nite and innite matrices (e.g., Wigner's semi-circle and Marcenko-Pastur laws), free probability, random graphs,combinatorial methods, matrix statistics, stochastic operators,passage to the continuum limit, moment methods, and compressedsensing. Knowledge of MATLAB hepful, but not required.A. Edelman



18.352[J] Nonlinear Dynamics: The Natural EnvironmentSame subject as 12.009[J]Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and Physics I (GIR); Coreq: 18.03U (Spring)3-0-9 units

See description under subject 12.009[J].D. H. Rothman

18.353[J] Nonlinear Dynamics: ChaosSame subject as 2.050[J], 12.006[J]Prereq: Physics II (GIR) and (18.03 or 18.032)U (Fall)3-0-9 units

See description under subject 12.006[J].M. Durey

18.354[J] Nonlinear Dynamics: Continuum SystemsSame subject as 1.062[J], 12.207[J]Subject meets with 18.3541Prereq: Physics II (GIR) and (18.03 or 18.032)U (Spring)3-0-9 units

General mathematical principles of continuum systems. Frommicroscopic to macroscopic descriptions in the form of linearor nonlinear (partial) dierential equations. Exact solutions,dimensional analysis, calculus of variations and singularperturbation methods. Stability, waves and pattern formation incontinuum systems. Subject matter illustrated using natural fluidand solid systems found, for example, in geophysics and biology.J. Dunkel

18.3541 Nonlinear Dynamics: Continuum SystemsSubject meets with 1.062[J], 12.207[J], 18.354[J]Prereq: Physics II (GIR) and (18.03 or 18.032)G (Spring)3-0-9 units

General mathematical principles of continuum systems. Frommicroscopic to macroscopic descriptions in the form of linearor nonlinear (partial) dierential equations. Exact solutions,dimensional analysis, calculus of variations and singularperturbation methods. Stability, waves and pattern formation incontinuum systems. Subject matter illustrated using natural fluidand solid systems found, for example, in geophysics and biology.Students in Courses 1, 12, and 18 must register for undergraduateversion, 18.354[J].J. Dunkel

18.355 Fluid MechanicsPrereq: 2.25, 12.800, or 18.354[J]Acad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Fall)3-0-9 units

Topics include the development of Navier-Stokes equations, inviscidflows, boundary layers, lubrication theory, Stokes flows, and surfacetension. Fundamental concepts illustrated through problems drawnfrom a variety of areas, including geophysics, biology, and thedynamics of sport. Particular emphasis on the interplay betweendimensional analysis, scaling arguments, and theory. Includesclassroom and laboratory demonstrations.J. W. Bush

18.357 Interfacial PhenomenaPrereq: 2.25, 12.800, 18.354[J], 18.355, or permission of instructorAcad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Spring)3-0-9 units

Fluid systems dominated by the influence of interfacial tension.Elucidates the roles of curvature pressure and Marangoni stress ina variety of hydrodynamic settings. Particular attention to dropsand bubbles, soap lms and minimal surfaces, wetting phenomena,water-repellency, surfactants, Marangoni flows, capillary origamiand contact line dynamics. Theoretical developments areaccompanied by classroom demonstrations. Highlights the role ofsurface tension in biology.J. W. Bush

18.358[J] Nonlinear Dynamics and TurbulenceSame subject as 1.686[J], 2.033[J]Subject meets with 1.068Prereq: 1.060AAcad Year 2019-2020: G (Spring)Acad Year 2020-2021: Not oered3-2-7 units

See description under subject 1.686[J].L. Bourouiba



18.367 Waves and ImagingPrereq: Permission of instructorAcad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Fall)3-0-9 units

The mathematics of inverse problems involving waves, withexamples taken from reflection seismology, synthetic apertureradar, and computerized tomography. Suitable for graduate studentsfrom all departments who have anities with applied mathematics.Topics include acoustic, elastic, electromagnetic wave equations;geometrical optics; scattering series and inversion; migration andbackprojection; adjoint-state methods; Radon and curvilinearRadon transforms; microlocal analysis of imaging; optimization,regularization, and sparse regression.L. Demanet

18.369[J] Mathematical Methods in NanophotonicsSame subject as 8.315[J]Prereq: 8.07, 18.303, or permission of instructorAcad Year 2019-2020: G (Spring)Acad Year 2020-2021: Not oered3-0-9 units

High-level approaches to understanding complex optical media,structured on the scale of the wavelength, that are not generallyanalytically soluable. The basis for understanding opticalphenomena such as photonic crystals and band gaps, anomalousdiraction, mechanisms for optical connement, optical bers (newand old), nonlinearities, and integrated optical devices. Methodscovered include linear algebra and eigensystems for Maxwell'sequations, symmetry groups and representation theory, Bloch'stheorem, numerical eigensolver methods, time and frequency-domain computation, perturbation theory, and coupled-modetheories.S. G. Johnson

18.376[J] Wave PropagationSame subject as 1.138[J], 2.062[J]Prereq: 2.003[J] and 18.075Acad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Spring)3-0-9 units

See description under subject 2.062[J].T. R. Akylas, R. R. Rosales

18.377[J] Nonlinear Dynamics and WavesSame subject as 1.685[J], 2.034[J]Prereq: Permission of instructorAcad Year 2019-2020: G (Spring)Acad Year 2020-2021: Not oered3-0-9 units

A unied treatment of nonlinear oscillations and wave phenomenawith applications to mechanical, optical, geophysical, fluid,electrical and flow-structure interaction problems. Nonlinear free andforced vibrations; nonlinear resonances; self-excited oscillations;lock-in phenomena. Nonlinear dispersive and nondispersive waves;resonant wave interactions; propagation of wave pulses andnonlinear Schrodinger equation. Nonlinear long waves and breaking;theory of characteristics; the Korteweg-de Vries equation; solitonsand solitary wave interactions. Stability of shear flows. Some topicsand applications may vary from year to year.R. R. Rosales

18.384 Undergraduate Seminar in Physical MathematicsPrereq: 12.006[J], 18.300, 18.354[J], or permission of instructorU (Fall)3-0-9 units

Covers the mathematical modeling of physical systems, withemphasis on the reading and presentation of papers. Addressesa broad range of topics, with particular focus on macroscopicphysics and continuum systems: fluid dynamics, solid mechanics,and biophysics. Instruction and practice in written and oralcommunication provided. Enrollment limited.H. Ronellentsch

18.385[J] Nonlinear Dynamics and ChaosSame subject as 2.036[J]Prereq: 18.03 or 18.032Acad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Fall)3-0-9 units

Introduction to the theory of nonlinear dynamical systems withapplications from science and engineering. Local and globalexistence of solutions, dependence on initial data and parameters.Elementary bifurcations, normal forms. Phase plane, limit cycles,relaxation oscillations, Poincare-Bendixson theory. Floquettheory. Poincare maps. Averaging. Near-equilibrium dynamics.Synchronization. Introduction to chaos. Universality. Strangeattractors. Lorenz and Rossler systems. Hamiltonian dynamics andKAM theory. Uses MATLAB computing environment.R. R. Rosales



18.397 Mathematical Methods in PhysicsPrereq: 18.745 or some familiarity with Lie theoryG (Fall)Not oered regularly; consult department3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Content varies from year to year. Recent developments in quantumeld theory require mathematical techniques not usually covered instandard graduate subjects.V. G. Kac

Theoretical Computer Science

18.400[J] Automata, Computability, and ComplexitySame subject as 6.045[J]Prereq: 6.042[J]U (Spring)4-0-8 units

See description under subject 6.045[J].R. Williams, R. Rubinfeld

18.404 Theory of ComputationSubject meets with 6.840[J], 18.4041[J]Prereq: 6.042[J] or 18.200U (Fall)4-0-8 units

A more extensive and theoretical treatment of the material in6.045[J]/18.400[J], emphasizing computability and computationalcomplexity theory. Regular and context-free languages. Decidableand undecidable problems, reducibility, recursive function theory.Time and space measures on computation, completeness, hierarchytheorems, inherently complex problems, oracles, probabilisticcomputation, and interactive proof systems.M. Sipser

18.4041[J] Theory of ComputationSame subject as 6.840[J]Subject meets with 18.404Prereq: 6.042[J] or 18.200G (Fall)4-0-8 units

A more extensive and theoretical treatment of the material in6.045[J]/18.400[J], emphasizing computability and computationalcomplexity theory. Regular and context-free languages. Decidableand undecidable problems, reducibility, recursive function theory.Time and space measures on computation, completeness, hierarchytheorems, inherently complex problems, oracles, probabilisticcomputation, and interactive proof systems. Students in Course 18must register for the undergraduate version, 18.404.M. Sipser

18.405[J] Advanced Complexity TheorySame subject as 6.841[J]Prereq: 18.404Acad Year 2019-2020: G (Fall)Acad Year 2020-2021: Not oered3-0-9 units

Current research topics in computational complexity theory.Nondeterministic, alternating, probabilistic, and parallelcomputation models. Boolean circuits. Complexity classes andcomplete sets. The polynomial-time hierarchy. Interactive proofsystems. Relativization. Denitions of randomness. Pseudo-randomness and derandomizations. Interactive proof systems andprobabilistically checkable proofs.R. Williams

18.408 Topics in Theoretical Computer SciencePrereq: Permission of instructorG (Fall)3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Study of areas of current interest in theoretical computer science.Topics vary from term to term.A. Moitra, J. A. Kelner

18.410[J] Design and Analysis of AlgorithmsSame subject as 6.046[J]Prereq: 6.006U (Fall, Spring)4-0-8 units

See description under subject 6.046[J].E. Demaine, M. Goemans



18.415[J] Advanced AlgorithmsSame subject as 6.854[J]Prereq: 6.046[J] and (6.042[J], 18.600, or 6.041)G (Fall)5-0-7 units

See description under subject 6.854[J].A. Moitra, D. R. Karger

18.416[J] Randomized AlgorithmsSame subject as 6.856[J]Prereq: (6.041 or 6.042[J]) and (6.046[J] or 6.854[J])Acad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Spring)5-0-7 units

See description under subject 6.856[J].D. R. Karger

18.417 Introduction to Computational Molecular BiologyPrereq: 6.006, 6.01, or permission of instructorG (Fall)Not oered regularly; consult department3-0-9 units

Introduces the basic computational methods used to model andpredict the structure of biomolecules (proteins, DNA, RNA). Coversclassical techniques in the eld (molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo,dynamic programming) to more recent advances in analyzing andpredicting RNA and protein structure, ranging from Hidden MarkovModels and 3-D lattice models to attribute Grammars and treeGrammars.Information: B. Berger

18.418[J] Topics in Computational Molecular BiologySame subject as HST.504[J]Prereq: 6.047, 18.417, or permission of instructorG (Spring)3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Covers current research topics in computational molecular biology.Recent research papers presented from leading conferences such asthe International Conference on Computational Molecular Biology(RECOMB) and the Conference on Intelligent Systems for MolecularBiology (ISMB). Topics include original research (both theoreticaland experimental) in comparative genomics, sequence and structureanalysis, molecular evolution, proteomics, gene expression,transcriptional regulation, biological networks, drug discovery,and privacy. Recent research by course participants also covered.Participants will be expected to present individual projects to theclass.B. Berger

18.424 Seminar in Information TheoryPrereq: (6.041, 18.05, or 18.600) and (18.06, 18.700, or 18.701)U (Fall)3-0-9 units

Considers various topics in information theory, including datacompression, Shannon's Theorems, and error-correcting codes.Students present and discuss the subject matter. Instruction andpractice in written and oral communication provided. Enrollmentlimited.P. W. Shor

18.425[J] Cryptography and CryptanalysisSame subject as 6.875[J]Prereq: 6.046[J]G (Fall)3-0-9 units

See description under subject 6.875[J].S. Goldwasser, S. Micali, V. Vaikuntanathan

18.434 Seminar in Theoretical Computer SciencePrereq: 6.046[J]U (Spring)3-0-9 units

Topics vary from year to year. Students present and discussthe subject matter. Instruction and practice in written and oralcommunication provided. Enrollment limited.W. C. Franks

18.435[J] Quantum ComputationSame subject as 2.111[J], 8.370[J]Prereq: Permission of instructorG (Fall)3-0-9 units

Provides an introduction to the theory and practice of quantumcomputation. Topics covered: physics of information processing;quantum algorithms including the factoring algorithm andGrover's search algorithm; quantum error correction; quantumcommunication and cryptography. Knowledge of quantum mechanicshelpful but not required.I. Chuang, A. Harrow, S. Lloyd, P. Shor

18.436[J] Quantum Information ScienceSame subject as 6.443[J], 8.371[J]Prereq: 18.435[J]G (Spring)3-0-9 units

See description under subject 8.371[J].I. Chuang, A. Harrow



18.437[J] Distributed AlgorithmsSame subject as 6.852[J]Prereq: 6.046[J]Acad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Fall)3-0-9 units

See description under subject 6.852[J].N. A. Lynch

18.453 Combinatorial OptimizationSubject meets with 18.4531Prereq: 18.06, 18.700, or 18.701Acad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: U (Spring)3-0-9 units

Thorough treatment of linear programming and combinatorialoptimization. Topics include matching theory, network flow, matroidoptimization, and how to deal with NP-hard optimization problems.Prior exposure to discrete mathematics (such as 18.200) helpful.Information: M. X. Goemans

18.4531 Combinatorial OptimizationSubject meets with 18.453Prereq: 18.06, 18.700, or 18.701Acad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Spring)3-0-9 units

Thorough treatment of linear programming and combinatorialoptimization. Topics include matching theory, network flow, matroidoptimization, and how to deal with NP-hard optimization problems.Prior exposure to discrete mathematics (such as 18.200) helpful.Students in Course 18 must register for the undergraduate version,18.453.Information: M. X. Goemans

18.455 Advanced Combinatorial OptimizationPrereq: 18.453 or permission of instructorAcad Year 2019-2020: G (Spring)Acad Year 2020-2021: Not oered3-0-9 units

Advanced treatment of combinatorial optimization with an emphasison combinatorial aspects. Non-bipartite matchings, submodularfunctions, matroid intersection/union, matroid matching,submodular flows, multicommodity flows, packing and connectivityproblems, and other recent developments.M. X. Goemans

18.456[J] Algebraic Techniques and Semidenite OptimizationSame subject as 6.256[J]Prereq: 6.251[J] or 15.093[J]Acad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Spring)3-0-9 units

See description under subject 6.256[J].P. Parrilo

Logic

18.504 Seminar in LogicPrereq: (18.06, 18.510, 18.700, or 18.701) and (18.100A, 18.100B,18.100P, or 18.100Q)Acad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: U (Spring)3-0-9 units

Students present and discuss the subject matter taken from currentjournals or books. Topics vary from year to year. Instruction andpractice in written and oral communication provided. Enrollmentlimited.H. Cohn

18.510 Introduction to Mathematical Logic and Set TheoryPrereq: NoneAcad Year 2019-2020: U (Fall)Acad Year 2020-2021: Not oered3-0-9 units

Propositional and predicate logic. Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory.Ordinals and cardinals. Axiom of choice and transnite induction.Elementary model theory: completeness, compactness, andLowenheim-Skolem theorems. Godel's incompleteness theorem.H. Cohn

18.515 Mathematical LogicPrereq: Permission of instructorG (Spring)Not oered regularly; consult department3-0-9 units

More rigorous treatment of basic mathematical logic, Godel'stheorems, and Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. First-order logic.Models and satisfaction. Deduction and proof. Soundness andcompleteness. Compactness and its consequences. Quantierelimination. Recursive sets and functions. Incompleteness andundecidability. Ordinals and cardinals. Set-theoretic formalization ofmathematics.Information: B. Poonen



Probability and Statistics

18.600 Probability and Random VariablesPrereq: Calculus II (GIR)U (Fall, Spring)4-0-8 units. RESTCredit cannot also be received for 6.041, 6.431, 15.079, 15.0791

Probability spaces, random variables, distribution functions.Binomial, geometric, hypergeometric, Poisson distributions.Uniform, exponential, normal, gamma and beta distributions.Conditional probability, Bayes theorem, joint distributions.Chebyshev inequality, law of large numbers, and central limittheorem. Credit cannot also be received for 6.041A or 6.041B.J. A. Kelner, S. Sheeld

18.615 Introduction to Stochastic ProcessesPrereq: 6.041 or 18.600G (Spring)3-0-9 units

Basics of stochastic processes. Markov chains, Poisson processes,random walks, birth and death processes, Brownian motion.E. Mossel

18.642 Topics in Mathematics with Applications in FinancePrereq: 18.03, 18.06, and (18.05 or 18.600)U (Fall)3-0-9 units

Introduction to mathematical concepts and techniques used innance. Lectures focusing on linear algebra, probability, statistics,stochastic processes, and numerical methods are interspersedwith lectures by nancial sector professionals illustrating thecorresponding application in the industry. Prior knowledge ofeconomics or nance helpful but not required.P. Kempthorne, V. Strela, J. Xia

18.650[J] Fundamentals of StatisticsSame subject as IDS.014[J]Subject meets with 18.6501Prereq: 18.600 or 6.041U (Fall, Spring)4-0-8 unitsCredit cannot also be received for 15.075[J], IDS.013[J]

A broad treatment of statistics, concentrating on specic statisticaltechniques used in science and industry. Topics: hypothesistesting and estimation. Condence intervals, chi-square tests,nonparametric statistics, analysis of variance, regression,correlation, decision theory, and Bayesian statistics.Fall: P. Rigollet. Spring: T. Maunu

18.6501 Fundamentals of StatisticsSubject meets with 18.650[J], IDS.014[J]Prereq: 18.600 or 6.041G (Fall, Spring)4-0-8 unitsCredit cannot also be received for 15.075[J], IDS.013[J]

A broad treatment of statistics, concentrating on specic statisticaltechniques used in science and industry. Topics: hypothesistesting and estimation. Condence intervals, chi-square tests,nonparametric statistics, analysis of variance, regression,correlation, decision theory, and Bayesian statistics. Students inCourse 18 must register for the undergraduate version, 18.650[J].Fall: P. Rigollet. Spring: T. Maunu

18.655 Mathematical StatisticsPrereq: Permission of instructorG (Spring)3-0-9 units

Decision theory, estimation, condence intervals, hypothesistesting. Introduces large sample theory. Asymptotic eciency ofestimates. Exponential families. Sequential analysis.P. Kempthorne

18.657 Topics in StatisticsPrereq: Permission of instructorAcad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Spring)3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Topics vary from term to term.P. Rigollet

18.675 Theory of Probability (18.175)Prereq: 18.100A, 18.100B, 18.100P, or 18.100QG (Fall)3-0-9 units

Sums of independent random variables, central limit phenomena,innitely divisible laws, Levy processes, Brownian motion,conditioning, and martingales. Prior exposure to probability (e.g.,18.600) recommended.N. Sun



18.676 Stochastic Calculus (18.176)Prereq: 18.175G (Spring)3-0-9 units

Introduction to stochastic processes, building on the fundamentalexample of Brownian motion. Topics include Brownian motion,continuous parameter martingales, Ito's theory of stochasticdierential equations, Markov processes and partial dierentialequations, and may also include local time and excursion theory.Students should have familiarity with Lebesgue integration and itsapplication to probability.N. Sun

18.677 Topics in Stochastic Processes (18.177)Prereq: 18.675G (Spring)3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Topics vary from year to year.S. Sheeld

Algebra and Number Theory

18.700 Linear AlgebraPrereq: Calculus II (GIR)U (Fall)3-0-9 units. RESTCredit cannot also be received for 18.06

Vector spaces, systems of linear equations, bases, linearindependence, matrices, determinants, eigenvalues, inner products,quadratic forms, and canonical forms of matrices. More emphasis ontheory and proofs than in 18.06.D. A. Vogan

18.701 Algebra IPrereq: 18.100A, 18.100B, 18.100P, 18.100Q, or permission ofinstructorU (Fall)3-0-9 units

18.701-18.702 is more extensive and theoretical than the18.700-18.703 sequence. Experience with proofs necessary. 18.701focuses on group theory, geometry, and linear algebra.M. Artin

18.702 Algebra IIPrereq: 18.701U (Spring)3-0-9 units

Continuation of 18.701. Focuses on group representations, rings,ideals, elds, polynomial rings, modules, factorization, integers inquadratic number elds, eld extensions, and Galois theory.A. Shankar

18.703 Modern AlgebraPrereq: Calculus II (GIR)U (Spring)3-0-9 units

Focuses on traditional algebra topics that have found greatestapplication in science and engineering as well as in mathematics:group theory, emphasizing nite groups; ring theory, includingideals and unique factorization in polynomial and Euclidean rings;eld theory, including properties and applications of nite elds.18.700 and 18.703 together form a standard algebra sequence.J. Shen

18.704 Seminar in AlgebraPrereq: 18.701, (18.06 and 18.703), or (18.700 and 18.703)U (Fall)3-0-9 units

Topics vary from year to year. Students present and discussthe subject matter. Instruction and practice in written and oralcommunication provided. Some experience with proofs required.Enrollment limited.J.-L. Kim

18.705 Commutative AlgebraPrereq: 18.702G (Fall)3-0-9 units

Exactness, direct limits, tensor products, Cayley-Hamilton theorem,integral dependence, localization, Cohen-Seidenberg theory,Noether normalization, Nullstellensatz, chain conditions, primarydecomposition, length, Hilbert functions, dimension theory,completion, Dedekind domains.B. Poonen



18.706 Noncommutative AlgebraPrereq: 18.702Acad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Fall)3-0-9 units

Topics may include Wedderburn theory and structure of Artinianrings, Morita equivalence and elements of category theory,localization and Goldie's theorem, central simple algebras and theBrauer group, representations, polynomial identity rings, invarianttheory growth of algebras, Gelfand-Kirillov dimension.R. Bezrukavnikov

18.708 Topics in AlgebraPrereq: 18.705Acad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Spring)3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Topics vary from year to year.Z. Yun

18.715 Introduction to Representation TheoryPrereq: 18.702 or 18.703Acad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Fall)3-0-9 units

Algebras, representations, Schur's lemma. Representations of SL(2).Representations of nite groups, Maschke's theorem, characters,applications. Induced representations, Burnside's theorem, Mackeyformula, Frobenius reciprocity. Representations of quivers.G. Lusztig

18.721 Introduction to Algebraic GeometryPrereq: 18.702 and 18.901Acad Year 2019-2020: U (Spring)Acad Year 2020-2021: Not oered3-0-9 units

Presents basic examples of complex algebraic varieties, ane andprojective algebraic geometry, sheaves, cohomology.M. Artin

18.725 Algebraic Geometry IPrereq: None. Coreq: 18.705G (Fall)3-0-9 units

Introduces the basic notions and techniques of modern algebraicgeometry. Covers fundamental notions and results about algebraicvarieties over an algebraically closed eld; relations betweencomplex algebraic varieties and complex analytic varieties;and examples with emphasis on algebraic curves and surfaces.Introduction to the language of schemes and properties ofmorphisms. Knowledge of elementary algebraic topology,elementary dierential geometry recommended, but not required.C. Xu

18.726 Algebraic Geometry IIPrereq: 18.725G (Spring)3-0-9 units

Continuation of the introduction to algebraic geometry given in18.725. More advanced properties of the varieties and morphisms ofschemes, as well as sheaf cohomology.C. Xu

18.727 Topics in Algebraic GeometryPrereq: 18.725Acad Year 2019-2020: G (Spring)Acad Year 2020-2021: Not oered3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Topics vary from year to year.A. Negut

18.737 Algebraic GroupsPrereq: 18.705Acad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Spring)3-0-9 units

Structure of linear algebraic groups over an algebraically closedeld, with emphasis on reductive groups. Representations of groupsover a nite eld using methods from etale cohomology. Someresults from algebraic geometry are stated without proof.B. Poonen



18.745 Lie Groups and Lie Algebras IPrereq: (18.701 or 18.703) and (18.100A, 18.100B, 18.100P, or18.100Q)G (Fall)3-0-9 units

Covers fundamentals of the theory of Lie algebras and relatedgroups. Topics may include theorems of Engel and Lie; envelopingalgebra, Poincare-Birkho-Witt theorem; classication andconstruction of semisimple Lie algebras; the center of theirenveloping algebras; elements of representation theory; compact Liegroups and/or nite Chevalley groups.G. Lusztig

18.747 Innite-dimensional Lie AlgebrasPrereq: 18.745Acad Year 2019-2020: G (Fall)Acad Year 2020-2021: Not oered3-0-9 units

Topics vary from year to year.P. I. Etingof

18.748 Topics in Lie TheoryPrereq: Permission of instructorAcad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Spring)3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Topics vary from year to year.P. I. Etingof

18.755 Lie Groups and Lie Algebras IIPrereq: 18.745 or permission of instructorG (Spring)3-0-9 units

A more in-depth treatment of Lie groups and Lie algebras. Topicsmay include homogeneous spaces and groups of automorphisms;representations of compact groups and their geometric realizations,Peter-Weyl theorem; invariant dierential forms and cohomology ofLie groups and homogeneous spaces; complex reductive Lie groups,classication of real reductive groups.D. A. Vogan

18.757 Representations of Lie GroupsPrereq: 18.745 or 18.755G (Spring)Not oered regularly; consult department3-0-9 units

Covers representations of locally compact groups, with emphasis oncompact groups and abelian groups. Includes Peter-Weyl theoremand Cartan-Weyl highest weight theory for compact Lie groups.Information: R. Bezrukavnikov

18.781 Theory of NumbersPrereq: NoneU (Spring)3-0-9 units

An elementary introduction to number theory with no algebraicprerequisites. Primes, congruences, quadratic reciprocity,diophantine equations, irrational numbers, continued fractions,partitions.C. Wan

18.782 Introduction to Arithmetic GeometryPrereq: 18.702Acad Year 2019-2020: U (Fall)Acad Year 2020-2021: Not oered3-0-9 units

Exposes students to arithmetic geometry, motivated by the problemof nding rational points on curves. Includes an introduction to p-adic numbers and some fundamental results from number theoryand algebraic geometry, such as the Hasse-Minkowski theorem andthe Riemann-Roch theorem for curves. Additional topics may includeMordell's theorem, the Weil conjectures, and Jacobian varieties.J. Whang

18.783 Elliptic CurvesSubject meets with 18.7831Prereq: 18.702, 18.703, or permission of instructorAcad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: U (Fall)3-0-9 units

Computationally focused introduction to elliptic curves, withapplications to number theory and cryptography. Topics includepoint-counting, isogenies, pairings, and the theory of complexmultiplication, with applications to integer factorization, primalityproving, and elliptic curve cryptography. Includes a brief introductionto modular curves and the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem.A. Sutherland



18.7831 Elliptic CurvesSubject meets with 18.783Prereq: 18.702, 18.703, or permission of instructorAcad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Fall)3-0-9 units

Computationally focused introduction to elliptic curves, withapplications to number theory and cryptography. Topics includepoint-counting, isogenies, pairings, and the theory of complexmultiplication, with applications to integer factorization, primalityproving, and elliptic curve cryptography. Includes a brief introductionto modular curves and the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem. Studentsin Course 18 must register for the undergraduate version, 18.783.A. Sutherland

18.784 Seminar in Number TheoryPrereq: 18.701 or (18.703 and (18.06 or 18.700))U (Spring)3-0-9 units

Topics vary from year to year. Students present and discussthe subject matter. Instruction and practice in written and oralcommunication provided. Enrollment limited.J.-L. Kim

18.785 Number Theory IPrereq: None. Coreq: 18.705G (Fall)3-0-9 units

Dedekind domains, unique factorization of ideals, splitting ofprimes. Lattice methods, niteness of the class group, Dirichlet'sunit theorem. Local elds, ramication, discriminants. Zeta andL-functions, analytic class number formula. Adeles and ideles.Statements of class eld theory and the Chebotarev densitytheorem.A. Sutherland

18.786 Number Theory IIPrereq: 18.785G (Spring)3-0-9 units

Continuation of 18.785. More advanced topics in number theory,such as Galois cohomology, proofs of class eld theory, modularforms and automorphic forms, Galois representations, or quadraticforms.W. Zhang

18.787 Topics in Number TheoryPrereq: Permission of instructorAcad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Fall)3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Topics vary from year to year.W. Zhang

Mathematics Laboratory

18.821 Project Laboratory in MathematicsPrereq: Two mathematics subjects numbered 18.10 or aboveU (Fall, Spring)3-6-3 units. Institute LAB

Guided research in mathematics, employing the scienticmethod. Students confront puzzling and complex mathematicalsituations, through the acquisition of data by computer, penciland paper, or physical experimentation, and attempt to explainthem mathematically. Students choose three projects from a largecollection of options. Each project results in a laboratory reportsubject to revision; oral presentation on one or two projects. Projectsdrawn from many areas, including dynamical systems, numbertheory, algebra, fluid mechanics, asymptotic analysis, knot theory,and probability. Enrollment limited.H. Cohn, R. Bezrukavnikov

Topology and Geometry

18.900 Geometry and Topology in the PlanePrereq: 18.03 or 18.06U (Fall)3-0-9 units

Covers selected topics in geometry and topology, which can bevisualized in the two-dimensional plane. Polygons and polygonalpaths. Billiards. Closed curves and immersed curves. Algebraiccurves. Triangulations and complexes. Hyperbolic geometry.Geodesics and curvature. Other topics may be included as timepermits.P. Seidel



18.901 Introduction to TopologySubject meets with 18.9011Prereq: 18.100A, 18.100B, 18.100P, 18.100Q, or permission ofinstructorU (Fall, Spring)3-0-9 units

Introduces topology, covering topics fundamental to modern analysisand geometry. Topological spaces and continuous functions,connectedness, compactness, separation axioms, covering spaces,and the fundamental group.Fall: M. Storegen. Spring: G. Lusztig

18.9011 Introduction to TopologySubject meets with 18.901Prereq: 18.100A, 18.100B, 18.100P, 18.100Q, or permission ofinstructorG (Fall, Spring)3-0-9 units

Introduces topology, covering topics fundamental to modern analysisand geometry. Topological spaces and continuous functions,connectedness, compactness, separation axioms, covering spaces,and the fundamental group. Students in Course 18 must register forthe undergraduate version, 18.901.Fall: M. Storegen. Spring: G. Lusztig

18.904 Seminar in TopologyPrereq: 18.901U (Fall)3-0-9 units

Topics vary from year to year. Students present and discussthe subject matter. Instruction and practice in written and oralcommunication provided. Enrollment limited.T. Bachmann

18.905 Algebraic Topology IPrereq: 18.901 and (18.701 or 18.703)G (Fall)3-0-9 units

Singular homology, CW complexes, universal coecient and Künneththeorems, cohomology, cup products, Poincaré duality.Z. Xu

18.906 Algebraic Topology IIPrereq: 18.905G (Spring)3-0-9 units

Continues the introduction to Algebraic Topology from 18.905. Topicsinclude basic homotopy theory, spectral sequences, characteristicclasses, and cohomology operations.J. Hahn

18.917 Topics in Algebraic TopologyPrereq: 18.906Acad Year 2019-2020: G (Spring)Acad Year 2020-2021: Not oered3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Content varies from year to year. Introduces new and signicantdevelopments in algebraic topology with the focus on homotopytheory and related areas.Z. Xu

18.919 Graduate Topology SeminarPrereq: 18.906G (Fall)3-0-9 units

Study and discussion of important original papers in the variousparts of algebraic topology. Open to all students who have taken18.906 or the equivalent, not only prospective topologists.H. R. Miller

18.937 Topics in Geometric TopologyPrereq: Permission of instructorAcad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Spring)3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Content varies from year to year. Introduces new and signicantdevelopments in geometric topology.T. S. Mrowka



18.950 Dierential GeometrySubject meets with 18.9501Prereq: (18.06, 18.700, or 18.701) and (18.100A, 18.100B, 18.100P, or18.100Q)U (Spring)3-0-9 units

Introduction to dierential geometry, centered on notions ofcurvature. Starts with curves in the plane, and proceeds to higherdimensional submanifolds. Computations in coordinate charts: rstand second fundamental form, Christoel symbols. Discusses thedistinction between extrinsic and intrinsic aspects, in particularGauss' theorema egregium. The Gauss-Bonnet theorem. Geodesics.Examples such as hyperbolic space.P. Hintz

18.9501 Dierential GeometrySubject meets with 18.950Prereq: (18.06, 18.700, or 18.701) and (18.100A, 18.100B, 18.100P, or18.100Q)G (Spring)3-0-9 units

Introduction to dierential geometry, centered on notions ofcurvature. Starts with curves in the plane, and proceeds to higherdimensional submanifolds. Computations in coordinate charts: rstand second fundamental form, Christoel symbols. Discusses thedistinction between extrinsic and intrinsic aspects, in particularGauss' theorema egregium. The Gauss-Bonnet theorem. Geodesics.Examples such as hyperbolic space. Students in Course 18 mustregister for the undergraduate version, 18.950.P. Hintz

18.952 Theory of Dierential FormsPrereq: 18.101 and (18.700 or 18.701)U (Spring)3-0-9 units

Multilinear algebra: tensors and exterior forms. Dierential formson Rn: exterior dierentiation, the pull-back operation and thePoincaré lemma. Applications to physics: Maxwell's equations fromthe dierential form perspective. Integration of forms on open setsof Rn. The change of variables formula revisited. The degree of adierentiable mapping. Dierential forms on manifolds and De Rhamtheory. Integration of forms on manifolds and Stokes' theorem. Thepush-forward operation for forms. Thom forms and intersectiontheory. Applications to dierential topology.V. W. Guillemin

18.965 Geometry of Manifolds IPrereq: 18.101, 18.950, or 18.952G (Fall)3-0-9 units

Dierential forms, introduction to Lie groups, the DeRham theorem,Riemannian manifolds, curvature, the Hodge theory. 18.966 is acontinuation of 18.965 and focuses more deeply on various aspectsof the geometry of manifolds. Contents vary from year to year, andcan range from Riemannian geometry (curvature, holonomy) tosymplectic geometry, complex geometry and Hodge-Kahler theory, orsmooth manifold topology. Prior exposure to calculus on manifolds,as in 18.952, recommended.T. Collins

18.966 Geometry of Manifolds IIPrereq: 18.965G (Spring)3-0-9 units

Continuation of 18.965, focusing more deeply on various aspectsof the geometry of manifolds. Contents vary from year to year, andcan range from Riemannian geometry (curvature, holonomy) tosymplectic geometry, complex geometry and Hodge-Kahler theory, orsmooth manifold topology.W. Minicozzi

18.968 Topics in GeometryPrereq: 18.965Acad Year 2019-2020: G (Spring)Acad Year 2020-2021: Not oered3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Content varies from year to year.P. Seidel

18.979 Graduate Geometry SeminarPrereq: Permission of instructorAcad Year 2019-2020: Not oeredAcad Year 2020-2021: G (Spring)3-0-9 unitsCan be repeated for credit.

Content varies from year to year. Study of classical papers ingeometry and in applications of analysis to geometry and topology.T. Mrowka



18.994 Seminar in GeometryPrereq: (18.06, 18.700, or 18.701) and (18.100A, 18.100B, 18.100P, or18.100Q)U (Spring)3-0-9 units

Students present and discuss subject matter taken from currentjournals or books. Topics vary from year to year. Instruction andpractice in written and oral communication provided. Enrollmentlimited.C. Mantoulidis

18.999 Research in MathematicsPrereq: Permission of instructorG (Fall, Spring, Summer)Units arrangedCan be repeated for credit.

Opportunity for study of graduate-level topics in mathematicsunder the supervision of a member of the department. For graduatestudents desiring advanced work not provided in regular subjects.Information: W. Minicozzi

18.UR Undergraduate ResearchPrereq: Permission of instructorU (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)Units arranged [P/D/F]Can be repeated for credit.

Undergraduate research opportunities in mathematics. Permissionrequired in advance to register for this subject. For furtherinformation, consult the departmental coordinator.Information: W. Minicozzi

18.THG Graduate ThesisPrereq: Permission of instructorG (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)Units arrangedCan be repeated for credit.

Program of research leading to the writing of a Ph.D. thesis; to bearranged by the student and an appropriate MIT faculty member.Information: W. Minicozzi

18.S096 Special Subject in MathematicsPrereq: Permission of instructorU (Fall, IAP)Units arrangedCan be repeated for credit.

Opportunity for group study of subjects in mathematics nototherwise included in the curriculum. Oerings are initiated bymembers of the Mathematics faculty on an ad hoc basis, subject todepartmental approval. 18.S097 is graded P/D/F.Fall: K. Okoudjou

18.S097 Special Subject in MathematicsPrereq: Permission of instructorU (IAP)Units arranged [P/D/F]Can be repeated for credit.

Opportunity for group study of subjects in mathematics nototherwise included in the curriculum. Oerings are initiated bymembers of the Mathematics faculty on an ad hoc basis, subject todepartmental approval. 18.S097 is graded P/D/F.Information: W. Minicozzi

18.S190 Special Subject in Mathematics (New)Prereq: Permission of instructorU (IAP)Units arrangedCan be repeated for credit.

Opportunity for group study of subjects in mathematics nototherwise included in the curriculum. Oerings are initiated bymembers of the Mathematics faculty on an ad hoc basis, subject todepartmental approval.Sta

18.S191 Special Subject in Mathematics (New)Prereq: Permission of instructorU (IAP)Units arranged [P/D/F]Can be repeated for credit.

Opportunity for group study of subjects in mathematics nototherwise included in the curriculum. Oerings are initiated bymembers of the Mathematics faculty on an ad hoc basis, subject todepartmental approval. 18.S191 is graded P/D/F.Sta



18.S995 Special Subject in MathematicsPrereq: Permission of instructorG (Fall)Units arrangedCan be repeated for credit.

Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects in mathematicsnot otherwise included in the curriculum. Oerings are initiated bymembers of the mathematics faculty on an ad hoc basis, subject todepartmental approval.E. Mossel

18.S996 Special Subject in MathematicsPrereq: Permission of instructorG (Fall)Units arrangedCan be repeated for credit.

Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects in mathematicsnot otherwise included in the curriculum. Oerings are initiated bymembers of the Mathematics faculty on an ad hoc basis, subject toDepartmental approval.T. Lam

18.S997 Special Subject in MathematicsPrereq: Permission of instructorG (IAP)Units arrangedCan be repeated for credit.

Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects in mathematicsnot otherwise included in the curriculum. Oerings are initiated bymembers of the Mathematics faculty on an ad hoc basis, subject toDepartmental approval.Information: W. Minicozzi

18.S998 Special Subject in MathematicsPrereq: Permission of instructorG (Spring)Units arrangedCan be repeated for credit.

Opportunity for group study of advanced subjects in mathematicsnot otherwise included in the curriculum. Oerings are initiated bymembers of the Mathematics faculty on an ad hoc basis, subject todepartmental approval.Information: W. Minicozzi


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