Norwegian University of Science and Technology • Trondheim, Norway

DEPARTMENT OF MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY

ANNUAL REPORT 2004

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Editorial ................................................................................................................................... 3Professor Georg Hagen in memory .......................................................................................... 4International evaluation of the department ............................................................................... 5International Courses ........................................................................................................ 6Science Stories ..................................................................................................................... 7Publications ..................................................................................................................... 22Equipment ..................................................................................................................... 28Guest Lecturers ..................................................................................................................... 30Seminars .................................................................................................................................. 32Staff .................................................................................................................................. 33Graduate Studies ..................................................................................................................... 37Course Program ..................................................................................................................... 44Graduated M.Sc.Students with Titles of their Diploma ............................................................... 46M.Sc. Students ..................................................................................................................... 49Honours, Extracurricular Acitivities .......................................................................................... 50

Picture on front page: Tensile strength measurement. Foto: NTNU info/Rune Ness

Annual report for

Department of Materials TechnologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim - Norway

Internet address: http://www.material.ntnu.no/2004

The editor thanks

- Brit Meland, Åse Lill Salomonsen, Hilde Martinsen Nordø and Martha Bjerknesfor collecting the administrative data,

- Geir Andersen, Jan-Otto Hoel, Trygve Foosnæs, Harald Nissen and TharaldTharaldsen for photographic work,

- Inger Reistad Rygh and Raymond Nilsson at SINTEF Media for layout

- Grytting AS for printing

and special thanks to Anne Jagtøyen who has had the responsibility to get themanuscript together

EDITORIAL

This annual report from the Department ofMaterials Technology is divided in two parts.The first part comprises the Science Stories,Publication List and List of Equipment whichmay be useful for external readers and thesewho want to work with us. The second partis primarily intended for the archives, but itis very useful in the budget process and is apermanent record of activity - Department ofInorganic Chemistry started this back in1960.

Department of Materials Technology consistsof the former Department of Metallurgy,Department of Inorganic Chemistry andDepartment of Industrial Electrochemistry. Ithas 18 professors, 4 associate professors, 13adjunct professors, 12 professor emeritus, atechnical and administrative staff of 22, 57graduate students and additionally 38 nonpermanent employees.

The organization has not changed this year,but the Inorganic Chemistry group had tovacate Chemistry Building II due to totalrenovation. The temporary move intoChemistry Building I went better thanexpected. A needed evaluation of necessaryequipment was performed, and a substantialamount went to storage. It remains to beseen how much will be returned by the moveback into Chemistry Building II.

The Department got a very favourable evalu-ation by an international committee appoin-ted by The Norwegian Research Council. Themain conclusions are included in the presentreport.

The Department receives students from twosources: The K3 students are enrolled in theMaterials Technology program from the 1styear. The K1 students are enrolled in theChemistry and Biotechnology program butchoose Materials Technology in the 3rd year.The total number of students in the last 3years is 80 and about equally divided into K1and K3. Both the number and quality of students have increased, and for instancethis year the failure rate in the 1st yearmathematic course was 4 % and 8 % for K1and K3, respectively. This is a dramaticimprovement from 2001 when the numbers

were 50 % and 69 %. Part of this improve-ment is due to more efficient teaching, butthe highschool grade by admittance has alsogone up.

The Department is also responsible for allteaching of general chemistry to engineeringstudents, about 800 in total. The internatio-nal Master of Science program in LightMetals Production is now in its 2nd year with6 students in each class. The Department hasalso received 20 foreign guest students.

The Ph.D. degree has been granted to 10graduate students, and 19 have completedtheir Master of Science degree.

The International Course on ProcessMetallurgy of Aluminium had record atten-dance this year with 120 participants from28 countries. The course Fundamentals ofAluminium Production had 41 participantsfrom 16 countries. Silicon for the ChemicalIndustry, which was arranged on the coastalsteamer from Tromsø to Bergen, had 121participants from 20 countries.

The number of publications this year is 124. This year's publication list is dividedinto categories to make it easier accessible.

The Department cooperates with SINTEF sharing projects and facilities. TheDepartment has kept the traditional closecontact with Norwegian industry, particular-ly HYDRO Aluminium, ELKEM Aluminium,SØRAL, HYDRO, ELKEM and STATOIL. We havenot listed our economy or sponsors, but thehigh scientific activity with 57 graduate stu-dents and 124 publications could not havetaken place without extensive support fromnational and international sources.

Harald A. Øye

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From the editor

Georg Hagen was born and grew up inBergen with his family. In 1960 he came toTrondheim to begin studies for “sivilingeniøri kjemi” (M.Sc. in Chemistry). As a studenthe was very active, both in his studies andin social life. He was a member of theStudent Orchestra and of Bodega Jazz-band,where he played trombone in the period from1960 to 1975.

Georg finished his master studies in Physicalchemistry in 1964 and obtained later a PhD-degree in Theoretical chemistry withProfessor Sven Cyvin as his supervisor. He then became lecturer in generalchemistry at the Department of IndustrialElectrochemistry in 1970. His main task was to establish the chemistry education fornon-chemists. He did a demanding andexcellent job in a long period, being respon-sible for very large classes without muchassistance. Later he developed special cour-ses for electrochemistry students and otherstudents both at undergraduate and gradua-te levels. In the new integrated Departmentof Materials Technology he was very active indesigning the curriculum for the newMaterial study program.

Georg was a very able and pioneeringscientist, always with ideas for new activ-ities. In the 1980s he introduced new methods for corrosion studies. Later he wasone of the fathers of a considerable researchactivity in an emerging theme, production,characterization and exploitation of con-ducting polymers, with several graduate stu-dents. In this period Georg had importantsabbatical years at Case Western ReserveUniversity in Cleveland, with the famousProfessor Ernest Yeager in 1975-1976 and atRockwell Institute of Technology inThousand Oaks, California in 1985-1986.

In 1978-1980 Georg had a three years stayat the University of Dar es Salaam inTanzania as a Norad engaged lecturer in physical chemistry. In Tanzania the familymet people and environment very differentfrom Europe with another type of life andwith a new kind of humanity and warm-hearted hospitality. The family had three exi-ting years which they later very often talkedabout. Georg continued this engagementwith Norad in Dar es Salaam. He visited thecountry many times in the period 1980-1996and had both undergraduate and graduatestudents from Tanzania for studies at NTH.

In the mid-nineties Georg started hisperhaps most important research programs.This period was very much related to re-newable energy and hydrogen technology.He initiated an important research activity

with national and Nordic programs on solarcell research and development of processesfor solar quality silicon. This is now anexpanding activity, ranging from funda-mental research to industrial development.Here Georg showed great creativity andadministrative and cooperating skills, whereresearch institutes like SINTEF and IFE beca-me involved. At the same time Georg was acentral part in the rather large hydrogenactivity the Electrochemistry group develo-ped the last ten years.

In the whole period he supervised aconsiderable number of undergraduate andgraduate students and was a scientificadviser to SINTEF.

Georg was always very interested and welloriented in social and political issues, bothlocally and globally. He was always a strongbeliever in international justice and globalwelfare and critical to the Western domin-ance in world politics and the exploitation ofpeople and natural resources by the modernsociety. His great efforts in educatingAfrican students both in Tanzania andNorway, was a consequence of this.

About ten years ago Georg got a lymph cancer which he periodically suffered moreor less strongly from the rest of his life. He did not talk about his illness and wasalways optimistic. In most of this time hewas active in giving lectures, supervisingstudents and starting, as well as carrying outresearch projects. During 2004 he was perio-dically very ill. Last summer, however, hetook still part in scientific conferences, inarranging seminars, in meetings and insupervising students.

Georg was a devoted husband to Elsa and a kind and unselfish father to his two children Cathrine and Christian. His conside-rate nature and great knowledge will be missed by his family and by everybody elsewho knew him.

We honour his memory.

Reidar Tunold

ProfessorGeorgHagen in memory

Professor Georg Hagenpassed away 28. October 2004. When he left us, NTNU lost a very competent teacher and scientist.

All of us lost a goodcolleague and friend.

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EVALUATION

The evaluations and recommendationswere summarized as follows:

This department has world class researcheffort with outstanding activities in bothprocess metallurgy and physical metallurgy.It has very effective leadership that has pro-vided a forum for discussions and developeda strategic plan for the future. The newstructure that includes inorganic chemistryand electrochemistry provides a unique plat-form to expand the range of activities of thedepartment.

However the department will have a problemto gain full advantage of the available syner-gies between chemistry and metallurgy without locating them in close proximity (inthe same building or adjacent buildings).

Moreover the administration – having desig-nated materials a thrust area and made thegroup of Materials, Inorganic chemistry, andElectrochemistry – should give real conside-ration to the faculty numbers needed andthe support staff needed for instrumentationetc. This is a new grouping with a very richpotential for the future – it needs to look atways of developing the curriculum to exploitits potential and to serve the basis for a science based manufacturing effort in NTNUwhich could be a Centre of excellence whichis complementary to the Nanoscience Centrewhich is developed in Oslo.

Another two serious obstacles exist – theremust be a plan for faculty renewal so that

the number of faculty does not fall below itscurrent level and space must be provided orrenovated to encourage new synergetic activities such as the development of micro-and nanostructures.

There is also a need to examine whether teaching loads could be reduced by curricu-lum rationalization and a more collaborativeapproach to research in some areas e.g. theinteraction of materials science and mecha-nics. The Panel considers the department'sproductivity excellent in terms of both research and teaching, yet they are beingasked to work harder. That cannot be astable situation.

The department has excellent internationalcollaboration and has hosted summer scho-ols and short courses to project the image ofNTNU research in a very positive manner.

This could perhaps also be said in the areaof new technologies for production of nano-scale material at some point in the future. Itis astounding that the department was notdesignated as a Centre of Excellence and thisaspect should be reconsidered at some pointin the future. An excellent example of theproductivity and collaboration at the depart-ment is the solar cell project that has beenachieved through collaborative work withother departments, from basic science toNorwegian products.

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International evalution of the department

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The group consisted of

• Prof. Janne Carlsson, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden - Chairman • Prof. Preben Terndrup Pedersen, DTU, Denmark • Prof. Robert H. Wagoner, Ohio State University, USA • Prof. Alois K. Schlarb, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany • Prof. David Embury, McMaster University, Canada• Prof. Michael J. Baker, University of Aberdeen, Scotland • Prof. Jan G. Rots, TU Delfth, The Netherlands • Prof. Asko Riitahuhta, Tampere University of Technology, Finland • Dr. Mikael Nygårds, STFI-Packforsk, Sweden acted as scientific secretary of the evaluation panel.

The Department has been evaluated by an international group of professors appointed by TheNorwegian Research Council.

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INTERNATIONAL COURCES›››

International courses in 2004

Fundamentals of Aluminium Production 41 participants from 16 countries, May 10 - May 21, 2004.

The 23rd International Course on Process Metallurgy of Aluminium

May 24 - 28, 2004. 120 participants from 28 countries

Silicon for the Chemical Industry VIISeptember 21 - 24, 2004. 121 participants from 20 countries.

SCIENCE STORIES

14C-analysis has proven that more than2000 years ago people in Norway began pro-ducing solid blooms of low-carbon, malle-able iron. On the other hand, any metallur-gist knows that iron ore, e. g. in the form ofochre, FeOOH with some 5 % SiO2, afterreduction in a charcoal-fired furnace shouldend up as pieces of brittle iron with 1 - 2 %C, and unreacted SiO2. So how did theymanage to produce high-quality, malleableiron?

Finds at certain places have revealed thatore was sintered prior to reduction. The chemical processes taking place during thesintering may be described as a partialreduction:

Fe2O3 + CO(g) = 2 FeO + CO2(g)followed by 2 FeO + SiO2 = Fe2SiO4

This probably took place in a fairly simplefurnace. The resulting pieces of solid FeO

and Fe2SiO4 were crushed and smelted in asecond charcoal-fired furnace, where reduc-tion according to

FeO + CO(g) = Fe + CO2(g)

took place. As FeO in Fe2SiO4 is less redu-cible than free FeO, this iron silicate control-led the oxygen potential and preventedsaturation with carbon. It was separated asa liquid at operating temperatures. This pro-cess might leave up to one third of the ironvalue in the ore as a waste product in theslag, while most would appear as valuablelow-carbon, malleable iron. This direct pro-cess and certain alternatives were in useover a period of more than 1500 years.

Museum pieces show that the final productafter successful smelting was a bloom weig-hing some 15 to 20 kg (Early Iron Age) or 6to 10 kg (Late Iron Age), normally contai-ning less than 0.1% C. The corresponding

slag contained some 60% FeO and 25% SiO2.The new idea is corroborated by sinter foundat different sites such as Sjøholt, Sunnmøre(NW Norway); Møsstrond, Telemark (SNorway) and Åmot, Østerdalen (SE Norway).

Nobody has as yet been fully able to repro-duce the oldest techniques. This new ideawith sinter as an intermediate product isbased on thermodynamic reasoning as wellas chemical analyses, metallography and X-ray diffraction on samples collected duringfield work. The finds may have a major effecton future experiments and ongoing archaeo-logical excavations.

Espelund, A., 2005: The mechanism ofbloomery ironmaking. The introduction of iron in Eurasia. Uppsala (in print).

Arne Wang Espelund

Iron metallurgy in ancient Norway

Fig. 1. Two archaeologists and a metallurgystudent at work at the remains of a sintering

furnace in June 2004. Unni Grøtberg, SivAnita Lundø and Johanna Wåsjø.

Fig. 2. Micrograph (SEM) of sample 200098 B, excavated in 2003.

White–metallic Fe, Light grey grains – FeO, dark grey matrix fayalite Fe2SiO4.

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What was the secret behind successful ironmaking 2000 years ago?

Onshore installations160 km from wells

Hydrocarbons, water and MEG in tubing.1. MEG to prevent hydrate formation.2. NaHCO to prevent corrosion.3. Software to predict mineral precipitation.

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››› SCIENCE STORIES

Two very large gas/condensate projects areat present being developed, Snøhvit (Statoil)and Ormen Lange (Norsk Hydro). The hydro-carbons produced will be transported to theshore in pipelines.

From Snøhvit this pipeline will run 160 kmalong the seabed before it reaches the onshore installations. This poses several problems. The two most serious are corrosionof the inner wall of the pipeline, and clogging of the pipeline by gas hydrates and/or mineral deposits. To prevent hydrate for-mation, mono ethylene glycol (MEG) is addedto the well stream. MEG also changes the

mineral solubility of the water-MEG phaseand hence the chances for mineral deposits.

To prevent corrosion of the pipeline, sodiumhydrogen carbonate, NaHCO3, is added. Inthis context, the Mineral Scale Group at ourdepartment, together with Institute ofEnergy Technology (IFE) at Kjeller, have acontract with Statoil and Norsk Hydro tostudy these operational challenges.

Altogether, this two- or three-phase mixturepresents a very complicated system withrespect to its thermodynamics and physicalproperties. The efforts have been threefold:

First, to accumulate data for each compo-nent and for the whole system as far asknown and running experiments to deter-mine properties where data were missing.Second, theoretical and modeling work hasbeen done to predict the behavior of thesystem under varying conditions.

Third and most important, a computer codehas been developed. This code enables theoperator on shore to determine the state ofthe production system for a given set ofvariables and to interact with the system to maximize production conditions. Thecomputer code is already in operation in itsfirst version. Already now computationresults show that modifications have to bedone in planned additive concentrations toavoid carbonate precipitation at the verylow seabed temperatures.

Terje Østvold

Modelling of multiphase flow with respect tocorrosion and hydrate/mineral preciptation

Filtersolids removal

MEGfromboiler

Boilersalt removal

NaOH or NaHCO3injection

MEG pre treatment

The 160 km long injection line

160 km flowline

MEG storage tank

Slugcatcher

Snøhvit

30C, 1 bar

60C, 1 bar

120C0,1 bar

Wells

Fig. 1. Seabed installation to gather well streams before

these are piped onshore.

Fig. 2. The Snøhvit production system.

The MEGScale computer code will beused to operate the Snøhvit and OrmenLange fields.

Aluminium cell autopsy

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SCIENCE STORIES

Laboratory research on aluminium electro-lysis at this Department throughout theyears has resulted in a detailed knowledge of the properties of materials used in thecells. Some of these results are summarizedin "Cathodes in Aluminium Electrolysis",Aluminium-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1989 bySørlie and Øye. It is, however, challengingto put that knowledge to practical use inthe industry. One important problem is celllife for the aluminium electrolysis cells. Thelife should be at least 6 - 8 years, but if thecell has to be shut down after less than 3years, something is usually wrong with thedesign.

The signal of "death" is that aluminium isabout to leak out of the cell. But a post-mortem examination, or autopsy, has to beperformed to find the cause. The cells are upto 14 meters long and 4 meters wide andhave to be dug out layer for layer usingheavy equipment. It is a tough but necessa-ry job (Fig. 1). The following pictures showdifferent failure modes from different autop-sies. Heaving of the bottom (Fig. 2) due topenetration of aluminium (Fig. 3), lifting ofmaterial due to excessive expansion (Fig. 4),erosion of the sidewall (Fig. 5) due to anunsatisfactory thermal balance and oxida-tion of the sidewall backside (Fig. 6) due to

air inlet through the collector bar port.When the origin of the failure is known, it ispossible to alleviate the problem by designchanges.

An equally important use of autopsy isevaluation of design changes to obtainbetter energy or production efficiency.

Then "healthy" cells may be stopped after 1 to 2 years to ascertain that there are noweaknesses before performing a full con-version.

Harald A. Øye

Fig. 3. Metal and bath penetration.

Fig. 6. Lifting and backside oxidation of the sidewall.

Fig. 4. Lifting of the collector bar.

Fig. 5. Sidewall erosion.

Fig. 2. Cathode heaving.

Fig. 1. The Billiton Bayside Autopsy Course Team with H. A. Øye.

Cell autopsy is an indispensable tool for improvement of the aluminium electrolysis technology

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››› SCIENCE STORIES

Enviromentally friendly surface pretreatmentof aluminium

Metal surfaces have to be pretreated, oftenby use of various chemicals resulting in conversion coatings, to obtain the necessaryadhesion and corrosion protection beforeadhesive bonding and painting.

Chromating is the most common conversioncoating used for aluminum alloys because it is easy to apply and has excellent proper-ties in terms of adhesion promotion and corrosion protection. However, hexavalentchromate is known for its toxicity, whichposes health and environmental problems,and legislations in many countries willprevent or limit its use during the next fewyears.

This poses a significant concern in the app-lication of coated aluminum products inautomotive and architectural applications(figure 1) because most of the new chemicaltreatments recently proposed are inade-quate. Adhesive bonding, in particular, is anenabling technology for future structuraluses of aluminum alloys in the automotiveindustry.

Recent research at our department andSINTEF has shown that a special type of anodizing process, so-called hot AC ano-dizing, is a highly feasible, robust and environmentally-friendly alternative to chromating as pretreatment for aluminum

prior to adhesive bonding and application oforganic coatings.

Hot AC anodizing is actually faster andprobably more economical than chromating,and it is furthermore highly amenable tobatch and continuous processing.

It requires the application of an alternatingcurrent at the usual network frequency anduse of low-cost sulfuric acid electrolyte andis characterized by formation of a thinporous oxide film, as shown in figure 2,which promotes adhesion. The method alsoeffectively cleans the metal surface fromdirt, and inclusions thereby improve corro-sion resistance.

Kemal Nisancioglu

Fig. 1. Examples of automotive (Lotus) and architectural (Library in Alexandria) applications of coated aluminum.

Fig. 2. Cross-sectional TEM image of porous oxide film formed on aluminum

AA6060 alloy by hot AC anodizing. Highly porous structure of the film

promotes adhesion of paint. Additionally,clean, inclusion-free surface formed gives

high corrosion resistance.

Hot anodizing as alternative to poisonous chromate treatment

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Fig. 1. Ir-Ru oxide based oxygen anode electrocatalyst. The catalyst particles are assemblies of nano-crystallites.

SCIENCE STORIES

New trends and methods in electrocatalysis

Electrocatalysis is in principle the same for the Electrochemist as Catalysis is for the Chemical Engineer: the purpose is to increase the specific rate of a process, in this case an electrochemical process. Themain difference is that the electrocatalysisneeds electronically conducting supportsand catalysts.

An example of an electrocatalyst is the IrO2 based nanocrystalline powders usedfor oxygen evolving electrodes in PEM(proton exchange membrane) waterelectrolysis. The Electrochemistry group atIMT has developed binary and ternary ruti-le structured materials with average crys-

tallite size of less than 5 nm. When suchadvanced electrocatalysts are used in com-bination with standard cathode electroca-talysts, a “world record” (based on avail-able literature) has been obtained with acell voltage of less than 1.57 V at a currentdensity of 1 A/cm2 and at 80oC. This isonly slightly higher than 1.48 V, which isthe theoretical minimum cell voltage forthermoneutral operation. It is expected tolower this voltage further, by using ournewly developed Pt on nano-structuredcarbon for the hydrogen cathode electro-catalysts.

The development of electrocatalysts is a

combination of electrochemistry and mate-rials science, and a wide range of techni-ques have been used to characterise andunderstand the mechanism of electrocata-lysis. The atomic structure of the particlesand the redox processes involved in elec-trocatalysis on IrO2 and RuO2, will be inve-stigated at the European SynchrotronRadiation Facility in Grenoble by in-situXAS on polarized electrodes. This in-situmethod is found only a couple of times inthe literature, and will provide a new andexciting analysis technique for our depart-ment.

The research group in Electrocatalysis nowconsists of 6 Post Docs./Researchers, 8PhD-students and 3 staff members.

Reidar Tunold

Fig. 2. Pt on carbon nanofibres cathode electrocatalyst.

Nanocrystalline IrO2 electrocatalysts reduces the overpotential drastically

Fig. 1. Principle drawing of experimental set-up for coating adherence testing.

Fig. 2. Cut-up samples after 200 hours ofelectrolysis. The marked areas were taken out for element analysis.

SCIENCE STORIES

TiB2-coating on graphitic cathodes

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Even if aluminium is produced according to the same principles as the patents from1886, the process has been drasticallyimproved with respect to size, productivity,energy consumption, cost and environ-mental standards. One way of reducing theenergy consumption further, is to coat thecarbon cathode with TiB2 which is wetted by the liquid Al. It will also protect the carbon against erosion which has become an important issue when using graphitic cathodes.

A co-operation with the MOLTECH companyin Switzerland is established. The mainingredient of the TINOR coating is an aque-ous slurry of TiB2 in colloidal alumina which

is brushed on carbon in several layers. Thecolloidal alumina is transformed into a solidbinder by heating and the TINOR coatingaluminized. The coating has been steadilyimproved with respect to adherence to thecarbon and between the successive TiB2 lay-ers and with respect to the wetting of liquidaluminium. This is accomplished by addingchemical modifiers to the coating. The pre-sent TINOR 2000TM coating is typically a 1.1mm crack-free coating.

Our main contribution is to perform detailedlaboratory studies. The first task was to testthe adherence of the coating before electro-lysis. A graphite rod was coated with TINORand glued to a copper rod. A traction test

was carried out (Fig. 1). In all cases the breakage was within the graphite rod. It can hence be concluded that the coating ad-hered strongly to the graphite.

Then a 200 hours laboratory electrolysis was performed. The cut-out sample afterspooning the aluminium out and cooling is shown as Fig. 2. Complete wetting is seen.A detailed element analysis is shown in Fig. 3. Aluminium as well as small amountsof electrolyte have penetrated into the coating. The coating is intact, but a 100 µmvein of Al4C3 is seen underneath. The Al4C3vein did, however, not lead to delamination.Neither did the vein give extra resistance as the voltage was low and stable duringelectrolysis.

Harald A. Øye

TiB2 coating protects graphitic carbon against wear.

Fig. 3. Element analysis of 1.1 mm coating, Area C.

Cu supportGlue layerTinor 2000 coating

Carbon substrate

Traction load

P

SCIENCE STORIES

A revolution in aluminium joining technology(?)

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The lightness and strength of aluminiummake it an attractive material for many purposes. But the competition with steel isalways there. A major problem with alu-minium is welding. The weld may result in softening and loss of strength. Deformationis also a problem, and often screws, rivets orglue have to be used.

However, a new development may changethat. The basis is a 300 years old discovery.The Englishman J.I. Desaguliers discoveredin 1724 that lead could be cold welded. Butthe science community has never believedthat the principle could be applied to alumi-nium. A major problem is the oxide coating.

As a result of many years of efforts in co-operation with SINTEF, a cold joining met-hod for aluminium has been developed. Theprinciple is to use an aluminium filler wireand extrude it under very high pressure bet-ween the parts to be joined. The resultinginterfacial shear deformation created is suf-ficient to crack the oxide layer and providebonding.

The process called Hybride Metal Extension &Bonding (HYMEN Bonding) is already paten-ted. The joining of solid wires has beendemonstrated (Fig. 1), and further develop-ment of the extrusion machinery for largepieces is under way (Fig. 2). The work is

complicated as the process takes place on amicro level, and a few tenths of one mm maymake all the difference. It is also importantto keep the temperature relatively low (i.e.below 300 - 400 °C) in order not to weakenthe joint.

The material flow pattern inside the smallextrusion machinery is impossible to mea-sure. Therefore, the process is optimizedthrough computer simulation, using highlysophisticated finite element (FE) models(Fig. 3). Since this is a pure mechanical process, the Hymen Bonding method is alsoenvironmentally more friendly compared tostandard fusion welding where hazardousoff-gases are developed.

Øystein Grong

Fig. 1. Example of a cold welded 1.6 mm aluminium wire. Because of work hardeningthe joint is actually stronger than the parent aluminium.

Fig. 2. Photograph of the extruder developedfor joining of aluminium sheet or plate mate-rial. The aluminium filler wire is first fedinto the slot of the rotating extrusion wheelwhere it is set in motion by friction. Then thealuminium is forced to flow against the abut-ment blocking the slot and subsequently(owing to the pressure build-up) extrudedthrough a small die and into the groove bet-ween the two aluminium plates to be joined.PhD student Tomas Erlien appears to the leftand Professor Øystein Grong to the right inthe picture.

Fig. 3. Example of outputs from the FE-modeldeveloped for continuous extrusion of alumi-

nium by MSc student Anders Lilleby. The figu-re shows a snapshot of the 1.6 mm alumi-

nium wire (blue) being plastically deformedwhen reaching the skew abutment blocking

the slot in the extrusion wheel. Subsequently,it is forced to flow through the die and into

the groove. The colour scale in the figureindicates the degree of accumulated strain in

the aluminium.

0.191 sec.Strain - Effect

2.00

1.33

0.667

0.000

High pressure cold welding may becomethe future in joining aluminium parts

SCIENCE STORIES

Oxygen permeable membranes

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Pure ion conduction materials such as zirconia have been known for more thanhundred years, and oxygen sensors and oxygen pumps based on zirconia have beenaround for a long time. Electrochemicalapplications such as these are usuallybased on pure ionic conductors, and mate-rials which possess mixed conductivityhave not received any attraction. Thischanged when it became clear that materi-als with both ionic and electronic conduc-tivity were permeable for oxygen gas.Oxygen permeable membranes (OPM) arean alternative to cryogenic production ofoxygen. Of particular significance forNorway is the partial oxidation of methaneto syngas (CO + H2). By integrating airseparation and partial oxidation of naturalgas in one reactor, the need for expensiveoxygen production by cryogenic means andgas reformers may be eliminated. Combinedwith existing processes for gas-to-liquidproduction such as Fisher-Tropsch or met-hanol synthesis, the membrane technologyrepresents a very attractive route for con-

version of natural gas to value added pro-ducts. Moreover, the membranes may alsoform the basis for gas power plants withCO2 capture. The Norwegian oil and gasproducers Norsk Hydro and Statoil haveentered various international alliances tosolve the scale-up problems of these tech-nologies. Since the middle of the 90ies theDepartment has educated 8 PhDs in thisfield to support these industrial R&D pro-jects.

The operating principle of an OPM is depictured below. A typical composition ofthe membrane is La1-xAxCo1-yByO3-δ(A=Sr,Ba; B=Fe,Cr,Mn,Ga). Oxygen is che-mically driven from the high partial pressu-re side to the low partial pressure side byimposing a gradient in the chemical poten-tial across the membrane. The chemical gradient may also be enhanced by opera-ting the membrane with a substantially higher pressure on one side of the membrane. Operation with a pressure dif-ference has some important technological

advantages. No electrodes and external circuitry are needed since in these materi-als the flux of oxygen ions is compensatedby conduction of electrons in the oppositedirection of the oxygen flux, as illustratedbelow. This is in contrast to solid oxidefuel cells and oxygen pumps based onelectrolytes with pure ionic conductivitywhere external circuitry of electrons isessential. Successful implementation ofthe membrane technology demands the fol-lowing material requirements:

- High oxygen flux- Catalytic compatibility and activity- High density and mechanical stability- Chemical stability and compatibility

with support

Fabrication of the materials from fine powders to dense membranes and thethermodynamic and mechanical stability ofthe materials have been the main focus ofthe research performed at the Department.In 2004 the national, coordinated project“Functional Oxides for Energy Technology”supported by Norwegian Research Council'sNANOMAT program was started up. TheDepartment is one of the key partners inthe program.

Tor Grande

O2-

2e-

Principle of oxygen transfer

Production of oxygen without distillation or electrolysis

Syngas Oxygen-depleted air

Reducing atm Oxidizing atm

Natural gas Air

MembraneMembrane

Reforming catalyst Oxygen reduction catalyst

SCIENCE STORIES

Solar silicon research is intensified

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15

The world market for solar cells grows at anannual rate of more than 30 %. Norwegianindustries like Elkem, REC, and ScanWaferare strong contributors in this area.

Department of Materials Technology haslong traditions in education and researchon silicon production and arranges biannu-al international conferences on silicon foruse in the chemical and electronic indus-try. In the last years the work has beenfocused also on research of silicon for solarcells. In collaboration with SINTEF and IFE,laboratory facilities and educational- and

research programs have been establishedsupported by NFR and the industry.

The main work in the Department is on theproduction of pure silicon, casting ofmulticrystalline ingots, characterization ofwafers and studies of the effect of micros-tructure on the solar cell efficiency. In2004 the first PhD student graduated andsix more are currently enrolled. Part of thework by Dr. Gaute Stokkan is shown in thefigures underneath, where the life time ofminority carriers is modelled as functionsof local dislocation density and grain

boundaries of various types. By detailedcharacterization of the microstructure agood correlation between a model for lifetime prediction and the measured life timeis obtained.

This model will be used as a tool to inve-stigate the effect of microstructure on thelocal efficiency of silicon solar cells inorder to optimize the whole productionprocess.

Otto Lohne

Fig. 2. Lifetime simulated from dislocation density and grain boundary measurements.

The grain boundaries are characterised using Electron Back Scatter Diffraction

(EBSD), enabling the grain boundary structure to be accounted for in deter-

mining the electrical activity. Dislocationdensity was measured by etching the sample and making automated image

processing on a series of optical micro-scope pictures. The colour scale is in

microseconds.

Fig. 1. Measured lifetime, a parameter correlated to solar cell efficiency, using the Carrier Density Imaging (CDI) system,capable of high resolution; each pixel is 50 µm and the total area of the sample is 1 cm2.

The late Georg Hagen demonstrates Hydrogenproduction by electrolysis using a solar cell

as power source.

Is it possible to forecast the efficiency ofsilicon solar cells by investigation of thesilicon wafers before processing?

SCIENCE STORIES

«Cold crucible», above 3600 oC in minutes

16

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Fig. 2. General overview with mirror to show inside of crucible.

Many melts of interest to metallurgists andinorganic chemists are difficult to handlebecause, at the necessary high temperature,they will react with any conceivable contai-ner material. Melt-down of crucibles is awell known and unwanted phenomenon.

The problem may now be eliminated by useof a new “Cold Crucible” furnace recentlyacquired to this Department. In essence, itacts as a water-cooled crucible that workson the principle of freeze lining.

The central part of the equipment is a “cru-cible” entirely made of copper, see Fig. 1. Itis designed by the Australian energy rese-

arch institute ANSTO (equivalent to IFE) asa number of hollow segments, each with itsown water cooling. Outside the crucible areplaced, first, a thin layer of electricallyinsulating material, and then a water-coo-led copper coil. This coil is connected to a75 kVA induction generator operating at anominal frequency of 750 kHz (supplied byFairfield Electronics Pty. Ltd.).

In use, only a minimum of current is indu-ced in the copper “crucible” because of thesegmented construction. The major part ofthe load is induced in whatever material ischarged into the crucible, provided it hassufficient electric conductivity. With the

high load possible, the material will eventu-ally melt. But, due to the efficient watercooling, the outermost layer facing the crucible (≈ 1 mm) remains solid, thus actingas a container material for the melt.

The crucible is placed on a stainless steelflange with electrical feed-throughs, flangeconnections for evacuation, and valves forgas inlet and outlet. An enclosure in theform of a bell jar is provided for work ininert or controlled atmospheres.

Performance of this equipment is probablybest illustrated by the commissioningacceptance test: “The crucible was filledwith MgO powder that was melted and thenbrought up to the boiling point.” (Boilingpoint of MgO ≈ 3600 °C).

Leiv Kolbeinsen

Fig. 3. Heating/melting of Titania slag: 25 – 1800 °C in less than a minute.

Fig. 1. Crucible construction.

New possibilities in high temperature research

SCIENCE STORIES

Modelling forming of extruded profiles

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17

2004 marked the end of the three EU 5thFramework projects, respectively namedVIR[CAST], VIR[FAB] and VIR[FORM] andknown collectively as VIR[*]. This was thelargest joint R&D effort ever by the EuropeanAluminium Industry and by far the biggestproject in the 5th Framework Program, invol-ving altogether 23 partners (8 Al-companies,6 Research Institutes and 9 Universities).The VIR[*] consortium had a total fundingof 150 MNOK over 4 years, of which 60 MNOKcame from EU. The Norwegian light metalsR&D community at NTNU and SINTEF toget-her with the Norwegian Aluminium industry(Elkem and Hydro Aluminium) played amajor role in establishing these projects andalso had key roles in the accomplishment ofthe projects.

The overall objective of the VIR[*] projectswas the development of microstructurebased Through Process Models covering thewhole process chain from casting operationsto finished products. The Department ofMaterials Technology played a key role in themodeling activities both in the VIR[FAB] andthe VIR[FORM] project. In the latter, NTNUalso had the overall responsibility for themodelling activities. The result was a micro-structure- and texture-based formability

model which in combination with FiniteElement Models represents ”state of the art”in relation to forming of aluminium sheetsand profiles.

Extrusion of profiles is a rather complex pro-cess involving different deformation modes,strain paths and speeds. In the VIR[FORM]the Marciniak test was extensively applied inorder to do controlled tests of the formabili-ty for given deformation modes and strainpaths. With a new developed system forautomatic strain analysis, the strain distri-bution can be measured during and after theforming operation. The Marciniak test wassimulated for the same alloy applying theFE-code LS-Dyna coupled with a microstruc-ture based material model (Alflow) whichhas been developed within this department.This model takes into account the solid solu-tion level, dispersoids, primary phases andgrain structure in extruded condition. In theapplication of the model the stress tensor ata continuum scale is an input representingcontributions from many grains of variouscrystallographic orientations and microstruc-tures. The simulated strain distribution afterforming the profile to a certain point is inacceptable agreement with the experimentalresults. This integrated model also provides

the variation in substructure data (subgrainsize and dislocation density) and the flowstress during the forming operation. Thefigure illustrates the variation in dislocationdensity in the profile after a simulated for-ming operation.

Erik Nes/Knut Marthinsen

Simulations of the Marciniak-test applying the FE-code LS-Dyna coupled with a microstructure based model and a yield surface description. The colour code gives the variation in dislocation density in the profile after forming.

The largest joint R&D effort everby the European aluminium industry

SCIENCE STORIES

Education: «Learning by doing»

18

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Fig. 1. M.Sc. student Fredrik Haakonsen producing a knife as part of the AppliedMaterial Technology course.

Fig. 2. The chairman of the jury, Terje Olsen, giving his evaluation of the knives that went to the final.

Material technologists are expected to beable to combine theoretical understan-ding with practical work in such a waythat the products obtain optimal proper-ties. Education at the institute has tradi-tionally combined theory with practicalwork demanding weeks of relevant practi-ce before the final testimony has beenawarded.

In recent years changes have led smallindustries to centralize and fade awaygradually from areas where people liveand thus reduced the ability for the youthto gain insight of certain production tech-niques. It has also become more and more

difficult to obtain relevant industrialexperience and knowledge of how goodsare made for the students near to theirhomes during the summer months.

This was the background for creating anew topic “Applied Materials Technology”for the material technology students intheir first year at the University. Part ofthe topic is to obtain practical experienceof different workshop and laboratory tech-niques under the guidance of highly quali-fied technicians. Examples include theproduction of metals from oxides, weldingof steel and making their own knives. The main aim of the selected topics is to

bridge theoretical lessons of metal pro-duction, heat treatments and formingoperations with their own experience.Welding pieces of steel to make a bell ordesigning a knife which later is made bycutting, shaping, grinding etc. followedby hardening and aging and then adding ahandle is a practical application of know-ledge leading to great satisfaction andvery different from studying the same inbooks. In addition “Applied MaterialsTechnology” has been a motivation forstudents to promote their studies.

The positive attitude shown by the tech-nical staff during the course has also beena very important aspect in the success ofthe new course.

Otto Lohne

Hands-on teaching in materials technology is important

SCIENCE STORIES

Chemical thermodynamics of materials

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19

There exist many excellent textbooks onchemical thermodynamics, and one may ask the necessity of spending time onanother textbook on the subject? If onelooks more carefully, the traditional appro-ach to the subject has been to focus on the phenomenology and mathematical con-cepts of thermodynamics, while examplesof the thermodynamic properties of impor-tant materials have received less atten-tion. Moreover, the few examples given aretraditionally been taken from the liquidstate rather than the solid state and onlyone particular type of materials such asmetals. Today, materials science includesall sorts of materials from metals and

ceramics to polymers, and a material scientist benefits by knowing the thermo-dynamic properties of a broader specter ofmaterials.

In this monograph the authors have written a comprehensive monograph on thechemical thermodynamics of materials,while the mathematical derivations havedeliberately been kept rather simple. Theaim has been to treat the phenomenologyon a macroscopic level. Moreover, physicalinsight based on the microscopic origin for trends in energetic properties of materials has also been emphasized. Thebook contains more than 200 figures which

illustrate the thermodynamic properties ofa whole range of different materials and atthe same time important topics in currentsolid state sciences. An example of this isshown below, where the phase diagram ofthe element silicon is shown. The phasediagram is calculated based on a simpletwo state model for the liquid state. In thesupercooled region a liquid-liquid phasetransition is predicted, which has been discussed recently in several papers inNature and Science. Unique are also thechapters covering phase stability, trends inenthalpy of formation of materials, heatcapacity and entropy and finally theo-retical prediction on thermodynamicsbased on computational science.

Tor Grande

The phase diagram of Si showing the line for the liquid-liquid phase transition in thesupercooled region terminated at a criticalpoint.

A new approach to teaching in thermodynamics

SCIENCE STORIES

Recruitment and public communication

20

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In Norway we experience, as most of the wes-tern world, that the number of students stu-dying technology is declining. The reasonsare many, but one important problem is adecreasing number of young people takingthe basic science courses needed for the tech-nology studies. Direct recruitment of new stu-

dents is still crucial, but we also have to focuson children to make them aware of our fun,challenges and opportunities. In this contextthe Department of Materials Technology hasinvited children of all ages at a number ofoccasions to our premises for action andinformation.

In the spring we were happy to have a veryfascinating visit from Germany, as ProfessorHerbert W. Roesky visited us to help us impro-ve our performance in popular chemistry pre-sentations. Not only did he teach us somevery fascinating experiments, but he also sho-wed how one could keep 300 9-16 years oldchildren intensely excited. A lucky girl is per-forming a magic trick in front of 300 childrenunder the Professor's supervision. ProfessorRoesky’s lecture was covered extensively inthe Norwegian Internet science magazine

Visiting Professor Herbert W. Roesky gives an experimental demonstration lecture

Recruitment efforts should be stepped up

SCIENCE STORIES ›››

21

www.forskning.no. The immense interest forthis lecture we followed up by giving a pre-sentation ourselves on chemistry, smoke andfire to more than 200 pupils, aged 8-11 years,from Åsvang School.

As many as 9 groups of children, aged 4-11years, have visited the group of metallurgy in2004 where they have participated in a num-ber of activities. These include: Casting of tinsoldiers and watching very hot copper alloys,use of microscope and watching SEM micros-copy of insects and metals, observing theeffects of liquid nitrogen on grapes and roses(as well as smashing them), watching the for-ging of nails and sightseeing in our pilotlaboratory. The children were using lab coats,safety goggles and gloves in their work,which increased the magic of the visit.

A group of 11-year-old students from theinternational school spent half a day in ourstudent laboratory, performing a number of

experiments showing colour and phasechanges and formation of new compounds.

At the annual event “Forskningstorget”(Research at the market square) we again hada stand presenting our science, one day to thegeneral public and one day to school childrenaged 13-16 years. Again the casting of metal(tin soldiers) was the main attraction, butalso solar cells, water electrolysis and fuelcells caught interest, in particular among theenvironment interested.

In the later years we have had success in thedirect recruiting of new students, throughpamphlets, visits from classes of coming stu-dents or visits to their schools. We have abiannual arrangement with Årdal CommunityCollege where second and third year studentsvisit our Department and selected areas of theDepartments of Chemistry and Biology,Chemical Engineering and Physics. Duringtheir visit the students receive information

about NTNU and our Department, a demon-stration lecture, and see laboratories, analyti-cal equipment and highlights from our rese-arch. In 2004, the students also attended alecture in Mathematics I together with ourfirst year NTNU students. The feedback fromthese events has been encouraging, but westill need to step up our efforts. We are nowworking with Norwegian smelting plants topresent these and our education together atthe high schools in the plants’ neighbourho-ods.

And as usual, several members have beenactive participants in media debates on science and education, and have presentedpopular science in newspapers, Internetmagazines and Encyclopedia and throughradio and TV.

Merete Tangstad / Martin Ystenes

PUBLICATIONS 2004

Publications

22

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››› Ceramic Science

1. Akwilapo, L.D.; Wiik, K.:Ceramic Properties of Pugu Kaolin Clays. Part II: Effect of Phase Composition on Flexural Strength. Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 18 (2004) 7 - 16.

2. Fossdal, A.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Grande, T.: Phase Equilibria in the Pseudo-binary System SrO-Fe2O3.Journal of Solid State Chemistry 177 (2004) 2933-2942.

3. Fossdal, A.; Menon, M.; Wærnhus, I.; Wiik, K.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Grande, T.:Crystal Structure and Thermal Expansion of La1-xSrxFeO3-δMaterials. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004) 1952-1958.

4. Friis, J.; Jiang, B.; Marthinsen, K.; Holmestad, R.: QCBED Measurements in Strontium Titanate. Proc. 13th European Microscopy Congress (EMC 2004) (2004) 173-174.

5. Friis, J.; Jiang, B.; Spence, J. C. H.; Marthinsen, K.; Holmestad, R.: Extinction-free Electron Diffraction Refinement of Bonding inSrTiO3. Acta Crystallographica. Section A, Foundations of crystallo-graphy 60 (2004) 402-408.

6. Hagen, E.; Grande, T.; Einarsrud, M.-A.: Preparation and Properties of Porous Aluminium Nitride-Silicon Carbide Composite Ceramics. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004) 1200-1204.

7. Leinum, J. R.; Moen, K.; Hjelen, J.; Malvik, T.:EBSD-a Supplementary Technique in Automatic Characterisation of Geological Samples with Chemically Similar Minerals. Proceedings EMC 2004 II (2004) 563-564.

8. Mokkelbost, T.; Kaus, I.; Grande, T.; Einarsrud, M.-A.:Combustion Synthesis and Characterization ofNanocrystalline CeO2-Based Powders. Chemistry of Materials 16 (2004) 5489-5494.

9. Puputti, J.; Nilsen, E.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Bell, J. L.; Perander, M.; Linden, M.:Stabilization of Silica Sols Derived from an Inexpensive, Fully Inorganic Precursor and Their Use. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 342 (2004) 59-64.

10. Rigacci, A; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Nilsen, E.; Pirard, R.; Ehrburger-Dolle, F.; Chevalier, B.:

Improvement of the Silica Aerogel Strengthening Process for Scaling-up Monolithic Tile Production.Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 350 (2004) 196-201.

11. Saika-Voivod, I.; Sciortino, F.; Grande, T.; Poole, P.H.:Phase Diagram from Computer Simulation.Physical Review E 70 (2004) 061507.

12. Tangen, I.-L.; Yu, Yingda; Grande, T.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Høier, R.:Preparation and Characterization of Aluminium Nitride - Titanium Nitride Composites. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 24 (2004) 2169-2179.

13. Tangen, I.-L.; Yu, Yingda; Grande, T.; Høier, R.; Einarsrud, M.-A.:Phase Relations and Microstructural Development of Aluminium Nitride-Aluminium Nitride Polytypoid Compositesin the Aluminium Nitride-Alumina-Yttria System. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004) 1734-1740.

14. Tangen, I.-L.; Yu, Yingda; Grande, T.; Mokkelbost, T.; Høier, R.; Einarsrud, M.-A.:Preparation and Characterisation of Aluminium Nitride-Silicon Carbide Composites. Ceramics International 30 (2004) 931-938.

15. Wiik, K.; Fossdal, A.; Sagdahl, L.; Lein, H. L.; Menon, M.; Faaland, S.; Wærnhus, I.; Orlovskaya, N.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Grande, T.:LaFeO3 and LaCoO3 Based Perovskites: Preparation and Properties of Dense Oxygen Permeable Membranes. Mixed Ionic Electronic Conducting Perovskites for Advanced Energy Systems (2004) 75-85.

16. Wærnhus, I.; Sakai, N.; Yokokawa, H.; Grande, T.; Einarsrud, M.-A.; Wiik, K.:Mass Transport in La1-xSrxFeO3(x=0 and 0.1) Measured by SIMS. Solid State Ionics 175 (2004) 69-71.

17. Yu, Yingda; Tangen, I.-L.; Grande, T.; Høier, R.; Einarsrud, M.-A.:HRTEM Investigations of New AlN Polytypoids in the High AlN Region of the AlN-Al2O3-Y2O3 System. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004) 275-278.

››› Oil Field Chemistry

18. McCartney, R.A.; Østvold, T.:Mass Transfer of H2O between Hydrocarbons and Water: Implications for Oilfield Water Sample Quality. Proceedings 15th International Oil Field Chemistry Symposium(2004) 24-57.

PUBLICATIONS 2004

19. McCartney, R.A.; Østvold, T.:Oilfield Water Sample Quality: Effect of H2O Mass Transfer between Water and Hydro-carbons.Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction 2 (2004) 1037-1041.

20. Randhol, P.; Kaasa, B.; Østvold, T.:Kinetics of Calcium Carbonate Precipitation from Oil Field Waters. The Influence of Super Saturation, Specific Ion Concentration and Temperature. A Model for Prediction of the Metastable Range of Dissolved CaCO3.Proceedings 15th International Oil Field Chemistry Symposium(2004) 1-23.

››› Process Metallurgy

21. Gaal, S.; Berg, K.; Tranell, G.; Olsen, S. E.; Tangstad, M.: An Investigation into Aspects of Liquid Phase Reduction of Manganese and Silica Containing Slag. VII International Conference on Molten Slags Fluxes and Salts (2004) 651-657.

22. Lindstad, T.; Syvertsen, M.; Ishak, R.J.; Arntzen, H.B.; Grøntvedt, P.O.:The Influence of Alkalis on the Boudouard Reaction.Tenth International Ferroalloys Congress INFACON (2004) 261-271.

23. Olsen, S. E.; Tang, K.:Thermodynamics of the MnO-containing Slags and Equilibrium Relations Associated with Mn Ferroalloy Productions. VII International Conference on Molten Slags Fluxes and Salts (2004) 19-23.

24. Olsen, S. E.; Tangstad, M.:Silicomanganese Production - Process Understanding. Tenth International Ferroalloys Congress INFACON (2004) 231-238.

25. Sævarsdóttir, G.; Jónsson, M.Th.; Bakken, J.A.: Arc-Electrode Interactions in Silicon and Ferrosilicon Furnaces.Tenth International Ferroalloys Congress INFACON (2004)593-604.

26. Tang, K.; Olsen, S. E.:Computer Simulation of the Equilibrium Relations Associatedwith the Production of Manganese Ferroalloys. Tenth International Ferroalloys Congress INFACON (2004) 206-212.

››› Aluminium Electrolysis

27. Fellner, P.; Korenko, M.; Danielik, V.; Thonstad, J.:The Content of Sodium in Aluminium during Electrolysis of the Molten Systems Na3AlF6-NaCl-Al2O3 and NaF-NaCl. Electrochimica Acta 49 (2004) 1505-1511.

28. Haarberg, G. M.; Keppert, M.; Thisted E.; Thonstad J.:The Electrochemical Behaviour of Phosphorus Compounds in

Cryolite-alumina Melts and the Role of Phosphorus during Electrowinning of Aluminium.Light Metals 2004 Metaux Légers, Ann. Conf. Metallurgists (CIM) (2004) 595-602.

29. Híves, J.; Thonstad, J.:Electrical Conductivity of Low Melting Electrolytes for Aluminium Smelting. Electrochimica Acta 49 (2004) 5111-5114.

30. Hop, J.; Støre, A.; Foosnæs, T.; Øye, H. A.: Chemical and Physical Changes of Cathode Carbon by Aluminium Electrolysis.Molten Slags Fluxes & Salts S 36 (2004) 775-781.

31. Kvande, H.: A Technological Overview of the Primary Aluminium Industry- Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow. Proceedings from the 8th Australasian Aluminium Smelter Technology Conference and Workshop 8 (2004) 52-62.

32. Madshus, S.; Foosnæs, T.; Hyland, M.; Øye, H. A.:Hydrogen Transfer during Carbonization of Binder Pitches. Light Metals 2004, 503-508.

33. Paulsen, K. A.; Kobbeltvedt, O.; Tonheim, J.; Bugge, M.; Mathisen, S. T.: Experience with Booster Pots in the Prebake Line at Hydro Aluminium Karmøy. Light Metals 2004, 191-196.

34. Paulsen, K. A.; Rolland, W. K.; Furu, E.; Bugge, M.; Trætteberg, O.:Experience with Power Saving in the Soderberg Lines at Hydro Aluminium Karmøy. Light Metals 2004, 179-183.

35. Silny, A: Chrenkova, M.; Danek, V.; Vasiljev, R.; Nguyen, D.K.; Thonstad, J.:Density, Viscosity, Surface Tension, and Interfacial Tension in the Systems NaF(KF) + AlF3. J. Chem. Eng. Data 49 (2004) 1542-1545.

36. Sun, Yang; Forslund, K. G.; Sørlie, M.; Øye, H. A.:3-D Modelling of Thermal and Sodium Expansion in Soderberg Aluminium Reduction Cells. Light Metals 2004, 587-592.

37. Thonstad, J.; Kleinschrodt, H.-D.; Vogt, H.:Improved Design Equation for the Interelectrode Voltage Drop in Industrial Aluminium Cells. Light Metals 2004, 427-432.

››› Magnesium Electrolysis

38. Martinez, A. M. C.; Børresen, B.; Haarberg, G. M.; Castrillejo, Y.; Tunold, R.:Electrodeposition of Magnesium from CaCl2-NaCl-KCl-MgCl2Melts.Journal of the Electrochemical Society 151 (2004) C508-C513.

39. Martinez, A. M. C.; Børresen, B.; Haarberg, G. M.; Castrillejo, Y.; Tunold, R.:

›››

23

PUBLICATIONS 2004

24

›››

Electrodeposition of Magnesium from the Eutectic LiCl-KCl Melt. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 34 (2004) 1271-1278.

››› Aqueous Electrolysis

40. Marshall, Aa.; Tsypkin, M.; Børresen, B.; Hagen, G. K; Tunold, R.:Nanocrystalline IrxSn1-xO2 Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution in Water Electrolysis with Polymer Electrolyte - Effect of Heat Treatment. Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 7(2004) 197-204.

41. Åkre, T.; Haarberg, G. M.; Haarberg, S.; Thonstad, J.; Dotterud,O.M.:Anodic Precipitation of Cobaltic Oxide in Cobalt Electro-winning. 4th Kurt Schwabe Corrosion Symposium, Proceedings (2004) 348-356.

››› Silicon Production

42. Andersen, G. J.; Hoel, J.-O.; Røe, T.; Øye, H. A.; Rong, H. M.: Influence of Manganese in the Production of Trichlorosilane. Silicon for the Chemical Industry VII (2004) 163-176.

43. Hoel, J.-O.; Rong, H. M.; Røe, T.; Øye, H. A.:Reactivation of the Copper Catalyst in the Production of Methylchlorosilanes. Silicon for the Chemical Industry VII (2004) 139-154.

44. Motzfeldt, K.:Fifty Years of Carbothermal Silicon.Silicon for the Chemical Industry VII (2004) 7-16.

45. Øye, H. A.; Nygaard, L.; Holås, A.:Silicon for the Chemical Industry VII. Department of Materials Technology, NTNU, Trondheim: (2004). ISBN 82-90265-25-5. 394 pp.

››› Solar Silicon

46. Hjemås, P.C.; Lohne, O.; Wandera, A.; Tathgar, H.S.:The Effect of Grain Orientations on the Efficiency of Multicrystalline Solar Cells.Diffusion and Defect Data-Solid State Data, Pt.B: Solid State Phenomena 95-96 (2004) 217-222.

47. Stokkan, G.; Isenberg, J.; Biro, D.; Warta, W.; Hagen, G. K.:Nafion Polymer Film as a Low-Temperature Passivation for Lifetime Measurements on Silicon Wafers. 19th European Photov. Solar Energy Conference (2004) 769-772.

48. Søiland, A.K.; Øvrelid, E.J.; Engh, T.A.; Lohne,O.; Tuset, J.K.; Gjerstad, O.:SiC and Si3N4 Inclusions in Multicrystalline Silicon Ingots.Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 7 (2004) 39-43.

49. Søiland, A.K.; Øvrelid, E. J.; Lohne, O.; Tuset, J. K.; Engh,

Th. A.; Gjerstad, Ø.:Carbon and Nitrogen Contents and Inclusion Formation during Crytallization of Multicrystalline Silicon. 19th European Photov. Solar Energy Conference (2004) 911-914.

››› Recycling of Aluminium

50. Engh, Th. Abel; Kvithyld, A.; Kaczorowski, J.:Microscope Studies of Thermal Decoating of Aluminium Scrap. Light Metals 2004, 151-156.

››› Forming of Metals

51. Berstad, T.; Furu, T.; Holmedal, B.; Hopperstad, O. S.; Lademo, O.-G.; Nes, E. Aa.; Pedersen, K.O.:FEM and a Microstructure Based Work Hardening Model Used to Calculate Forming Limit Curves.Proceedings The 7th Esaform Conference on Material Forming. ESAFORM 2004 (2004) 131-134.

52. Di Sabatino, M.; Arnberg, L.:A Review on the Fluidity of Al Based Alloys.Metallurgical Science and Technology 22 (2004) 9-15.

53. Dumoulin, S.; Roven, H. J.; Werenskiold, J. C.:Quasi-3D Strain Analyses in Equal Channel Angular Pressing. Proc. The 8th Int. Conf. on Num. Meths. in Ind. Forming. AIP Conference Proceedings 712 (Pt. 2, Materials Processing and Design) (2004) 1485-1490.

54. Forbord, B.; Hallem, H.; Marthinsen, K.: The Effect of Alloying Elements on Precipitation and Recrystallization in Al-Zr Alloys. Proceedings The 9th international conference on aluminium alloys (2004)1179-1185.

55. Furu, T.; Johansen, A.; Sæter, J. A.; Dons, A. L.; Pedersen, K. O., Berstad, T.; Lademo, O.-G.; Holmedal, B.; Marthinsen, K.; Hopperstad, O. S.; Nes, E. Aa.; Mortensen, D.:Through Process Modeling of Extrusion: Evolution in Microstructure and Mechanical Properties through the Hole Process Chain from as Cast and Homogenized Condition to Forming of Profiles. Aluminium 80 (2004) 707-715.

56. Pettersen, T.; Abtahi, S.; Sæter, J. A.; Furu, T.; Ekstrøm, H.-E.:Effect of Material Flow during Extrusion on Recrystallization Behaviour of AA6082. Proceedings The 9th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (2004) 457-462.

57. Pettersen, T.; Nes, E. Aa.:Recrystallization of an AlMgSi Alloy Deformed in Hot Torsion. Proceedings The 9th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (2004) 1080-1085.

58. Roven, H.J.:Physical Mechanisms and Observations of Flow Localization. ESAFORM Short Course; Modelling and Simulation of Flow Localization and Materials Processing. Physical, theoretical

PUBLICATIONS 2004 ›››

25

and numerical fundamentals, NTNU (2004) 83-109.

59. Roven, H. J.; Werenskiold, J. C.; Dumoulin, S.:Measuring 3D Strains in Equal Channel Angular Pressing. TMS Annual Meeting: Ultrafine Grained Materials III(2004) 117-124.

60. Shabadi, R.; Kumar, S.; Dwarkadasa, E.S.; Roven, H. J.:Propagative Plasticity in Commercial Aluminium Alloys. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 57 (2004) 61-69.

61. Sjølstad, K.; Marthinsen, K.; Nes, E. Aa.:Modelling the Softening Behaviour of Commercial AlMn-Alloys. Materials Science Forum 467-470 (2004) 677-682.

62. Solberg, J. K.; Gutovskaya, J.; Lange, H. I.; Andersen, L. H.:Wear of Inconel 718 Die during Aluminium Extrusion – A Case Study. WEAR 256 (2004) 126-132.

››› Physical Metallurgy

63. Barbagallo, S.; Laukli, H. I.; Lohne, O.; Cerri, E.:Divorced Eutectic in a HPDC Magnesium-Aluminium Alloy.Journal of Alloys and Compounds 378 (2004) 226-232.

64. Dons, A. L.; Li, Y.; Marioara, C.; Siemensen, C.; Johansen, A.; Hakonsen, A.; Arnberg, L.; Benum, S.: Precipitation and Dissolution of Mn-rich Dispersoids during the Heating of AA3xxx Alloys. Aluminium 80 (2004) 578-583.

65. Evangelista, E.; Gariboldi, E.; Lohne, O.; Spigarelli, S.:High-temperature Behaviour of as Die-cast and Heat Treated Mg-Al-Si AS21X Magnesium Alloy.Materials Science and Engineering, A. Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing A387-A389 (2004) 41-45.

66. Forbord, B.; Hallem, H.; Marthinsen, K.:The Effect of Sc on the Extrudability and Recrystallisation Resistance Al-Mn-Zr-alloys.Materials Science Forum 467-470 (2004) 369-374.

67. Forbord, B.; Hallem, H.; Marthinsen, K.:The Influence of Precipitation Annealing Procedure on the Recrystallisation Resistance of Al-Mn-Zr Alloys with and without Sc.Proceedings The 9th international conference on aluminium alloys (2004) 1263-1269.

68. Forbord, B.; Hallem, H.; Ryum, N.; Marthinsen, K.:Precipitation and Recrystallization in Al-Mn-Zr with and without Sc. Materials Science and Engineering A-Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing 387-389 (2004) 936-939.

69. Forbord, B.; Lefebvre, W.; Danoix, F.; Hallem, H.; Marthinsen, K.:Three Dimensional Atom Probe Investigation of the

Formation of Al3(Sc,Zr)-Dispersoids in Aluminium Alloys. Scripta Materialia 51 (2004) 333-337.

70. Friis, J.; Marthinsen, K.; Holmestad, R.: Retrieval of Anisotropic Displacement Parameters in Mg from Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction Experiments. Institute of Physics Conference Series 179 (2004) 307-310.

71. Gourlay, C. M.; Laukli, H. I.; Dahle, A. K.: Segregation Band Formation in Al-Si Die Castings. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A-Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science 35A (2004) 2881-2891.

72. Gourlay, C. M.; Laukli, H. I.; Dahle, A. K.:The Formation of Segregation Bands in Al-Si Castings. The 9th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA9), (2004) 1249-1255.

73. Grasso, P.-D.; Commet, B.; Drezet, J.-M.; Ju, Yuxiu; Arnberg, L.; Rappaz, M.:Small Scale Experiments on Coalescence in Aluminium Alloys. Aluminium 80 (2004) 572-578.

74. Hallem, H.; Forbord, B.; Marthinsen, K.: An Investigation of Cast Structures in Al-Hf-(Sc)-(Zr) Alloys and their Subsequent Effect on Recrystallisation Resistance after Cold Rolling.Proceedings The 9th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (2004) 240-245.

75. Hallem, H.; Forbord, B.; Marthinsen, K.:An Investigation of Dilute Al-Hf and Al-Hf-Si Alloys. Materials Science and Engineering A-Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing 387-389 (2004) 940-943.

76. Hallem, H.; Forbord, B.; Marthinsen, K.: Investigation of Al-Fe-Si Alloys with Additions of Hf, Sc and Zr. Proceedings The 9th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (2004) 825-831.

77. Heiberg, G.; Gandin, C. A.; Goerner, H.; Arnberg, L.:Experimental and Modeling Studies of the Thermal Conditions and Magnesium, Iron, and Copper Content on the Morphology of the Aluminum Silicon Eutectic in Hypoeutectic Aluminum Silicon Alloys. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A-Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science 35A (2004) 2981-2991.

78. Holmedal, B.; Evangelista, E.; Marthinsen, K.; Nes, E. Aa.:Modelling Grain Boundary Strengthening in Aluminium Alloys. Risø International Symposium on Materials Science. Proceedings (2004) 343-350.

79. Holmedal, B.; Van Houtte, P.; An, Yougo; Pedersen, K. O.; Furu, T.; Court, S.; Daniel, D.; Nes, E. Aa.:Strain Path Changes in Aluminium Alloys.Aluminium 80 (2004) 738-742.

80. Hunderi, O.; Nordbakke, M.; Ryum, N.:

PUBLICATIONS 2004

26

›››

The Correlation Theory of 2D Normal Grain Growth. Materials Science Forum 467-470 (2004) 1081-1086.

81. Jiang, Bin; Friis, J.; Holmestad, R.; Zuo, Jian-Min; O'keeffe, M.; Spence, J. C. H.:Electron Density and Implication for Bonding in Cu. Physical Review B 69 (2004) 245110.

82. Karlsen, M.; Norum, H.; Hjelen, J.; Grong, Ø.; Frigaard, Ø.: SEM - EBSD Characterisation of Abnormal Grain Growth in Friction Stir Welded 2024 T351 Aluminium Alloy.Proceedings European Microscopy Congress II (2004) 623-624.

83. Korsnes, T.; Norum, H.; Karlsen, M.; Hjelen, J.: In-situ EBSD-Analysis of Abnormal Grain Growth in Friction Stir Welded 7075 T6 Aluminium Alloy. Proceedings European Microscopy Congress II (2004) 625-626.

84. Li, Yanjun; Arnberg, L.:A Eutectoid Phase Transformation for the Primary Intermetallic Particle from Al(Fe,Mn) to Al3(Fe,Mn) in AA5182 Alloy. Acta Materialia 52 (2004) 2945-2952.

85. Li, Yanjun; Arnberg, L.:Phase Selection and Phase Transformation in Eutectic Iron-Bearing Particles in a DC-Cast AA5182 Alloy. Materials Forum 28 (2004) 998-1003.

86. Li, Yanjun; Arnberg, L.:Solidification Structures and Phase Selection of Iron-Bearing Eutectic Particles in a DC-Cast AA5182 Alloy. Acta Materialia 52 (2004) 2673-2681.

87. Li, Yanjun; Johansen, A.; Benum, S.; Siemensen, C.; Dons, A. L.; Hakonsen, A.; Arnberg, L.:Evolution of the Microstructures in a DC-Cast AA3003 Alloy during Heat Treatment. Aluminium 80 (2004) 578-573.

88. Marthinsen, K.; Abtahi, S.; Sjølstad, K.; Holmedal, B.; Nes, E. Aa.; Johansen, A.; Sæter, J. A.; Furu, T.; Engler, O.; Lok, Z.J.; Talamantes-Silva, J.; Allen, Ch.; Liu, Cheng:Modelling the Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties during Processing of AA3103. Aluminium 80 (2004) 729-738.

89. Marthinsen, K.; Abtahi, S.; Sjølstad, K.; Nes, E. Aa.:Modelling the Microstructural Evolution during Hot Rolling and Subsequent Cold Rolling and Annealing of an AA3103 Alloy. Proceedings The 9th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (2004) 933-938.

90. Mathiesen, R.; Arnberg, L.:Imaging of Aluminium Alloy Solidification by Synchrotron X Radiation. Materials Forum 28 (2004) 47-52.

91. Mjøs, Ø; Stokkan, G; Søiland, A K; Arnberg, L.:Mapping of Silicon Carbide and Silicon Nitride Precipitates on Chemical-Mechanically Polished MC-Silicon Wafers. 19th European Photov. Solar Energy Conference

(2004) 804-807.

92. Myhr, O. R.; Grong, Ø.; Fjær, H. G; Marioara, C. D.:Modelling of the Microstructure and Strength Evolution in Al-Mg-Si Alloys during Multistage Thermal Processing. Acta Materialia 52 (2004) 4997-5008.

93. Nes, E. Aa.; Marthinsen, K.; Holmedal, B.:The Effect of Boundary Spacing on Substructure Strengthening. Materials Science and Technology 20 (2004) 1377-1382.

94. Nordbakke, M.; Hunderi, O.; Ryum, N.:Curvilinear Polygons, Finite Circle Packings, and Normal Grain Growth. Materials Science and Engineering A-Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing 385 (2004) 229-234.

95. Ryen, Ø.; Holmedal, B.; Nes, E.:Large Strain Work Hardening and Softening of Aluminium Alloys - A Microstructural Modelling Approach. Risø International Symposium on Materials Science. Proceedings (2004), 495-502.

96. Ryen, Ø.; Holmedal, B.; Nes, E.:Work Hardening of Non-Heat Treatable Aluminium Alloys towards Large Strains. Aluminium 80 (2004) 743-747.

97. Ryen, Ø.; Holmedal, B.; Roven, H. J.; Nes, E.:Plastic Anisotropy in Recrystallized and Unrecrystallized Extruded Aluminium Profiles. Materials Forum 28 (2004) 1004-1009.

98. Shabadi, R.; Kumar, S.; Roven, H. J.; Dwarkadasa, E.S.:Characterization of PLC Band Parameters Using Laser Speckle Technique. Materials Science and Engineering A-Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing A364 (2004) 140-150.

99. Sjølstad, K.; Engler, O.; Marthinsen, K.; Nes, E. Aa.:The Effect of Concurrent Precipitation on the Recrystallization Texture of an AlMn-Alloy.Proceedings The 9th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (2004) 1186-1191.

100. Solberg, J. K.; Ladanova, E.; Rogne, T.: Investigation of the Precipitation Mechanism in HAZ of Supermartensitic Stainless Steels. Two-pass Weld Simulation.Proceedings of EUROCORR 2004 (ISBN: 2-9516844-1-X) (2004) 1-10.

101. Tangen, S. M.; Bjerkaas, H.; Furu, T.; Nes, E. Aa.:The Effects of Dispersoids on the Recrystallization Behavior in a Cold Rolled AA3103-Aluminium Alloy. Proceedings The 9th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (2004) 1229-1234.

PUBLICATIONS 2004 ›››

27

››› Fuel Cells

102. Halseid, R.; Vie, P. J. S.; Tunold, R.:Influence of Ammonium on Conductivity and Water Content of Nafion 117 Membranes. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 151 (2004) A381-A388.

103. Ødegaard, A.; Hebling, C.; Schmitz, A.; Møller-Holst, S.; Tunold, R.:Influence of Diffusion Layer Properties on Low Temperature DMFC.Journal of Power Sources 127 (2004) 187-196.

››› Corrosion

104. Gundersen, J. T. B.; Aytac, A.; Nordlien, J. H.; Nisancioglu, K.:Effect of Heat Treatment on Electrochemical Behaviour of Binary Model Alloys. Corrosion Science 46 (2004) 697-714.

105. Gundersen, J. T. B.; Aytac, A.; Ono, S.; Nordlien, J. H.; Nisancioglu, K.:Effect of Trace Elements on Electrochemical Properties and Corrosion of Aluminium Alloy AA3102. Corrosion Science 46 (2004) 265-283.

106. Lunder, O.; Heen, K. Fog; Nisancioglu, K.:Pretreatment of Aluminium Alloy 6060 by Selective Removal of Intermetallics. Corrosion 60 (2004) 622-631.

107. Lunder, O.; Lapique, F.; Johnsen, B.; Nisancioglu, K.:Effect of Pre-Treatment on the Durability of Epoxy-Bonded AA6060 Aluminium Joints. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 24 (2004) 107-117.

108. Lunder, O.; Simensen, C.; Yu, Yingda; Nisancioglu, K.: Formation and Characterisation of Ti-Zr Based Conversion Layers on AA6060 Aluminium. Surface & Coatings Technology 184 (2004) 278-290.

109. Svenningsen, G.; Larsen, M. H.; Lein, J. E.; Nordlien, J. H.; Nisancioglu, K.:Intergranular Corrosion of Extruded AA6000-series Model Alloys. Materials Forum 28 (2004) 818-824.

110. Sævik, Ø.; Yu, Yingda; Nordlien, J. H.; Nisancioglu, K.:Characterization of Lead Enrichment on Electrochemically Activated Binary Al-Pb Model Alloy. Materials Forum 28 (2004) 270-276.

111. Yu, Yingda; Sævik, Ø.; Nordlien, J. H.; Nisancioglu, K.:Microstructure Characterization of Electrochemically-Activated Binary Al-Pb Model Alloy. Proceedings - Electrochemical Society 2003-23 (2004) 123-130.

››› General Topics and Archaeology

112. Espelund, A.:Ironmaking in Northern Iceland. Analogies and Contrasts to "Mainland" Europe.Archaeometallurgy in Europe (Milano ) (2004) 153-163.

113. Espelund, A.:Jernframstilling i Fnjoskadalur på Island.Current issues in Nordic Archaeology. (Reykjavik) (2004) 23-28.

114. Espelund, A.:Utbytteberegninger ved jernvinneanlegg. Current issues in Nordic Archaeology. (Reykjavik) (2004) 29-32.

115. Espelund, A.:Blooms from Bog Ore, - and also from Rock Ore? An Analysis of Bloomery Sites, Blooms and Tools in South Norway. Kulturvern ved Bergverk, (Ed. Berg, Kongsberg) (2004) 24-38.

116. Espelund, A.:Jernet i Vest-Telemark der tussane rådde grunnen. Arketype Forlag (Trondheim) (2004) 200 pp.

117. Espelund, A.:1880-tallet - et tiår med nyskaping ved Røros verk. Fjellfolk 29 (2004) 41-47.

118. Espelund, A.:Bergmester Sinding og hans innsats ved Folldalsverket. Årbok for Nordøsterdalen, Tynset (2004) 43-51.

119. Motzfeldt, K.:Grunnkurs i metallblandingers termodynamikk.Kjemi (4) (2004) 8-10.

120. Rossing, N. K.; Ystenes, M.; Kjærvik, A.; Stenvig, B. I.; Holden, C.; Holden, C.: Kjøkkenkjemi - en samling enkle kjemieksperimenter. Trondheim: Vitensenteret 2005. ISBN 82-92088-29-6. 120 pp.

121. Roven, H. J.; Nestvold, V.:Norges beste forskere. Teknisk Ukeblad, no. 34, 17.12.2004, 24-25.

122. Roven, H. J.; Oksholen, T.:Stålmannen. Gemini no. 5, 15.10. 2004, 38-39.

123. Stølen, S.; Grande, T.:Chemical Thermodynamics of Materials, Macroscopic and Microscopic Aspects. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, England: (2004). ISBN 0-471-49230-2. 396 pp.

124. Ystenes, M.:Norsk vitenskapsspråk = Femi treski? I: Språk i kunnskapssamfunnet. Engelsk - elitenes nye latin? Oslo: Gyldendal Akademisk 2004. ISBN 8205333521, 70-75.

EQUIPMENT

Equipment

››› Extractive Metallurgy

Furnaces• Crucible furnace, capacity 140 kg aluminium; with gas purging

unit etc. for metal refinery studies.• Induction furnace, capacity 200 kg of steel, Eloterm.• Induction furnace, capacity 20 kg of steel, ASEA.• Vacuum induction furnace, capacity 2 kg of steel, Balzer.• Plasma pilot facility/furnace, capacity 30 kg/h and plasma

temperatures up to ~ 3000°C.• Electro-melting furnace, one-phase current, for pilot production

of metals.• Small induction furnace up to 3600°C

Water model• Laser methods applied to follow fluid flow and gas bubble flow

behaviour in light-transparent models representing industrial processes.

• Pilot scale gas injections (in water).

Miscellaneous• High temperature microscope for wettability studies; sessile

drop method.• 10-15 different vertical ‘versatile’ furnaces, temperatures up to

1600°C.• Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer with mass spectrometer.• Vacuum/inert gas facility for measurements of diffusion

constants, up to 1200°C.• Instruments for solubility measurements.

››› Physical Metallurgy

Metallography • Specimen preparation and light optical laboratory

Traditional specimen preparation equipment for cutting, embedding, grinding and mechanical polishing, Struers RotoPol-31 automatic grinding and polishing machine, Struers Lectropol-5 electropolisher, Struers Tenopol-5 for TEM thin foil preparation, 4 optical microscopes attached with digital cameras (Leica MeF4, Leitz MM6, Leitz Metalloplan, Zeiss Axiovert 25), Matuzawa DVK-1S microhardness tester (0.5 – 10 kg), Leica VMHT MOT micro hardness tester (1g – 2000g, anno 2003)

• Scanning electron microscope (SEM) laboratory Hitachi S-4300SE(FESEM, year 2002), Hitachi S-3500N (LVSEM, 2002), Jeol 840 (1989), Jeol 840 (1985), Jeol 840 (1983).

• Electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) Jeol JXA-8900M superprobe with 4 wavelength dispersive spectrometers and special crystals for light element analysis (1994).

• Transmission electron microscope Jeol JEM-2010 (1994) with LaB6 filament equipped with STEM, EDS and Gatan GIF imaging filter

• X-ray diffractionSiemens D5000 X-ray diffractometer equipped with Euler cradle for texture measurements.

• Furnace laboratory5 salt bath furnaces (250-590°C), 5 oil bath furnaces (50-250°C), 9 fluid bed furnaces (0-600°C), 2 muffle furnaces (0-800°C, 0-1300°C), 2 air circulation furnaces (0-650°C), one with large chamber (Multitherm S250/65A, 450mm x 450mm x 600mm, anno 2003).

Mechanical testing MTS 810 universal testing machine (10 tons), MTS 880 universaltesting machine (10 tons) equipped with 250°C furnace chamberand MTS Teststar control units , shear tester, bend tester, com-pression tools, formability tools, fatigue and fracture grips, high rate tensile grips, ordinary extensometers and clip gauges for roomtemperature testing, laser speckle analyser.

Metal forming 60 and 100 tons hydraulic presses, equal channel angular pressingtools, hydroforming tools, Marciniak formability tester (used also inMTS 880), ASAME equipment for automatic 3-dimensional strainanalysis and measurements. Hot torsion machine, two cold rollingmills.

Casting • Small scale solidification laboratory

3 resistor furnaces (max 1000°C), reometer, Podfa filter for analysing melt quality, Bridgeman furnace (ferro alloys), Seiko differential scanning calorimeter (-150°C - 600°C).

• Casting laboratoryASEA 3830 Hz induction furnace (6.5 liters, max 1700°C), Balzer VSG10 3830Hz vacuum induction furnace (1-2 liters, max 2000°C), induction melt spinner for rapid solidification (5cm3), Marco arc melt spinner for rapid solidification (100cm3).

Welding (SINTEF but used by IMT)Hyperbaric welding equipment, ABB welding robot station,Smitweld TCS 1405 resistor weld simulator, 2 high frequency induc-tion generators (6kW, 12kW), medium frequency generator (50kW),IRC (Instrumented Restrained Cracking) jig, Satoh jig for weldingprestrained specimens, Ströhlein TCD (Thermal ConductivityDetection) instrument for hydrogen measurement, mercury basedhydrogen analysis apparatus.

Wear testing Pin on disk -, pin on ring - and pin on plate machines, StruersMicrowave abrasive testing machine, water jet erosion machine.

PressingABB hot isostatic press (2000 bar, 2000°C), ABB cold isostatic press(6000 bar), Thermal Technology Inc. hydraulic hot axial press(200kN).

28

›››

EQUIPMENT

Solar siliconClean room class 10000, Crystalox DS 250 Bridgeman furnace fordirectional solidification of (solar cell) silicon, saw for cutting siliconingots, Jandel four points probe for resistivity measurements, LeoGieken instrument for measurement of lifetime of minority chargecarriers, PVScan 6000 instrument for measurement of dislocationdensities and detection of grain boundaries, GTSolar LBIC (LightBeam Induced Current) measuring device.

››› Electrochemistry

Electrochemical equipment:Potentiostates, frequency analysers and sweep generators.Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and an electrochemi-cal quartz crystal nanobalance.

Surface characterisation:Electrochemical STM/AFM microscopy for performing in situ comb-ined electrochemical and surface studies.

Adsorption measurements:A volumetric PCT (Pressure Composition Temperature) equipmentfor measurements of hydrogen adsorption in hydride forming materials.

Miscellaneous:Preparative equipment, vacuum systems, glove boxes, test rigs.

››› Inorganic Materials and Process Technology

Materials characterization:• Thermobalances equipped for

vapour pressure measurements by boiling point and Knudsen effusion method for use up to 2200°C.

• High temperature gravimetric analysis (max. 2200°C) in controlled atmosphere.

• Calorimeters– Calvet type reaction calorimeters (max. 1120°C).– Differential scanning calorimeter (Perkin-Elmer DSC-2) for use

up to 727°C.– DTA/Reaction calorimeter (max 1200°C).– TGA/DTA/DSC for use up to 1600°C.

• Viscometers– Precision viscometers for determination of the viscosity of

molten salts, metals and hydrocarbons at high temperatures and pressures.

• Equipment for the measurement of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity by the hot strip method of solids or liquids up to700°C (R and D Carbon).

• Equipment for the measurement of thermal conductivity of bricks and powders up to 1200°C.

• Hitatchi S-3500N variable pressure SEM equipped with INCA Energy EDS system and EBSD.

• Reichert-Jung MeF3A optical microscope for metal and mineralogical applications equipped with computerized image analysis system.

• Porosimeters– Carlo Erba 2000 WS, (pore radius: 0.004-7.5 mm), Macropore

120 (pore radius: 7.5-600 mm).– Micromeritics ASAP 2000, (pore diameter: 3.5-2100 Å).

• Rapoport test apparatus (R and D Carbon).

• Rammability (R and D Carbon).• Air Permeability (R and D Carbon).• Specific Electrical Resistance (R and D Carbon).• Sodium resistance test equipment (carbon).• Abrasion tester.• Lloyd LR 100K Materials Testing Machine. Yield and strength tests

up to 1000 °C.• Equipment for mechanical characterization of bending strength,

E-modulus, fracture toughness and creep up to 1100°C under controlled atmosphere.

• Equipment for mechanical 3-point bending of gels (50 g load cell). • Thermal dilation measurements in controlled atmosphere up to

1450°C.• LECO TC-436 Oxygen and Nitrogen Determinator.• Micromeretics AccuPyc 1330 Pycnometer.

Production of carbon materials• Pilot plant scale for mixing anode, cathode or ramming paste

including sigma and Eirich mixers and vibration press.

Preparation of ceramic and nanostructured materials• Spray pyrolysis unit for large scale production of ceramic

powders.• Spray dryer.• MSE ultrasonic disintegrator.• Cold isostatic press (Asea Model QIC 25).• Hot isostatic press (Asea Model QIH 9).• Uniaxial press.• Precursor and nanoparticle synthesis equipment.• Biofuge centrifuge.

Spectroscopy• Bruker IFS 66v Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer

(4500 - 100 cm-1). IR microscope.• Cary 5, UV-VIS-NIR Spectrometer (57000 - 333 cm-1).

X-ray diffraction equipment• Siemens D5005 powder X-ray diffracto-meter, unit A:

– primary monochromator (quartz)– Cu Kα X-ray tube, automatic antscatter slit, scintillation detector

• Siemens D5005 powder X-ray diffractometer, unit B.– secondary monochromator (graphite), autom. antscatter and

divergence slitt, Göbel mirror system, high temp. system HTK 15, pos. sensitive and scintillation detector, grazing incidence attachment, sample changer 40 pos, capillary sample holder.

• Philips counter X-ray diffractometer.– Diffractogram analysis software with complete ICDD Powder

Diffraction File. • Expectron XDC 1000 precision Guinier camera.• High temperature Guinier - Simon camera (Eurat Nonius Delft,

FR 533).• KEJ densitometer for Guinier film.

Catalysis• Reactor for Ziegler-Natta polymerization with continuous gas flow

measurements.• Reactors for production of dimethyl dichlorosilane and trichloro

silane both with computerized on-line gas chromatographs for continuous analysis. One of the reactors can be pressurized up to 4 bar.

›››

29

GUEST LECTURES

30

›››

Professor Herbert W. Roesky, Göttingen, Germany, Feb. 17, 2004.”Renaissance of Aluminium Chemistry“.

Professor Norbert Volkmann, Technical University-(Bergakademie)Freiberg, Germany, March 16-24, 2004. “Course in Coal Petrology.”

Professor Donald R. Sadoway, Department of Materials Scienceand Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA, April 19, 2004. "Block and Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for HighPerformance, Solid-State, Lithium Batteries".

Dr. Rita Glenne, Renewable Energy Corp., Høvik, April 23,2004.“Solar Cells”.

Trude Sundset, Statoil, April 26, 2004. “CO2-fri energi for fremtiden -en oversikt over Statoils forretning og forskning innen CO2, hydrogen og fornybar energi”.

Professor Thomas A. Zawodzinski, Case Western ReserveUniversity, Cleveland, OH, USA, Director, Case Advanced PowerInstitute, April 29, 2004. “Advances in PEM Fuel Cell Technology”.

Prof. Ioan Tanase, Res. Constantin Dumitrascu and Res. CorneliaLuchian, Politechnica University of Bucharest. May 2004. Two weeks visit on EU Leonardo da Vinci project entitled: "New Approach in the Management of Materials Recycling".

Professor Alex Navrotsky, University of California at Davis, USA.May 14, 2004. “Calorimetric Adventures in Bulk and NanophaseCeramics”.

J. C. Seamus Davis, Cornell University, Itacha, NY, USA, May 24,2004. "Discovery of a Checkboard Electronic Crystal Phase in theLightly Doped Mott Insulator NaxCuO2Cl2”.

Dr. techn. Svein Sunde, OECD, Halden Reactor Project, June 2, 2004.“Hydrogen som energibærer”.

Dr. Franck Tessier, University of Rennes, France, June 11, 2004.“Rare-earth-based Oxynitride Materials: Synthesis,Characterization and Applications”.

Centre for Renewable Energy NTNU/SINTEF, Opening Seminar, June 17-18, 2004. Lectures:

■ Øyvind Håbrekke, State Secretary Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy: “Opening Address to the Centre of Renewable Energy “.

■ Dr. John Turner, NREL Golden Co, USA: “Driving Forces towards a Global Renewable Energy Regime”.

■ Dr. Matthew Kauffman, DOE Washington DC, USA: “Visions and Road Maps for Introduction of Renewable Energy”.

■ Håvard Vaggen Malvik, Expert to the European Commission: “EU-Programmes and Directives for Introduction of RenewableEnergy”.

■ Eli Arnstad, Managing Director Enova: “Norwegian Strategies for Renewable Energy”.

■ Jørgen Rostrup, Vice President Norsk Hydro ASA: ”An Industry Approach to Renewable Energy”.

■ Ingelise Arntsen, Executive Vice President Statkraft: “Statkraft as a Major Player in a European Green Energy Market”.

■ Hanne Lekva, Manager Statoil: “Statoil's Program on Renewables”.

■ John Andersen, Manager Renewable Energy Corporation: “Norwegian Renewable Energy for an International Market”.

■ Øystein Dahle, Chairman World Watch Institute, Norway: “Renewable Energy, Big Potentials and Large Opportunities”.

■ Thore Berntsson, Professor Chalmers EnergiCentrum, Gothenburg, Sweden: “Development of Renewable Energy in Sweden”.

Professor Yasuhiko Ito, Doshisa University, Kyoto, Japan, Sept 1,2004. "Novel Molten Salt Electrochemical Processes for HydrogenEnergy Systems and Advanced Materials".

Professor Neil McMurray, University of Wales, Swansea, UK, Oct. 21, 2004. "Mechanisms of Corrosion Inhibition by Ion-ExchangePigments".

Professor, PhD Volodymyr Yartys, IFE, Kjeller, Oct. 29, 2004. "Lagring av hydrogen".

Professor Terence G. Langdon, Department of Aerospace &Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, LosAngeles, CA, USA, Nov. 25, 2004. "Processing of Ultrafine – GrainedAluminium Alloys through Severe Plastic Deformation".

Professor Dave Embury, Department of Materials Science andEngineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, October –November, 2004. Lectures for Students at Level 5: “MicrostructuralAspects and Basic Mechanics of the Behaviour of Materials.”

Guest Lectures

31

Guest Professor David Embury lecturing.

Guest Professor David Lynch, University of Arizona, measures temperature during silicon /slag

equilibration.

Irmild Westby Nordstrøm, Camilla Berge Vik and Hilde Fossbakk watching a chemical volcano, the decomposition of (NH4)2Cr2O7.

GUEST LECTURES ›››

32

SEMINARS›››

››› Inorganic Chemistry

Sept. 30, 2004: Martin Ystenes: Motivation in Chemistry Teaching.

Oct. 5, 2004: Ole-Kristian Eide: IR and NMR Studies of Polyolefin Catalysts.

Oct. 12, 2004: Tore Larsen: Sand Stabilization with Mineral Precipitation.

Oct. 19, 2004: Tommy Mokkelbost: Nanocrystalline Ceria.

Oct. 26, 2004: Christian Schøning: The Effect on Alkali on Refractory Materials.

Nov. 2, 2004: Tor Grande: Materials in Chemical Potential Gradient.

Nov. 9, 2004: Johann Mastin: Ferroelastic Oxide Materials

Nov. 16, 2004: Paul Dahl: Nanocrystalline Zirconia.

Nov. 23, 2004: Michal Tkac: Pore Size Distribution in Baked Anode Paste.

Nov. 30, 2004: Stein Rørvik: Image Analysis.

Dec. 7, 2004: Ibrahiem Mohamed: TiB2 - coating on Carbon Cathodes.

››› Electrochemistry

Feb. 6, 2004: Magnus Rønning: Techniques for Characterisation of Catalyst Materials.

March 5, 2004: Øystein Sævik: Electrochemical Aactivation of AlPb Model Alloys.

March 12, 2004: Torsten Berning: Improving the Performance of High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cells Based on PBI Electrolyte.

March 17, 2004: Aaron Marshall: Nanocrystalline Ir-based Oxide Powders as Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts.

March 24, 2004: Sten Egil Johnsen: New Catalysts for the Hydrogen Electrode in Alkaline Water Electrolysis.

March 31, 2004: Helge Weydahl: The Dynamic Behaviour of Alkaline Fuel Cells.

April 16, 2004: Torjus Åkre: The Anode Process in Cobolt Electrolysis.

April 21, 2004: Mikhail Tsypkin: Electrocatalysts for PEM Water Electrolysis.

May 12, 2004: Espen Sandnes: The Anode Process in Chloride-Oxide Melts.

Nov. 10, 2004: Axel Baumann Ofstad: Development and Assessment of a Small PEMFC Stack.

Nov. 17, 2004: Stein Trygve Briskeby: A Vanadium Based Red/ox-system for Energy Storage - Kinetic Studies.

Nov. 24, 2004: Ingrid Anne Lervik: Development of an Alkaline Fuel Cell System.

Dec. 8, 2004: Silje Rodahl: Quantifying Adhesion Properties of Coatings by Use of Fracture Mechanical Tests.

Seminars

STAFF ›››

33

Staff

››› Scientific staffProfessor, Ph.D. Lars ArnbergProfessor emeritus, Jon Arne BakkenAssociate Professor, Dr.ing. Dagfinn BratlandAssociate Professor, Dr.ing. Børre BørresenProfessor, Dr.ing. Mari-Ann EinarsrudProfessor emeritus, Dr.ing. Thorvald A. EnghProfessor emeritus, Arne EspelundProfessor, Dr.ing. Trygve FoosnæsProfessor, Dr.ing. Tor GrandeProfessor, Dr.ing. Øystein GrongProfessor, Dr.ing. Georg Hagen, died Oct. 28, 2004Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Jan L. HolmProfessor, Dr.ing. Geir Martin HaarbergAssociate Professor, Dr.ing. Håvard Karoliussen, to May 31, 2004Professor, Dr.ing. Leiv KolbeinsenProfessor, Dr. philos Otto LohneProfessor, Dr.ing. Knut MarthinsenProfessor emeritus, Ketil MozfeldtProfessor, Ph.D. Erik NesProfessor, Ph.D. Kemal NisanciogluProfessor emeritus, Sverre OlsenProfessor emeritus, Dr.techn. Terkel RosenqvistProfessor, Dr.techn. Hans Jørgen RovenProfessor emeritus, Dr.techn. Nils RyumProfessor, Dr. philos Jan Ketil SolbergProfessor emeritus, Dr.ing. Åsmund StertenProfessor, Dr.ing. Merete Tangstad, from July 1, 2004Professor emeritus, Dr.techn. Jomar ThonstadProfessor emeritus, Reidar TunoldProfessor emeritus, Johan Kr. TusetAssociate Professor, Dr.ing. Kjell WiikProfessor, Dr.ing. Martin YstenesProfessor, Dr.techn. Terje ØstvoldProfessor, Dr.techn. Harald A. ØyeAdjunct Professor, Dr. Olaf EnglerAdjunct Professor, Dr. scient. Jarle HjelenAdjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Ola JensrudAdjunct Professor, Dr.techn. Stein JulsrudAdjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Harald JustenesAdjunct Professor, Dr.techn. Halvor KvandeAdjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Tor LindstadAdjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Knut Arne PaulsenAdjunct Professor, Dr. techn. Oddvin ReisoAdjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Christian Rosenkilde

Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Morten SørlieAdjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Halvard TveitAdjunct Professor, Ph.D. Birger Ydstie to May 15, 2004

››› Technical staffChief Engineer John R. Leinum to Aug. 20, 2004Senior Engineer Tor Arild NilsenChief Engineer Elin NilsenChief Engineer Morten RaanesSenior Engineer Pål UlsethEngineer Jan Arve BaatnesEngineer Terje ForsaaEngineer Fritz HelgemoSenior Engineer Eli Beate JakobsenEngineer Tore JørgensenEngineer Kjell RøkkeEngineer Odd Steinar StrømsliEngineer May Grete SætranEngineer Gunn Torill Wikdahl

››› Administrative staffHead of administration Trond Einar HagenConsultant Martha BjerknesConsultant Elsa Mari FlorhaugConsultant Unni KeiseraasSecretary Randi KojenSenior Consultant Brit Wenche MelandConsultant Hilde M. NordøSecretary Åse Lill Salomonsen

››› Research scientistsDr.ing. Geir J. AndersenDr.ing. Børge Forbord, from March 1, 2004Dr.scient. Jarle Hjelen (60%)Ph.D. Yingda YuDr. Jilai Xue, to June 30, 2004

››› Guest professors/researchersProfessor Calvin White, to May 2004Professor David Embury, from Sept. 20, 2004Professor David Lynch, June 16 - Aug. 13, 2004Dr. Katsuhito Takei, from March 1, 2004Professor Alexander Zolochevsky, March 17 - June 13 and Sept. 20 - Dec. 20, 2004

STAFF

34

›››

››› Post doctoral fellowsPh.D. Torsten Berning, to March 31, 2004Dr.ing. Randi Brateng, to June 27, 2004 and from Oct. 14, 2004Ph.D. Stephane Dumoulin, to Oct. 18, 2004Dr.ing. Børge Forbord, to Feb. 29, 2004Dr.ing. Jesper FriisPh.D. Sean Gaal, to Oct. 17, 2004Dr.ing. Bjørn HolmedalPh.D. Guiquing Hu, to Aug. 22, 2004Dr.ing. Sten Egil JohnsenPh.D. Ingeborg KausDr.ing. Ole E. Kongstein, from June 1, 2004Dr.ing. Anne KvithyldPh.D. Yanjun Li, to Aug. 31, 2004Ph.D. Ana Maria MartinezDr.ing. Michael Nordbakke, to June 30, 2004Dr.ing. Preben Randhol, to May 31, 2004. Dr.ing. Øyvind RyenDr.ing. Rolf Alexander Skar, to Nov. 14, 2004Dr.ing. Gaute Stokkan, from May 29, 2004Ph.D. Yang SunPh.D. Mikhail TsypkinDr.ing. Marianne Videm (50%)Ph.D. Guozhong Wang, from Oct. 12, 2004

››› Scientific assistantsØystein AndersenAnders JernbergLeiv Olav JøsangLene KarlstadBård KnudsenRuth Astrid Strøm

››› Department scholarship holdersOle Kristian EideTore LarsenTommy MokkelbostGeir Watterud, to Sept. 30, 2004Cecilie Ødegård

››› External scholarship holders with 25% teaching duties

Paul Inge DahlPer Anders Eidem, from Sep. 16, 2004Tomas ErlienFredrik Haakonsen, from Nov. 15, 2004Lina JonassonMagnus Hurlen LarsenHilde Lea LeinStian MadshusViktor MyrvågnesPer Martin Rørvik, from Aug. 2, 2004Andreas Westermoen

››› External scholarship holdersJorun Zahl AlbertsenHans BjerkaasStein Trygve Briskeby, from June 14, 2004Marisa Di SabatinoOdd Einar FrostaNils-H. GiskeødegårdBrit GraverHarald GörnerJana Hajasova, from March 8, 2004Håkon HallemRune Halseid to Jan. 31, 2004Raimo HeleniusMohamed IbrahiemSorin IsacMorten S. Jensen, from Aug. 23, 2004Yuxiu Ju, to Sept. 9, 2004Jacub KaczorowskiMartin KeppertRannveig Kvande, from Aug. 30, 2004Sten Yngve LarsenHans Ivar Laukli, to July 9, 2004Inger Anne Lervik, from Aug. 9, 2004Aaron MarshallJohann MastinØyvind MjøsViktor MyrvågnesAxel Baumann Ofstad, from Aug. 1, 2004Marian Palcut, from Aug. 5, 2004Silje RodahlEspen Rudberg, from Feb. 2, 2004Birgit Ryningen, from Aug. 31, 2004Jafaar Safarian, from July 26, 2004Kristian SandengenEspen SandnesFrode SelandGaute Stokkan, to Feb. 15, 2004Gaute SvenningsenPrzemyslaw SzczygielØystein SævikAnne-Karin Søiland, to Oct. 31, 2004Stian Tangen, to March 15, 2004Magnus Skinlo ThomassenMichal TkacRandulf Valle, to Sept. 30, 2004Kristin VasshaugJens Christoffer WerenskioldHelge WeydahlCecilie ØdegårdTorjus Åkre

STAFF ›››

35

››› Undergraduate assistants Spring term 2004

Linda Charlotte BergeOdne BurheimMagne BjertnæsIngvild BrataasEllen DavisPer Anders EidemSnorre FjeldboKristen FoshaugAhmed HersiErik HessenErik HognesFredrik HaakonsenTorfinn HålandPer Ove JohansenTorbjørn Herder KaggerudIngrid Anne LervikKatrine MelhuusSigurd MellemstrandSilje NilsenHanne NøvikAxel Baumann OfstadTrine OkstadHåkon OlsenMagnus Øien PaulsenRuth S. Haga PettersenElisabeth Leirvik RabbenNicole RagvinPer Martin RørvikSverre SelbachAslak SkjeldestadMorten Jensen SundheimManja Iselin SydengenChristina SætenAndreas TennøeØyvind TysseHarris UtneJohanna WåsjøSiw-Christin Aaserud

››› Undergraduate assistants, Fall term 2004Ingvild AsbjørnsenLinda Charlotte BergeNavod Binai-FaalMagne BjertnæsOdne BurheimEllen E. G. DavisTone FrydenbergMorten GleditschEspen Stødle GåserudLinda Jeanette HagenIngvild Eide HaugmoOle-Erich Haas

Magnus Glosli JacobsenHans Martin JahrenGeir Trygve JensenMari JøndahlSondre LøkenSilje NagTrine OkstadSverre Magnus SelbachAslak SkjeldestadTone Hansen StabellMarie SyreKaja TorpeØyvind Østrem

››› Exchange studentsWouter Rittel, Technical Univeristy DelftMauro Spinsanti, Univ. of AnconaMarco Ferretti, Univ. of AnconaStefano Ghetti, Univ. of AnconaClaudio di Frederico, Univ. of Ancona

››› Summer studentsPeter BrownEllen Marie FlatenCamilla KarlsenTone LyngdalSverre M. SelbachSølvi Slåtten

››› ApprenticeMari Bakke

››› Department boardLars Arnberg, HeadTor Grande, Dep. HeadKnut MarthinsenLeiv KolbeinsenKemal NisanciogluGeir Martin HaarbergMari-Ann EinarsrudMorten RaanesEli Beate JakobsenAud Nina WærnesEirik Rabbe Johnsen

››› SubstitutesTrygve FoosnæsGeorg HagenOtto LohneKjell WiikReidar TunoldKjell RøkkeMartha BjerknesGeir Watterud

First year students performing qualitative analysis. From left: Sondre S. Kvalvåg, Tor Arne Krakeli, Hege Johansen, Tone Kalstad.

1st year student Mari Voldsend examines her produced

NH4Cr(SO4)2 • 12 H2O crystal.

36

GRADUATE STUDIES›››

GRADUATE STUDIES ›››

37

Graduate Studies Dr.ing. Degrees

Ju, Yuxiu

Major Subjects:Dr. lecture:Thesis Advisor:Examination committee:

“The Influence of Grain Bridging on the Hot Tearing Properties of Aluminium Alloys”.Dr.ing. thesis 2004:137. September 2004.Physical Metallurgy.“Formation and Modelling of Microporosity in Light Metal Castings”.Professor Lars Arnberg.Senior Scientist Dmitry Eskin, Netherlands Institute for Metals Research, Delft, The Netherlands.Research Manager, Dr.ing. Øyvind Nielsen, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Oslo, Norway.Adjunct Professor Morten Langøy, Department of Engineering Design and Materials, NTNU.Professor, Ph.D. Lars Arnberg, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU (chair).Principal Scientist, Professor Asbjørn Mo, SINTEF, Oslo, Norway.

Laukli, Hans Ivar

Major Subjects:Dr. lecture:Thesis Advisor:Examination committee:

“High Pressure Die Casting of Aluminium and Magnesium Alloys – Grain Structure and SegregationCharacteristics”.Dr.ing. thesis 2004:57. April 2004.Physical Metallurgy.“Recycling of Light Metals – Challenges and Opportunities”.Professor Otto Lohne.Professor Harold Brody, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA.Dr. Franz-Josef Feikus, Hydro Aluminium Deutschland GmbH, Bonn, Germany.Professor, Dr.ing. Øystein Grong, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU.Professor, Dr.philos. Otto Lohne, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU (chair).Professor, Ph.D. Lars Arnberg, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU (co-chair).

Ott, Emmanuelle

Major Subjects:Dr. lecture:Thesis Advisor:Examination committee:

“Solidification of two Ferroalloys, FeSi 75w%Si and MC-FeMn; Formation of Microstructure and Cracks”.Dr.ing. thesis 2003:100, IMT-report 2003:56. January 2004.Physical Metallurgy.“Production of Feedstock for Silicon Based Photovoltaic Solar Cells”.Professor Lars Arnberg.Professor Chanhai Li, Institutionen för Metalliska Konstruktionsmaterial, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, Göteborg,Sweden.Dr.ing. Eivind Gustav Hoel, ELKEM, Kristiansand, Norway.Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Halvard Tveit, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU.Professor, Ph.D. Lars Arnberg, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU (chair).

Halseid, Rune

Major Subjects:Dr. lecture:Thesis Advisor:Examination committee:

“Ammonia as Hydrogen Carrier - Effects of Ammonia on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells”. Dr.ing. thesis 2004:25, IMT-report 2004:59. March 2004.Electrochemistry.“Feasibility of Integrated Heat and Power Systems Based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells”.Professor Reidar Tunold.Professor, Ph.D. Thomas Zawodzinski, Department of Chemical Engineering, CWRU, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.Dr.techn. Svein Sunde, OECD, Halden Reactor Project, Halden, Norway.Professor, Ph.D. Kemal Nisancioglu, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU.Professor Emeritus ReidarTunold, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU (chair).

During 2004, 67 Dr.ing./Ph.D. students have worked at Department of Materials Technology.10 students have been awarded the degree Dr.ing:

GRADUATE STUDIES

38

›››

Ryen, Øyvind Holmen

Major Subjects:Dr. lecture:Thesis Advisor:Examination committee:

“Work Hardening and Mechanical Anisotropy of Aluminium Sheets and Profiles”.Dr.ing. thesis 2003:105. November 2004.Physical Metallurgy.“Crashworthiness of Aluminium Structures – Material Properties and Design”.Professor Erik Nes.Professor, Ph.D. Anthony D. Rollett, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, USA.Head of Section, Dr.ing. Svein Roger Skjervold, Extrusion Competence Center, Hydro Al Structures, Raufoss, Norway.Professor, Dr.ing. Knut Marthinsen, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU.Professor, Ph.D. Erik Nes, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU (chair).Professor, Dr.techn. Hans Jørgen Roven, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU (co-chair).

Stokkan, Gaute

Major Subjects:Dr. lecture:Thesis Advisor:Examination committee:

“Characterisation of Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells”.Ph.D. thesis 2004:58. April 2004.Physical Metallurgy.“Gettering of MG Silicon; Challenges and Developments”.Professor Otto Lohne.Priv.-Doz., Dr. Gerhard Willeke, Department of Head Solar Cells – Material Technology, Fraunhofer Institute forSolar Energy Systems, Freiburg, Germany.Principal Engineer, Ph.D. Bhushan Sopori, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, USA.Professor, Ph.D. Lars Arnberg, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU.Professor, Dr.philos. Otto Lohne, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU (chair).

Tangen, Stian Moe

Major Subjects:Dr. lecture:Thesis Advisor:Examination committee:

“Deformation and Annealing Behaviour of Commercial Non-Heat Treatable Aluminium Alloys. An Experimental Investigation”.Dr.ing. thesis 2004:123.September 2004.Physical Metallurgy.“Material Aspects of Automotive Heat Exchangers, Current, Past and Future Challenges”.Professor Erik Nes.Professor F. John Humphreys, UMIST, Manchester Materials Science Centre, England.Research Director, Dr. Stephen A. Court, Fabrication Technology, Alcan Technology & Management, Neuhausen,Switzerland.Professor, Dr.philos. Jan Ketil Solberg, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU.Professor, Ph.D. Erik Nes, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU (chair).

Valle, Randulf

Major Subjects:Dr. lecture:Thesis Advisor:Examination committee:

“The Effect of Strain Path Changes on the Subsequent Recrystallization Properties of Aluminium Alloys”.Dr.ing. thesis 2004:10. January 2004.Physical Metallurgy.“Conversion Coatings as Lubricants for Cold Working of Aluminium Alloys”.Professor Erik Nes.Professor, Ph.D. Bevis Hutchinson, Institutet för Metallforskning, Stockholm, Sweden.Dr.ing. Tanja Pettersen, Hydro Aluminium AS, Årdal Metal Plant, Øvre Årdal, Norway.Professor, Dr.ing. Øystein Grong, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU.Professor, Ph.D. Erik Nes, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU (chair).

Werenskiold, JensChristofer

Major Subjects:Dr. lecture:

Thesis Advisor:Examination committee:

“Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) of AA6082: Mechanical Properties, Texture and MicrostructuralDevelopment”.Dr.ing. thesis 2004:129, IMT-report 2004:63. October 2004.Physical Metallurgy.“Precipitation in Age Hardenable Aluminium Alloys – An Overview Including Preaging Deformation and DynamicPrecipitation Effects”.Professor Hans Jørgen Roven.Professor, Ph.D., D.Sc. Terence G. Langdon, Department of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, University ofSouthern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.Senior Scientist, Dr.ing. Trond Furu, Hydro Aluminium AS, Sunndalsøra, Norway.Adjunct Professor, Dr.ing. Ola Jensrud, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU.Professor Emeritus, Dr.techn. Nils Ryum, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU.Professor, Dr.techn. Hans Jørgen Roven, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU (chair).Professor Fridtjof Irgens, Department of Structural Engineering, NTNU (co-chair).

GRADUATE STUDIES ›››

39

The following Dr.ing./Ph.D. projects are in progress:

Name Title Thesis advisor

1. Albertsen, Jorun Zahl Mechanisms of metal dusting corrosion in different high temperature Grong, Øysteinmaterials.

2. Bjerkaas, Hans In-situ deformation of Al alloys-experiments, state of the art equipment Roven, Hans Jørgenand theoretical modelling of plastic flow.

3. Briskeby, Stein Trygve Electrocatalysts of noble metals supported on carbon nanofibres. Børresen, Børre

4. Dahl, Paul Inge Synthesis and characterization of nano crystalline oxygen ion conductors. Einarsrud, Mari-Ann

5. Di Sabatino, Marisa Fluidity of Al alloys. Arnberg, Lars

6. Eide, Ole-Kristian IR and NMR spectroscopy of catalyst for olefin polymerization. Ystenes, Martin

7. Eidem, Per Anders Electrical conductivity of coke beds. Tangstad, Merete

8. Erlien, Tomas Laugsand Cold bonding mechanisms in aluminium alloys. Grong, Øystein

9. Frosta, Odd Einar Modelling of baked anodes. Foosnæs, TrygveØye, Harald A.

10. Giskeødegård, Nils Håvard Adhesion of organic functional groups on aluminium. Nisancioglu, Kemal

11. Graver, Brit K. F. Modification of properties of aluminium alloys by surface segregation Nisancioglu, Kemalof nanoscale trace element particles.

12. Görner, Harald Development of an AlF3 active filter for Al. Engh, Thorvald Abel

13. Hajasova, Jana Electrochemical behaviour of dissolved impurity species of sulphur Haarberg, Geir Martinand phosphorus in molten salts.

14. Hallem, Håkon Addition of scandium, zirconium and hafnium in aluminium alloys. Marthinsen, Knut

15. Helenius, Raimo High pressure die casting of light metals. Lohne, Otto

16. Ibrahiem, Mohamed Coatings in carbon cathodes. Foosnæs, TrygveØye, Harald A.

17. Isac, Sorin Metal powder project – “Metal printing process”. Arnberg, Lars

18. Jensen, Morten Sundheim Chemical degradation, wetting and electrochemical properties of Grande, Torpolycrystalline TiB2 inert cathodes.

Aarstad, Kari

Major Subjects:Dr. lecture:Thesis Advisor:Examination committee:

“Protective Films on Molten Magnesium”.Dr.ing. thesis 2004:7. May 2004.Extractive Metallurgy.“Pressure Die Casting of Magnesium”.Professor Thorvald Abel Engh.Professor, PhD Calvin White, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Michigan TechnologicalUniversity, USA.Chief Engineer, Dr.ing. Per Bakke, Norsk Hydro Magnesium, Porsgrunn, Norway.Professor, Ph.D. Kemal Nisancioglu, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU.Professor Emeritus, Dr.ing. Thorvald Abel Engh, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU (chair).

GRADUATE STUDIES

40

›››

19. Johnsen, Kim Andre Co-production of electrical power and hydrogen from natural gas – Kolbeinsen, Leivdevelopment of CO2 adsorbent and reactor design for integrated reforming and CO2 capture.

20. Jonasson, Lina Margareta Cathode structure and cathode wear in aluminium electrolysis cells. Foosnæs, TrygveØye, Harald A.

21. Kaczorowski, Jakub The Boudouard reaction in manganese alloys production, Lindstad, Torcatalyzed by alkali components.

22. Keppert, Martin Electrochemical behaviour of phosphorous species in fluoride melts. Haarberg, Geir Martin

23. Kvande, Rannveig Casting of silicon for use in solar cells. Arnberg, Lars

24. Larsen, Magnus Hurlen Effect of composition and thermomechanical processing on the Nisancioglu, Kemalintergranular corrosion of AA6000 aluminium alloys.

25. Larsen, Sten Yngve Novel carbon materials in electrometallurgical applications. Foosnæs, TrygveØye, Harald A.

26. Larsen, Tore Environmentally friendly techniques for sand stabilization and water Østvold, Terjeproofing of tunnels.

27. Lein, Hilde Lea Mechanical properties and phase stability of oxygen permeable Grande, Tormembranes La0.5Sr0.5Fe1-xCoxO3-δδ.

28. Lervik, Ingrid Anne Electrocatalysts for PEM-water electrolysis. Hagen, Georg

29. Madshus, Stian Hydrogen transfer during carbonization of binder pitches. Øye, Harald A.

30. Marshall, Aron Characterisation of electrocatalysts for water electrolysis. Hagen, Georg

31. Mastin, Johann Ferroelastic oxide materials. Einarsrud, Mari-Ann

32. Miland, Harald Control strategies and optimization of a photovoltaic-hydrogen stand Hagen, Georgalone power system. Børresen, Børre

33. Mjøs, Øyvind Directional solidification of multicrystalline silicon for solar cells. Arnberg, Lars

34. Mokkelbost, Tommy Synthesis and characterization of nano crystalline ceria-based materials. Einarsrud, Mari-Ann

35. Myrvågnes, Viktor Alfred Structure and behaviour of fossil reduction materials in the silicon- Lindstad, Torand ferrosilicon process.

36. Palcut, Marian Cation diffusion in ABO3 perovskite oxides. Grande, Tor

37. Rodahl, Silje Chromatefree pretreatment of aluminium for organic coating. Nisancioglu, Kemal

38. Rudberg, Espen Andre Oxygen and hydrogen exchange on functional oxide membranes. Nisancioglu, Kemal

39. Ryningen, Birgit Characterisation of solar cell – silicon. Lohne, Otto

40. Rørvik, Per Martin Ceramic nanoparticles and nanostructures by chemical methods. Einarsrud, Mari-Ann

41. Salberg, Bjarne Development of austenite manganese steels for abrasive and Solberg, Jan Ketilimpact wear applications.

42. Sandengen, Kristian Prediction of scale formation in wet gas condensate pipelines. Østvold, Terje

43. Sandnes, Espen The anode process on carbon in chloride melts. Haarberg, Geir MartinTunold, Reidar

44. Seland, Frode Anode processes in low temperature fuel cells. Børresen, BørreTunold, Reidar

Ph.D. student Juraj Chmelar instructs EngineerMay Grete Sætran at the thermal dilatation equipment.

GRADUATE STUDIES ›››

41

Dr.ing. Jens C. Werenskiold at the hydraulic press performing Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) by ECAP.

GRADUATE STUDIES

42

›››

45. Svenningsen, Gaute Intergranular corrosion of AA6000 series aluminium alloys. Nisancioglu, Kemal

46. Szczygiel, Przemyslaw ECAP recycled Al alloys – experimental characterization of Roven, Hans Jørgenproperties and microstructure.

47. Sævik, Øystein Pitting corrosion of AA3000 series alloys. Nisancioglu, Kemal

48. Søiland, Anne-Karin Refining of silicon: removal of carbon and boron. Lohne, OttoTuset, Johan Kristian

49. Thomassen, Magnus H2/Cl2 fuel cell for co-generation of electricity and HCl. Børresen, BørreTunold, Reidar

50. Tkac, Michal Porosity development in composite carbon materials during Foosnæs, Trygveheat treatment. Øye, Harald A.

51. Vasshaug, Kristin Electrochemical wear of carbon materials in fluoride melts. Haarberg, Geir MartinFoosnæs, Trygve

52. Vikan, Hedda Vestøl The rheological behaviour of cementitious binders. Justnes, Harald

53. Watterud, Geir Oxygen transport coefficients in perovskites with mixed conductivity. Wiik, Kjell

54. Westermoen, Andreas Plasma reactor modelling. Tangstad, MereteBakken, Jon Arne

55. Weydahl, Helge Dynamic behaviour of fuel cell systems. Hagen, Georg Børresen, Børre

56. Ødegård, Cecilie Conversion of silicon tetrachloride to trichlorsilane. Foosnæs, TrygveØye, Harald A.

57. Åkre, Torjus Depolarised anodes for electrowinning of cobalt from chloride solutions. Haarberg, Geir Martin

The following Dr.ing. projects are co-supervised in other departments

Name Title Thesis advisor

58. Brandvoll, Øyvind Chemical looping combustion - Fuel conversion with inherent Bolland, Olav (NTNU, CO2 capture. Department Energy and

Process Engineering)Kolbeinsen, Leiv

59. Chmelar, Juraj Size reduction and specification of granular petrol coke with Sandvik, Knut Lyng (NTNU,respect to chemical and physical properties. Department of Geology and

Mineral Resources)Foosnæs, Trygve

60. Fjeldbo, Snorre Kjørstad Experimental studies and simulation of structure evolution and Støren, Sigurd (NTNU,formability along complex loading paths. Department of Engineering

Design and Materials)Roven, Hans Jørgen

61. Kofina, Katerina Phosphorus recovery from waste water. Nucleation and crystal Koutsoukos, Petros G.growth of struvite in aqueous media. (Univ. of Patras, Department

of Chemical Engineering, Patras, Greece)Østvold, Terje

GRADUATE STUDIES ›››

43

62. Lioliou, Marianna Experimental study and theoretical modeling of soil consolidation, Payatakes, Alkiviadesfor protection from corrosion, using inorganic salts precipitation. (University of Patras,

Department of Chemical Engineering, Patras, Greece)Østvold, Terje

63. Miguel, Rodrigo de Constitutive modelling of stress-strain relationships in Mo, Asbjørn (SINTEF commercial Al-Mg-Si alloys. Materialsand Chemistry,

Oslo). Grong, Øystein.

64. Nolte, Dirk Analyses of aluminium hot forging. Valberg, Henry (NTNU, Department of Engineering Design and Materials)Roven, Hans Jørgen

65. Søndenå, Rune Dynamic structure, energetics and phase stability of 1D, 2D and 3D Svein Stølen, (Department ofnetwork-forming compounds and melts. Chemistry, University of Oslo)

Grande, Tor

66. Wandera, Andrew C. J. O. The effect of defects on the efficiency of silicon solar cell as Grepstad, Jostein (NTNU, measured by LBIC. Department of Electronics

and Telecommunications)Lohne, Otto

Ph.D. student Lina Jonasson performing aluminium electrolysis.

COURSE PROGRAM

44

›››

Course Program

Course no. Semester: Title Lectures and exercise Passed/

Spring=S Credits in parenthesis; old: ( ), new [ ] coordinators Started

Autumn=A

TMT4105 S Gen. Chem. (7.5) M. Ystenes 195/225

TMT4110 S Gen. Chem. (7.5) D. Bratland 107/119

TMT4120 S Gen. Chem. 2 (7.5) T. Foosnæs, H. Øye 71/75

TMT4130 S Inorg. Chem. (7.5) T. Grande, M-A. Einarsrud 70/74

TMT4140 S Appl. Thermodyn. (7.5) T. Østvold, T. Haug-Warberg 32/41

TMT4150 S Refractories (7.5) K. Wiik 9/10

TMT4160 S Hightemp. Chem. (7.5) D. Bratland 8/8

TMT4175 S Materials Technology 2 (7.5) Ø. Grong, K. Marthinsen, 39/39

O. Lohne

TMT4190 S Applied Materials Technology (7.5) O. Lohne, K. H. Holthe 18/18

TMT4210 S Material and Process Modelling (7.5) K. Marthinsen -

TMT4215 S Casting (7.5) L. Arnberg 11/11

TMT4225 S Mech. Prop. of Eng. Mat. 2 (7.5) E. Nes 7/7

TMT4230 S Metallurgical Eingineering (7.5) J. A. Bakken 1/1

TMT4235 S Refin. and Recycl. of Met. (7.5) M. Syvertsen 6/6

TMT4240 S Microstruc. and Prop. of Mat. (7.5) J. K. Solberg 6/7

TMT4245 S Functional Materials (7.5) M-A. Einarsrud, T. Grande 8/8

TMT4250 S Electrochem., basic cour. (7.5) G. M. Haarberg 28/28

TMT4260 S Phase Trans. in Metals (7.5) M. Nordbakke 6/6

TMT4265 S Mater.Techn.-Form. Light Met. (7.5) H. J. Roven, O. Jensrud, 6/6

T. Welo, O. Reiso

TMT4270 S Refin. And Recyc. of Metals, Adv. Cour. (7.5) E. Øvrelid 4/4

TMT4280 S Extractive metallurgy (7.5) L. Kolbeinsen 2/2

TMT4285 S Hydrogen/Energy/Solar Cells (7.5) H. Karoliussen 46/47

TMT4290 S Mater. and Surf. Chem. (7.5) H. Karoliussen 22/23

TMT4305 S Electrometallurgy (7.5) H. Tveit, M. Tangstad 3/3

TMT4310 S Electrocat. and Ener. Techn. (7.5) B. Børresen 9/9

Descriptions of the courses offered at the Department are included in the University CourseCatalogue that can be obtained from Student and Academic Section, NTNU. The present surveylists the courses given by our scientific staff.

COURSE PROGRAM ›››

45

TMT4315 S Electrochem. Eng., (7.5) K. Nisancioglu 7/7

TMT4800 S Experts in team (7.5) J. K. Solberg 29/29

TMT4100 A Gen. Chem. (7.5) M. Ystenes 169/205

TMT4115 A Gen. Chem. 1 (7.5) T. Foosnæs, H. A. Øye 92/101

TMT4145 A Ceramic Engin. (7.5) M-A. Einarsrud, K. Wiik 15/15

TMT4155 A Heterog. Equilib. (7.5) T. Grande 11/11

TMT4170 A Mater. Techn. 1 (7.5) H. J. Roven, N. Ryum, /29

L. Kolbeinsen

TMT4185 A Mater. Science and Eng. (7.5) B. Børresen 42/46

TMT4200 A Heat and Mass Trans. (7.5) T. Lindstad 21/24

TMT4205 A Chem. Thermodyn. (7.5) L. Kolbeinsen -

TMT4220 A Mech.Prop. of Eng. Mat. 1 (7.5) E. Nes, N. P. Vedvik 10/20

TMT4255 A Corr. and Corr.Protec. (7.5) K. Nisancioglu, U. Steinsmo 13/13

TMT4275 A Thermodyn. and Phase Dia. (7.5) L. Kolbeinsen 17/19

TMT4295 A Electro. Proc. (7.5) G. M. Haarberg 20/22

TMT4300 A Light and Electr. Micro. (7.5) J. K. Solberg, J. Hjelen 24/36

TMT4710 A Corr. and surface techn., Specialization, (22.5) K. Nisancioglu 1/1

TMT4720 A Ceramic Eng. and Func. Mat., Specialization, (22.5) K. Wiik 3/3

TMT4730 A Proc. Metall. and Electrolysis, Specialization, (22.5) T. Foosnæs, L. Kolbeinsen, 9/9

G. M. Haarberg

TMT4740 A Energy and Mater., Specialization, (22.5) B. Børresen 5/5

TMT4750 A Mat. Development and Specialization, (22.5) H. J. Roven 11/11

TMT5141 A Applied Thermodynamics (7.5) T. Østvold 6/6

MT8100 A-03/S-04 Transport Phenomena (12.0) K. Nisancioglu -

MT8103 A-03/S-04 Semiconductor electrochemistry (10.0) G. Hagen 2/2

MT8105 A-04/S-05 Electrochemical Energy Technology (10.5) B. Børresen 4/4

MT8201 S Advanced electrometallurgy (7.5) L. Kolbeinsen 3/3

MT8202 S High Temperature Plasma Technology, (7.5 ) J. A. Bakken -

MT8204 S Recrystallization and Texture (6.0) E. Nes 1/1

MT8207 S Electron Microscopy (7.5) J. K. Solberg 11/11

MT8101 A-04/S-05 Electrochemical Kinetics (12.0) C. Rosenkilde, G. M. Haarberg -

MT8102 A-04/S-05 Corrosion and surface technology (7.5) K. Nisancioglu -

MT8205 A Metallurgical Modelling of Welding (7.5) Ø. Grong 3/3

MT8210 A Advanced Solidification Metallurgy (7.5) L. Arnberg 3/3

MT8211 A Kinetics of Metallurgical Reactions (6.0) T. Lindstad 3/3

MT8213 A Modelling and Simulation of Materials Microstructure (7.5) K. Marthinsen 3/3

and Properties

MT8300 A Electrolysis of Light Metals 2 (7.5) H. Kvande 10/10

MT8302 S-03/A-04 Advanced Solid State Chemistry, (15.0) S. Julsrud 4/4

MT8303 A Thermodynamics of High Temperature Systems (12.0) H. Kvande 7/7

MT8305 S Cement Chemistry (7.5) H. Justnes 1/1

MT8306 S Advanced Ceramics Processing (7.5) M-A. Einarsrud 3/3

GRADUATED M.Sc. STUDENTS

46

›››

Graduated M.Sc. students with titles of their diploma

››› PHYSICAL METALLURGYBjerke, Even Supervisor: Professor Claes-Gøran GustafsonManufacture of glass and carbon fibre reinforced plastics from edge trim Examiner: Siv.ing. Raymond Johnsen

Ole Finnerud, Lars Supervisor: Professor Jan Ketil SolbergPowder based composite tool steel Examiner: Siv.ing. Bjørn Borchgrewink, Oslo

Fjeldbo, Snorre Kjørstad Supervisor: Professor Hans Jørgen RovenFatigue improvement methods for welds in stainless steels Examiner: Dr.ing. Ola Jensrud, Raufoss

Haakonsen, Fredrik Supervisor: Professor Jan Ketil SolbergAbrasion resistant chromium cast iron Examiner: Siv.ing. Bjørn Borchgrewink, Oslo

Pedersen, Jens Erlend Supervisor: Professor Otto LohneThe effect of silicon microstructure on the effiency of a solar cell Examiner: Cand. Philol. Erik Sauar, SolEnergy, Høvik

Solberg, Elin Supervisor: Professor Jan Ketil SolbergInvestigation of titanium for use as bipolar plates in fuel cells and water Examiner: Siv.ing. Bjørn Borchgrewink, Osloelectrolysers (PEM-technology)

Sydengen, Manja Iselin Supervisor: Professor Otto LohneThe effect of silicon on microstructure and mechanical properties to Examiner: Dr.ing. Håkon Westengen, Norsk Hydro, a high pressure die cast AM50-alloy Porsgrunn

››› EXTRACTIVE METALLURGYEidem, Per Anders Supervisor: Professor Jon Arne BakkenDetermination of specific resistance in coke Examiner: Dr.ing. Steinar Wasbø, Eramet, Trondheim

Olsen, Simen Supervisor: Professor Jon Arne BakkenMeasurements of specific electric resistance in coke Examiner: Dr.ing. Steinar Wasbø, Eramet, Trondheim

››› INORGANIC CHEMISTRYJohansen, Per Ove Supervisor: Professor Trygve FoosnæsImproved wear-properties for cathode materials in the aluminium industry Examiner: Dr.ing. Arne Petter Ratvik, Sintef Trondheim

Rørvik, Per Martin Ljønes Supervisor: Professor Mari-Ann EinarsrudSynthesis of nano-structured oxide materials with perovskite structures Examiner: Dr.ing. Kjersti Kleveland, Sintef Trondheim

››› ELECTROCHEMISTRYFoss, Martin Lervik Supervisor: Professor Kemal NisanciogluThe effect of scale inhibitors on the corrosion of carbon steel in Examiner: Dr.ing Hjalmar Sigurdsson, Sona high pH environment

Jacobsen, Ingar Supervisor: Professor Geir Martin HaarbergElectrode kinetics for DSA in chloride/sulphate solutions Examiner: Professor emeritus Jomar Thonstad

M.Sc. student John Arne Hermundstad running sodium expansion measurements.

M.Sc. student Eirik Rabbe Johnsen studying the reductibility of ilmenite pellets by thermogravimetric analysis.

GRADUATED M.Sc. STUDENTS ›››

GRADUATED M. Sc. STUDENTS

48

›››

Jensen, Morten Sundheim Supervisor: Professor Geir Martin HaarbergElectrodeposition of silicon from chloride melts Examiner: Dr.ing. Asbjørn Solheim, Sintef, Trondheim

Kvalheim, Eirin Supervisor: Professor Geir Martin HaarbergElectrodeposition of iron from molten salts Examiner: Professor emeritus Reidar Tunold

Kvande, Rannveig Supervisor: Professor Geir Martin HaarbergRecycling of dross in aluminium electrolysis Examiner: Dr.ing. Trond Eirik Jentoftsen, Norsk Hydro,

Årdal

Lervik, Ingrid Anne Supervisor: Associate Prof. Børre BørresenDevelopment of alkanline fuel cell system Examiner: Dr.ing. Egil Rasten, Norsk Hydro, Porsgrunn

Ofstad, Axel Baumann Supervisor: Associate Prof. Håvard KaroliussenDevelopment and assessment of an efficient and robust small PEM fuel Examiner: Dr.ing. Egil Rasten, Norsk Hydro, Porsgrunncell with high operation reliability

Vo, Cecilie My Supervisor: Professor Kemal NisanciogluEffect of heat treatment on electrochemical behaviour of AlPb model alloys Examiner: Dr.ing Hjalmar Sigurdsson, Son

M.Sc.STUDENTS ›››

49

››› K3

3rd year:Binai-Faal, NavidEikenes, Kim HaaveFestervoll, KnutGran, HåkonHermstad, AndreasHilden, ErikHaaland, Bjørnar ØvrumKarlsen, Rolf MagneKrog, KajaLerstad, Dag OlaLillevik, HåkonNguyen, Hue ThaiNygård, AneNygård, IdaRotan, MagnusReiskou, BeateSandbu, Paal HenrikSeim, StianSjølie, StianSyvertsen, Guttorm ErnstVan Vo, ThangWestermann, IdaWiig, KennethWåsjø, JohannaØstrem, Øyvind

4th year:Løken, SondreMikalsen, ChristianOpdahl, ChristianRese, HenrikSkjevrak, Sveinung

5th year:Bråten, Peter FossumBurheim, Odne StokkeFeltstykket, Elisabeth LundHelvik, Ivar AmundJohnsen, Eirik RabbeMørkrid, RandiNerli, Lars FarmenNordstrand, Erlend FjøsneSandberg, Håkon EdvardSelbach, SverreSkevik, HåkonSolheim, Hans JørgenTangen, Øyvind MoeWangensteen, Torgeir

››› K1

3rd year:Asbjørnsen, IngvildFalstad, MeretheFossan, Åse-LillHalvorsen, Magnus Torleif RuneHjertaker, VigdisKjos, SigmundLudvigsen, MarteRey, Simon SSkjeldestad, AslakStabell, Tone HansenSyre, Marie Vardenær

4th year:Boberg, LinnFrydenberg, ToneHals, StineHognes, Erik SkontorpIglebekk, EivindJahren, Hans MartinLjones, NinaMo, Torunn StubOwe, Lars-ErikPedersen, Anne MartheRannestad, Øyvind GustavSlåtten, SølviTennøe, AndreasYttervik, Stian HatlingØyen, AnneAaserud, Siw-Christin

5th year:Brynjulfsen, Synnøve IrenHermundstad, John ArneHuseland, KristinHaas, Ole-ErichKarlsen, CamillaLyngdal, ToneOkstad, TrineOsen, Karen SendeTranseth, Stine Sjøset

››› MIMT:

(Master Programme in MaterialsTechnology for Engineers)Helgetun, Brynjar HoffSolem, Ola

››› Master of Science Programme in Light Metal Production:

1st year: Adjaye-Mensah, Edward (Ghana)Adodo, Michael Ehichioya (Nigeria)Akthar, Shahid (Pakistan)Boateng, Abraham (Ghana)Hussain, Tajammul (Pakistan)Tettey, Anita Naa Nyerly (Ghana)

2nd year:Agyare-Asante, Samuel (Ghana)Bonsu, Richard Osei (Ghana)Chithambaranadhan, Dilip (India)Eticha, Gudina Andea (Ethiopia)Kazi, Saima Sultana (Bangladesh)Zhao, Dongju (China)

››› Foreign guest students at IMT:

Arvanitis, Dimitrios (Greece)Di Federico, Claudio (Italy)Dillien (Steven) BelgiumFerretti, Marco (Italy)Ghetti, Stefano (Italy)Griffini, Gianmarco (Italy)Göthel, Stefanie (Germany)Hildenbrand, Nicolas (France)Hlady, Michael (Canada)Kofina, Aikaterini-Kanella (Greece)Lioliou, Maria (Greece)Liu, Feng (China)Madaro, Francesco (Italy)Martin, Alice (France)Novak, Filip (Slovakia)Rittel, Wouter (Holland)Seibert, Tanja (Germany)Spinsanti, Mauro (Italy) von Krämer, Sophie (Sweden)Zadrozna, Magdalena (Poland)

M.Sc. Students

HONOURS, EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES, PARTICIPATION IN COURSES, CONFERENCES, LECTURES AND STUDY VISITS

50

›››

Honours,Extracurricular Activities

››› Lars ArnbergLars Arnberg is the Head of Department of Materials Technology. He is an Affiliate Professor at the Department of MechanicalEngineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA. Lars Arnberg isrepresenting NTNU on the Board of SINTEF Materials andChemistry and is the leader of the strategic university program LightMetals Technology. He has also, in 2004, served on a committee thathas made a roadmap of the future strategic research cooperationbetween NTNU, SINTEF and Hydro Aluminium.

Final meeting of EU project VIRCAST, Brussels, Belgium, Feb.18-20,2004.

Department of Casting of Metals, Royal Institute of Technology,Stockholm. Opponent on a doctoral dissertation, March 19, 2004.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, TU Bergakademie Freiberg,Germany. Opponent on a doctoral dissertation, April 2, 2004.

Spring Meeting and Symposium, Advanced Casting ResearchCenter, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, USA, May 25-26, 2004.

9th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys, BrisbaneAustralia. Invited presentation: "Imaging of Aluminium AlloySolidification by Synchrotron X Radiation", Aug. 2-5, 2004.

University of Padova, Vicenza, Italy, Sept. 13, 2004. Discussions onresearch cooperation.

University of Ancona, Italy, Sept. 16-17, 2004. Discussion on rese-arch cooperation and student exchange.

Chalmers University of Technology, Gøteborg, Sept. 24, 2004.Opponent on a doctoral dissertation.

Institut für Raumsimulation, DLR, Køln, Germany, Sept. 28, 2004.Kick-off meeting for project MONOPHAS.

RWTH Aachen, Germany, Nov. 2-3, 2004. Discussions on futureresearch cooperation on aluminium.

››› Jon Arne BakkenJon Arne Bakken is member of board at Icelandic-NorwegianResearch Cooperation (ISNOR). He is also member of board atElkem's Forskningsfond (Elkem Research Fund). He was a regularreferee 1998-2004 at Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics andassociate editor and referee at Journal of High Temp. MaterialProcesses.

INFACON-10, Cape Town, South Africa, Feb.1-4, 2004. Presentation:“Arc-Electrode Interactions in Silicon and Ferrosilicon Furnaces”.

Session chair.

Seminar on “Electric Melting Furnaces. Simplified Circuit Analysis“,Øye Smelteverk, Jan.15, 2004.

Int. Advisory Committee meeting, SINTEF SIP project “PlasmaProduction of Materials”, Trondheim, Jan. 8, 2004.

Norwegian Metallurgical Society Summer Meeting, Trondheim, May 5-6, 2004.

J.A. Bakken and T.A. Engh Symposium, Trondheim, May 6, 2004.

Project meeting, “ISNOR”, University of Iceland (HI), Reykjavik,Sept. 13-15, 2004.

››› Stein Trygve BriskebyKINCAT-seminar, Synthesis and Application of CarbonNanofibers/Nanotubes. NTNU, Trondheim, Oct. 27, 2004. Lecture on:"Applications of CNF/CNT in Fuel Cells".

Norwegian Hydrogen Seminar 2004, Kvitfjell, Norway, Nov 15-16,2004. Poster: "Carbon Nano Fibres as Support for Electrocatalysts".

››› Marisa Di Sabatino Visit at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, WPI, (6 months researchvisit, Jan.-July 2004) in Worcester, MA, USA.

››› Mari-Ann EinarsrudMari-Ann Einarsrud is a member of the board of the PROSBIO research program, The Research Council of Norway.

Project meeting, FUNMAT, Hell, Jan. 6-7, 2004. Presentations on:“Chemical Approach to Ferroelectrics” and “Project C2 Synthesisand Fabrication”.

Project meeting, EU project HILIT+, Trondheim, April 28-30, 2004.

Judge District Court, Oslo Tinghus, Oslo, June 28-30, 2004.

Energy Conference in Southern Norway, Lyngdal, June 25, 2004.

Meeting, Board meeting for research program PROSBIO, TheResearch Council of Norway, Langesund, Sept. 6-7, 2004.

Fourth International Conference on Inorganic Materials, Antwerp,Belgium, Sept 19-21, 2004. Poster presentation on: “FerroelasticProperties of Rhombohedral Perovskite Materials”.

Study visit to University of Rennes, Rennes, France, Sept. 22-23,

HONOURS, EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES, PARTICIPATION IN COURSES, CONFERENCES, LECTURES AND STUDY VISITS ›››

51

2004. Invited lecture on: “Preparation of Oxide Nanopowders byCombustion Method”.

Project meeting, FOET project, Oslo 4-5, 2004. Lecture on: “Ceramicand Wet Chemical Processing of Layered Structures”.

Project meeting, EU project HILIT+, Nice, France, Oct. 18-20, 2004.

First Symposium of Kyoto International Forum for Environment andEnergy, Kyoto, Nov. 15-17, 2004. Lecture on: “Functional OxideCeramics for Energy Technology”.

Study visit to Research Institute of Innovative Technology for theEarth, Kyoto, Japan, Nov. 18, 2004.

Meeting, Board meeting for the research program PROSBIO, TheResearch Council of Norway, Oslo, Dec. 13, 2004.

Miniseminar "Geminisenter Materialer og Energi: From powders tomaterials", NTNU, Dec. 16, 2004. Lecture on: "Framstilling og anven-delser av keramiske pulvere ved Institutt for materialteknologi,NTNU".

››› Thorvald Abel EnghNorwegian Metallurgical Society - Summer Meeting, May 5-6, 2004.

T.A. Engh and J.A. Bakken Symposium, Trondheim, May 6, 2004.Lecture on: "Recycling of Metals".

The 133rd Annual Meeting & Exhibition of The Minerals, Metals &Materials Society (TMS) Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, March 14-18, 2004. Lecture on: "Microscope Studies of Thermal Decoating ofAluminium Scrap".

››› Trygve FoosnæsDepartment Seminar, Baardshaug Herregård, Orkdal, Jan. 9, 2004,“MSc Light Metals Production”.

Seminar UBiT, Baardshaug Herregård, Orkdal, Jan. 13, 2004,“Bibliotektjenester – MSc Kjemi og Materialteknologi”.

The 133rd TMS annual meeting, Charlotte, NC, USA, March 14–19,2004.

Hydro Aluminium a.s, Oslo, March 30, 2004, Strategy Work, FutureCooperation NTNU/SINTEF - HAL.

Hydro Aluminium, a.s, Technology and Support, Årdal, May 4-5,2004. Research discussions.

Fundamentals of Aluminium Production, Trondheim, May 10–21,2004. Lectures on: “Fundamentals of Carbon”, “Raw Materials”,“Carbon Process”, “Anode Quality Characteristics”, “AnodePerformance in Reduction Cells”.

Hydro Aluminium a.s, Sunndalsøra, May 13, 2004. Excursion withparticipants in Fundamentals of Aluminium Production.

22nd International Course on Process Metallurgy of Aluminium,Trondheim, May 24–28, 2004. Lecture on: “Improvement of thePotroom Work Environment”.

Beijing, Shanghai, China, June 5–20, 2004, Excursion with 3rd yearchemistry students.

Hydro Aluminium, a.s, Technology and Support, Årdal, July 06, 2004.Research discussions.

Silicon for the Chemical Industry VII, Tromsø, Trondheim – Bergenwith “MS Trollfjord”, Sept. 20–24, 2004.

Hydro Aluminium a.s, Oslo, Nov. 15, 2004, strategy discussions.

››› Tor GrandeTor Grande is the Deputy Head of the department. He is the leader of Functional Materials within the strategic research area Materialsat NTNU and a board member of NTNU Nanolab. He is also thecoordinator of the scientific advisory committee of the Norwegianresearch alliance FUNMAT.

Chairman “FUNMAT Kick-off Meeting”, three nationally coordinatedprojects, Hell, Norway, Jan. 6-7, 2004. Introductory lecture and Keynote lecture on “Oxygen Permeable Membranes”.

FUNMAT scientific advisory committee and steering committeemeetings, Oslo and Trondheim, Jan. 5-7, Aug. 20, Aug. 30, Nov. 12and Dec. 13, 2004.

107th Annual Meeting & Exposition of The American CeramicSociety, Indianapolis, USA, April 18-21, 2004. Lecture on:"Desintering of Oxygen Permeable Membranes Due to PoreExpansion".

Visit to Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, USA, April 22,2004. Lecture on: "Stability of Oxygen Permeable Membranes –Redox Thermodynamics, Chemical Induced Stresses and KineticDemixing".

Graduating committee, University of Stockholm, Sweden, May 10-11, 2004.

Opening of the Center for Materials Science and Nanotechnology,University of Oslo, Oslo, June 2, 2004.

NANOMAT Conference, Soria Moria, Oslo, Norway, June 3-4, 2004.

Judge county court (Meddommer), Oslo Tinghus, Oslo, Norway,June 28-30, 2004.

4th international Conference in Inorganic Materials, Antwerp,Belgium, Sept. 19-21, 2004. Poster: "Ferroelastic Properties ofRhombohedral Perovskite Materials".

Visit to University of Rennes, France, Sept. 22-23, 2004. Lecture:"Materials in Chemical Potential Gradients".

Workshop FOET project Oslo, Oct. 3-4, 2004. Lecture on: "Materials in Chemical Potential Gradients".

Seminar at Department of Physics, NTNU, Oct. 15, 2004:"Materials in Chemical Potential Gradients".

Seminar at Group of Inorganic Chemistry, Nov. 2, 2004. Lecture:"Materials in Chemical Potential Gradients".

HONOURS, EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES, PARTICIPATION IN COURSES, CONFERENCES, LECTURES AND STUDY VISITS

52

›››

European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Dec. 3-6, 2004,Experiments on the Materials Science beam line, ID11.

››› Harald GörnerNorwegian Metallurgical Society- Summer Meeting, May 5-6, 2004,Trondheim, Norway. Lecture on: "Development of an AlF3 ActiveFilter for Aluminium Melts”.

››› Geir Martin Haarberg Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge,Cambridge, UK, sabbatical leave July 5 - Dec. 31, 2004.

EUCHEM Conference on Molten Salts, Piechowice, Poland, June20-25, 2004. Lecture on: "Electrodeposition of Iron from MoltenSalts".

Molten Salts Discussion Group 2004 Summer Research Meeting,Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, UK, July 21-22, 2004. Lecture on:"Electrochemical Behaviour of Dissolved Impurity Species inCryolite-alumina Melts."

Annual Conference Metallurgists of CIM, Hamilton, Canada, Aug.22-25, 2004. Lecture on: "The Electrochemical Behaviour ofPhosphorus Compounds in Cryolite-Alumina Melts and The Role ofPhosphorus during Electrowinning of Aluminium."

Electrochem 2004 Conference, Leicester, UK, Sept. 12 -15, 2004.Lecture on: "Sensors for Sodium in Liquid Aluminium duringElectrolysis in Fluoride Melts."

14th International Symposium on Molten Salts, 206th Meeting of The Electrochemical Society, Honolulu, HI, USA, Oct. 3 -8, 2004.Lecture on: "Electrochemical Behaviour of Dissolved Iron Species in Molten Salts."

Molten Salts Discussion Group 2004 Christmas Meeting, King'sCollege, London, UK, Dec. 20, 2004. Lecture on: "New Technologiesin Molten Salts."

››› Georg HagenMember of interim board of Center of Renewable EnergyNTNU/SINTEF (SFFE). Co-chairman of Opening Seminar SFFE, June 17-18, 2004.

NTNUs representative in the board of “Nordic PV”, the Nordic program on Solar Cells.

Participated in board meeting in “Nordic PV”, Copenhagen, April 27-29, 2004.

Participated in 19th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conferenceand Exhibition, Paris, France, June 7-11, 2004. Presentation: E. Olsen, K.S. Osen, A.M. Martinez, G.M. Haarberg and G. Hagen,"Electrodeposition of Silicon from a NaCl-CaCl2-CaO-SiO2 Melt".

››› Rune HalseidAwarded the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology price fordoctoral students 2004.

››› Fritz HelgemoVisit to Exhibition for lab. equipment, Lillestrøm, Sept. 14-15, 2004.

››› Jarle HjelenThe 13th European Microscopy Congress, Antwerp, Belgium, Aug.22-27, 2004. Poster presentations on: "Image Contrast in IlmeniteStudied by Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy", "EBSD- ASupplementary Technique in Automatic Characterisation ofGeological Samples with Chemically Similar Minerals", "SEM-EBSDCharacterisation of Abnormal Grain Growth in Friction Stir Welded2024 T351 Aluminium Alloy", "In-Situ EBSD-Analysis of AbnormalGrain Growth in Friction Stir Welded 7075 T6 Aluminium Alloy".

Carl Zeiss SMT, Oberkochen, Germany, LVFESEM discussions, Sept. 23-24, 2004.

SIMR, Stockholm, Sweden, EBSD meeting, Oct. 6, 2004.

International seminar on EBSD on Metals in Industrial Applications,Rånäs, Sweden, Nov. 24-25, 2004. Lecture on: "EBSD Combined withIn-Situ Experiments".

››› Sten Egil Johnsen"Water Electrolysis Seminar", Norsk Hydro, Porsgrunn, Norway, Feb.12, 2004. Lecture on: "Hydrogen Production Electrolysis”.

"Kyoto International Forum for Environment and Energy" (KIFEE),Kyoto, Japan, Nov. 17, 2004. Lecture on: "Electrocatalysts for WaterElectrolysis".

››› Lina JonassonSeminar for Department of Materials Science, Orkanger, Norway,Jan. 8-9, 2004.

Study visit to Cambridge, UK, Feb. 9-11, 2004.

EUCHEM Symposium of Molten salts, Piechowice, Poland, June 20-25, 2004. Poster presentation "Carbon Nanostructures inCryolitic Melts" .

Annual CarboMat meeting, Trondheim, Aug. 31 - Sept. 1, 2004.Lecture on: "Carbon Nanostructures in Cryolitic Melts".

Seminar/course in Statistics, Fosen, Sept. 7-8, 2004.

Study visit and meeting with Søral, Husnes and Hydro, Porsgrunn,Oct. 25-29, 2004. Lecture on: "Cathode Structure and Cathode Wearin Aluminium Electrolysis Cells".

››› Halvor KvandeThe 133rd Annual Meeting & Exhibition of The Minerals, Metals &Materials Society (TMS), Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, March 14-18, 2004.

Fundamentals of Aluminium Production, Trondheim, May 10–21,2004. Lectures on: "The Industrial Hall -Heroult Process", "HeatBalance in Aluminium Electrolysis Cell", "Bath Chemistry and CellPerformance", "Current Efficiency".

HONOURS, EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES, PARTICIPATION IN COURSES, CONFERENCES, LECTURES AND STUDY VISITS ›››

53

22nd International Course on Process Metallurgy of Aluminium,Trondheim, May 24–28, 2004. Lecture on: “Electrolyte Compositionsfor Aluminium Production - Options and Desirable Properties”.

››› Anne KvithyldNorwegian Metallurgical Society- Summer Meeting, May 5-6, 2004.

T.A. Engh and J.A. Bakken Symposium, Trondheim, May 6, 2004.Lecture on: "Studies of Thermal Decoating of Aluminium Scrap".

The 133rd Annual Meeting & Exhibition of The Minerals, Metals &Materials Society (TMS), Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, March 14-18, 2004. Lecture on: "Microscope Studies of Thermal Decoating ofAluminium Scrap".

››› Hilde Lea LeinResearch stay at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,Tennessee, USA, March 9 - July 1, 2004.

106th Annual Meeting & Exposition of the American CeramicSociety, April 18-21, 2004, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. Poster presentation on: "Oxygen Non-Stoichiometry, Thermal and ChemicalExpansion of La0.5Sr0.5Fe1-xCoxO3-δ (0<x<1) Materials".

4th International Conference on Inorganic Materials, Antwerp,Belgium, Sept. 19-21, 2004. Poster presentation on: "FerroelasticProperties of Rhombohedral Perovskite Materials".

››› Tor LindstadCourse in Coal Petrology , NTNU, Trondheim by Professor NorbertVolkmann, Technical University (Bergakademie) Freiberg, Germany,March 16-24, 2004. Volkmann brought with him instruments andmicroscopes for characterization of coal and coke. Course organizer.

Visit to TU-Freiberg in June for cooperation with professorVolkmann on characterization of carbon materials.

Meeting at SFT, Oslo in September on Greenhouse Gas resulting inproject reported by: Tor Lindstad, Sverre Olsen and Tor Færden(SFT), “Draft chapter Ferroalloys for 2006 Guidelines for GreenhouseGas Inventory Preparation”, for WMO, UNEP IntergovernmentalPanel on Climate Change.

Visit to Tinfos Jernverk AS, Kvinesdal and Eramet Norway, Saudawith Prof. Merete Tangstad and 3 PhD-students in CarboMat tostudy the smelting plants and discuss research.

››› Otto LohneSummer Meeting "Norsk Metallurgisk Selskap", Trondheim, May 5-6, 2004.

19th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition,Paris, France, June 7-11, 2004.

Renewable Energy Corporation, Høvik. June 30, 2004. Silicon forSolar Cells. Project meeting.

Norsk Hydro, Porsgrunn. July 1, 2004. High Pressure Die Casting.Project meeting

Seminar on Solar Cells, "Norsk Metallurgisk selskap", Oslo, Nov. 11, 2004. Lecture on: ”Education and Research at NTNU”.

International High Pressure Die Casting seminar, Trondheim Nov. 30 – Dec. 1, 2004. Organizer.

››› Knut MarthinsenKnut Marthinsen is a member of the Department Board for theDepartment of Materials Technology. He is a deputy to the FacultyBoard at the Faculty of Natural Science and Technology and is amember of the International Committee for the Joint InternationalConferences on Recrystallization and Grain Growth.

Knut Marthinsen is chairman of the Steering Committee for theNorlight project “Heat Treatment Fundamentals”.

End-term project meeting of the EU-project VIRFAB, Brussels,Belgium, Feb. 16-17, 2004.

Vir[*] conference, Brussels, Belgium, Feb. 18-19, 2004. Lecture on:"Modelling the Evolution of Microstructure and MechanicalProperties during Processing of AA3103.

9th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys, Brisbane,Australia, Aug. 2-5, 2004. Lectures on: “Modelling theMicrostructural Evolution during Hot Rolling and Subsequent ColdRolling and Annealing of an AA3103 Alloy” and “The Effect ofConcurrent Precipitation on the Recrystallization Texture of anAlMn-alloy”.

Second Joint International Conference on Recrystallization andGrain Growth, ReX & GG2, Annecy, France, Aug. 30 – Sept. 3, 2004.Lectures on: “The Correlation Theory of 2D Normal Grain Growth”and “Modelling the Softening Behaviour of Commercial AlMn-Alloys”.

Conference on Light Metals, Sunndalsøra, Oct. 13-14, 2004. Lecture on: ”Grunnleggende forhold ved termomekanisk prosessering av aluminium”.

VIRFAB training session at Institut fur Metallkunde und MetallPhyzik, RWTH, Aachen, Germany, Nov. 8-10, 2004.

MSc Thesis examination. Dept. of Physics, University of Oslo. Nov. 15, 2004.

››› Ana Maria Martinez5th Nordic-Baltic Scanning Probe Microscopy Workshop, June 16-19, 2004, Trondheim, Norway.

››› Kemal NisanciogluVarious meetings, NorLight Program, Light Metal Surface ScienceResearch Project:

– Annual project conference, Trondheim, Jan. 21, 2004, presentation: "Evolution of Methodologies and Perspective in Aluminium Surface Science".

– Resource Group meetings: Oct. 20 (Trondheim) and Dec 14, 2004 (Tønsberg)

– Technical meetings and seminars: Oct. 19 (Trondheim) and Dec. 18, 2004 (Oslo)

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– Miniseminar on Coatings for Corrosion Protection, NTNU, Oct. 25, 2004, lecture on: "Filiform Corrosion and Activation of Rolled Aluminum."

Rune Halseid's PhD defense committee, April 30, 2004.

13th Nordic Corrosion Conference (NKM13), Iceland, April 18-20,2004. Norwegian member of organizing committee and participant.Coauthor of papers "Spectroscopic and ElectrochemicalCharacterisation of Aluminium Surfaces Covered with an AdhesiveOrganic Thin Layer," "Factors Affecting Bond Durability andAdhesion between Organic Coating and Surface Oxide onAluminium," "Intergranular Corrosion of Extruded AA6000-SeriesModel Alloys," "Characterization of Lead Enrichment onElectrochemically Activated Binary Al-Pb Model Alloy".

Member organizing committee, International Conference onEnvironmental Friendly Pre-treatments for Aluminium and otherMetals (ICEPAM), Oslo, June 17-18, 2004.

Visit to Departments of Chemistry and Metallurgical Engineering,Technical University of Istanbul, Turkey, June 22-23, 2004.

Gordon Research Conference on Aqueous Corrosion, New London,NH, USA, July 26-30, 2004.

Participation in 9th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys,Brisbane, Australia, Aug. 6-9, 2004, coauthor of papers,"Characterization of Lead Enrichment on ElectrochemicallyActivated Binary Al-Pb Model Alloy," and "Intergranular Corrosionof Extruded AA6000-Series Model Alloys."

Visit, project meeting, Det norske Veritas, Bergen, Aug. 26, 2004.

Visit Laboratoire d'Énergétique Industrielle, École PolytechniqueFédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland, Sept. 10, 2004.

EUROCORR2004, Nice, France, Sept. 12-15, 2004, Keynote paper:"Corrosion and Protection of Aluminum Alloys in Seawater".

Invited visit to Pechiney Voreppe Research Center, Sept. 16, 2004.Seminars entitled, “Filiform Corrosion of Rolled Aluminium,“ “Effect of Low Melting Point Trace Element Segregation onElectrochemical Properties of Aluminum Alloys".

55th Annual Meeting of International Society of Electrochemistry,Thessaloniki, Greece, Sept. 19-24, 2004. Coauthor of paper”Effect of Low Melting Point Trace Element Segregation onElectrochemical Properties of Aluminum Alloys.”

Seminar, FUNMAT Project Functional Oxides for EnergyApplications (FOET), Oct. 4-5, 2004, coauthor of presentation:"Oxygen Surface Exchange in Mixed Conductors. Mechanisms andMethodology."

Kari Aarstad's PhD defense committee, Oct. 28, 2004.

Board member "Student prize for outstanding work on ecologicalaspects of materials technology at NTNU" (”Bardal Fund”).

Invited visit Department of Electrochemistry and Materials Science,Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Nov. 17-18, 2004. Seminar entitled,“Effect of low melting point trace element segregation on electro-

chemical properties of aluminum alloys.”

Examiner, Martin Jönsson's Lic. tech. seminar, Royal Institute ofTechnology, Stockholm, Dec. 15, 2004.

››› Silje RodahlLMSS (Light Metal Surface Science) annual meeting, Jan. 22-23,2004, Trondheim, Norway.

Scandinavian Corrosion Congress (NKM) 13, Reykjavik, Iceland,April 18-20, 2004,

ICEPAM 2004 (International Conference on Environmental FriendlyPre-treatment for Aluminium and other Metals), June 16-18, 2004,Oslo, Norway.

Advances in Corrosion Protection by Organic Coatings, Sept. 20-24,2004, Cambridge, Great Britain.

››› Hans Jørgen Roven Professor Hans Jørgen Roven is responsible for the MTS mechani-cal test laboratory and the forming laboratory (FORMLAB) at theDepartment of Materials Technology. He is member of the Group ofLeaders for Materials at NTNU with a special responsibility for aCentral European country research council. He is also in charge ofthe research group emphasizing Direct Nanostructuring Metals bySevere Plastic Deformation (NANO-SPD) at NTNU. Roven also ser-ves as a NTNU representative of the Executive CoordinationCommittee for the Michigan Tech/NTNU/Hydro Partnership.

Core Team Member for the EU FP6 application STREP- SPROLA(Severe Plastic Deformation Processing of Light Alloys), Proposal#516847, 2004.

Department responsible for the Norwegian Research Council (NFR)Evaluation of Engineering Sciences in Norway, InternationalCommittee Hearing Meeting, Feb. 2004.

ESAFORM Short-Course on Modeling and Simulation of FlowLocalization in Materials Processing, Trondheim, April 27-30, 2004.Invited lecture: “Physical Mechanisms and Observations of FlowLocalization”.

Nanotechnology Internal Seminar Series, Department of MaterialsTechnology, June 17, 2004. Lecture: “Nanotechnology –Is ThereSpace in the Depth for Modern Physical Metallurgy Nano-racingtowards the Bottom?”

The NANOMAT Conference 2004, Oslo June 3-4, 2004. Poster:"Conventional Light Alloys towards the Bottom – a PhysicalMetallurgical Approach".

TMS Annual Meeting, Charlotte, South Carolina, March 14-18, 2004.Invited Lecture: “Measuring 3D Strains in Equal Channel AngularPressing”.

The “Dave Embury Internal Seminar Series”, Department ofMaterials Technology, Oct. 28, 2004. Lecture; “E.C.A.P.”

Internal Seminar on NANO-SPD, Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai, China, Oct. 16, 2004. Lecture: “A Presentation of Current

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SPD Activities at the Norwegian University of Science andTechnology”.

Guest Seremony with Vice- President Prof. Ding, Shanghai JiaotongUniversity, Shanghai, China, Oct. 15, 2004.

Member of the Multi-faculty Research Program “Globalization”,Collaboration with Norwegian Industries in China including SiteStudies in China, 2004.

Seminar with the Innovation Section, Norwegian Research Council,Trondheim, Nov. 16, 2004. Lecture: “The Department of MaterialsTechnology - Physical Metallurgy”.

››› Espen RudbergFUNMAT Conference 2004, Hell, Trondheim, Jan. 6-7, 2004.

Research stay at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,Faculté Sciences et Techniques de l’ingénieur, Laboratorie d’éner-gétique industrielle (LENI), Switzerland, Jun. 15 – Aug. 15, 2004.

FUNMAT workshop, SINTEF, Oslo, Oct. 4-5, 2004. Lecture on:“Measurements of Transport- and Surface Exchange Coefficients inLa1-X SrX Co O3-δ.”

››› Espen SandnesThe 20th Euchem-Conference on Molten Salts, Piechowice, Poland,June 20-25, 2004. Lecture: "The Anode Process on Carbon in MixedOxide-Chloride Melts".

PhD course on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, arrangedat NTNU, Oct. 2004. Lecturer: Prof. David Harrington, Univ. of Victoria, BC, Canada.

Study visit to Univ. of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland, Dec. 8-22, 2004.Discussions with Prof. Adolf Kisza on Electrochemical ImpedanceSpectroscopy in molten salts.

››› Jan Ketil SolbergEUROCORR 2004, Long Term Prediction & Modelling of Corrosion,Nice, France, Sept.12-16, 2004. Lecture on: "Investigation of thePrecipitation Mechanism in HAZ of Supermartensitic StainlessSteels. Two-pass Weld Simulation".

EVU-course: "Lysmikroskopi", Aug. 30 - Sept. 3 and Oct. 4 - 8, 2004.Lecturer.

››› Reidar Tunold Leader of interim board of a new Centre of Renewable Energy atNTNU/SINTEF (SFFE). Part of Strategic Area at NTNU: Energy andPetroleum-Resources and Environment (EP-RM). Chairman of a twodays opening seminar of this Centre, June 17-18, 2004, with 120 participants and 25 international and national speakers. (See: Guestlecturers).

“Kick off meeting” for “FURIM” project IP EU 6th FW, arr. DTU,Skodsborg, Copenhagen, Denmark, May 3-4, 2004.

The Energy Conference in Southern Norway; June 25, 2004. Lecture

on: “Hydrogen by Renewable Energy for Low Temperature FuelCells”.

As leader of interim board of SFFE: member of leader group of EP-RM. Participated in Board meetings of EP-RM, June 16 and Dec. 9, 2004.

Leader Group Planning seminar for EP-RM with NTNUs Rector, Rica Hell, Aug. 9-10, 2004.

Conclusive meeting “AMFC” project IP EU 5th FW, arr. Volvo, VolvoTecnikpark, Gothenburg, Sweden, Aug. 30-31, 2004.

55th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electro-chemistry, Thessaloniki, Greece, Sept. 19-24, 2004. Lectureon:“Oxygen Reduction on Platinum in the Presence of Ammonium”.

Visit to University of Patras and FORTH-ICE/HT, Sept. 25-28, 2004 to discuss EU-STREP proposal 6th FW on: “Renewable HydrogenGeneration Based on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolysers”,after ISE-Thessaloniki Meeting. Discussions with Dr. S.Neophytides, Prof. M. Jaksic and Prof. C.Vayenas. Proposal submitted Dec. 2004.

Arranged, together with Frode Seland, extracurricular PhD courseon “Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy” with 26 students.Teacher: Prof. David Harrington, Univ. Victoria, BC, Canada, during a three weeks stay at NTNU, Oct. 2004.

Seminar in Memory of Dr. Bo Håkanson, KTH Stockholm, Nov. 18-19, 2004. Lecture on: ”Electrocatalysis Research at NTNU”.

Seminar: “Næringsutvikling med ny teknologi”, Oslo ConferenceCentre, Dec. 2-3, 2004, arr. Kan Energi,

››› Andreas WestermoenPresentation “Gas Flow in the PPM Reactor” at Int. AdvisoryCommittee meeting, SINTEF SIP project “Plasma Production ofMaterials”, Trondheim, Jan. 8, 2004.

Norwegian Metallurgical Society Summer Meeting, Trondheim, May5-6, 2004. Presentation: “Simulering av Strømning i enPlasmareaktor”.

J.A. Bakken and T.A. Engh Symposium, Trondheim, May 6, 2004.

Project meeting, “ISNOR”, University of Iceland (HI), Reykjavik,Sept. 13-15, 2004.

››› Helge Weydahl9th Ulm ElectroChemical Talks, Neu-Ulm, Germany, May 17-18, 2004.Poster on: "Modelling and Experimental Study of the TransientResponse of Fuel Cells".

2004 Joint International Meeting of The Electrochemical Society,Honolulu, USA, Oct. 3-8, 2004. Lecture on: "Transient Response of aProton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell".

2004 Fuel Cell Seminar, San Antonio, USA, Nov. 1-5, 2004. Poster on:"Fundamental Studies of the Dynamic Behaviour of an Alkaline Fuel Cell".

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Norwegian Hydrogen Seminar 2004, Kvitfjell, Norway, Nov. 15-16,2004. Lecture on: "Dynamic Behaviour of Fuel Cells".

››› Kjell WiikKick off meeting FUNMAT-projects, Jan. 6-7, 2004. Lectures on:”Cation Transport in La1-xSrxFeO3 (x=0 and 0.1) Measured by SIMS”and ”Spray Pyrolysis”.

Seminar at Department of Materials Technology, BårdshaugHerregård, Orkanger, Norway. Jan. 8-9, 2004. Topic: Teaching activities at Department of Materials Technology. Member organizing committee.

Workshop: Mobility programme for research collaboration betweenFrance and Norway, NTNU, Trondheim, June 11, 2004. Lecture on:”Oxygen Surface Exchange in Perovskites”.

Egil Haanæs seminar on Thermal Analysis, NTNU, Trondheim, June 24, 2004. Invited lecture on: ”The Significance of OxygenStoichiometry in Mixed Conductors with Perovskite RelatedStructure”.

FUNMAT-subproject meeting, Functional Oxides for EnergyTechnology (FOET). SINTEF, Oslo, Oct. 4-5, 2004. Lecture on:”Oxygen Surface Exchange in Mixed Conductors. Mechanisms andMethodology”.

Miniseminar GEMINISENTER Materialer og Energi: ”From powdersto materials”, NTNU, Dec. 16, 2004. Lecture on: ”The Production ofCeramic Powders by Spray Pyrolysis. Principles and Experiences”.In Norwegian.

››› Terje ØstvoldProfessor Terje Østvold is a member of the SINTEF board. Boardmeetings 2004: March 24 in Oslo, April 21 in Trondheim, May 26-27on “Midnattsol” Trondheim to Bergen, August 16 with board members from the NTNU and SINTEF boards at Stjørdal, Sept. 2 inTrondheim, a series of meetings connected with employing newManaging Dir. for SINTEF; Sept. 8, 28, 29 and Oct. 6, Dec. 7, 2004 inTrondheim. He is a member of the SINTEF advisory board. Boardmeetings were held in Trondheim April 21 and Dec. 8, 2004.

Terje Østvold is a member of the Ownership Board of PCCP. Onemeeting was held in Poland, May 23-25, 2004.

Project and board meetings related to "Sand Stabilisation andWater Proofing of Tunnels". This project is operated by the spin-offcompany Impermeable AS. T. Østvold was head of the board untilMay 6, 2004.

Project meetings: Jan. 2, May 14, Aug. 27 and Dec. 22, 2004 withRadcon Scandinavia in Oslo, General assembly May 6,Entreprenørservice Aug. 13 and Veivesenet, Oct. 13, Board meeting(phone), Nov. 3, 2004.

MEGScale presentation, Aker Kværner, Oslo, March 3, 2004.

University of Tromsø, Tromsø, March 4-7, 2004. Study visit.

15th International Oil Field Chemistry Symposium, Geilo, March 23-26, 2004. Member of committee and session Chairman. Lectures:

1. "Kinetics of Calcium Carbonate Precipitation from Oil Field Waters. The Influence of Super Saturation, Specific Ion Concentration and Temperature. A model for prediction of the metastable range of dissolved CaCO3."

2. "Mass Transfer of H2O between Hydrocarbons and Water: Implications for oilfield water sample quality."

3. "Prediction of Mineral Scale Deposition during Multiphase Transport in Cold Pipelines. The effect of MEG on pH and mineral solubility."

Terje Østvold is a member of the FUNMAT board. Meetings StjørdalJan. 5 and in Oslo Feb. 11, 2004.

Project meetings at IFE with STATOIL and Hydro on the "Snøhvit"project, Kjeller, Feb. 3, May 4 and Oct. 19, 2004.

Visit at SØRCO in Stavanger, May 14, 2004 to present sand stabilisation technology.

Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, May 24, 2004. Mineralscaling mechanisms.

Study visit to ICE/HT-FORTH, Patras, Greece May 28-July 8, 2004.

Meeting with IFE, Kjeller, Aug. 13, 2004 to prepare KMB application.

Participation in conference and exhibition on Flow Assurance,Houston, Texas, USA. Sept. 18-25, 2004. Meetings with oil industry.Presentations: "Scale and Mineral Precipitation. A Costly andDifficult Problem for the Oil Industry. How Can the Problem Be Dealt with?"

Terje Østvold is a member of the TEKNA Oil field chemistry sympo-sium board. Meetings in Oslo, Oct. 19, 2004.

Course in Mineral Scale/consulting. Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro,Brazil, Nov. 5-13, 2004. Paper: "Calcium Carbonate Scale Formationin the Near Well Bore Area. How to Predict when it Occurs".

Instituto Argentino del Petroleo y del Gas, Buenos Aires, Argentine,Nov. 22, 2004. Paper: "Scale and Mineral Precipitation. A Costly andDifficult Problem for the Oil Industry. How Can the Problem Be Dealtwith?"

››› Harald A. ØyeHarald A. Øye is head of the newly formed technical ISO TC 226(Materials for the Aluminium Industry). It is an outgrowth of theformer subcommittee ISO TC 47 / SC7. He is a board member of

Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Trondheim. He is alsoa member of the International Association for Transport Properties.Harald A. Øye was awarded the Gunnerus Medal by The RoyalNorwegian Society of Science and Letters for his “Extensive andoutstanding scientific activities of high international standard comb-ined with numerous and valuable contributions to institutional deve-lopments as well as meritorious contributions to promotion of theSociety”.

The VII International Conference on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts,Cape Town, Republic of South Africa, Jan. 25 – 28, 2004. Lecture on“Chemical and Physical Changes of Cathode Carbon by AluminiumElectrolysis”.

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Bayside Aluminium, Richards Bay, Republic of South Africa, Feb. 9 - 10, 2004. Discussion of Cathode Status.

The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters, Trondheim,Norway, Feb. 26, 2004. Awarded the Gunnerus Medal.

The Norwegian Academy of Technical Sciences, Oslo, Norway,March 4, 2004, Industry Council meeting.

Hydro Aluminium Metal Products, Oslo, Norway, March 5, 2004,Research program discussions.

The 133rd TMS Annual Meeting, Charlotte, NC, USA, March 14 – 18,2004. Lecture on: “3 – D Modelling of Thermal and SodiumExpansion in Søderberg Aluminium Reduction Cells”.

The Norwegian Chemical Society, Oslo, Norway, March 26, 2004.Council meeting.

The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Oslo, Norway,April 15, 2004. Commemorative speech “Kai Grjotheim 1919 – 2003”.

University of Oslo, Department of Chemistry, Oslo, Norway, April 30, 2004. Opponent doctoral thesis of Jan Ove Odden, “From Monosilane to Crystalline Silicon”.

Norwegian Metallurgical Society. Summer meeting Trondheim,Norway, May 5 – 8, 2004.

Fundamentals of Aluminium Production 2004, Trondheim, Norway,May 10 -21, 2004. Chairman.

The 23rd International Course on Process Metallurgy of Aluminium,

Trondheim, Norway, May 24 – 28, 2004. Chairman and lectures on“The Principles of Aluminium Electrolysis” and “How to ObtainLong-Lived Cathodes”.

EUCHEM 2004 Molten Salt Conference, Piechowice, Poland, June20 – 25, 2004. Session chairman and lecture on “Cathode MaterialChanges during Aluminium Electrolysis”.

International Association for Transport Properties, Pau, France, July 2 – 4, 2004.

ALCOA, Pocos de Caldos, Brazil, Aug. 23 – 27, 2004. Cell Autopsy.

Standard Norway, Oslo, Norway, Sept. 16, 2004. Planning of nextISO TC 226 meeting.

Silicon for the Chemical Industry VII, Tromsø, Trondheim – Bergenwith “MS Trollfjord”, Sept. 20 – 24, 2004. Chairman.

The Electrochemical Society, 14th Molten Salt Symposium,Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, Oct. 4 – 8, 2004. Lecture on “Behaviour ofTiB2 – coating on Graphitized Carbon Cathodes during LaboratoryAluminium Electrolysis”.

Museum excursion, Imperial War Museum North, Manchester,Museum of London, University College, Archaeology Dept. London,National History Museum, London, The Science Museum, London,Nov. 24-26, 2004. Strategy planning for Museum of Nature, Historyand Archaeology, Trondheim.

Molten Salt Discussion Group, London, U.K., Dec. 20, 2004. Lectureon: "TiB2-coating on Graphitized Carbon Cathodes".

Prize winners at The Royal Norwegian Society of Science and Letters. From left: Dr.Art. Anne Beate Maurseth and Dr.Scient.Bård Gunnar Stokka, Prize for younger researchers; Professor Harald A. Øye, The Gunnerus Medal; Johan Anton Wikander,Commerative Gold Medal; Karsten Jakobsen, Preces.

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››› Torjus ÅkreFalconbridge Nikkelverk, Kristiansand, Norway, Jan.-Dec. 2004.Commissioning and operation of an electrowinning pilot plant. Pilot scale tests on the electrowinning of cobalt.

NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, Jan. 5-9, Feb. 27-Mar. 1, Apr. 15-16, June 1-4, 2004. Project discussions and guidance of the diplomawork “Elektrodekinetikk for DSA i klorid/sulfatelektrolytter” by IngarJacobsen.

Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland, Jan. 26-27, 2004.Lecture on: “Deposition of Higher Cobalt Oxides on DSA in CobaltElectrowinning: Status and Results, July to December 2003”. Projectmeeting.

Plant visit at Metallo-Chimique, Beerse, Belgium, Feb. 12, 2004.

Falconbridge Nikkelverk, Kristiansand, Norway, May 6-7, 2004.Lecture on: “Planned Co-EW Pilot Plant Activities”. Project meeting.

“4th Kurt Schwabe Corrosion Symposium”, Helsinki University ofTechnology, Espoo, Finland, June 13-17, 2004. Lecture and paper on:“Anodic Precipitation of Cobaltic Oxide in Cobalt Electrowinning”.

Orkanger, Norway, July 1-2, 2004. Lecture on: “CobaltElectrowinning: Deposition of Cobaltic Oxide on DSA: Status (and Results), January to June 2004”.Project meeting.

Guided tour at Noranda Canadian Copper Refiners, Montreal,Canada, Oct. 1, 2004.

“2004 Joint International Meeting”, The Electrochemical Society,Honolulu, USA, Oct. 3-8, 2004. Lecture and paper on: “The AnodeProcess in Cobalt Electrowinning”.

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Notes:

NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) in Trondheim is a national centre for technological education and research founded on knowledge within the natural sciences. The university also has broadly based expertise in the classic university disciplines and academic eminence in the social sciences and the humanities.

NTNU has an enrollment of 20 000 students and a staff of 3300, of which one-third have permanent research appointments. The university awarded 2250 master’s and professional degrees in 2003. One-third of these degrees were awarded to women. Seventy percent of NTNU ‘s degrees are in technology. The university’s annual budget was NOK 2.8 billion.

Postal address:Department of Materials TechnologyNorwegian University of Science and Technology7491 Trondheim - Norway