department of human anatomy the urinary system the state medical and pharmaceutical university...
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Department of Human Anatomy
The Urinary System
The State Medical and Pharmaceutical University “Nicolae Testemitanu”Republic of Moldova
Lecturer Globa Lilian
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Uro-genital Apparatus
Urinary Systemfor secretion and
discharge of the urine
Genital Systemconcerned with process of
reproduction
Have common sources and ways of the development, topographic sites, blood and nerve supply
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Overview of the Urinary System
4 components
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Functions Controlling the water and electrolyte balance,
maintain the acid-base balance Regulates blood concentrations of sodium,
potassium, chloride and calcium Regulates blood volume and blood pressure Production of urine- waste products (urea and
uric acid) Reabsorb important nutrients from urine Endocrine (rennin, angiotensin, erythropoietin)
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Anatomy
1. Kidney
Each kidney is about:
Length 11.25 cm
Breadth 5-7.5 cm
Width 2.5 cm
The weight:
Male 125-175 g
Female 115-155 g
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Anatomy
2. Ureter* Connects
kidney to
urinary
bladder
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Anatomy
3. Urinary
bladder
* Stores
urine
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Anatomy
4. Urethra
* Drains
urine from
bladder
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Coverings of the Kidneys
The kidneys have the following coverings:
Fibrous capsule Perirenal fat Renal fascia with
anterior and posterior layers
Pararenal fat
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Fixation of the Kidneys
The elements that held kidneys in position:
Peri- and para renal fat Renal fascia with anterior and posterior layers Vascular pedicle Intrabdominal pressure
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Anatomy of the Kidney
Outer cortexInner medulla
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MedullaMedulla dividedinto pyramids and columa renalis
One pyramid with corresponding cortex form renal lobe
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CortexCortex divided
into pars convoluta and pars radiata
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Calyx
One minorcalyx per pyramid
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Minor Calyx
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Major Calyx
Fusion of severalminor calyces
Usually 2-3major calycesper kidney
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Fornical Apparatus
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Renal Pelvis
Fusion of major calyces
Opening to theureter
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Human Kidney
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Urogram
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The Nephron
Basic structural and functional unit of kidney
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The Nephron
Filtration of blood Production of urine 1,25 million per kidney 85 miles of tubes per kidney
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Components of Nephron
1. Renal corpuscle:a. Glomerulus – a net-work of convoluted capillaries
b. Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule – a hollow chamber surrounding the glomerulus
2. Proximal convoluted tubule
3. Loop of Henle (descending and ascending limbs)
4. Distal convoluted tubule
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The Nephron
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The Nephron
Epithelia filterthe urine
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Glomerulus
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Glomerulus and Capsule
afferent arteriole
efferent arteriole
urine
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Proximal Convoluted Tubule
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Loop of Henle
only part foundin medulla
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The Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
afferent arteriole
efferent arteriole
urine
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Distal Convoluted Tubule
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Collecting (Straight) Duct
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Collecting Duct
Not part of nephron Collects urine from distal convoluted tubules
of many nephrons Opens at tip of pyramid Urine drains into minor calyx
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Collecting Duct
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Important Relations, Right KidneyAnteriorly:
the suprarenal gland, the liver, the descended part of the duodenum, coils of jejunum, the right colic flexure.
Posteriorly: the diaphragm, the XII-rib, the psoas, quadratus lumborum, and transversus
abdominis muscles (the renal lodge) the costodiaphragmal recess of pleura, the subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
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Important Relations, Left KidneyAnteriorly:
the suprarenal gland, the spleen, the stomach, the pancreas, coils of jejunum, the left colic flexure.
Posteriorly: the diaphragm, the XI-XII rib, the psoas, quadratus lumborum, and transversus
abdominis muscles (the renal lodge) the costodiaphragmal recess of pleura, the subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
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Anterior Relation of both Kidneys
1 – area hepatica;
2 – area colica;
3 – area jejunalis;
4 – area duodenalis;
5 – glandulae suprarenales;
6 – aa. renales;
7 – vv. renales;
8 – area gastrica;
9– area lienalis;
10 – area pancreatica;
11– area colica.
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Ureter
Drains urine from kidney to urinary bladderLength 25-30 cm
Four parts:
1. Abdominal
2. Pelvic
3. Intramural
4. Intravesical
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Ureter
Three constrictions:
1. Ureteropelvic
2. Iliac
3. Ureterovesical
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Urinary Bladder
ureter opensinto posteriorwall ofbladder
Surfaces:*Posterior (fundus or base)*Anterior (contacts with pubic symphysis and retropubic space of Retzius )*Superior (covered by peritoneum)Apex continues with median umbilical ligamentNeck contains internal urethral sphincter
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External urethral
Sphincter
Internal urethral
Sphincter
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Urinary Bladder -- Male
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Urinary Bladder -- Female
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Development of the kidney
Ureteric Bud• Ureter• Pelvis • Major Calyces• Minor Calyces• Collecting Tubules
Metanephrogenic Cup• Glomerular capsule (covers a cluster
of capillaries - Glomerulus )• Proximal• Loops of Henle• Distal convoluted tubules
Three sets of structures appear during the development of the urinary system:
1. Pronephros2. Mesonephros (Mǖllerian Duct)3. Metanephros (responsible for permanent kidney)
arise from two sources:
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Abnormalities
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VVĂ MULȚUMESC PENTRU Ă MULȚUMESC PENTRU ATENȚIE!ATENȚIE!