Department of Homeland Security

(DHS) GPS Interference

Detection and Mitigation (IDM)

John MerrillDHS GIS Program Manager

Office of Applied Technology Geospatial Management Office

Topics of Discussion

• DHS IDM Mandates

• Threats to Critical Infrastructure (CI)/Key Resources (KR) Relying on GPS

• Threat Assessment & Operations Plan

• Incident Response

• Mitigation & Detection

• Central Data Repository

• PNT Interference System Capability

DHS IDM Mandates• Coordinate domestic capabilities to identify, analyze,

locate, attribute, & mitigate sources of interference to

the GPS & its augmentations.

• Develop & maintain capabilities, procedures &

techniques, & routinely exercise civil contingency

responses to ensure continuity of operations in the

event that access to GPS signal is disrupted or denied.

• Collect, analyze, store, & disseminate interference

reports from all sources to enable appropriate

investigation, notification & enforcement action.

GPS Supporting Power Grid Systems

Power Grids

Substations

WirelessInternet

Stock Exchanges

Banks/ Nodes

GPS Supporting Transportation Systems

GPS Supporting Banking Operations

Internet Banking

ATM Networks

C2 Centers

Rail YardsSwitching Towers

& Signals

AccessGIS / Map

Energy Plants

GPS

Extent of GPS Dependencies

GPS Time GPS Time

Air Traffic Control

GPS Tim

e &

Position

Ship Routing

GPS Time &

Position

Relay PositionTo 911 Dispatch

CommsNetworks

GPS Supporting Communications Systems

Preparedness Activities• DOT-DOD Information Dissemination &

Coordination Team (IDCT) sponsored a

Command Post Exercise on February 19, 2009 to

fulfill:

– Space-Based PNT Policy goals

– DHS Interference Detection and Mitigation (IDM) Plan

objectives

– National Security Council – Chartered Purposeful

Interference Response Team (PIRT) requirements

– Rehearse newly revised GPSOC, NOCC, NAVCEN

procedures

Preparedness ActivitiesCommand Post Exercise (CPX)

• Simulated purposeful scenarios

• Illuminated need for

– Interagency checklist with clear lead and supporting

authorities and incident ranking criteria

– Multi-agency collaborative environment for shared

situational awareness

– Further exercises w/greater complexity, scope, and

interaction with PIRT

• Continue CPX simulations until response is

second nature

Threat Assessment & Operations Plan (OPlan)

• Preliminary Study of CI/KR Vulnerabilities

• Report with Recommendations:

– Joint Civil & Defense Interagency Stakeholders

Dependency on GPS

– Impact to CI/KR

– Technical Tools to Mitigate Vulnerability Gaps

– Demonstration/test to ID Vulnerabilities and Measure

Effective Mitigation Techniques

• Operations Plan

Central Data Repository Requirements(Policy Derived Qualitative)

• Central Interference Report (IR) database focal point of all PNT

interference

• Encompass process and functions for detection validation,

investigation, assessment, corroboration of IR

• Automated dissemination of data and reduce IR information

distribution delays for decision support

• Mechanisms for cataloging PNT applications and associated

vulnerabilities to interference

• Employ information assurance components and processes to

protect database

• Assure the integrity of IR and sensors

Central Data Repository Requirements(Quantitative Goals & Objectives)

• User Access Threshold – 70 concurrent user access

• User Access Sign-on – 475 read access

• 150 PNT incident reports (IR) per month (1800 annually)

• Database support 500,000 unique IR entries

• Responses to system queries less than 8 seconds

• New & updated IRs posted immediately visible, available and accessible

• System availability of 99.9%

• Automatic update to subscribers – Initially:– Navigation Center, FAA Operations Center, GPS Operations

Center.

Central Data Repository• Baseline Requirements - Cost control, use existing

architecture

• FAA Spectrum Engineering Tracking System (SETS)

• Integrated Common Analytical Viewer (iCAV)– Geospatial enabling/visualization tool

– Geographic Information System interface that integrates multiple

geospatial data sources from a centralized geospatial data

warehouse

– Based on the Environmental Systems Research Institute’s (ESIR)

suite of products; ability to map, analyze, and view information

from a mission specific application which assembles and

compares data from various sources.

Central Data Repository• Federal Aviation Administration’s SETS core 10 data

fields (mandatory entries):

1. SETS ID # {Record URL}

2. DATE START - DD/MM/YYYY

3. DATE STOP - DD/MM/YYYY

4. EVENT TIME START - #### UTC

5. EVENT TIME STOP - #### UTC

6. LATITUDE - +##.####### Degrees

7. LONGITUDE - +###.####### Degrees

8. USER EQUIPMENT TYPE

9. FREQUENCY (L1, L2, L5… etc.) - ####.####

10. REMARKS & OTHER RELEVENT INFORMATION

Central Data Repository

• Federal Aviation Administration’s SETS four additional data fields (optional entries):

11. Event Status

12. Source

13. Joint Spectrum Interference Report (JSIR) DTG

14. Altitude

• Future data field: US National Grid

• The following slides show the existing FAA’s SETS web pages which will be changed to a DHS PNTIP “look & feel”

Equip – FAA Equipment types which may be experiencing the interference. Eventually populate with PNT equipment

This is the Intranet available to authenticated users

Address will change to: http://pnt.dhs.gov/login/EVENT_entryPNTIP.asp

This is currently the FAA Maintenance Management System Mainframe event code category. In the GPS SETS module is replaced by Joint Spectrum Interference Resolution (JSIR) date time group .

PNTIP

PNT Interference System Capability

• Collaboration of Federal Agencies

• Utilize Existing Infrastructure for Mitigation of

PNT Interference

– CORS, NDGPS, Rescue-21

– Excess of 25,000 available

– Negotiating with TELCOM Industry

• Leverage Current Technology

Patriot WatchOverlook Systems Technologies, Inc.

• System-of-Systems approach to provide real-time monitoring (preparedness), location & notification (response) of GPS interference– Designed with government & commercial hardware

– Persistent monitoring yields situational awareness

– Timely response to anomalies

– Sensor placement based on PNT critical infrastructure & resources

– Remains operational when GPS systems is “stressed”

Patriot ShieldOverlook Systems Technologies, Inc.

• System-of-Systems designed to deny the nefarious use of PNT signals within the United States– Deployable & fixed assets part of national solution– Intelligence community part of systems activation– CONOPS requires coordinated operational threat

response– Modeling, simulation, & testing critical to systems

development– Will leverage existing Electronic Attack & Testing

Coordination protocols for notification & response

Multiple DF Sensor Network - Low Data Message Handling Requirements

State & Local Fusion Centers(notional)

Central Data Repository

Regional Alarm Summary Data

National Alarm Summary

Sensor DataDetection Descriptor Word

(Position, Amp, Freq, Time and LOB Data)

LocalLaw

DHS

DOT

DoD

FAA

FCC

Homeland Special Signal Detection & Geo-location

National Level System Architecture

Regional Sensor Network

Conterminous United States0 280 560 840 1,120140

Miles

8

6

9

5

4

7

10

3

12

-70°

-70°

-80°

-80°

-90°

-90°

-100°

-100°

-110°

-110°

-120°

-120°

50°

50°

40°

40°

30°

30°

20°

20°

Central Meridian: -961st Std Parallel: 202nd Std Parallel: 60Latitude of Origin: 40

Albers Projection

µ

Mapped to DHS FEMA's 10 Regional DistrictsSensor Monitoring at State & Local Fusion Centers

Patriot Watch

"Patriot Watch" is a proprietary term developedby Overlook Systems Technologies, Inc.

Northeastern United States

0 50 100 150 20025

Miles

New York

New Jersey

2

WestTrenton

New York

New York

Latham

-72°

-72°

-74°

-74°

-76°

-76°

-78°

-78°

-80°

-80°44

°

44°

42°

42°

40°

40°

80°0'0"W

80°0'0"W

40°0'0"N 40°0'0"N

Central Meridian: -961st Std Parallel: 202nd Std Parallel: 60Latitude of Origin: 40

Albers Projection

µ

Patriot ShieldDHS FEMA's Regional District #2

"Patriot Shield" is a proprietary term developedby Overlook Systems Technologies, Inc.

FOX

ABCBloomberg

UN

Summary• Central Data Repository Funded; TRIAD

& other federal agencies by December

2009

• Vulnerability Assessment & OPLAN

Early 2009/2010

• National Level Sensor Capability 3 – 6

Years

Partnerships• Department of Homeland

Security• U. S. Coast Guard• National Geospatial

Intelligence Agency• National Security Agency• Naval Surface Warfare

Center – Dahlgren, VA• USAF GPS Wing• Joint Navigation Warfare

Center

• USAF Tactical Exploitation of National Capabilities Program

• Federal Aviation Administration

• National PNT Coordination Office

• Overlook Systems Technologies, Inc.

• NAVSYS Corporation• L3 Communications• Integrity Applications,

Inc.

DHS Geospatial Management Office

Mr. John Merrill

John.Merrill@dhs.gov

202-447-3731