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DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

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TARAKA CAMPUS

Head of Department: Associate Professor Orsak, L., PhD (UCB), BSc. (Hon.) (UCI)

Deputy Head of Department:

Jeremiah, H., PGDAg. (PNGUT), BScFor(PNGUT), M.S.(Beijing Forestry University, China).

Professor: Gideon, Osia.,PhD (JCU), M.S. (PNGUT), B.S. (PNGUT), DipFor (FORCOL). Lecturers Peki, M.M., PhD (Tokyo), MSc (TUAT),

BScFor (PNGUT), DipFor(FORCOL). Edwin, P., MSc (UniMelb), BScFor(PNGUT)

(Study Leave) Pokon, R., MPhil. (PNGUT),

BScFor(PNGUT). Zure, D., MSc (PNGUT), M.Sc (*****);

BScFor(PNGUT).(on study leave) Jeremiah, H., PGDAg. (PNGUT),

BScFor(PNGUT), M.S.(Beijing Forestry University, China).

Senior Technical Officer: Wanna, L., ScFor(PNGUT) M.S. GIS (PNGUT) Technical Officers:

Vinas, A. Herbarium CuratorCert (FORCOL) Onas, P., B.S. Forestry (PNGUT)

Technical Assistant: Feriwok,C., DipFor. (PNGUT) Computer Operator:

Nona, J., CISCO Cert. Storeman Isom, Y., Cert.PETT(TFTC) Secretarial: Bomoteng, E., DiplTheol (CFNI) Cert Sec Studies (LaeTech)

Steven, B., BasicSecCert(LTC)

BULOLO CAMPUS Principal: Maiguo, E., MFor (ANU), Grad.Dip(ANU) BScFor (PNGUT), DipFor (FORCOL), Grad. Cert. Scicom (PNGUT) Lecturers: Baput, Bazakie B.S. (PNGUT), M.S. (UniMelb) Gebia, O.,DipFor(FORCOL)M.Phil (PNGUT)

Senior Technical Instructors: Gusamo, B., MSc (Wales), DipFor(FORCOL) Veisami, L. B.S. (PNGUT) Cert Forest Manage (FTI) DipFor (FORCOL) Technical Officer: Aguadi, S.,BScFor(PNGUT) Alis, KonielBScFor (PNGUT)

Secretarial: Menin,M., SecCert (LTC), Advance Cert. Computing (CTC)

Management & Administrative: Gwaso, A., Trade Cert. Carpentry (MTECH), Cert. in Furniture (Pom Tech), Cert. Wood Machining (TFTC), Cert. Carpentry (BulTech) Nohuan, T., Cert. Police (PolTrain) Lenza, D,Cert. Accounting (LaeBus) Gonopan, A. SecCert (ComTrain)

Library: Asari, D.Cert. Information Technology (ITI) Gwaso, Y. ABBREVIATIONS FOR UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES ATTENDED BY STAFF

ADCOL Administrative College, Port Moresby ANU Australian National University,

Canberra, Australia

Department of Forestry ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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AS AluSigns Training Course BFU Beijing Forestry University, China. BulTechBulolo Technical School Cant. Canterbury University, New Zealand CFNI Christ for the Nations Institute,

Dallas, United States ComTrainCommercial Training Centre CTC Commercial Training Center – Lae FORCOL PNG Forestry College,

Bulolo, FTIForest Training Institute of Japan ITI International Training Institute, Australia JCU James Cook University, Australia LTC Lae Technical

College MSTECH Madang Secretarial College PBCPort Moresby Business College PNGUT PNG University of Technology, Taraka, PolTrainPolice Training,Bulolo Pom Tech Port Moresby Technical College QUT Queensland University of Technology,

Australia Shimane Shimane University, Japan SJTL St Joseph’s Technical College, Lae SPC Sepik Agriculture College TFTC Timber and Forestry Training College-

Bumbu, TokyoUniversity of Tokyo, Hongo, Japan Tottori Tottori University, Japan TUAT Tokyo University of Agriculture

&Technology, Fuchu, Japan UCB University of California at Berkeley,

United States UCI University of California at Irvine, United

States UE University of Edinburgh, UK UniMelUniversity of Melbourne, Burnley,

Australia UPLB University of Philippines, Las Banos, UPNG University of Papua New Guinea VUT Victoria University of Technology,

Melbourne, Australia Wales University of North Wales, Bangor, UK

ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES The PNG University of Technology Forestry Departmentis the only institution in the South

Pacific region that offers training in tropical forestry at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels and welcomes applicants from the South Pacific region and beyond. POSTGRADUATE: The Department offers a one year Postgraduate Diploma (PGD) program in Forestry, plus the two year Masters of Science (M.S.) (includes coursework) or Masters of Philosophy (MPhil)in Forestry (no coursework). With special arrangement, a PhD can be pursued in specific areas of forestry that fall within the specialties of resident senior faculty. See the section on Postgraduate Studies for further details. UNDERGRADUATE: Normal entry qualifications for undergraduate study programmesare: Grade 12 with minimum ‘B’ grade in English, Mathematics (grade ‘A’ if minor), Biology, plus either Chemistry or Physics. Starting in 2016, the Department of Forestry will offer separate Degree (4 year) and Diploma (3 year)programmes. Thisreplaces the initially combineddegree/diploma curriculumwhere students were later separated into diploma or degree strands that was offered from 1995-2015. The change was made to give Diploma and Degree students distinctly different areas of expertise to improve their employability following graduation while retaining the broad education of the previous curriculum. All Diploma students now reside only at the Bulolo campus, whereas Degree students will spend 3 semesters at Bulolo campus, with the remaining time based at Taraka (Lae) main campus. The Department previously offered a B.S. Forest Management degree for those graduating from the old PNG Forestry College (before 1994). Starting in 2015, this programme is no longer being offered. Overseas applicants holding less than a Diploma in Forestry are invited to apply for the full degree program. Those who hold a PNG Diploma in Forestry earned before 1994 and who have remained in Forestry as a career are encouraged to


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investigate theone year Postgraduate Diploma in Forestry study programme, as extensive forestry work experience normally can substitute for the lack of a higher degree. Both Diploma and Degree courses are designed to produce professional foresters who canmeet managerial, field and lab technical officer needs of the National Forest Authority at district, provincial and national levels, aswell as satisfying private sector forest industries. Forestrygraduates should also be able to function effectively in other government departments too, suchas the Department of Environment and Conservation, as well serving innon-governmental organisations whose missions relate to forestry and forests. The Forestry curriculum places considerable emphasis on forest management, environmental protection, on undertaking forest resource surveys, and on wood technology and forest industries. All these fields are important to the country's economy. This course provides the graduate with an adequate background to take responsible positions in the timber industry, with its harvesting and processing operations, as well as in the NationalForest Service. In addition to extensive fieldwork, which is part of the course, students are required to undergo one semester of supervised work experience in PNG Forest Authority plantations. Course breakdown by year of study DIPLOMA: Year 1 diploma courses are intended to put all incoming students on a 'level playing field' by providing review courses with forestry applications, in the basic sciences: English, physics, and chemistry, mathematics. A beginning information management and technology course focuses on hands-on life skills. In this beginning year, students will also delve deeply into botany with 2 courses, as well as take introductory classes in silvicuture, forestry climatology, soils, wood technology and first aid and industrial safety. Mid-

semester break courses provide field practicals in silviculture in communities and in forest ecology. Year 2 diploma courses intensively cover tree and forest plant identification, various aspects of wood technology, surveying and silviculture practices used in plantations. Also covered are forest measurement, forest ecology, communication and negotiation, and business skills. The final diploma Year 3 turns to natural forest silviculture and provides more advanced courses in Forestry policy and law, supervision management, long-term forest management, and non-timber forest products. A 2 week field course during semester break introduces students to multi-purpose forest inventory, with another trip to examine community forestry from a highlands perspective; this helps to apply what is learnt in the community forestry and extension as well as the agroforestry courses. In the area of timber processing, students will learn techniques at the small- and medium-scale level, and carry out intensive hands-on practice in tree felling. A semester break course on fire protection rounds out the overall training in forest protection. Course breakdown by year of study DEGREE: Year 1 courses are intended to provide the student with a thorough grounding in the basic sciences: biology, physics, chemistry, mathematics and starting botany courses, together with study and communication skills and information technology basics.An introduction to forestry is also provided. Year 2 courses are taken at Bulolo campus and designed to give basic practical skills, along with essential underlying theory. Topics studied include commercial tree and forest plant identification, ecology, biodiversity, silviculture, soils, surveying, mensuration, forest productsand industries, business skills, and communication and negotiation skills. Year 3 begins with a full semester of supervised industrial work experience, followed by a block


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course in timber harvesting. Semester break has a 2 week field course in Forest Inventory. During mid-semester break, all Degree students leave Bulolo and return to Taraka campus, Lae. The second half of Semester 1 at Taraka is spent on block courses and field work in local forests with the objective of learning how to problem solve in forestry. This is preparatory to classes that will be taken in Semester 2 of Year 3 as well as in Year 4. Semester 2 courses at Tarakacampus cover forest economics, silviculture, geographic information systems (GIS), wood science and technology, and experimental design and analysis. The latter course is preparatory to designing the Year 4 (final year) individual project in forestry. Year 4 of the degree program cover topics such as agroforestry & community extension, forest inventory and assessment, forest management planning, forest engineering, forest product developmentand marketing, forest policy (formulation and analysis), wildlife management and conservation, and human resource management. The Department of Forestry focuses professionally on environment management, conservation of resources and multiple land use, with these special areas of interest: (i) Resource survey and environmental

management, (ii) Forest management and

silvicultureespecially in respect of the lowlandtropical forest ecosystems.

(iii) Reforestation and agro-forestry

(iv) Maximising the return from the country's forest resources with regard tothe economic, social and environmental impact of forestry operations.

(v) Appropriate technology in all aspects of forestry.

(vi) Renewable energy resources. (vii) Forest protection and wildlife

management

(viii) Ecosystem and watershed management (ix) The role of forests in climate change In general, the course is oriented towards developing awareness among the students on therole of forestry, as an important natural resource, and how this resource can be best utilized to achieve national goals and rural community development without impacting too much on the environment. DEGREE Course Structure [TARAKA campus] YEAR 1, SEMESTER 1 Code Subject Weekly Hours (credits) FR111 Plant Biology 5 (13) FR102 Introduction to Forestry 3 (13) AS111 Chemistry I (A) 6 (15) PH173 Physics for Natural Resources I 4 (13) MA181 Mathematics I A & F 4 (13) CS145 Introduction to Information

Technology 2 (6) LA101 English Grammar & Composition I 3 (13) 3 Total 27 (86) SEMESTER 2 AG112 Animal Biology 5 (16) AS112 Chemistry II (A) 6 (15) PH174 Physics for Natural Resources II 4 (13) MA182 Mathematics II A&F 4 (13) 4 CS146 Introduction to Information Technology II 2 (7) LA102 English Grammar & Composition II 2 (6) FR104 Forest Botany 4 (12) Total 27 (82) [BULOLO campus] YEAR 2, SEMESTER 1 Code Subject Weekly Hours (credits) FD121 Introduction to Silviculture 4 (9) FD217 Commercial Tree Identification 4 (9) FD281 Forest Ecology 4 (9) FD303 Industrial Forestry 2 (3)


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FD383 Forest Biodiversity 4 (9) FD391 Agroforestry 4 (9) FD393 Small-scale Timber Milling & Marketing 4 (9) Total 22 (57) SEMESTER 2 FR111 Plant Biology 5(5) FD138 Forest Climatology 2(6) FD140 Forest Soils 4(9) FD218 Forest Plant Identification 6 (12) FD252 Forest Survey Theory & Skills 5 (13) FD265 Forest Measurement I 4(9) FD292 Business Skills 3 (11) FD396 Fire Protection* 2(6) Total 30(71) * Field course offered during semester break [BULOLO CAMPUS] YEAR 3, SEMESTER 1 (courses will change in 2017) Code Subject Weekly Hours (credits) FD301 Structured Work Placement* 16 (24) FD311 Timber Harvesting** 5(15) FD365 Multi-purpose Forest Inventory***4(9) Total 25 (48) * 5 weeks work experience in Bulolo plantations ** 2 weeks block course *** 2 weeks semester break field course. [TARAKA CAMPUS] SEMESTER 2 FR364 Forest Economics 4 (15) FR366 GIS for Natural Resource Management 4 (12) FR372 Society and Environment 2 (15) FR374 Silviculture II 5 (16) FR382 Wood Science and Technology 4 (9) FR384 Experimental Design and Analysis 5 (18) FR390 Introduction to Climate Change 4 (13) Total 28 (98) YEAR 4, SEMESTER 1 Code Subject Weekly Hours (credits) FR451 Agroforestry and Community

Extension 4 (15) FR453 Forest Engineering 4 (18) FR455 Forest Inventory and Assessment 4 (15) FR457 Administration and Human Resource Management 2 (9) FR459 Forest Management Planning I 5 (13) FR480 Project 4 (13) FR461 Field Studies in Industrial Forestry (mid-semester break) 1 week 2 (3) Total 25 (83) SEMESTER 2 FR472 Wildlife Management 4 (18) FR476 Forest Pests and Diseases 4 (15) FR480 Project II 4 (9) FR484 Forest Product Development &Marketing 4 (12) FR486 Forest Policy 3 (13) FR488 Forest Management Planning II 5 (22) FR466 Forestry Extension Project (mid semester break) 1 week 2 (3) Total 26 (92) DIPLOMA Course Structure [all courses taught at Bulolo campus] YEAR 1, SEMESTER 1 Code Subject Weekly Hours (credits) FD101 English for Forestry 4 (12) FD105 Mathematics for Forestry I 4 (15) FD107 Chemistry for Forestry 3 (10) FD109 Physics for Forestry 3 (11) FD111 Information Management & Technology Basics 3 (7) FD115 Plant Morphology & Systematics 4 (9) FD121 Introduction to Silviculture 4 (9) FD131 Silviculture in the Community I* 4 (4) Total 29 (77) * Field course offered during mid-semester break SEMESTER 2[ending 2017 school year] FD102 English for Forestry II 4 (12) FD106 Mathematics for Forestry II 4 (10) FD116 Plant Physiology 4 (9) FD132 Silviculture in the Community II* 3 (4) FD138 Forest Climatology 2 (6) FD140 Forest Soils 4 (9) FD141 Wood Technology 4 (9)


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FD150 Industrial Safety & First Aid 2 (3) FD152 Forest Survey Theory & Skills 4 (13) Total 32 (75) * Field course offered during mid-semester break YEAR 2, SEMESTER 1[starting 2017 school year] FD217 Commercial Tree Identification 4 (9) FD237 Forest Plantation Silviculture I 4 (9) FD241 Wood Identification, Seasoning & Preservation 4 (9) FD252 Forest Surveying Theory & Skills II 4 (13) FD265 Forest Measurement I 4 (9) FD271 Forest Inventory 4 (9) FD273 Forest Ecology & Industry Field Studies** 4 (6) FD281 Forest Ecology 4 (9) FD365 Multi-purpose Forest Inventory Training* 4 (9) Total 40 (82) * Semester break field study SEMESTER 2[starting 2017 school year] FD218 Forest Plant Identification 6 (12) FD238 Forest Plant Silviculture II 5 (13) FD242 Timber Processing & Timber Products Industries 4 (12) FD266 Forest Measurement II 5 (13) FD286 Communication & Negotiation 3 (10) FD292 Business Skills 3 (11) Total 26 (71) YEAR 3, SEMESTER 1 FD301 Structured Work Placement 2 months (~8 weeks) 16 FD311 Timber Harvesting 5 weeksblock training (in conjunctionwith TFTC) 10 FD365 Forest Assessment (2 weeks) 4 Total 30 YEAR 3, SEMESTER 2 FD312 Silviculture II* 5 FD316 Non-industrial Forestry 3 FD318 Forest Inventory &Management 5 FD322 Forest Engineering 4 FD324 Communication and Negotiation II 4 FD328 Human Resource Management 2

FD334 Forest Policy and Legislation 3 Total 26 ∗ Field practical activities are a major component of this course. YEAR 3, SEMESTER 1[starting 2018 school year] FD343 Timber Harvesting 4 (9) FD345 Tree Felling & Chainsaw Technology 2 (6) FD351 Highlands Community Forestry*4 (6) FD383 Forest Biodiversity 4 (9) FD385 Project Supervision Practical I**3 (4) FD389 Community Forestry and Extension 4 (9) FD391 Agroforestry 4 (9) FD393 Small-Scale Timber Milling and Marketing 4 (9) FD397 Forest Engineering for Roads & Buildings 4 (9) Total 33 (70) * Semester break 2 weeks field trip. ** 3 hours/week work supervision practice SEMESTER 2[starting 2018 school year] FD338 Natural Forest Silviculture 6 (15) FD386 Project Supervision Practical II* 3 (4) FD390 Supervisory Management Skills 2 (9) FD392 Forest Management Planning 4 (15) FD394 Forest Administration, Policy & Law 4 (12) FD396 Fire Protection** 2 (6) FD398 Wildlife Management 4 (12) Total 25 (73) * 1 week mid-semester break block course. SUMMARY OF COURSES OFFERED

BuloloCampus FD101 English for Forestry FD102 English for Forestry II FD105 Mathematics for Forestry I FD106 Mathematics for Forestry II FD107 Chemistry for Forestry FD109 Physics for Forestry FD111 Information Management &Technology


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Basics FD115 Plant Morphology & Systematics FD116 Plant Physiology FD121 Introduction to Silviculture FD131 Silviculture in the Community I FD132 Silviculture in the Community II FD138 Forest Climatology FD140 Forest Soils FD141 Wood Technology FD150 Industrial Safety & First Aid FD152 Forest Survey Theory & Skills FD217 Commercial Tree Identification FD218 Forest Plant Identification FD237 Forest Plantation Silviculture I FD238 Forest Plant Silviculture II FD241 Wood Identification, Seasoning

&Preservation FD242 Timber Processing & Timber Products

Industries FD253 Forest Surveying Theory & Skills II FD265 Forest Measurement I FD266 Forest Measurement II FD271 Forest Inventory FD273 Forest Ecology & Industry Field Studies FD281 Forest Ecology FD286 Communication & Negotiation FD292 Business Skills FD303 Industrial Forestry FD343 Timber Harvesting FD345 Tree Felling & Chainsaw Technology FD351 Highlands Community Forestry FD365 Multi-purpose Forest Inventory

Training* FD383 Forest Biodiversity FD385 Project Supervision Practical I FD389 Community Forestry and Extension FD391 Agroforestry FD393 Small-Scale Timber Milling and

Marketing FD397 Forest Engineering for Roads &

Buildings TarakaCampus FR102 Introduction to Forestry FR104 Forest Botany FR111 Biology FR204 Forestry, Forest Policy and

Economics** FR362 Forest Finance for Land Management**

FR364 Forest Economics FR366 GIS for Natural Resources Management FR372 Society and

Environment FR374 Silviculture II FR382 Wood Science &Technology FR384 Experimental Design &Analysis FR451 Agroforestry and Community Extension FR453 Forest Engineering FR455 Forest Inventory and Assessment FR457 Administration and Human

ResourcesManagement FR459 Forest Management Planning I FR461 Field Studies in Industrial Forestry FR466 Forestry Extension Project FR472 Wildlife Management FR476 Forest Pests and Diseases FR480 Project I &II FR484 Forest Product Development

&Marketing FR486 Forest Policy FR488 Forest Management Planning II FR490 Introduction to Climate Change

**These are ‘service subjects’ offered to other Departments.


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SUBJECT DETAILS FR 102: INTRODUCTION TO FORESTRY Common credit: 13 Hours per week: 2 Objective: To provide students with an overview of the whole field of forestry so as to prepare them to appreciate the individual forestry subjects as they are taught in subsequent years. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Describe the occurrence of forests in the

world and the environmental conditions in which they appear;

LO2. Describe the major types of forest found in PNG, and under what environmental conditions they appear;

LO3. Discuss the highlights of important forestry subdisciplinesthat exist in PNG, describe the activities involved within those subdisciplines, and discuss relevant national issues related to those subdisciplines.

Syllabus: An introduction to world climate and vegetation types, forest influences, climate, vegetation and forests of Papua New Guinea, forestry field activities, forest assessment, management and utilisation of the forest resource, with brief introductions to some specialized forestry fields, such as forest policy and law. Future trends in Forestry and the role of research are also covered. Reference: Anderson, D. A. and Holland I.I., (1982).Forest and Forestry. Interstate Printers and Publishers,

Inc., Illinois. Burton, L. D. (2008). Introduction to Forestry Science.Elmar Cengage Learning, New York. Shrivastava, M. B., (1997). Introduction to Forestry.Vikas Publishing House, PVT Ltd, New Delhi.

Tesseverasinghe, K., (1988). Introduction toForestry. Unitech, Lae. Assessment:

Continuous -50% Examination -50%

FR 104: FOREST BOTANY

Common credit: 9 Hours per Week: 4 Prerequisites: FR 111 Plant Biology Objectives: This subject extends the knowledge taught in FR111 Plant Biology by focusing on the taxonomy and identification of forest tree species, and on collection and mounting of herbarium specimens. It also has the objective of providing the skills needed to identify common plant species in forests, especially plants which are of economic and ecological importance. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Use the accepted terminology todescribe

plant features of taxonomic importance; LO2. Collect and mount specimens of a range of

botanical species; LO3. Use the overall appearance of the trees and

the structure of their bark, leaf, and wood to identify tree species;

LO4. Use herbarium specimens to identify plants and store plant materials.

Syllabus: Introduction to herbarium, principles of taxonomy, diversity of plants, structure of flowers, primary growth in stems, secondary growth in stems, plant classification, gymnosperms, angiosperms, and plants orders. Reference: Conn, J. B., (1979). Botany, Training Manual for

the Forestry College, Vol. 12, Office of Forests, PNG.

Forman, L. &Bridson, D. (1989).The


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Herbarium Handbook.Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.

Assessment:

Continuous -50 % Examination -50 %

FR 111: PLANT BIOLOGY Common credit: 13 Hours per week: 5 Prerequisite: Grade 12 Biology or equivalent. Objective: To introduce biology as a theoretical and applied discipline, using plants as the model. To introduce the use of scientific method as the principle tool through which the discipline developed. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students will be able to: LO1. Understand and comprehend cell structure

and basic physio-chemical processes that function in living organisms.

LO2. Understand and comprehend plant structure, function, morphological characteristics, and stages of plant growth & development and growth hormones.

LO3. Understand and comprehend characteristics and importance of micro-organisms and their ecological roles with other organisms and environment.

LO4. Understand plant evolution, reproduction and different divisions of plants in Plant Kingdom.

LO5. Understand and comprehend the basic principles and concepts of plant ecology and symbiotic relationships.

Textbook: Biology Study Guide: Laboratory ManualRevised by Debra Hector and Alex Sayok, References: Roberts M.B.V. (1986).Biology:

AFunctionalApproach. (4th ed.).ELBS.

Berrie, G.L., A., Berrie, &J.M.O. Eze.(1987). Tropical Plant Science. ELBS.

Assessment:


FR 204: FORESTRY, FOREST POLICY

AND ECONOMICS Common credit: 18 Hours per week: 4

Objectives: To provide a thorough understanding and knowledge of forestry, market economics and forest economics, including concepts related to forest policy for non-foresters. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Recognize the different forest types, LO2.Understand how forest policy works(both

globally and PNG in particular), LO3.Apply economic principles in forestry

when dealing with community groups and their land resources.

Syllabus: Forest as an ecosystem, forest types, types of forest industries, economic principles, market structure, appraisal and evaluation of forests, forest policy and legislation (PNG context), and stakeholder involvement in policy development. References: Anderson, D.A., and Holland, I.I., (1982).

Forests and Forestry.(Third ed.). The Interstate Printers & Publishers, Inc., Illinois.

Longman, K.A., and Jenik, J., (1974). Tropical Forest and its Environment. Longman, London.

Price, C. (1989). The Theory and Application ofForest Economics. Basil Blackwell, Oxford.

Rees, J. (1985). Natural Resources: Allocation,Economics and Policy. Methuen, London andNew York.


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Shrivasta, M.B., (1997). Introduction to Forestry.Vikas Publishing House, PVT Ltd, NewDelhi.

Tietenburg, T. (2000).Environmental and Natural Resource Economics. (5th ed.). Addison-Wesley, Massachusetts. [+ Relevant PNG documents on Forest Policy]

Assessment:


FR 362: FOREST FINANCE FOR LAND

MANAGEMENT Common credit: 18 Hours per week: 4

Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. To be able to explain the characteristics

that distinguish forest finance from finance in other sectors.

LO2. To know and be able to apply basic skills necessary to come to valuation of forest lands, trees, and forestry projects.

LO3. To understand and be able to apply the time dimension and capital costs to finance in the forestry sector.

LO4. To understand the different factors that influence forestry investment in Papua New Guinea.

LO5. To be able to apply the information taught in order to valuate forest lands, trees and forestry activities in their different expressions in Papua New Guinea.

Syllabus: Capital in forest production. Time dimension of forest capital: the concept of compounding and discounting; cost of capital in long-term forestry projects. Forest Valuation: valuation of forest land and forest; valuation of multi-use forest appraisal of damage to forest; valuation and land use allocation. Investments in forestry:

evaluation of alternative investment opportunities, comparative analysis of sustained yield and single yield forestry; comparison of multi-use forestry.Factors influencing forest investment and development in PNG. References: Duerr, W.A., (1960). Forestry Economics.McGraw-Hill, New York. Davis, L.S., &K.Johnson, (1987).ForestManagement.McGraw-Hill, New York. Assessment:


FD 101: ENGLISH FOR FORESTRY 1 Common credit: 12 Hours per week: 4 Objective: To establish effective study skills appropriate to semi professional level study. To develop language related skills to enable students to meet the study demands of the First Year Forestry Diploma course. Also to enable students to develop basic appropriate communication skills to enable students to function effectively in the work and research situation. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Use extensive and intensive reading

strategies as appropriate; LO2. Written clear concise, grammatically correct

sentences, organized into well constructed paragraphs and essays;

LO3. Compile essays and reports from a variety of

sources, attributing material taken from these sources;

LO4. Deliver effective oral presentation peers; LO5. Write official memoranda and letters

following the accepted conventions. Syllabus: Study skills, personal study timetable, note-taking from lecturers and books, listening skills,


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organization and use of the library. Appropriate Reading Strategies: scanning, skimming, browsing, intensive reading, vocabulary development, reviewing books and articles. Presentation and writing of Scientific Report, Research Proposal and Research Methodology. Writing Skills: review of sentence structure, construction of paragraphs with clearly defined and developed topics, writing essays, specialized use of language for description, process, function and measurement as it relates to Natural Resources, writing outlines and summaries of longer texts, both written and audio-visual, writing memorandums and official letters of various type. Oral Presentation: practice in presenting short talks, paying attention to structure, content and style of presentation. References: Buschenhofen, P. (1998)., Academic and

Professional Communication, PNG University of Technology, Department of Language and Communication Studies, Lae,

Crystal, D., (19992), Discovering Grammar, London: Longman.

Mountford, A. (1977) English in Agriculture Oxford Uni. Press

Evans, J. (1994) Plantation Forestryin the Tropics. (Second ed.) Oxford Uni. Press

Assessment:


FD 102 ENGLISH FOR FORESTRY II Common Credit: 12 Hours per week: 4 Objectives: This subject aims to enhance the students’ writing skills to critically write reports and research papers. Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of the subject the students will be able to: LO1. Compile essays and reports from a variety of

sources, attributing material taken from these sources;

LO2. Deliver effective oral presentation to peers

LO3. Write official memoranda and letters following the accepted conventions.

Syllabus: Writing Skills: Review of sentence structure, construction of paragraphs with clearly defined and developed topics, writing essays, specialized use of language for description, process, function and measurement as it relates to Natural Resources, writing outlines and summaries of longer texts, both written and audio-visual, writing memorandums and official letters of various type. Oral Presentation: Practice in presenting short talks, paying attention to structure, content and style of presentation. References: Buschenhofen, P. (1998) Academic and

Professional Communication, PNG University of Technology, Department of Language and Communication Studies, Lae,

Mountford, A. (1977) English in Agriculture Oxford Uni. Press

Evans, J. (1982) Plantation Forestryin the Tropics. Oxford Uni. Press

Assessment: Continuous -50% Examination -50% A pass must be obtained in both components FD 105: MATHEMATICS FOR FORESTRY I Common credit: 15 Hours per week: 5 Objective: To reinforce those topics from High School mathematics directly applicable to tertiary studies in the Natural Sciences, to introduce the concepts and procedures of Measurements, and to introduce the methods of algebra. Learning Outcomes: LO1. Solve problems involving lengths, areas and

volumes; LO2. Manipulate algebraic expressions and solve

algebraic equations; LO3. Mensuration and Algebra use in Forestry


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application. Syllabus: Mensuration: use of standard area and volume formulae, trigonometry, ratio and proportion, effect of errors in calculations. Algebra: simplification of expressions, the use of surds and indices, the solution of linear and quadratic equations. Logarithms. References: Alldis, B.K. Mathematics for Technicians, 2nd,

McGraw Hill, Sydney,1986. Jefferey. A. (2002), Advance Mathematics,

University of New Castle. Whipkey, K.L. et al. (1981) The Power of

Mathematics: Applications for the management and social sciences, 2nd ed. Wiley, New York.

Textbook: Mathematics Department modules. Assessment:


FD 106: MATHEMATICS FOR FORESTRY II Common credit: 10 Hours per week: 4 Prerequesite: FD105: Mathematics for Forestry I Objective: To use traditional function notation; use the properties of the standard mathematical functions and their graphs. Learning Outcomes: LO1. Understand the concepts of differentiation

and integration, and calculate the derivatives and integrals of standard functions;

LO2. Use numerical techniques to calculate areas under curves;

LO3. Use a hand calculator efficiently; including using scientific notation function keys and the statistical keys;

LO4. Use traditional function notation, understand the properties of the standard mathematical

functions, and graph these functions; LO5. Use of key mathematical functions in forestry

applications. Syllabus: Function: properties and graphs of linear, quadratic, exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric functions. Use of log linear and log graph paper. Composition of functions. Inverse functions. References: Alldis, B.K. Mathematics for Technicians, 2nd,

McGraw Hill, Sydney,1986. Jefferey. A. (2002), Advance Mathematics,

University of New Castle. Whipkey, K.L. et al. (1981) The Power of

Mathematics: Applications for the management and social sciences, 2nd ed. Wiley, New York.

Textbook: Mathematics Department modules. Assessment:


FD 107: CHEMISTRY FOR FORESTRY Common credit: 10 Hours per week: 3 Objective: To provide a basic but solid grounding of chemistry which relates more closely to wood and wood based products. This will enable further understanding in later subjects. Learning Outcomes: LO1. Understand the different types of elements in

the periodic table LO2. Ability to understand the reactions between

elements LO3. Ability to know elements in the plants and

soil LO4. Ability to understand and apply the elements

in plants and timbers. Syllabus: Introduction to chemistry, atomic structure and periodic table, chemical bonding, organic and


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inorganic chemistry. Rates of reaction. Acids and bases. Wood chemistry including cellulose, other secondary plant compounds. Soil chemical reactions. References: Zumdahl, S.S and S.A; Chemistry, 8th ed., (Brooks

Cole, USA, 2010). Assessment:


FD 109: PHYSICS FOR FORESTRY Common credit: 11 Hours per week: 3 Objective: Provide the basic foundation of quantifying physical quantities/parameters that will be utilize in forestry training, field application and research endeavors. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1.Perform unit conversions calculate errors in

measurements and write scientific notation prefixes.

LO2.Solving problems of linear and planar motion by applying the concepts of force, impulse, mass, momentum, work and energy.

LO3.Differentiate temperature from heat and heat transfer methods, calculate thermal expansion of matter, temperature change, heat capacity and phase change of latent heat.

LO4.Comprehend the properties of matter under physical condition and calculate energy in Hook’s Law of deformation with examples of young’s, shear and bulk modules.

LO5. Understand fluids behaviour: fluids at rest and flow and describe its application using Pascal, Archimedes and Bernoulli equations.

LO6.Understand the wave phenomena in sound, light and electromagnetic radiation and explain the characteristic and solve problems on wave functions.

Syllabus: Mechanics, Measurements, One-dimensional motion, Description of Motion, Laws of Motion, Concurrent force, Work, Power and Energy, Momentum, Rotational and Circular Motion, Conservation of Energy and Momentum. Heat and Temperature: Difference between heat and temperature, nature of heat, change of state, thermal expansion, and heat transfer processes in the environment. Fluids (Static and Motion): Pressure, Density, Depth, Surface tension, Pascal’s Principal, Archimedes’ Principal, Flow rate relation to velocity, Bernoulli’s equation and application. Wave: Types of waves, wave phenomena, sound as wave, electromagnetic nature of light, waves as particle, reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, optical instruments (microscope, telescope and spectrometer). References: Centorino, J.R., (2004). Physics. B & C. Wiley

Publishing Inc., New York OpenStax College., (2012). College Physics.

Rice University. Texas. Can be accessed on: Young, H. D. (2007). University Physics. 12th

Ed., Addison-Wesley, New York Assessment: Continuous -50% Examination -50% FD 111: INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

AND TECHNOLOGY BASICS Common credit: 7 Hours per week: 3 Objective: To ensure that all incoming diploma students can effectively work with information, particularly in electronic form, and the everyday use and basic maintenance of computers. The goal is to train students in the realities of the 21st Century where white collar productivity has replaced traditional secretarial help at most levels, and touch typing skills are now as important even for high level


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managers as being able to write and talk. The course will take students beyond normal instruction and focus specifically on productivity- and computer application (software) and security enhancing tools. Ultimately this course will be taught in e-learning mode, with lectures and resource papers all delivered electronically. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Know basic parts of a computer and be able

to connect all the basic parts; LO2. Have a basic understanding of hardware

connections and networking; LO3. Be proficient at basic touch typing; LO4. Be proficient at using common features of

Microsoft Windows and Linux Ubuntu operating systems;

LO5. Be able to use the features of operating system file directories;

LO6. Understand basic concepts underlying file organising and management;

LO7. Be able to name and file batches of electronic files in a manner that enhances their retrieval by third parties, and understand the importance and mechanisms of backing up files;

LO8. Name and file piles of hard copy papers in a manner that enhances their retrieval by third parties;

LO9. Be able to use basic office software -- word processing, spreadsheet and presentation -- effectively to significantly enhance overall productivity;

LO10. Have familiarity with malware and viruses and ways to prevent infections.

LO11. Be proficient in doing internet searches to find information related to specific needs.

Syllabus: Basic information management concepts; naming and organising electronic file folders; naming &organising hard copy files; overview of computer components; touch typing technique; overview of common operating systems; overview of common threats to computers via viruses and malware and how to prevent them; word processing software, with overview of

common functions; spreadsheet software, with overview of common functions; presentation software, with overview of common functions; basic internet techniques, including use of search engines. References: Ben'ary R (1989) touch Typing in Ten

Lessons. The Practical Handbook series. Perigee Books. 80pp.

Bergerud, M (2002) Microsoft Windows XP BASICS. First ed.. South-Western Computer Education. 408 pp.

Lindsell-Roberts, S (2010) Mastering Computer Typing. Revised edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 208 pp.

Morrison, C (2014) Computer Literacy BASICS: A Comprehensive Guide to IC3. 5th edition. Cengage Learning. 1064pp.

Sestoft, P (2014) Spreadsheet Implementation Technology: Basics and Extensions. The MIT Press. 328 pp.

Stokes, A (2012) Is This Thing On? A Computer Handbook for Late Bloomers, Technophobes, and the Kicking & Screaming. Revised edition. Workman Publ. Co. 448pp.

Ubuntu Manual Team (2014) Getting Started With Ubuntu 14.04. CreateSpace Independent Publ Platform. 142pp.

Wallace, P (2014) Introduction to Information Systems. Second ed.. Prentice-Hall, New York. 448 pp.

Textbooks: Resource book of internet printouts. Assessment:


FD 115: PLANT MORPHOLOGY AND

SYSTEMATICS Common credit: 9 Hours per week: 4 Prerequisites: Grade 12 Biology or equivalent


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Objective: To introduce plant morphology and systematic by focusing on the taxonomy and identification of plants, specimen collection and preservation technique. It also exposes students to the use of herbarium and understanding the use of dichotomous keys in plant identification. This discipline will provide the skills needed to identify common plant species in the forests. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Describe plant features such as the overall

appearance of the plants and the morphological features (plant parts) using acceptable terminology;

LO2. Employ techniques of plant collection and specimen preservation;

LO3. Collect and mount specimens of vascular plants;

LO4. Understand the use of dichotomous plant keys to identify unknown specimens of plants;

LO5. Use the herbarium specimen to identify plants.

Syllabus: Introduction to herbarium, principles of taxonomy, diversity of plants, structure of flowers, primary growth in stems, secondary growth in stems, plant classification, gymnosperms, angiosperms, and plants orders, use of dichotomous keys. Plant collection techniques, specimen preservation. References: Bell, D. A. (2008). Plant Form: An Illustrated

Guide to Flowering Plant Morphology. Timber Press, 2nd ed..

Bentje, H. (2010). The Kew Plant Glossary: An Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew.

Forman, L. and Bridson, D. (1989). The Herbarium Handbook. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.

Höft, R. (1992). Plants of New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Dictionary of the Genera and Families of Flowering Plants and Ferns.

Mauseth D.J (2009). Botany. An Introduction to Plant Biology. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. 4th ed., 624pp.

Nabors, W.M. (2004). Introduction to Botany.

Pearson Education, Inc, publishing as Benjamin Cummins.

Textbooks: Conn, J. B. (1979). Botany, Training Manual

for the Forestry College. Volume 12, Office of Forests, PNG.

Assessment:


FD 116: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY Common credit: 9 Hours per week: 4 Prerequisites: FD 115 Plant Morphology and Systematics Objectives: To introduce and discuss the principles and scope of plant physiology and its relationship to the overall functioning of plant growth and plant life. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Understand the scope and coverage of the

discipline of tree physiology and the overall practice of tree production;

LO2. Know the principles and functioning of plants;

LO3. Understand the physiological basis of plant yield and growth;

Syllabus: Introduction of basic plant functions, plant structure, transpiration and water movement in plants, functions of phloem and xylem, photosynthesis and plant growth, plant reproductive physiology: tree phenology, senescence (plant physiology and development), responses of plants to environmental stress. References: Conn, J. B. (1979). Botany, Training Manual

for the Forestry College. Volume 12, Office of Forests, PNG.


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Mauseth D.J (2009). Botany. An Introduction to Plant Biology. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. 4th ed., 624pp.

Salisbury, F.B. and Ross, C.W. (1992). Plant Physiology (4th ed.). Wadsworth Publishing Co. Inc., California.

Taiz, L. (2010). Plant Physiology, 5th edition. Sinauer Associates.

Assessment:


FD 121: INTRODUCTION TO SILVICULTURE Common credit: 9 Hours per week: 4 Objective: To provide students with an overview of the importance of silviculture in forest management so as to prepare them to learn about silvicultural practices in plantation and natural forests they will be taught in subsequent years. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Describe silviculture and its relevance in

forest management. LO2. Identify major forestry events in the history of

forestry in PNG. LO3. List information for creating compartment

histories of a forest plantation LO4. Identify process of a plantation establishment. LO5. List the key components of maintenance of a

forest plantation. LO6. Describe the physiological processes in

plants. Syllabus: Description of silviculture and its relevance in forest management. History of Forestry in PNG, and the role silviculture plays in forest management in PNG. Information required for compartments. Processes and activities involved in establishment and maintenance of forest plantation. Physiological processes in plants].

References: Evans, J., (1992). Evans, J., 1992. Plantation

Forestry in the Tropics, 2nd Ed., ELBS, Oxford. (first edition, 1982 also acceptable).

Smith, D., (1986). The Practice of Silviculture, Eight ed., John Wiley & Sons, Canada.

Assessment:


FD 131: SILVICULTURE IN THE COMMUNITY I FD 132: SILVICULTURE IN THE COMMUNITY II Common credit: 4 Hours per week: 3 Objectives: To expose students to the process of engaging communities to develop forestry projects in silviculture, reforestation and afforestation. The course is offered during mid-semester or semester breaks. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Understand Government process in service

delivery in districts in PNG and work with the local public servants and students to understand role of leadership in villages and communities and work through leaders to get implement projects,

LO2. Conduct a need analysis survey to find out landowners interested in reforestation/ afforestation/agro-forestry projects on their land, analysis survey data, select land owners who are interested and locate sites and do boundary survey,

LO3. Work collaboratively with land owners to do site preparation, picketing and planting of trees,

LO4. Be skilled at working with landowners to impart knowledge and stimulate their motivation to sustainably to maintain tree plantings, including carrying out fire preventative measures and other relevant management activities.


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LO5. Be able to work collaborative with landowners to establish community-driven nurseries.

[Note: Bulolo University College nursery will provide seedlings for this exercise] Syllabus: Forestry/people/living; basic economics in community forestry; forestry and the environment, government policy and service delivery, especially implementation at district and Local Level Government levels; role of District Authorities (DPBC); mechanisms for service delivery and land development with landowners, community sociology; project outcomes and sustainability of community land-based projects. References: Evans, J., (1994). Plantation Forestry in the

Tropics. (Second ed.). Clarendon Press Publ. 2, AIDAB, Canberra.

Assessment: Continuous -100% FD 138: FOREST CLIMATOLOGY Common credit: 6 Hours per week: 2 Objective: To make the students aware of the importance of climate and its influence on human activities, particularly forestry. To train the students in basic weather observation techniques enabling them to keep records of simple weather station. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Understand the weather and climate of the world. LO2. Describe the fundamentals of weather

including temperature, relative humidity, pressure systems, and monsoon rainfall;

LO3. Maintain and operate a weather station, report and keep records of temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed and fire

danger rating; LO4. Ability to analyze and interpret the data. LO5. Ability to apply the knowledge in Forestry. Syllabus: Weather and climate, the earth atmosphere and greenhouse effect; insolation, temperature, relative humidity and precipitation, hydrologic cycle, cloud formation and classification, evaporation, area pressure and winds, climate of PNG and the region. Operation of a weather station, reading weather charts, keeping weather records; measuring temperature, pressure, rainfall, calculating relative humidity. References: Knapp, B. (1979). Elements of Geographical

Hydrology, Unwin Hyman Ltd, London. Hartmann, D. L. (2014). Global Physical

Climatology (International Geophysics) (Kindle ed.).

McAlpine, and G.Keig. (1983). Climate of Papua New Guinea, Australia National University Press, Canberra, Australia, First ed.. 200pp

Assessment:


FD 140: FOREST SOILS Common credit: 9 Hours per week: 4 Objective: To provide the understanding needed by forest managers of soil forming processes, and the range of variation in soil type and how this affects soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics and forest productivity. It also aims to provide students with the knowledge to identify and map soil types, and maintain productive soils for plant growth. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Describe soil-forming processes and how they

are influenced by climate, landscape, organisms, relief, parent material and time;


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LO2. Demonstrate an awareness of the great variation in soil profiles and be able to identify and describe soil profiles;

LO3. Describe the types of soils commonly found in Papua New Guinea and their characteristics;

LO4. Understand and relate soil physical, chemical and biological properties to soil stability, water retention, plant health and availability of plant nutrients;

LO5. Discuss soil erosion processes and methods for control or prevention of erosion in forests managed for wood production;

LO6. Interpret and draw soil maps. Syllabus: Introduction to soil science. Soil classification and soil management. Soil genesis and soil forming processes. Study Land Forms and the general geology of New Guinea. Soil properties, Soil Chemistry, Plant nutrition, soil survey and mapping. Nature and components of soil; origins and formation of soil; basis of soil classification; soil chemistry; soil microbiology; mineralisation-immobilisation processes; nutrient cycling; mycorrhiza; actinorrhiza; root nodules; soil fertility; fertilizing; soil water relationships; tropical soils; soil surveys and mapping; soil disturbance; erosion processes and their control in the field. References: Fischer, R, F and Binkley, D. (2000) Ecology and

Management of Forest Soils (3rd ed.), John Willey and Sons Inc., USA.

Fitzpatrick, E.A., (1974). An Introduction to Soil Science. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburg.

Foth, H.H., (1990). Fundamentals of Soil Science (8th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Assessment:


FD 141 WOOD TECHNOLOGY Common credit: 9 Hours per week: 4 Objective: To relate the anatomy, structure, density, durability, dimensional shrinkages, strength and chemical

composition of wood as a raw material for various end uses. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject the students should be able to: LO1. Understand the anatomy of wood and the

basic cell types that compose the wood. LO2. Differentiate the cell types between softwood

and hardwood. LO3. Know the types of water in wood and their

dimensional shrinkages upon drying. LO4. Understand basic physical properties: natural

durability, strength and major chemical compositions of wood cells.

Syllabus: Primary and secondary growth in plants, wood formation: juvenile and mature wood, wood structures: macro and microscopic features, physical properties: wood/water relations, density, durability and mechanical strength; and chemical constituents. Dimensional shrinkages, density, durability and strength classifications for major timbers of PNG. Textbook: Hunt, I.S. (1977) Wood Structure and Properties.

Part 1. PNG Forestry College. References: Bowyer, J.L.; Schmulsky, R. &Haygreen, J.G.

(2007) Forest Products & Wood Science. An Introduction. 5thed. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. London.

Eddowes, P. (1977) Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea.Hebamo Press. Port Moresby.

Jane, W.F. (1987) The Structure of Wood. Panshin, A.J. & de Zeeuw, C. (1980) Textbook of

Wood Technology. McGraw Hill. New York. Suchsland, O. (2004) The Swelling and Shrinkage

of Wood. A practical technology primer. Forest Products Society. Madison, WI.

Tsoumis, G. (1991) Science and Technology of Wood. Structure, Properties & Utilization. Chapman & Hall. London.

Assessment: Continuous -50% Examination -50%


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FD 150: INDUSTRIAL SAFETY& FIRST AID Common credit: 3 Hours per week: 2 Objective: To provide basic training in diagnosing and performing basic first aid on the most commonly encountered workplace injuries accidents, likely to occur in the Forestry workplace, especially in the field. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Be proficient in diagnosing and applying

immediate first aid needs for commonly encountered workplace injuries;

LO2. Be familiar with common first aid supplies, basic equipment and their application;

LO3. Be able to position injured personnel to prevent further injury and transport them to the nearest aid post or hospital for further care.

Syllabus: Assessment & approach to an accident; responding to trauma and shock; treating wounds and bleeding; treating airway obstructions; treating fractures & broken bones, including fracture immobilisation; treating insect bites and stings; treating allergic and anaphylactic reactions; assessing and responding to head, spinal & back injuries; Treating burns and scalds; responding to unconsciousness; delivering cardio-pulmonary resuscitation; first aid equipment and supplies. References: Canterbury, D (2012) Wilderness First Aid: A

Waterproof Pocket Guide to Common Sense Self Care. Pathfinder Outdoor Survival Guide Series. Pathfinder Outdoor Survival Guide Series. Waterford Press; Fol. Pamphlet edition. 1 pp.

DK (2014) ACEP First Aid Manual, 5th ed.. American College of Emergency Physicians. 288 pp.

Hubbard, J (2013) Living Reading Pocket Manual - First Aid: Fundamentals for Survival. Living Ready. 192 pp.

Tilton, B (2010) Wilderness First Responder: How to Recognise, Treat and Prevent

Emergencies in the Backcountry. Falcon Guides. 3rd ed. 320 pp.

Werner, D. with C. Thuman& Jane Maxwell (2009). Where There Is No Doctor. A Village Health Care Handbook. Hesperian Foundation. 447 pp.

Textbooks: Resource Book articles from internet, as appropriate. Assessment:


FD 152: FOREST SURVEY THEORY AND

SKILLS I

Common credit: 13 Hours per week: 5 Prerequisites: Mathematics for Forestry I FD105, Mathematics for Forestry II FD106 Objectives: To introduce students to the role that surveying forests plays in providing the data for plans and maps to be drawn that are essential tools for foresters. To train students to prepare and interpret maps of forest types and locations, soil Pipes, road networks, water resources, settlements, land tenure and topography. To utilize practical exercises to teach students the use of surveying equipment. To train students in the translation of maps and plans to ground surfaces. To train students to achieve an acceptable level of competency in basic surveying skills, such that students can successfully integrate and apply those skills in other subjects and field exercises. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this unit, students should be able to: LO1. Read and interpret maps and map

information and select appropriate scales for maps and plans;

LO2. Perform the basic calculations (area, distance) needed to analyse data from maps and plans;

LO3. Show proficiency in the use of compasses,


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clinometers and survey chains; and describe the accuracy of various equipment and methods;

LO4. Show an awareness of the procedures used to map forests from aerial photos.

Syllabus: Map reading and interpretation; use of compass, clinometer, survey chain. Measurement of slope; correction for slope. Calculation of horizontal and slope distance; correction for error. Precision and accuracy. Drafting plans from survey data. Aerial photo interpretation.

References: Eaton, P., (1982). A Guide to Maps and Map

Reading in PNG. Training Manual for Forestry School, Forest

Surveying, Vol. 2 Wilson, R.J.P., (1983). Land Surveying. (Third

edition). .

Assessment: Continuous -50% Examination -50% FD 217: COMMERCIAL TREE

IDENTIFICATION Common credit: 9 Hours per week: 4 Objective: The subject extends the study of FD 115 Plant Morphology by focusing on the taxonomy and identification of commercial tree species. To provide students with skills that enables them to accurately identify commercial tree species of Papua New Guinea. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Identify commercial timber trees of PNG

using different tree characteristics such as the overall appearance of the trees and the structure of their bark, leaf, and wood;

LO2. Describe the tree morphology and botanical features of commercial trees in PNG;

LO3. Name commercial timber trees in PNG using the Family, Genus, Species and Common /

Trade Names; LO4. Understand and explain the differences in the

characters and relationship among the families of the commercial timber trees in PNG;

LO5. Use the herbarium to identify specimens of commercial timber trees of PNG;

Syllabus: Classification of trees, plants of angiosperms particularly commercial dicotyledons, exotic species of both gymnosperms and dicotyledons used in commercial plantations in PNG, botanical and ecological characteristics of commercial timber trees, characteristics of families of commercial timber trees, simple guide to commercial trees of PNG, commercial timber trees in sections 1 to 12, keys for families and genera of commercial timber trees, species groups and codes for log export used by forestry and industries in PNG. References: Beentje, H. (2010). The Kew Plant Glossary: An

Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew.

Gledhill, D. (2008). The Names of Plants. 4th ed. Cambridge Univ. Press.

Johns, R.J. (1976). Common Trees of PNG, Training Manual for Forestry College.


Forman, L., and Bridson, D. (1989). The Herbarium Handbook. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.

Peekel, P.G. (1984). Flora of the Bismarck Archipelago. Translated by E.E. Henty, Office of Forest, Division of Botany, Lae, PNG.

Vendcourt, (1989). Legumes of New Guinea PNG Forest Research Institute. PNGPlants Database. Textbooks: Havel, J. J. (1975). Training Manual – Forest

Botany Part 2 Botanical Taxonomy. Havel, J. J. (1975). Training Manual – Forest

Botany Part 2 Terminology. Assessment:

Continuous -50%


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Examination -50% FD 218: FOREST PLANT IDENTIFICATION Common credit: 12 Hours per week: 6 Prerequesites: FD217 Commercial Tree Identification Objective: This subject aims to extend further from the study of FD 217 (Commercial Tree Identification) by providing thorough understanding of the characteristics of non-commercial trees and shrubs whilst providing students with skills that enable them to accurately identify non-commercial trees and shrubs of Papua New Guinea. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Identify forest plants of PNG using plant

characteristics such as the overall appearance of the plants and the morphological features (plant parts);

LO2. Describe the forest plants and their morphological features;

LO3. Use rules of scientific nomenclature to correctly name forest plants using the Family, Genus and Species names;

LO4. Understand and explain the differences in the characters and relationship among the families of forest plants in PNG;

LO5. Use the herbarium to identify specimens of forest plants of PNG;

LO6. Use dichotomous plant keys to identify unknown specimens of forest plants in future;

LO7. Synthesize, write and publicly present information about forest plants.

Syllabus: Introduction, classification and principles of plant identification, plants of gymnosperms and angiosperms particularly shrubs and other non commercial trees, exotic species of both gymnosperms and dicotyledons in PNG, botanical and ecological characteristics of forest plants, the

families and their distribution, dichotomous keys to families and genera of forest plants of PNG. References: Beentje, H. (2010). The Kew Plant Glossary: An

Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew.

Conn, J.B. (1995). Handbooks of the Flora of PNG, Volume 3.

Gledhill, D. (2008). The Names of Plants. 4th ed.. Cambridge University Press.

Henty, E.E. (1981). Handbooks of the Flora of PNG, Volume 2.


Forman, L. and Bridson, D. (1989). The Herbarium Handbook. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.

Peekel, P.G. (1984). Flora of the Bismarck Archipelago. Translated by E.E. Henty, Office of Forest, Division of Botany, Lae, PNG.

PNG FRI website. PNG Plants Database. Vendcourt, (1989). Legumes of New Guinea. Womersley, S.J. (1978). Handbooks of the

Flora of PNG, Volume 1. Assessment:


FD237: PLANTATION SILVICULTURE I Common credit: 9 Hours per week: 4 Objective: To gain an understanding of the techniques and ideas which have evolved to enable sound management of forest plantations on a sustained yield basis. Also to gain knowledge of use of seeds as important propagules for plantation development. To appreciate the value of forest nursery for seedling production. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Describe relevance of silviculture and


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practices in forest plantation. LO2. List methods and procedures for seed

collection for major tree species used in plantation development in PNG.

LO3. Explain major processes for tree species selection for forest plantation.

LO4. Identify practices and operation of forest nursery

Syllabus: Importance of plantations in the tropics. Plantation forestry in Papua New Guinea and South Pacific. Plantations and natural forest compared and contrasted. Choice of species. Tree seed characteristics and treatment. Nursery management and practice. References: Evans, J., 1992. Plantation Forestry in the

Tropics, 2nd Ed., ELBS, Oxford Textbooks: Romijn, K., 1986. Plantation silviculture. Training

Manual No.18. PNG Forestry College Bulolo. Assessment:


FD238: PLANTATION SILVICULTURE II Common credit: 13 Hours per week: 5 Objective: To enable students to have an understanding of the principles and practices of the development and management of plantation with trees of best genetic traits forest plantations. Also to gain an understanding of other plant propagation techniques and the use silviculture practices in other land uses. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. List operations of forest plantation

establishment and maintenance LO2. Design plantation into compartments LO3. Identify processes for monitoring forest

plantation

LO4. Explain modification of plantation to other land uses

LO5. Describe ecological effects of forest plantation

LO6. Describe practices and principles of tree breeding and tree improvements

LO7. List other methods of plant propagation

Syllabus: Plantation establishment - site selection and preparation, planting, fertilizing, tending, thinning, pruning; coppice stands. Stand development and rotation length. Modifications to normal silvicultural practice especially agro forestry, forest grazing, fuelwood, rehabilitation and reclamation. Ecological effects of plantation and overcoming problems with their management on a sustainable basis. Principles of tree improvement; phenotype and genotypic variation in trees, selection of plus trees, multiplication in seed orchards. Vegetative methods of propagation including cutting, grafting and tissue culture. References: Evans, J., 1992. Plantation Forestry in the Tropics,

2nd Ed., ELBS, Oxford. Textbooks: Romijn, K., 1986. Plantation silviculture – Training

Manual No.18. PNG Forestry College Bulolo. Assessment:


FD 241: WOOD IDENTIFICATION, SEASONING AND PRESERVATION Common credit: 9 Hours per week: 4 Prerequisites: FD 141 Wood Science Objectives: To describe anatomical structures of wood use the same features to identify the timber species. Also, understand rationale for seasoning wood prior to utilization and preservative treatments of wood to enhance durability against biological agents.


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Learning Outcomes: LO1. Use macro and microscopic features to

identify commercial timbers and lesser-known timber species of PNG.

LO2. Understand the reasons for drying timbers, familiarize with drying degrades, determine moisture content and know the various drying processes.

LO3. Familiar with kiln drying schedules of major commercial timbers of PNG.

LO4. Relates natural durability with biodegradation, biological agents that destroy wood and their mode of attack.

LO5. Know the roles of wood preservation, processes of treatment and different chemical preservatives used commercially.

Syllabus: Describe macro and microscopic features of wood including lesser-known timber species and use the same features for wood identification; rationale for drying timbers, industrial drying processes; timber grading and racketing, drying degrades and kiln schedules for commercial timbers. Role of wood preservation; wood biodeterioration and degrading agents, pressure and non-pressure treatment practices including treatment applicable for rural community; permeable and non-permeable timber classification of major timbers of PNG, PNG Wood Preservation Standards. Textbooks: Oteng-Amoako, A.A. (1990) Macroscopic Wood

Identification Manual. PNG Forest Research Institute. Lae.

Hunt, I.S. (1977) Wood Preservation Manual. Part II. PNG Forestry College.

Ebdon, P. (2000) Wood Drying. CDI Dossiers, Oxford, UK.

References: Bowyer, J.L.; Schmulsky, R. &Haygreen, J.G.

(2007) Forest Products & Wood Science. An Introduction. 5th ed.. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. London.

Eaton, R.A. & Hale, M.D.C. (1993) Wood Decay, Pest and Protection. Chapman & Hall. London.

Eddowes, P. (1977) Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea.Hebamo Press. Port Moresby.

Hoadley, R.B. (2000) Understanding Wood. A Craftman’s Guide to Wood Technology. The Taunton Press.

Richardson, B.A. (1993) Wood Preservation.

Chapman & Hall. London Assessment: Continuous -50% Examination: -50% FD242: TIMBER PROCESSING AND TIMBER PRODUCT INDUSTRIES Common credit: 12 Hours per week: 4 Prerequisites: FD 141 Wood Science; FD 241 Wood Identification, Seasoning & Preservation Objectives: Introduce to industrial processes of converting round wood into primary and secondary products; wood composites and engineered products. Also, learn processing of logs using small portable sawmills. Further, understand the value-adding technologies applied to wood products to improve quality. Learning Outcomes: LO1. Understand wood as a raw material for a

range of forest products. LO2. Comprehensive understanding of conversion

of logs: primary & secondary manufacturing processes to develop different finish products and processing industries.

LO3. Learn small-scale log processing technique using portable sawmill.

LO4. Planning and designing small to medium scale industrial processing units.

LO5. Know industrial wastes, and their possibility of utilization and value-add technologies.

Syllabus: Primary and secondary processing industries, log conversion systems, wood products: lumber & wood composites/panels, engineered panel products; furniture components and industries. Technologies in maximizing recovery rates in mills and minimizing wastes. Wood adhesives, overlays & finishes. Small-scale sawmill operation and management; mill refuse/waste utilization and value-add technologies. Textbooks: Timber & Forestry College (2013) Small Sawmill

Operation & Timber Products. USDA Wood Handbook (1987) Wood as an


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Engineering Material. US Department of Agriculture.

References: Davim, J.P. (ed.) (2012). Wood and Wood

Products. Materials & Manufacturing Technology. Nava Science Publishers Inc. New York.

Bowyer, J.L.; Schmulsky, R. &Haygreen, J.G. (2007) Forest Products & Wood Science. An Introduction. 5th Edit. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. London.

Bucur, V. (2001) Delamination in Wood Products & Wood-based Composites. String Publication.

Hoadley, R.B. (2000) Understanding Wood. A Craftman’s Guide to Wood Technology. The Taunton Press.

Tsoumis, G. (1991) Science & Technology of Wood. Structure, Properties, Utilization. Chapman & Hall.

USDA Wood Handbook (1987) Wood as an Engineering Material. US Department of Agriculture.

Walker, J.C.F. (1993) Primary Wood Processing. Principles and Practices. Chapman & Hall. London.

Assessment: Continuous -40% Examination -60% FD 253: FOREST SURVEY THEORY AND

SKILLS II

Common credit: 13 Hours per week: 5 Prerequisites: Mathematics for Forestry I FD105, Mathematics for Forestry II FD106 Objectives: To introduce students to the role that surveying forests plays in providing the data for plans and maps to be drawn that are essential tools for foresters. To utilize practical exercises to teach students the use of surveying equipment. To train students in the translation of maps and plans to ground surfaces. To train students to achieve an acceptable level of competency in basic surveying skills, such that students can successfully integrate

and apply those skills in other subjects and field exercises. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this unit, students should be able to: LO1. Understand the basic surveying principles

and produce maps/plans to a acceptable accuracy level.

LO2. Perform the basic calculations (area, distance) needed to analyze data from maps and plans;

LO3. Organize a field crew to complete a basic chain and compass survey in a forest environment, and carry out closed traverses using standard recording systems in a survey book.

LO4. Show proficiency in the use of GPS as a data collection tool for other applications in GIS.

Syllabus: Closed and open surveys; organizing a chain survey gang; use of compass, clinometer, survey chain. Measurement of slope; correction for slope. Recording data in a standard survey book. Calculation of horizontal and slope distance; correction for error. Precision and accuracy. Drafting plans from survey data. Introduction to GPS and Data collection using GPS

References: Eaton, P., (1982). A Guide to Maps and Map

Reading in PNG. Training Manual for Forestry School, Forest

Surveying, Vol. 2. Wilson, R.J.P., (1983). Land Surveying. (3'd

edition).

Assessment: Continuous -50% Examination -50% FD 265: FOREST MEASUREMENT I Common credit: 9 Hours per week: 4 Objective: For effective forest management, foresters need to measure trees and forests to assess the resource.This subject aims to enhance student


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understanding and appreciation of the need for quantitative data based on accurate measurements. The subject will cover measurement of single tree parameters such as height, diameter and basal area, and the calculation of stand variables such as predominant height, volume, and growth rate. All students must demonstrate competency in specified field techniques. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject the students should be able to: LO1. Describe basic tree geometry, stem form and

taper, and know the various methods for accurately measuring and calculating volume, height, diameter and basal area for individual trees, and stands;

LO2. Measure tree and stand parameters in the field, record the data accurately, and process it to derive stand variables;

LO3. Use volume tables and stand tables and tree regression equation to compute tree volume;

LO4. Recognise the accuracy level possible for various pieces of equipment and methods of computation.

LO5. Be competent in the use of different instruments used for measurements.

Syllabus: Tree geometry: stem form and taper. Measuring tree dimensions: diameter, dbh, bark thickness, height, basal area, volume; crown dimensions. Theory and practice of measuring a stand: top height/predominant height, basal area, stand volume, site index; crown cover. Measuring a forest: stand tables, volume tables. Establish field plots; record data; draw maps; use of different measuring instruments. References: Bertram, H., T. W. Beers, and J. A. Kershaw Jr.

(2003). Forest Mensuration, 4th ed. Wiley & Sons, New Jersey.

West, P. W. (2009). Tree and Forest Measurement. 2nd ed. Springer, Berlin.

Philip, M.S., (1994). Measuring Trees and Forests. CAB International.


FD266: FOREST MEASUREMENT II Common credit: 13 Hours per week: 5 Objective: For effective forest management, foresters need to measure logs and assess its value as an important resource.This subject aims to enhance student understanding and appreciation of the need for quantitative data based on accurate measurements. The subject will cover measurement of single log parameters such as length, and diameter, and the calculation of variables such as basal area and volumes. All students must demonstrate competency in specified field techniques and computation. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject the students should be able to: LO1. Measure diameters and length of logs using

measuring devices competently; LO2. Applying different log scaling formulas and

rules for scaling logs; LO3. Compute log volumes using different

formulas such as Newton, Huber’s and Smalian’s.

LO4. Apply Brereton Scaling rules and method to measure logs which is sanctioned by PNG Government for timber industry application.

LO5. Identify different log defects and calculate defect volumes;

LO6. Calculate log values in respect to timber royalties, export pricing and levies.

Syllabus: Measuring dimensions of tree stems or logs: diameter, bark thickness and length. Calculation of basal area, and volume. Theory and practice of measuring and recording of data of a tree stem or logs. Measure log defects and calculating defect volume, basal area, and net volume of log by applying different scaling formula. Use of different measuring instruments: References: Bertram, H., T. W. Beers, and J. A. Kershaw Jr.

(2003) Forest Mensuration, 4th edition. Wiley & Sons, New Jersey.

Philip, M.S., (1994) Measuring Trees and Forests. CAB International.

West, P. W. (2009) Tree and Forest Measurement. 2nd edition. Springer, Berlin.


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Assessment: Continuous -60% Examination -40% FD 271: FOREST INVENTORY Common credit: 9 Hours per week: 4 Objective: To instruct students in good practices of designing a forest inventory and implementing basic inventories of tree and timber resources in natural forests and plantations. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Plan an inventory of natural forest and

plantation; LO2. Determines how sampling units are selected

from the population and what statistical estimation procedure should be applied to make inferences from the sample;

LO3. Conduct a forest inventory in the field; and to equip them with the knowledge and skills.

LO4. Processing of inventory data and interpretation of the results.

LO5. Use inventory information to estimate the volume of standing timber and the size class (diameter class) distribution, and describe how it can be further used to create volume and yield tables;

LO6. Undertake all the measurements, surveying, drafting and mapping required to prepare a timber harvesting plan;

LO7. Produce a harvesting plan for a logging setup in a nominated forest compartment, showing the location of access roads, skid trails and log landings, such that it complies with the Papua New Guinea Logging Code of Practice.

Syllabus: Sampling theory: random, stratified, multiphase and systematic sampling. Sampling units: strip, plot and sampling. Field measurements; processing of field data. Forest inventory in Papua New Guinea. B. Planning the timber harvest: scheduling the design, construction and maintenance of logging roads, skid trails and log landings. Site survey of logging set-ups; traversing access roads and skid

trails; locating landings. Preparing the harvesting plan References: Henning, J.G. and Mercker, D.C., (n.d.)

http://www.utextension.utk.edu/4/12/2014 Lackman, S., (2011) Good Practice in Designing a Forest Inventory, Coalition of Rainforest Nations, Quito. Ecuador. PNG Forest Authority (1996) PNG Logging Code

of Practice.


FD 273: FOREST ECOLOGY AND FOREST INDUSTRY FIELD STUDY

Common credit: 6 Hours per week: 4 Objective: To understand the distribution, floristic composition of lowland rainforest and mangrove forest communities and appreciate the biodiversity values, as well as to observe and understand the industrial processing facility that converts round log into valuable products. [The course utilises the facilities and forests of Kau Wildlife Area in Madang] Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1: better understand the floristic composition,

structure of lowland rain forest community. LO2: understand the dynamics of natural lowland

rain forest. LO3: Expand the knowledge of tree identification. LO4: Identify lowland and mangrove forest plant. LO5: Appreciate values of lowland rainforeat

biodiversity. LO6: Expand the knowledge in wood technology

to observe downstream processing of logs into timber products and observe application of value-adding technologies.


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Syllabus: Forest dynamics, PSP plot establishment and assessment techniques, tree identification skills using field characters, biodiversity survey techniques, downstream and value adding processes. References: Schmulsky, R. &Haygreen, J.L. (2007) Forest Products & Wood Science. An Introduction. 5th ed. Blackwell Publishing. Oxford. Textbook: Field Training Manual for Forest Ecology and Dendrology Assessment:

Continuous -100% FD 281: FOREST ECOLOGY Common credit: 9 Hours per week: 4 Objective: To create and understanding that knowledge of the ecosystems is essential for sound management of the forest resources. This subject builds on a study of the interactions that occur between plants, animals and the environment, and the ways in which these interactions affect the distribution and abundance of plant and animal communities in Papua New Guinea. Students are introduced to the concept of ecology as a basis for sustainable forest management. A number of field practices are carried out so that students can see first-hand, various ecological processes found in PNG forests. As preparation for effective problem-solving in ecology and other disciplines, students are given an intensive introduction to scientific method analysis in this course. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Describe how various factors (biotic and

abiotic) such as topography, climate, soils and organisms affect distribution, abundance and structure of plant communities.

LO2. Discuss process of ecological succession and

how forest types recover after disturbance. LO3. Explain the origins, distribution, structure and

floristics of Papua New Guinea forest communities.

LO4. Demonstrate an understanding of the impacts that various land uses, natural events and disturbances have on forest ecosystems.

LO5. Describe energy flow in a community through the use of food webs and food pyramids.

LO6. Summarize key features of the primary life history strategy classfication systems;

LO7. Become familiar main flower and seed/fruit characteristics for principle pollination and seed dispersal syndromes.

LO8. Demonstrate an understanding of the impacts that various land uses, natural events and disturbances have on forest ecosystems.

Syllabus: Scientific method & its application to ecology; regions & ecosystems; community ecology; Tropical habitats; PNG forest types; tree growth form; forest dynamics; gap ecology; vegetation succession; life history strategies; abiotic interactions, including plant phenology and stress; biotic interactions, including invasive species ecology, mutualistic interactions, pollination ecology, seed dispersal ecology; Competitive & predatory interactions, including herbivory; food webs & production ecology; Biochemical cycling, including nitrogen & carbon cycles. Ecology as a management tool. References: Deshmukh, (1986). Ecology and Tropical Biology. Ghazoul, J & D. Sheil (2010). Tropical Rain

Forest Ecology, Diversity, and Conservation. Oxford Univ. Press.

Osborne, P. L. (2000). Tropical Ecosystems and Ecological Concepts. Cambridge Univ. Press.

Paijmans, K., (Ed.), (1976). New Guinea Vegetation. CSIRO and ANU Press, Canberra.

Primack, R & R. Corlett (2005). Tropical Rain Forests. An Ecological and Biogeographical Comparison. Blackwell Publishing.

Saunders, J.C., (1993). Forest Resources of Papua New Guinea: map with explanatory notes, PNGRIS

Publ. 2, AIDAB, Canberra. Smith, T.M. & RL. (2009). Elements of Ecology.


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Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco. 7thed.. Whitmore, T.C. (1998). An Introduction to

Tropical Rain Forests. Oxford Univ. Press. 2nd ed.

Whitmore, 1986. Tropical Rain Forests of the Far East.

Assessment:


FD286: COMMUNICATION & NEGOTIATION Common credit: 10 Hours per week: 3 Prerequisite: FD 101 English for Forestry 1 Objective: To provide students with the background to land ownership issues in Papua New Guinea and the South Pacific, and develop the skills needed for effective communication with landowners and the community-at-large. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Describe the nature of land tenure in Papua

New Guinea and the South Pacific, and the problems associated with traditional ownership of land;

LO2. Communicate effectively with landowners and community groups such as Landowner Companies and Incorporated Land Groups, and other landowner associations to establish logging agreements;

LO3. Demonstrate knowledge of how to negotiate timber purchases, resolve conflicts, and provide information for community consultation processes;

LO4. Demonstrate awareness of the responsibility of professionals to provide correct and accurate information and objective advice to community groups and the community at large.

Syllabus: Land ownership in Papua New Guinea and the South Pacific; technical communication, conflict resolution, community education; professional ethics and responsibilities. References: Crocombe, R. (ed.) (1987). Land Tenure in the

Pacific. University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji.

Papua New Guinea Legislation: Communication for Development, complied and supplied by the Department, Mining Act; Petroleum Act.

Constitution of the Independent state of Papua New Guinea.

Assessment:


FD 292: BUSINESS SKILLS Common credit: 11 Hours per week: 3 Objectives: To understand different business operations in PNG, laws and regulations governing business. Also, demonstrate basic office management skills, prepare annual budgets and work plans, tenders, and quotes. Further, different simple and compound interests. Learning Outcomes: LO1. Familiarize with different types of businesses

operating in the country and regulations/laws governing the business companies.

LO2. Review balance sheets to understand the financial situation of a company, monitor costs and revenues for simple operation and develop business plans.

LO3. Prepare quotes, tenders, requests for payment, an annual budget and a plan of works

LO4. Demonstrate basic office skills such as filing, using telephone directories and operating a fax machine.

LO5. Explain the principles of simple and compound interest and the effects they have on loans and investments made.


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Syllabus: Introduction to types of business in PNG, relevant legislation, communication models. Corporate laws. Budget and expenditure reports, evaluation of quotes and tenders. Filing, telephone techniques, using telephone directory, fax machines, emails. Interest rates, compounding and discounting. Developing a simple business plan. Textbook: Hartcourt, A.V. (1998) Commerce and

Development in Papua New Guinea. 2nd edit. Longman. Chesire, Melbourne.

References: O’Neal, E. & Wheeler, B. (1994) Business Practices in Papua New Guinea. Dellasta. Melbourne. O’Neal, E. & Wheeler, B. (1995) Accounting in

Melanesia. Dellasta. Melbourne. Tashjian, P.C. (1989) Business Organizations in

Papua New Guinea. Law Book Co. Ltd, Brisbane.

Assessment: Continuous -50% Examination -50% FD 301: INDUSTRIAL WORK PLACEMENT Common credit: 24 Hours per week: 16 Objectives: This is a 5 week long industrial work placement in the Bulolo plantations (PNG Forest Authority) that rotates students at weekly intervals to carry out different types of work under supervision and evaluation by PNGFA supervisors. [for degree students only. Diploma students achieve this experience through multiple courses] Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Appreciate the challenges of forestry

work in the field;

LO2. Understand and be able to apply daily planning and organizing of activities;

LO3. Have basic skills and knowledge of the various forestry activities which are carried out on a day-to-day basi;.

LO3. Develop into better supervisors in their forestry career, having done the kinds of hands-on work that forestry workers they might supervise would engage in daily.

Syllabus: Silviculturalactivities; nursery operations; forest establishment; forest inventory and survey, fire and roading; monitoring of logging operations; forestry research and experimental design. Assessment:

Continuous -100% FD 303: INDUSTRIAL FORESTRY Common Credit: 3 Hours per week:2 Prerequisites:FD 242 Timber Processing & Timber Products Industries; FD 266 Forest Measurement II; FD 343 Timber Harvesting [Offered only to Year 3 Degree students based at Bulolo] Objectives: To learn the skills in supervising native forest and plantation logging operations in accordance with approved Forest Working Plans and PNG Logging Code Practice (1996) with minimum environmental damages. And to understand the industrial processes involved in converting logs as raw materials into different finish products to meet timber market demands. Learning Outcomes: LO1. Demonstrate familiarity with Key Standards

and PNG Logging Code of Practice and Plantation Harvesting Code (Bulolo Pine Project) for monitoring and controlling of harvesting operations;

LO2. Recognize principles of environmental protection and their relevance in PNG, inspect and evaluate logging operation in the field in compliance with the code;


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LO3. Scale and grade logs according to classes, volume determination based on measurements of diameter and lengths and weigh-bridge, log revenue and stumpage payments;

LO4: Observe various industrial processes of log conversion systems for various wood products (lumber, veneer/plywood, treated products, engineered product like finger-jointed lumber & bridge).

Syllabus: Key Standards, PNG Logging Code of Practice, environmental impact, erosion control, buffer zones, residual stand protection, directional felling, skidding damages, waste assessment. Inspection and evaluation of logging operations. Log scaling and grading and species identification, conversion of weight into volume for plantation logs. Industrial log processing techniques applied for converting logs into semi-finish to finish products. Textbook: PNG Forestry Authority (1996) Natural Forest Logging Monitoring & Control Log Book. PNG Forest Authority, Port Moresby. References: Bulolo Pine Project (2015) Plantation Harvesting

Guidelines. PNG Forest Authority. Draft. PNG Forest Authority & Department of

Environment & Conservation (1996) PNG Logging Code of Practice. PNG Forest Authority. Port Moresby.

PNG Forest Authority (1985) Planning, Monitoring and Control Procedures for Natural Forest Logging Operations under Timber Permit. PNG Forest Authority. Port Moresby.

Assessment: Continuous Assessment -50% Final Examination -50% FD 311: TIMBER HARVESTING Common credit: 15 Hours per week: 5 Prerequisites: FD 237 Forest Plantation SilvicultureI; FD238 Forest Plantation Silviculture II.

Objectives: To introduce students to the need for careful planning and execution of timber harvesting so as to avoid environmental damage and promote regeneration. [This is a 2 week block course taken by Degree students only. Diploma students achieve these learning outcomes through multiple diploma courses.]

Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Supervise forest harvesting operations

consistent with the Papua New Guinea Logging Code of Practice;

LO2. Carry out tree marking to achieve silvicultural objectives, and supervise directional felling to prevent damage to the residual stand;

LO3. Describe the various stages of harvesting: stump operations, extraction methods, landing operations, trucking and log reception at mill or log pond;

LO4. List the various kinds of harvesting machinery, including ground based and aerial equipment, and discuss their capabilities, relative costs, limitations and occupational health and safety considerations;

LO5. Discuss the financial and engineering constraints to harvesting, and utiliseengineering skills to minimise and/or correct environmental damage;

LO6. Outline the environmental impact of timber harvesting, and supervise the implementation of control procedures and ameliorative practices;

LO7. Be able to successfully implement environmentally sound timber harvesting practices, and supervise efficient harvesting operations consistent with the Papua New Guinea Logging Code of Practice.

Syllabus: Role of timber harvesting in the forest production cycle, engines and machines used in harvesting, wire ropes, tree felling


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operations and tools, systems of log movement from stump to road, log extraction with tractors, cable yarding, skylines and high lead systems, fully mechanisedtimber harvesting. Loading and log transportation, log handling in log yards, mills and harbours. Wood conversion in the forest as part of the harvesting operation; small scale timber felling and processing. Environmental protection, erosion control measures, non-wood values. Safety procedures and practices in timber harvesting, practical aspects of the use and maintenance of logging equipment. Principles and practice of tree marking in rainforest and plantations. Application and productivity of different harvesting systems; minimising waste. Planning and managing a harvesting operation; physical, legislative, engineering and financial constraints; maintaining environmental standards. Textbook: PNG Forest Authority & PNG Department of

Environment and Conservation, (1996). Papua New Guinea Logging Code of Practice.

FD 338: NATURAL FOREST SILVICULTURE Common credit: 15 Hours per week: 6 Prerequisites: FD 281 Forest Ecology, FD 237 Plantation Silviculture Objective: This course is designed to apply the principles established in FD 281 and FD237 to the silviculture of native forests. The main objective is to enable students to develop an appropriate silvicultural plan for a nominated forest type. It also aims to explain how silvicultural concepts may be related to the Papua New Guinea Logging Code of Practice. and to show how timber harvesting may be used as a silvicultural tool.

Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Understand the role of disturbance -

natural and man-induced - in the ecology and management of native forests;

LO2. Describe how the ecological requirements of species influence the choice of silvicultural systems;

LO3. Apply the knowledge and skills acquired in a field situation, by demonstrating the ability to treemark for election logging so as to encourage regeneration of desirable tree species, and minimise damage to the residual stand.

Syllabus: Succession and productivity; role and management of disturbance. Relationship between harvesting and silviculture: shelterwood systems; canopy retention harvesting methods; polycyclic selection logging. Tree marking as a silvicultural tool. The PNG Logging Code of Practice. References: PNG Forest Authority & PNG Department of

Environment and Conservation (1996).Papua New Guinea Logging Code of Practice.

Whitmore T.C., (1988). Tropical Rainforests of the Far East.Oxford Science Pubs.

Textbooks: Hilton, G.H., (1984). Manual of Silviculture

for the Indigenous Forests of Papua New Guinea. PNG University of Technology.

McKinty, M.H., (1999). Silviculture of Mixed Tropical Forests, Department of forestry, Unitech, Lae.

Assessment:


FD 343 TIMBER HARVESTING Common credit: 9 Hours per week: 4


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Prerequisites:FD 253 Forest Surveying II; FD 396 Forest Engineering; FD 392 Forest Planning & Management; FD 338 Natural Forest Silviculture; FD 345 Chainsaw & Tree Felling Objectives: To supervise forest harvesting operations in consistent with PNG Logging Code of Practice. Also, understand silvicultural practices, supervise directional tree felling to prevent damage to residuals; various stages of harvesting (stump operation & extraction) and occupational health safety considerations. Further, discuss financial and engineering constraints to harvesting, using engineering skills to minimize or correct environmental damages and implement environmentally sound timber harvesting practices. Learning Outcomes: LO1. Become sufficiently proficient with PNG

Logging Code of Practice to apply it when supervising forest logging operations in accordance with the code.

LO2. Describe various stages of harvesting: stump operations, extractions methods (ground-base and aerial), landing operations, hauling and unloading at mill sites or log ponds.

LO3. Be able to recognise various kinds of roading/logging machineries, their functions, capabilities and relative costs.

LO4. Discuss the financial and engineering constraints to harvesting and utilize engineering skills to minimize or correct environmental damages.

LO5. Outline the environmental impact of timber harvesting and supervise implementation of control procedures.

Syllabus: Roles of timber harvesting in the forest production cycle, engines and machines used in harvesting, ropes, tree felling operations and tools, system of log movement of stumps to landing/road, log extractions with tractors, cable yarding, skylines and high lead systems, partially mechanized and fully mechanized timber harvesting, loading, unloading and log transportation, log handling in yards, mills and log ponds. Environmental protection, erosion control measures, non-wood values. Safety procedures and practices in timber harvesting, practical aspects of the use and maintenance of logging equipment. Principles and practice of tree marking in rainforest and

plantations. Application and productivity of different harvesting operations: physical, legislative, engineering and financial constraints, maintaining environmental standards. References: Conway, (1976) Logging Practice: Principles of

Timber Harvesting Systems. FAO (1974) Logging and Log Transport in

Tropical High Forests. PNG Forest Authority & Department of

Environment & Conservation (1996) Papua New Guinea Logging Code of Practice.

Textbooks: Timber & Forestry Training College (2013) Log

Scaling Manual PNG Forest Authority (1996) Log Identification

and Scaling Manual. Assessment: Continuous -50% Examination -50% FD345: TREE FELLING AND CHAINSAW

TECHNOLOGY Common credit: 6 Hours per week: 2 Prerequisites: FD338 Natural Forest Silviculture Objectives: To learn the skills of handling chainsaw as a machine/tool to perform directional tree felling in accordance with PNG Logging Code of Practice. Also, prepare logs for scaling and utilization purposes. Further, effective supervision of chainsaw operators and observe safety standards. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO 1. Understand the concept of tree felling

observing felling direction in accordance with Key Standards.

LO2. Learn the skill in handling a chainsaw as a machine/tool to use for tree felling. The components/accessories of the chainsaw and the basic maintenance of the machine,

LO3. Know the skills of preparatory techniques involved in performing bucking, delimbing


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and topping operations correctly to make logs as commodity for scaling and utilization.

LO4. Observation of safety gears and safety standards associated with use of chainsaw for tree felling in logging operations and effective supervision of chainsaw operators in the logging operation.

Syllabus: Chainsaw as a tree felling machine/tool, chainsaw components/accessories and their functions. Application of Key Standards described in PNG Logging Code of Practice in relation to tree felling as part of timber harvesting operation. Correct procedures in starting and handling chainsaw, ratio of mixing fuel is to two stroke-oil and general maintenance of the chainsaw. Effective supervision of chainsaw operators in the logging industry. Safety gears and procedures expected in the tree felling operation to achieve a high standard. Textbook: Timber & Forestry Training College. Manual in

Chainsaw Operation and Tree Felling. TFTC. Lae.

References: Timber & Forestry Training College (2013) Manual

in Chainsaw Operation and Tree Felling. TFTC. Lae.

Farmset (2014) Chainsaw Operation Manual. UMW (2014) Chainsaw Operation Manual. Assessment: Continuous -60% Examination -40% FD 351: HIGHLANDS COMMUNITY

FORESTRY Common credit: 6 Hours per week: 4 Objective: To provide students with the practical exposure to confidently work with highlands resource owning communities in Papua New Guinea, particularly in the areas of community forestry and associated extension activities, agroforestry and communication and negotiation. [This is a 2 week field trip taken in semester

break and overlapping into the last week of the first half-semester; missed regular classes will be made up] Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Advise and work with highlands

communities on community forestry projects;

LO2. Critically analysis the importance and meaning of community participation, including the difference between community-based versus community-driven activities, as key to sustainability.

LO3. Produce a comprehensive final field report covering the various activities observed and done during the trip.

Syllabus: Social Aspect of community and land use ownership of land and trees; management of land use system; planning and extension programs; project planning and implementation; successes and failures of community based forestry projects. Textbooks: Course Field Manual Assessment:

Continuous -100% ( Written Report) FD 365: MULTI-PURPOSE FOREST INVENTORY FIELD TRAINING Common credit: 9 Hours per week: 4 (2 weeks block course) Prerequisites:

FD 252 Forest Survey Theory &Skills I; FD253 Forest Survey Theory & Skills II;

Objectives: To involve students in undertaking the kind of forest inventory that will be mandated by the PNG Forest Authority under the United Nations REDD+ protocol. This not only requires


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inventory of tree and timber resources, but also selected non-timber resources and local biodiversity. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1: Be able to establish plots and protocols

related to multi-purpose forest inventory Be able to estimate harvestable volume. LO2. Be able to estimate tree regeneration. LO3. Be able to assess and properly record data

related to non-wood forest products. LO4. Be able to assess and properly record data

related to local forest biological diversity, with emphasis on forest plants.

. Data collected in this subject may be used for analyses in the degree programme FR488 (Forest Management Planning II). Syllabus: Pre-survey planning; assessment survey; post- survey collation of data; computation of the harvestable volume of timber (and non-timber produce). Regeneration surveys. Non-timber products. Bird, mammal, and insect surveys (variable, depending on year and availability of local expertise). Assessment:

Continuous - 100% (Students will be assessed according to the quality of their input and the results from allocated projects).

FD383: FOREST BIODIVERSITY Common credit: 9 Hours per week: 4 Prerequisites: FD281 Forest Ecology; FD115 Plant Morphology & Systematics Objective: To develop an appreciation of PNG’s world class biodiversity treasure, with a focus on the living species of forest habitats; a knowledge base of what

biodiversity is and what factors relate to exceptionally species-rich areas, what threatens biodiversity today (especially in PNG), and what approaches exist for sustainably managing PNG’s biological diversity. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Understand the concept of biological diversity

in forests, and appreciate the need for its conservation; and teach it, as appropriate, to PNG audiences;

LO2. Describe the nature of PNG’s exceptional biodiversity treasure, and what plant and animal groups are especially unique;

LO3. Undertake population surveys of plants and animals and make collections of representative specimens, and monitor and quantify threats to species and population survival;

LO4. Develop strategies and plans by which a PNG forest’s biodiversity can be better secured and managed for the benefit of present and future generations.

Syllabus: Recognize wildlife as an important resource. Create understanding that forest is home to rich biological diversity. This course is delivered in two components: A. Introduction to biological diversity; role of education in biodiversity; history of global biodiversity; global & PNG biodiversity hotspots & their designation; 6th biodiversity extinction (crisis); impact of invasive species on biodiversity; biodiversity benefits & values; non-timber forest products & biodiversity; Role of keystone, flagship, indicator & foundation species in biodiversity; history of conservation; biodiversity protection options for PNG, including protected areas; integrated conservation & development approach, including role of incentives, lessons learnt from past projects; strategies for interacting with local communities for biodiversity protection; biodiversity credits & trading; bioprospecting, threats and obstacles to conservation of ecosystems, communities, species and genes; rare and endangered species. Biological, social and economic impact of conservation areas. Conservation status of species in Papua New Guinea and the South Pacific; impacts of humans


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on wildlife. Wildlife assessment techniques, data recording, censuring techniques for birds, plants, mammals, insects and other animals; collection and preservation of biological materials; animal marking. B. Biodiversity Surveys, including Rapid Assessments; Parataxonomy&parataxonomists; Collection, preservation & roles of plant, insect & vertebrate voucher specimens; Role of university & museum biological collections; naming species; biodiversity indices and their utilization; biodiversity indicators; BUC biodiversity survey protocol. References: Department of Environment and Conservation.

[DEC], (1993). Papua New Guinea Conservation Needs Assessment, Vol.1 and 2.

Ellis, J-A (1997). Race for the Rainforest II. Applying lessons learned from Lak to the Bismarck-Ramu Integrated Conservation and Development Initiative in Papua New Guinea.

PNG Biodiversity & Resource Management Programme. PNG Dept. Environment & Conservation/UNDP – Global Environ. Facility.

Frankel O., Brown A. and Budon J. (1995). The Conservation of Plant Biodiversity, Cambridge University Press.

Ghazoul, J. & D. Sheil (2010). Tropical Rain Forest Ecology, Diversity, and Conservation. Oxford Univ. Press.

Groom, M.J., Meffe, G.K. & C. R. Carroll (2005) Principles of Conservation Biology. Sinauer Associates. Third ed..

Lamothe, L., (1997). Wildlife Training Manual for Papua New Guinea, Vol.1-3.

Primack, R. B. (2008). A Primer of Conservation Biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Fourth ed..

Sekhran, N & S. Miller (1996). Papua New Guinea Country Study on Biological Diversity. PNG Dept. Environment & Conservation, Conservation Resource Centre; Africa Centre for Resources & Environment.

Wells, M & K. Brandon with L. Hannah). (1993) People and Parks. Linking Protected Area Management with Local Communities. World Bank. World Wildlife Fund. U.S. Agency for Intl. Develop., Washington, D.C.

Assessment:

Continuous (incl. biodiversity survey) - 60%

Examination -40%

FD 385: PROJECT SUPERVISION PRACTICAL I FD386: PROJECT SUPERVISION PRACTICAL II Common credit: 4 Hours per week: 3 Objective: Students will be assigned to work on specific task per week under the supervision of teaching staff. This is designed to provide practical experience in real work environment. [This practical course consists of 2 semesters applying the same syllabus] Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Proactively take on supervisory

responsibilities; LO2. Provide leadership to those they supervise; LO3. Understand basic concepts for supervising

workers and be apply to apply them in ways that minimise conflict and optimse productivity;

LO4. Be time conscious Syllabus: Students work on different project each week, raise seedlings in the nursery, engage on planting program for College and communities, establish model agroforestry projects, hands on in carpentry, campus beautification, and engage in revenue generating activities. References: Belker L.B., J. McCormick, G.S. Topchik (2012)

The First Time Manager. 6th ed.. AMACOM. 240 pp.

Leonard E.C. (2012) Supervision: Concepts and Practices of Management. 12th ed.. Cengage Learning. 592pp.

Shaddock, D (2012). How To Supervise: What Your Boss Never Told You Before You Took the Job. A Step-By-Step Guide for New (and Seasoned) Managers. Volume 1. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. 120pp.


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Assessment: Continuous -100%

FD 389: COMMUNITY FORESTRY AND EXTENSION Common credit: 9 Hours per week: 4 Prerequisites: FD 286 Communication and Negotiation Objective: To actively involve students in land ownership issues in Papua New Guinea; to develop the skills needed for effective communication with landowners and the community-at-large. This course utilises the communication and negotiation skills learned in FD286 and FD 398, so that students can develop forestry extension skills in providing advice to resource owners. Learning Outcomes: LO1. Exhibit an understanding of the

philosophies and theories related to extension work;

LO2. Demonstrate an understanding of relevant theories of adult education, social influence, communication, marketing and agricultural extension;

LO3. Discuss the social aspects of land use in agriculture and forestry;

LO4. Describe the range of extension models and presentation methods available, including use of mass media, group methods, speeches, field demonstrations and excursions;

LO5. Organise, design and implement an effective program of information transfer (covering both non-industrial forestry issues and small- scale commercial wood production) to community groups and landowners;

LO6. Demonstrate competence by planning and implementing an extension project as a team exercise.

Syllabus: Extension models and methods. The adult

learner. Introduction to sociology and applied communication. Planning and designing extension programs. Extension ethics; methods for influencing human behaviour; diffusion and adoption of innovation. Extension project. References: Swanson, B.E.(1984). Agricultural Extension:

A Reference Manual (2nd edition). FAO. Rome.

Village Development Trust (nd). Training and Reference Manual 1-8, VDT, Lae.

Assessment:


FD 390: SUPERVISORY MANAGEMENT

SKILLS Common credit: 9 Hours per week: 2 Prerequisite: FD 292 Business Skills Objective: Good supervisors are essential in a productive work force. This unit aims to provide the knowledge and skills needed by supervisors to manage staff effectively and optimise human performance. Learning Outcomes: LO1. Demonstrate a knowledge of the role,

skills and responsibilities of a supervisor including: goal and target setting within work plans; staff motivation; strategies for managing uncooperative or unproductive employees; understanding the causes of industrial action and the means of resolving industrial disputes; understanding organisational structure; occupational health and safety requirements.

LO2. Participate constructively in formal and informal meetings;

LO3. Be able to apply conventional meeting procedures including: ·preparation of agenda; chairperson’s duties and responsibilities; keeping of minutes.

LO3. Discuss group dynamics, and work


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cooperatively in a group or team; LO4. Describe the basic models of workplace

communication and leadership. Syllabus: Office management, roles and responsibilities of supervisors, occupational health and safety, assertion and negotiation skills, goal setting, motivation, training skills, staff development, unions and industrial relations. Managing staff, performance planning and review, appointment procedures, disciplining and dismissal processes. Meetings procedure. Group dynamics, communication and leadership. References: Haiman, T., &Hiegert, R., (1987).Supervision: Concepts and Practices for Management (4th edition). Southwestern Publ. Co., Ohio.


FD391: AGROFORESTRY Common credit: 9 Hours per week: 4 Prerequisite: FD281 Forest Ecology; FD121 Introduction to Silviculture; FD140 Forest Soils Objective: To provide students with an understanding that agroforestry is a form of land use which interacts with other forms of land uses to sustainably manage the land for socio-economic and environmental benefits. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Understand and identify different types of

agroforestry systems applicable to tropical regions; LO2. Design and apply different agroforestry methods and techniques in rural community.

LO3. Identify the uses of the multi-purpose tree species;

LO4. Do a cost benefit analysis of an agroforestry project in a village community.

Syllabus: This course aims to give students understanding of agroforestry techniques such as good agroforestry designs, agroforestry systems, component interactions as agricultural system and silvapasture, multi-purpose tree species, Soil water conservation, Project planning in agroforestry, and economic analysis in Agroforestry. One afternoon allocated (3 hours) to students to do practical work where they practice intercropping with legume tree species. Students will also be exposed to the traditional values of forest plants, trees and forests and integrated tree cropping for small scale wood production (tree farming). References: Evans, J. (1992) Plantation Forestry in the

Tropics (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, USA.

Gessesse, B. (1992). Tropical Agroforestry Tentative Textbook for the South Pacific. Department of Forestry. Training Manual Vol. 18.

Huxley, P.A. (ed) (1983). Plant Research and Agroforestry. ICRAF, NAIROBI.

Zulberti, E. (ed) (1987) Professional Education in Agroforestry. ICRAF NAIROBI.

Textbooks: Huxley, P.A. (ed.) (1983). Plant Research and

Agroforestry. ICRAF, NAIROBI. Zulberti, E. (ed.) (1987) Professional Education in

Agroforestry. ICRAF NAIROBI. Assessment:

Continuous - 40% Examination - 60%

FD 392: FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANNING Hours per week: 4 Common credits: 15 Prerequisites: FD237 Forest Plantation Silviculture I; FD238 Forest Plantation Silviculture II; FD271 Forest Inventory;


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FD343 Timber Harvesting Objectives: To understand the principles and processes of land use planning. Also, to prepare management plan for a forest area in conjunction with PNG Forest Authority’s guidelines for forest planning for various land use and developmental purposes. Learning Outcomes: LO1. Describe planning processes required to

manage plantations and native forests in PNG at the national, provincial, forest management area and logging coupe levels.

LO2. Compare and contrast methods used to prepare plans at national, provincial, management area and logging coupe levels.

LO3. Perform critical environmental impact assessments and preparation of environmental plans for forestry and other land use systems in PNG.

LO4. Discuss issues involved in negotiating Forest Management Agreements with resource owners including Incorporated Landowner Groups.

LO5. Apply principles of sustainable forest management (e.g. PNG Logging Code of Practice) to formulate a forest management plan of a designated are of PNG.

LO6. Formulate other environmental land use plans such as wildlife management, recreational and parks that will bring socio-economic benefits to the forest resource owners.

Syllabus: Land evaluation: principles and procedures, land capability assessment. Land administration and land-use decision-making in PNG; customarily land ownership. Environmental impact assessments. Hierarchy of forest plans; PNG National Forest Plan; Provincial Forest Plans; Five-year Forest Working Plans; Environmental plans, harvesting plans. Managing silvicultural practices like regeneration for rehabilitation purposes. Discuss non-timber values of the forest including hydrological, environmental, wildlife, recreational, economic, social, cultural and spiritual values; discussion of problems that may be encountered including land ownership, erosion, log transport and regeneration of forest. Case study of selected management plans, project evaluation and monitoring project costings.

References: Bellamy, J.A. &McAlpine, J.R. (…) PNG Inventory of Natural Resources. Population Distribution and Land Use Handbook. 2nd Edit. PNGRIS Publication No. 6. AusAID, Canberra. PNG Forest Authority (1985) Planning, Monitoring

and Control Procedures for Natural Forest Logging Operations under Timber Permit. PNG Forest Authority. Port Moresby.

PNG Forest Authority and Department of Environment & Conservation (1996) PNG Logging Code of Practice. PNG Forest Authority. Port Moresby.

PNG Forest Authority (1996) National Forest Plan. PNGFA. Port Moresby.

Sharma, N.P. (Ed.) (1992) Managing the World’s Forests: looking for the balance between conservation and development. World Bank, Washington, D.C.

State Forests of NSW Management Plans including Grafton, MP 29, Summary of MP 29 – Managing State Forests, Grafton, MPS-7), Eden Native Forests, MP 23.

Grossberg, S.P. (Ed.) (2009) Forest Management. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York.

Bettinger, P.; Boston, K.; Siry, J.P.; Grebner, D.L. (2009) Forest Management and Planning. Elsevier. London.

Assessment: Continuous -50% Examination -50% FD393: SMALL-SCALE TIMBER MILLING AND MARKETING Common credit: 9 Hours per week: 4 Prerequisites: FD242 Timber Processing & Timber Products Industries; FD292 Business Skills Objectives: To understand the SME concept and relates to developing a business in small timber milling using the SME requirements and submitting business plan to National Development Bank to possible loan financing. Learning Outcomes: LO1. Understand small-to-medium enterprise


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(SME) concept developed by the government of PNG and tap into the concept to source loan from National Development Bank.

LO2. Apply SME concept into forestry sector and develop small scale timber sawmilling business (as well as other wood-based products) and establish long-term markets for the products.

LO3. Assess major projects developed by trainees using SME guidelines intended for submission to National Development Bank for loan purposes.

Syllabus: Introduction to SME concept developed by the government, requirements/criteria of the SME for small sawmillers to engage in business entrepreneurships. Small timber yard operation, mini furniture shops and wood carvers. Organizing small timber producers to meet the requirements of the SME, National Development Bank loan criteria for SME applications and loan repayment agreements. Potential of forest resource owner participation in SME business opportunity. Eco-tourism connected with forestry for possible business entrepreneurships. Government vision 2050 on business entrepreneurships and rural poverty alleviation. References: O’Neal, E. & Wheeler, B. (1994) Business

Practices in Papua New Guinea. Dellasta. Melbourne.

Timber & Forestry College (2013) Small Sawmill Operation & Timber Products.

Business Development Corporation (2010) Start Your Business for Eco-Forestry. ILO. Assessment: Continuous -60% Examination -40% FD394: FOREST ADMINISTRATION, POLICY AND LAW Common credit: 12 Hours per week: 4 Objectives: To familiarise students with policy and legislation relevant to the conservation and

management of natural resources in Papua New Guinea and the South Pacific, and to explain how policies and laws are implemented in forest management practice. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, the student should be able to: LO1. Discuss legislative and policy-making

processes in PNG and the South Pacific; LO2. Describe the separation of powers and

responsibilities between the national and provincial governments in Papua New Guinea and explain how this affects natural resources policy in general and forest policy and management in particular;

LO3. Demonstrate an understanding of how relevant policy and legislation is expressed in codes of forest practice;

LO4. Outline the responsibilities of field staff in relation to the enforcement of relevant policy and legislation.

Syllabus: Legislative and policy processes; policy and legislation relevant to the conservation and management of natural resources in Papua New Guinea and the South Pacific; statutory and regulatory responsibilities of forest and conservation agencies and their staff. Textbooks: Independent State of Papua New Guinea,

(1993).Forestry, Amendment Act 1993. PNG Ministry of Forests, (1991).National

Forest Policy, 1991. Village Development Trust, (nd). Training

and Reference Manual Pt 1. VDT, Lae. Assessment:


FD 396: FIRE PROTECTION Common credit: 6 Hours per week: 2 Prerequisites: FD 281 Forest Ecology, FD 237


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Plantation Silviculture 1 Objective: To understand the ecological and environmental consequences of burning, to gain experience in fire suppression techniques, and to appreciate how fire can be used as a management tool in tropical forests. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Show an understanding of the role of fire

in tropical ecosystems, and discuss the ecological and environmental consequences of fire in Papua New Guinea;

LO2. Describe the fundamentals of weather including temperature, relative humidity, pressure systems, and monsoon rainfall;

LO3. Outline the principles of combustion and fire behaviour, and discuss the effects of topography, fuel type and quantity, and weather;

LO4. Maintain and operate a weather station, report and keep records of temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed and fire danger rating;

LO5. Be able to describe the various strategies to achieving fire suppression, and demonstrate the practical skills necessary to suppress wildfire safely;

LO6. Describe the ways in which fire can safely be used in site preparation and regeneration activities.

Syllabus: Ecological and environmental consequences of fire. Weather and meteorological events, including temperature, relative humidity, pressure systems, and monsoon rainfall. Operation of a weather station, reading weather charts, keeping weather records; measuring temperature, pressure, rainfall, calculating relative humidity. Elements of combustion; fuel, fire behaviour. Effect of topography, fuel type, and weather on fire intensity and rate of spread. Fire hazard, fire risk, fire danger; calculation of fire danger rating. Approaches to fire suppression: personal protective equipment; use

of rake hoe, step-up method; fire tanker operation. References: Luke, R.H. and McArthur, A.G., (1986).

Bushfires in Australia, Australian Govt. Publishing Service.

Assessment:


FD 397: FOREST ENGINEERING FOR ROADS AND BUILDINGS Common credit: 9 Hours per week: 4 Objective: To be able to plan, design and supervise the construction of forest roads, small forest bridges, erosion control structures and small buildings, within the context of timber harvesting and forest management in Papua New Guinea Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic road design

principles, including allowable grade, horizontal and vertical alignment, cut and fill,

LO2. Design small bridges, drainage and culvert in accordance with the Papua New Guinea Logging Code of Practice;

LO3. Show an appreciation of the need to be environmentally sensitive when planning road and bridge locations;

LO4. Explain the construction and design requirements of mountain roads, especially in areas of high rainfall prone to landslides, and describe various erosion control structures and their construction;

LO5. Demonstrate basic road survey skills including chain and compass surveys and slope determination, and mark out centre lines for roads and set out curves;

LO6. Describe basic road maintenance procedures such as grading, drainage maintenance, and selection of gravel;

LO7. Assess the condition of existing roads and recommend improvements to surfacing, drainage and alignment;


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LO8. Draw plans for a simple building, and estimate quantities of building materials required and costs involved.

Syllabus: Principles of road design, grades, horizontal and vertical alignment, designing curves by graphical method, calculating cuts and fills; bridge, drainage and culvert design; road maintenance and grading; measuring grades, pegging a centre line and curves, designing horizontal alignment, calculating cut and fill; use of maps, and air photo interpretation to plan and design road networks in environmentally sensitive areas; basic building design, reading plans, costing of buildings, setting out site, mixing concrete; basic building construction methods, roofs and drainage, basics of water reticulation, pressure and flow, basic plumbing fittings, water supply systems for simple buildings . References: Bulolo University College Building Manual Klassen. A. (2006) Planning, Location, Construction and Maintenance for Low-impact Forest Roads. Forestry Department of Republic of Indonesia. Bogor PNG Logging Code of Practice Assessment: Continuous -50% Examination -50% FD398: NON TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS Common credit: 12 Hours per week: 4 Objective: The purpose of this subject is to provide an introduction to the non-timber forest products uses and uses of forests and trees. Students will be exposed to the traditional values inherent in non-industrial uses of forest plants, trees and forests. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Identification and distribution of non timber

forest products in PNG. LO2. Describe the management systems used in

different non-timber forest products.

LO3. Show an awareness of the environmental, social and economic advantages of non- timber forest products in Papua New Guinea.

LO4. Understand factors that lead to nonsustainable harvesting of non-timber forest products and effective mitigations.

Syllabus: Introduction to non-timber forest products, their identification and distribution in Papua New Guinea. Bamboo, rattan, butterflies and other wildlife, medicinal plants, eaglewood, sandalwood, resins, essential oils, wild honey; non-timber forest products management, production, harvesting, utilisation and marketing. Social aspects of Non-timber forest products in PNG. References: Hall, T.H. and E.G. (1999) Postharvest: An

Introduction to the physiology and handling of fruit and vegetables. BSP Professional Books, Melbourne.

Street, H.E. and Opik, H. (1991). The physiology of flowering plants, their growth and development. London.

Assessment:


FR 364: FOREST ECONOMICS

Common credit: 15 Hours per week: 4

Objectives: To become familiar with economic and business principles and how they can be applied to forestry and resource management. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Demonstrate an understanding of the

principles of macro-economics, micro-economics and resource economics;

LO2. Describe the role of forests and forestry inPapua New Guinea and regional


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economies; LO3. Discuss the concepts of discounting, risk

and uncertainty relevant to typical forestry investment decisions;

LO4. Describe decision criteria relevant to forestry and resource management;

LO5. Evaluate the economics of forestry projects, investments and proposals.

Syllabus: Scarcity, consumer choice, economic systems and resource allocation, theory of demand and supply, cost of production and economies of scale, perfectand imperfect market structures, cost curves, production curves, elasticity, government policy, economic rent, interest, compounding, discounting, internal rate of return, present net value, forest rent, soil expectation value, national and international trade, trade barriers, utility, externalities, valuation of forests and trees, risk, alternative investment opportunities, cost benefit analysis References: FAO, (1992).Economic assessment of forestry

projects impacts, Forestry Paper 106. Leslie, A., (1992). EconomicProblemsin

Tropical Forestry, FAO Paper FO: Misc/71/24.

Tietenberg, T., (2000). Environmental andNatural Resource Economics, Addison-Wesley, Reading.

Assessment:

Continuous-40% Examination -60%

FR 366: GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

SYSTEMS FOR NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Common credit: 12 Hours per week:4 Objectives: To provide students with the concepts of geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing and their application in Papua

New Guinea. Learning Outcomes: On completion of the subject, students should be able to: LO1. Explain the principles and concepts of

GISand remote sensing; LO2. Use a GIS for basic data manipulation and

analysis, reporting, compilation of maps and spatial data statistics;

LO3. Describe the uses of the remote sensed datasets including airphotointerpretation;

LO4. Use the main natural resources databases developed in Papua New Guinea;

LO5.Demonstrate the application of GIS andremote sensing in natural resources management.

Syllabus: Geographic information information systems (data input, design, output, analysis and management), remote sensing principles and application (including aerial photo interpretation), use ofPC vector and raster GIS. PNG geographicdatasets and digital mapping sources. References: Amando, A., (1999). GIS Applications in

Tropical Forestry. Toowomba Distance Education Centre, Qld.

Atkinson, P.M., (1998). Advances in Remote Sensing and GIS Analysis.Wiley Publications, Chichester.

Burrough, P.A., (1986).Principles of Geographical Information Systems for Land Resources Assessment.Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Vatasan, G., and Vatasan, N, (nd).Practical Photointerpretation for Foresters in Papua New Guinea.Forestry Department, Unitech, Lae.

Assessment:



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FR 372: SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT

Common credit: 15 Hours per Week: 4

Objectives: To achieve an elementary understanding of thesocial and environmental bases of forestry and communicating these to the communities. Syllabus: Introduction to sociology and applied communication. Land Tenure Systems in the Pacific and PNG. Participatory rural appraisal.Social impact assessment (social mapping).Environmental impact assessment.Extension models and methods. Planning extension programs; References: Chambers, R., (1983). Rural Development:

Putting the last first. London Scientific &Technical, London.

Chambers, R., (1992). Rural Appraisal: rapid, relaxed and participatory. IDS Discussion Paper No. 331, Brighton, IDS, London.

Mayoux, L., (2001). Participatory MethodsEDIAIS, Manchester.

Nolan, P., and Lenski, G., (1999). Human Societies: An introduction to macro sociology (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill College, New York,

Assessment:


FR 374: SILVICULTURE II


Prerequisites: FD 222 SilvicultureI Objectives: To develop further the principles and practice of silviculture by the application of ecological theory; and in particular. To illustrate how a knowledge of forest dynamics is used to control the growing stock in forests managed for wood production. To promote an

understanding of how satisfying the silviculturalrequirements ofcommercially desirable tree species can affect output of non-wood goods and services from forested lands.

Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students shouldbe able to: LO1. Show an appreciation of the factors and

processes, including the role of animals, that determine the structure and floristics of rainforest communities;

LO2. Demonstrate knowledge of the major formations of wet tropical rainforest and their geographical distribution;

LO3. Outline silvicultural systems that have been developed for use in tropical rainforests, and their application to forest management in Papua New Guinea;

LO4. Apply appropriate silviculturalmethods within the framework provided by the PNG Code of Practice;

LO5. Assess the relative costs and efficiency of various silviculturaloperations.

Syllabus: Major formations of wet tropical rainforest and their geographical distribution: tropical lowland evergreen rainforest, tropical semi-evergreen rainforest, montane rainforest, heath forest, swamp forests. Structural sub-forms: primary and secondary rainforest. Regeneration strategies and species richness: ecological succession; gap-phase dynamics; relay floristics. Growth and development of stands: role of disturbance --natural and man-made -- and its implications for ecosystem stability; disclimax communities; the shifting mosaic steady state. Evolution of silvicultural methods in tropical rainforests: monocyclic and polycyclicsystems; canopy retention harvesting; tree marking as a silviculturaltool in selection logging. Timber standimprovement: significance of advance growth; protection of the residual stand; enrichment planting. Silvicultural practice and indigenous forest management in Papua New Guinea.


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References: FAO, Silvicultural Systems of Tropical Forests.

Forestry Paper No. Gomez-Pompa, A., Whitmore, T.C., &Hadley,

M., (1991). Rainforest Regeneration and Management, Man and the Biosphere Series Vol. 6, ParthenonPublishing.

Hilton, R.G.B., (1984). A Manual of Silviculturefor the Indigenous Forests of Papua New Guinea, Department of Forestry, Unitech, Lae.

McKinty, M.H., (1999). Silviculture of Mixed Tropical Forests, Department of Forestry, Unitech, Lae.

Smith, D., (1986). The Practice of Silviculture, 8th ed., John Wiley & Sons, Canada.

Whitmore, T.C., (1993). An Introduction to Tropical Rainforests.Oxford UniversityPress, Oxford.

Assessment:


FR 382: WOOD SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY Common credit: 9 Hours per week: 4 Prerequisites: FD 230 Forest Products and Industries Objectives: To relate the anatomy, structure and chemistry of wood to its various end uses.

Learning Outcomes: On conclusion of this subject, students will be able to: LO1. Identify the wood of representatives of the

major groups of forest trees, both broadleaved and coniferous;

LO2. Demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between wood anatomy and figure in timber;

LO3. Explain how the structure and chemistry of

the cell wall of trees affects product end use including susceptibility to insect attack and fungal decay.

Syllabus: Macroscopic and microscopic features of wood: characteristics of broadleaved and coniferous wood; identification of major groups. Secondary growth: products of lateral meristems; cork cambium. Anatomy and structure, reaction wood.Wood chemistry and extractives. Physical properties of wood, mechanical strength. Implications of wood anatomy, structure and chemistry for end use and durability. References: Bootle, K.R., Wood in Australia: Types,

Properties and Uses. McGraw Hill. Desch, H., (1996), Timber: Its Structure,

Properties and Utilisation. CRC Press; 7 Sub edition.

Panshin, A.J. and deZeeuw, C., (1980). Textbook of Wood Technology. McGraw-Hill, New York.

Assessment:


FR 384: EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND

ANALYSIS Common credit: 18 Hours per week: 5 Objectives: Foresters need to be able to appreciate the rationale for and methods of scientific research. In this course, students will be taught how to design and establish statistically sound experiments, collect and analyse data, and derive conclusions from experimental data. The skills learnt in this course will be applied in the FR480 final year projects courses. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students


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shouldbe able to: LO1. Describe the principles of experimental

design and analysis; LO2. Formulate a hypothesis/null hypothesis

that can be tested experimentally; LO3. Design simple experiments to test

hypotheses; LO4. Describe a range of commonly used

experimental designs, particularly those used in forest research;

LO5. Select the mostappropriate statistical methods for a given set of data derived from a particular experimental setup.

LO6. Describe, analyseand report experimental results.

Syllabus: Hypotheses, null hypotheses, experimental design, samples and populations, plot size, randomisationand replication, measurement, recording and presentation of results, probability distributions, tests of significance, mean standard deviation, standard error, confidence intervals, analysis of variance, statistical software, scientific research writing and publication, dissemination of information. References: Bhattacharyya, G.K and Johnson, R.A.,

(1977).Statistical Concepts and Methods, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 639 pp

Martin, P and Piece, R., (1994). Practical Statistics for the Health Sciences, Nelson Publishing, Melbourne.

Mead, R and Currow, R.N., (1984).Statistical Methods in Agriculture and Experimental Biology, Chapman and Hall.

Webb, M.J and Hambleton, A., (1996): Fundamentals of Research and Research Thinking, A manual on Tree Nutrition Research Methods. A Training Course held at the University of the South Pacific, Apia Campus, Western Samoa, 2-12 July 1996FAO, UNDP, FORSPA. 50pp

Weiss, N.A., (1999): Introductory Statistics,5th edition, Addison-Wesley Longman, Inc. NewYork. 988 pp

Assessment:

Continuous -60%

Examination -40% FR 390: INTRODUCTION TO CLIMATE

CHANGE Common credits: 13 Hours per week: 4 Prerequisites: First year foundation year, FR 102 Introduction to forestry Learning Outcomes: At the completion of the module, students will be able to: LO1. Explain the components, drivers, and

interactions of climate, globally and in region. LO2. Explain the causes and effects of climate

change and the relationship between human activities and climate change, with emphasis on forest ecosystems and conservation.

LO3. Assess the impact of human activities of climate change on forest ecosystem services and socio-economic systems.

LO4. Propose potential responses and solutions to climate change issues, and be able to assess their feasibility and potential effectiveness.

LO5. Collect, interpret and present information and current knowledge on climate change.

LO6. Communicate about strategies to mitigate and adapt to climate change to a variety of audiences.

Syllabus: This is an introductory course to climate change that presents and reviews a wide range of climate change topics, including causes, effects, and responses. The level of detail in each of the covered topics is calibrated to current issues in the region. The syllabus explains how and why the climate is changing, the effects of climate change on people and the environment and responses and adaptation to climate change. References: IPCC. 2013. AR5 Climate Change 2013: The

Physical Science Basis http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/

World Bank, 2012. Turn Down the Heat: Why a 4 Degree Warmer World Must be Avoided

http://climatechange.worldbank.org/sites/default/fil


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es/Turn_Down_the_heat_Why_a_4_degree_centrigrade_warmer_world_must_be_avoided.pdf

World Bank. 2013. Turn Down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience. A report for the World Bank by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and Climate Analytics. Washington, DC

http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/11/17097815/turn-down-heat-4%C2%B0c-warmer-world-must-avoided

Supplemental Texts Houghton, John (2009)Global Warming: The Complete Briefing Assessment: Continuous -60% Examination -40% FR 451: AGROFORESTRY AND COMMUNITY EXTENSION Common credit: 15 Hours per week: 4 Learning Outcomes: To understand the role of trees in sustainable land use systems in tropics; to develop an understanding of the social processes underlying the land tenure systems in the Pacific and PNG and how to effectively communicate technical information about forestry and the forest products industries in a Papua New Guinea context. Syllabus: Social aspects of community land use in developing economies; role of agroforestry and community involvement in forestry related projects. Community/agroforestry systems in PNG and Pacific.Costs and benefits of agroforestry and community forestry projects.Support systems for community forest owners. Role of government, NGOs and others in community/agroforestry Projects.Role of extension in facilitating technical change. References: Clarke, W.C., and Thaman, R.R., (Eds)

(1993).Agroforestry in the Pacific Islands:

Systems for sustainability. United Nations University Press, Tokyo.

Frost, F., Forge, K., and Balck, A.W., (2000).Extension and AdvisoryStrategiesforAgroforestry.Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation.AusAID/RIRDC Publication No. 00/184, Australia.

Lerner, D., and Schramm, W., (eds.) (1967).Communication and Changes in the Developing Countries. East WestCentre Press, Honolulu.

Nolan, P., and Lenski, G., (1999). Human Societies: an introduction to macrosociology(8th ed.). McGraw-Hill College, New York.

Ray, G.L., (1976). Extension Communication andManagement. R. Publishing Corp., Delhi. Sharma, N.P., (ed.) (1992).ManagingtheWorld’s Forests: Looking for the balance between conservation and development. World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Unasylva No. 143(36), (1984). Forestry extension, making it work, FAO (various articles).

Village Development Trust [VDT], (nd). Training and Reference Manual 1-8, VDT, Lae.

Assessment:


FR 453: FOREST ENGINEERING Common credit: 18 Hours per week: 4 Prerequisites: FD 217 Forest Survey Theory and Skills; FD 311 Timber Harvesting Objectives: To be able to plan, design and supervise the construction of forest roads, culverts, bridges, drains and erosion control and soil retaining structures ensuring that constructions conform to the Papua New Guinea Logging Code of Practice. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to:


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LO1. Plan and design road systems based on terrain, duration and intensity of use;

LO2. Understand calculating and balancing earthwork in road construction; recognize the traffic ability and stability of soil types and the technique of stabilization of soil in road cut and fill by using earth retaining structures and bio stabilization methods;

LO3. Show sufficient knowledge of hydrology and erosion processes to design structures that will withstand storm flows and avoid undue environmental degradation; plan and design drainage structures, culverts and small bridges;

LO4. Carry out practical survey on the centre line of a road alignments; produce a flow chart of the steps involved in road plan, design and construction and estimate construction costs, quantities and types of materials, equipment and machinery required; Road repair and maintenance; safety in road works.

Syllabus: Forest road classification; principles of road alignment; calculating road grades and scales, road layout and design, road alignment location in the field; specification and standards; road density and spacing; designing curves, intersections, turnouts, landings and sight distance; earthwork calculation in cut and fill, balancing earth work; road drainage and ditches; hydrological parameters in stream culvert discharge calculation, culvert installation; small bridges design and construction; soil mechanics and soil stabilization, earth retaining and erosion control structures; road maintenance, grading and repair, safety in road works; road construction equipment and machinery; road construction cost estimate.

Reference: Forest Road Engineering Lecture Materials. Dept.

of Forestry, PNGUnitech, 2014. Government of British Colombia Department of

Forestry, (2002).Forest Road Engineering Guidebook(available on Internet:http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/tasb/legsregs/fpc/fp cguide/road/fre-toc.htm)

Walbridge, T.A.(1990). The Direct Location of Forest Roads.VirginiaPolytechnique Institute and State University, Virginia.

PNG Forest Authority and PNG Dept. of Environment and Conservation, (1996).Papua New Guinea Logging Code of Practice.

Assessment: Continuous -60% Examination -40% FR 455: FOREST INVENTORY AND

ASSESSMENT Common credit: 15 Hours per week: 4 Prerequisites: FD 236 Forest Measurement Theory and Skills; FR 366 GIS for Natural Resource Management. Objectives: To be able to design and implement an inventory of forest resources. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Demonstrate familiarity with different

strategies for sampling forests, including random sampling, stratified random sampling, multiphase sampling, systematic sampling, 3P sampling and which situations they are best applied;

LO2. Carry out a preliminary survey to determine variability and the number of samples required per unit area;

LO3. Use inventory data to calculate volume, diameter distribution, site quality, CAI, MAI, PAI, and create volume and yield tables;

LO4. Demonstrate an understanding of how forest inventory and geographical (spatially referenced) data is acquired and stored by government organisations in Papua New Guinea, with particular reference to the Forest Inventory Mapping (FIM) system.

Syllabus: Sampling theory, random, stratified, multiphase and systematic sampling. Inventory in Papua New Guinea: field equipment, field measurements (diameter, height, stocking).


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Processing of field data: stand mean diameter, basal area, stand height, stand volume, volume tables, annual increment, site quality, stand density, yield functions and tables. Why aerial photographs, GIS and remote sensing techniques are used in forest inventory Importance of Inventory database management: References: Brack C. (1997). Forest Measurementand

Modelling Course Notes, Australian National University, Canberra.

Hammermaster, E.T. & Saunders, J.T.(1995).Forest Resources and Vegetation Mapping ofPapua New Guinea. PNGRIS Publication No.4, AusAID, Canberra.

Assessment:


FR 457: ADMINISTRATION AND HUMAN

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Common credit: 9 Hours per week: 2 Objectives: To understand the principles and practice of effective administration and human resource management.

Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Demonstrate an understand of the basics

of strategic planning including statements of objectives, strategic plans, targets and performance indicators;

LO2. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of various organizational structures;

LO3. Discuss and define supervision styles and strategies, the characteristics of a good leader/manager and the role of supervision in maintaining effective work groups;

LO4. Define expectations and responsibilities of supervisors, employers, and employees

,including occupational health and safety considerations;

LO5. Show familiarity with appropriate procedures for staff selection, recruitment, performance appraisal, career developmentand separation processes;

LO6. Be able to apply proper procedures for the conduct of meetings, and act as chairperson;

LO7. Describe the role, processes and requirements of industrial relations.

Syllabus: Mission statements, strategic plans, performance indicators, organisation structure, role and responsibilities of supervisors, scope of authority, occupational health and safety, characteristics of an effective leader/manager, maintaining effectivework groups, motivation, delegation. Personnel management, recruitment and selection, performance appraisal, separation processes, career development, assertion and negotiation skills, conflict resolution, meeting processes, industrial relations. References: George C.G., and Cole K., (1992).Supervision in

Action: the art of managing. (3rded.).Prentice Hall.

Flippo, E.B., (1984). Personnel Management.(6th ed.).McGraw-Hill International ed.s, New York.

Assessment:


FR 459: FOREST MANAGEMENT

PLANNING 1 Common credit: 13 Hours per week: 5 Prerequisite: FR 374 SilvicultureII Corequisite: FR 455 Forest Inventory and Assessment Objectives: To understand the principles and processes of


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land use planning. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students shouldbe able to: LO1.Describe planning processes required to

manage plantations and native forests in Papua New Guinea at the provincial, national, management area and logging coupe levels;

LO2. Compare and contrast the methods used to prepare plans at the provincial, national, management area and logging coupe levels;

LO3. Critically perform environmental impact assessments and the preparation of environmental plans for forestry operations in Papua New Guinea.

Syllabus: Land evaluation: principles and procedures; land capability assessment; land suitability analysis. Land administration and land use decision-making in Papua New Guinea: customary land ownership. Environmental Impact Assessments. Hierarchy of forestry plans: strategic and operational plans; PNG National Forest Plan; Provincial Forest Plans; five-year working plans; environmental plans, harvesting plans. Case studies of selected management plans. References: Bellamy, J.A., and McAlpine, J.R., Papua New Guinea Inventory of Natural Resources, Population Distribution and Land Use Handbook. (2nd ed.).PNGRIS Publication No.6, AusAID, Canberra. State Forests of NSW Management Plans including Grafton, MP 29, summary of MP29, Managing State Forests, Grafton, MPS-7, Eden Native Forests, MP23, various dates. PNG Forest Authority.PNG Provincial Forest Plans (various) PNG Forest Authority.National Forest Plan [+ relevant PNG forestry legislation] [+EnvironmentalImpact Assessments, Relevant PNG CaseStudies]

Assessment: Continuous -60% Examination -40% FR 472: WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT


Prerequisite: FD 224 (Forest Biodiversity) or equivalent Objectives: To develop and apply the principles of ecology to the management of wildlife in Papua New Guinea forests.

Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1.Demonstrate and understanding of

theecological, cultural and economic value of wildlife to Papua New Guinea;

LO2. Describe wildlife conservation management methods relevant to Papua New Guinea;

LO3. Describe the principles of population dynamics, ecological niches and habitat modelling;

LO4. Develop a preliminary conservation plan for a species.

Syllabus: Indicator and significant wildlife in Papua New Guinea, conservation methods and processes, population dynamics, niches, habitat models, conservation strategies and plans. Reference: Bookhout T.A., (ed) (1987). Research and

Management Techniques for Wildlife and Habitats.The Wildlife Society, Bethesda, Maryland.



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FR 476: FOREST PESTS AND DISEASES


Prerequisites: FD 224 Forest Biodiversity Learning Outcomes: To develop the ability to identify forest pests and disease outbreaks and understand the life cycle of important pests and pathogens to Papua New Guinea forests. On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Discuss the biology of some important

pathogens and insect pests of forest trees in Papua New Guinea;

LO2. Indicate a knowledge of vertebrate pests of trees in Papua New Guinea;

LO3. Describe the impact of pests and diseases on wood production and forest conservation;

LO4. Outline appropriate preventative and ameliorative measures to maintain and/or restore the health and vigour of forests managed for wood production or biological conservation.

Syllabus: Major groups of insects.Population dynamics.Biology of important insect pests of forest trees.Control measures: integrated pest management. Basic classification of fungal pathogens.Biology of major pathogens: host - parasite relationships. Soil-borne plant pathogens: epidemiology and control. Life cycle and control of vertebrate pests of forest trees in Papua New Guinea. References: Schneider, M.F. (1999)Entomology.A

Textbook for Students, Agriculturalists and Foresters in Papua New Guinea.Bulolo Univ. College, PNG

Assessment:


FR 480: PROJECT Common credit: 13 (Semester 1) 9 (Semester 2) Hours per week: 4 (runs over 2 semesters at approximately up to 4 hours per week for classroom instructions and the rest of the day for individual research) Prerequisites: FR 384 Experimental Design and Analysis, or equivalent Objectives: To develop research and reporting skills, applying skills learnt in FR384 Experimental Design and Analysis. Students will work individually to develop and complete a small research project on a topic relevant to forestry in Papua New Guinea. Progress will be in two stages. During Semester 1, students will prepare aproposal which must be approved before proceeding to Stage II (Semester 2), when students implement the proposal, analyze the data and report on the findings.

Stage I: Proposal. The proposal is a written document which outlines the project and the context in is contained in, describes the data collection and analysis to be undertaken and the expected outcomes. The proposal should be based on a statement or hypothesis which forms the foundation of the project.

Stage II: Research and Report. Undertake the preparation of a research report. The report is designed to communicate the results of the analysis of the data collected and should contain an introduction to the project, methods, results, analysis (where appropriate) and conclusions. The report should be properly referenced using an accepted referencing standard, properly presented and contain graphs and diagrams where appropriate.

Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Come up with a research question that is


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hypothesis-testable. LO2. Use Google Scholar and other internet

search engines to retrieve relevant primary literature related to the research question.

LO3. Create an organized and comprehensive literature review which provides background on what is known already related to the research question.

LO4. Put together a written project proposal, using conventional formats.

LO5. Create effective powerpoint presentations and poster displays to present the proposal, and later the findings of the research.

LO6. Comprehensively analyse the data obtained from the study, and apply the appropriate statistical inference tools to determine whether the stated hypothesis was supported.

LO7. Synthesise the results into a coherent, comprehensive discussion.

LO8. Create a comprehensible final report that incorporates style and formatting conventions of written scientific reports.

Assessment:

Continuous -30% Written Report -70%

FR 484: FOREST PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND MARKETING Common credit: 12 Hours per week: 4 Prerequisites: FR 382 Wood Science and

Technology Objectives: To discuss the principles and practices of forest product development and marketing. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Be able to describe and discuss the

natureof marketing in a competitive economy, and its importance to the forest

products industries; LO2. Discuss marketing concepts and how they

relate to the goals of both private and public sector organisations;

LO3. Recognise the need for the development of strategies for marketing forest product based on an understanding of the structure of domestic and international markets;

LO4. Be able to describe the implications of international trade in forest products for domestic forest policy.

Syllabus: Marketing as a management function: role of marketing intelligence in decision-making; product development, pricing and promotion. Marketing research and analysis: research methodologies; qualitative and quantitative techniques; sampling, data collection and analysis. International marketing: concepts, planning and management strategies; finding and servicing overseas markets; product quality control; cross-cultural issues and communication. World trends in wood use: supply and demand; advances in wood, pulp and paper technology. Traditional forest products and by- products: present-day range of minor forest products; future trends. Policy issues: value-adding manufacturing processes in the sawmilling, pulp and paper, and reconstituted wood and panel products sectors. Assessment: Continuous -50% Examination -50% FR 486: FOREST POLICY

Common credit: 13 Hours per week:3

Objectives: To providestudents with an overview of natural resource and forest policies, the processes by which they are formulated, and their expression in the form of legislation and regulation.


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Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students should be able to: LO1. Provide an overview of natural resource

and forest policies in Papua New Guinea, describing principal issues that influences these policies at a national, regional and international level;

LO2. Demonstrate an understanding of the roles of governments and other interested parties, including foresters, in natural resource and forest policy formation processes;

LO3. Explain the structure, form and content of forest policy documents, and relevant legislation, in Papua New Guinea;

LO4. Describe how PNG legislation and acts are drafted, passed and enacted;

LO5. Describe the log pricing and royalty system used in Papua New Guinea, and their role as instruments of forest policy.

Syllabus: Social, political, historical, economic and environmental contexts of forestry, role of forest policy, interested parties. International treaty obligations.Log pricing and royalty systems.Structure, form and content of PNG forest policy, forest policy formulation processes, legislation relevant to natural resource and forest management in PNG. References: Ellefson, P.V., (1991). Forest Resources

Policy: Processes, Participants and Programs, McGraw Hill.

Sharma, N.P., (Ed.) (1992).Managing the World’s Forests: Looking for the Balance Between Conservation and Development. World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Westoby, J., (1987). The Purpose of Forests.BasilBlackwell Ltd, London.

Relevant PNG forest policy documents and

legislation. Assessment:


FR488: FOREST MANAGEMENT

PLANNING II Common credit: 22 Hours per week: 5 Prerequisites: FR 459 Forest Management Planning I; FR 465Field Studies in Forest Assessment Objectives: To apply skills learnt in earlier courses to prepare a management plan for an area of forest, in conjunction with the National Forest Authority. Learning Outcomes: On completion of this subject, students shouldbe able to: LO1. Discuss the issues involved in negotiating

Forest Management Agreements with resource owners including Incorporated Landowner Groups;

LO2. Take account of the requirements of the PNG Logging Code of Practicewhen formulating management plans for native forests;

LO3. Apply the principles of sustainable forest management to formulate a forest management plan of a designated area of Papua New Guinea Forest.

Syllabus: Prepare a forest management plan using (where appropriate) the Papua New Guinea FIM database. The plan should include: maps of the area; a review of the timber resource; a discussion of the non-wood values of the forest including hydrological, environmental, wildlife, recreational, economic, social, cultural and spiritual values; adiscussion of problems that may be encountered including land ownership, erosion, log transport and regeneration of forest. References: PNG Forest Authority, (1995). Planning,

Monitoring and Control Procedures for


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Natural Forest Logging Operations under Timber Permit, PNG Forest Authority, PortMoresby.

PNG Forest Authority and PNG Department of Environment and Conservation, (1995). Papua New Guinea Logging Code of Practice, PNG Forest Authority, Port Moresby.

PNG Forest Authority, (1996). National ForestPlan. PNG Forest Authority, PortMoresby.

Sharma, N. P., (Ed.) (1992). Managing theWorld’s Forests: looking for the balance between conservation and development. World Bank, Washington, D.C.

State Forests of NSW Management Plans including Grafton, MP 29, Summary of MP29 - Managing State Forests, Grafton, MPS-7), Eden Native Forests, MP23.

Assessment:

Continuous -100% (Management Plan) FIELD TRIP SUBJECTS: TARAKA-BASED STUDENTS FR 461: FIELD STUDIES IN INDUSTRIAL

FORESTRY Common credit: 3 Hours per week: 2 (1 week - mid-semester break) Learning Outcomes: On completion of the subject, students should be able to: LO1. Acquaint with various processes and procedures of operating large scale logging companies whose operations are directly inclined to PNG Logging code of practice standards and policy matters required under forest policy and forestry act 1991 amended (1996 & 2000). LO2. Develop a balanced view between interrelated forestry projects and ascertain of promising job market available in the future. LO3. Provide opportunity for students to compare the project operations and management options between the forestry related (non-extractive) and extractive industries in regard to environment issues.

LO4. Produce final field trip report documents on various natural resources project activities observed during the exposure period. Syllabus: Large scale logging operations in a field operation. Planning, monitoring and control procedures: implementation of the PNG Logging Code of Practice. Planning and implementing forestry development projects: feasibility studies; infrastructure requirements; road network; logging organisation; harbour and loading facilities. Downstream processing for export markets.Reforestation works. Integrated forest management. Assessment:

Continuous -100% (Written Report) FR 466: FORESTRY EXTENSION

PROJECT Common credit: 3 Hours per week: 2 (1 week - mid-semester break) Prerequisites:FR451 AgroforestryandCommunity Extension. Objectives: To provide students with practionist experience in giving advice and guidance to landowners in the Highlands of PNG. The project is designed to improve students’ communication, negotiation and extension skills, and to consolidate their knowledge of Highlandregional forestry. Syllabus: Extension project planning and implementation, based on: a review of the ecology and silvicultureof Highlands forests; knowledge of land management systems; and an understanding of the social impact of changes to land management. Assessment:

Continuous -100% (Written Report)

department of forestry - unitech.ac.pg · department of forestry ----- 236 course in timber...

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