department for rescue services p e l a s t u s o s a s t o civil protection and road safety...

DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICESP E L A S T U S O S A S T O

Civil Protection and Road Safety Arrangements

in Finland

Madrid 21st June 2006

Mikko JääskeläinenSenior Officer

Ministry of the Interior, Finland

Ministry of the InteriorFinland

DEPARTMENT FOR RESCUE SERVICES

Table of Contents

• Emergency Services and Civil Protection in Finland

• Road Safety Arrangements in Finland

• eCall in Finland

• 112 Centers in Finland


Emergency Services and Civil Protection

in Finland


• The rescue authorities are responsible for the safety of people in all kinds of everyday incidents as well as in the unlikely event of a disaster or war.

• Finland is one of the safest countries in the world and major accidents are very rare.

• Rescue services are divided into accident and fire prevention, rescue activities and war time civil defence.


ORGANISATIONMinistry of the Interior

Department for rescue services

District fire manager

Fire and Rescue Departments

State Provicial Offices (6)

22 Regional Rescue Services

Emergency responsecentres (15)

Emergency ServicesCollege

Emergency ResponseCentre Administration

Fire brigades- volunteers


Authorities and administration

• Supreme command, control and supervision of rescue services in Finland is under the Ministry of the Interior.

• The State Provincial Offices are responsible for rescue services in each of the six provinces in Finland.

• Regional Rescue Services (22) are responsible for rescuefor rescue services in their districts.


Road Safety Arrangements

in Finland


EU Midterm review (traffic fatalities)


The changes of the road traffic fatalities in the Nordic countries, year 2005

• Finland - 1,0%

• Sweden - 8,3%

• Norway - 13,2 %

• Denmark - 8,9%


THE GOVERNMENT RESOLUTION ON IMPROVING ROAD SAFETY, 9 march 2006

The road safety vision:

The road transport system must be designed so that nobody should die or be

seriously injured on the roads.


• Improving national co-operation

• Co-operation in EU

• Reducing head-on collisions on main roads

• Reducing pedestrian and cyclist accidents in built-up areas

• Management of speeds

• Reducing accidents involving intoxicants

• Reducing accidents of professional transport

• Improving driver education and the penalty point system


Traffic Management Centreof Finnish Road Administration


The TMC - the mode of operation• One centre, four offices

– Helsinki, Turku, Tampere, Oulu• One office has responsibility over large

geographical area• Every area has own characteristics

– Helsinki (Uusimaa region)• metropolitan area

– Turku (Turku and Vaasa regions)• Swedish spoken, coastal area

– Tampere (Häme, Kaakkois-Suomi, Keski-Suomi and Savo-Karjala regions)

• Interior Finland– Oulu (Oulu and Lappi regions)

• Northern Finland• Works efficiently as a network

The TMC offices and areas

Boundaries ofroad districts


The Traffic Management Centre (TMC)Objectives

• To improve safety on the roads

• To improve traffic flow• To promote efficient use of

the road• To reduce environmental

hazards caused by traffic• To offer general and real-

time traffic information nation-wide


The TMC - Functions

• Traffic and road weather conditions monitoring

• Traffic information distribution

• Traffic control with variable traffic signs

• Prevention of traffic disturbances in co-operation with other authorities• Supporting road maintenance;

co-operation with road

inspectors and contractors


The Road Users’ ServicesTraffic information- road weather conditions- traffic situation- traffic disturbances- road works- weight limits

Traffic control- traffic lights- message signs- bridges- border guard stations- special targets

The InformationSharing Channels

RadioTeletext

TVInternet

Maps, publicationRoad side info standsVariable traffic signs

Message signsOthers

Automatic MonitoringSystems

Road weather

conditions

Trafficsituation

The Road Users’ Line0200 2100

The TrafficManagement

Center

Co-operation andinformation sharing

- Authorities- Cities and municipalities- FinnRA- Contractors

The TMC functions


Monitoring and ControlTechnical Systems

• Monitoring Traffic and Road Weather

- Automatic traffic volume measurement system

- Traffic cameras (police)

- Road weather stations

- Weather cameras

• Traffic control

- Traffic signal system

- Variable speed limits

- Variable message

and traffic signs


Informs road users via mass media- location- traffic inconvenience- estimated length- by-pass

Notice of a traffic accident from the police or emergency rescue centre

Important information:What has happened?- parties- harm for the traffic- estimated lengthWhere has happened

Controls variable speed limit signs and warning signs,traffic lights In needed, copies nearest

weather camera picturesand the information of the road weather stations for the investigation of accidents

Asks for the help of contractor

Receives information from the accident site, observes and informs about situation

Knows the location of control trailer and helps with organising by-pass

Police and rescue unithave responsibility of traffic control at the accident site

Emergency Response

Centre

The Police

The Traffic Management Centre

A Road Maintenance Contractor

A Road User

Radio stations Traffic signs andsignals control

Traffic and road weather conditions monitoring


Accidents with fatalities on the Finnish public roads in year 2003 (FinRA)

• Totally 254 fatality accidents in which, 283 fatalities

• At the moment of the accident the road surface was:

• in 24 % of the cases slippery (61 acccidents)

• icy 16 % (40 accidents)

• slushy 4 % (9 accidents),

• snowy 3 % (7 accidents and

• water in grooves 1 % (3 accidents)


Mobile driver alert - concept design

Goal: Context aware (time, place, role) , personal messages about sudden changes in road conditions or other disturbances (e.g.accidents)

Means: Telematics: Services produced by combining roadside telematics, wireless (mobile) technology and GIS


Mobile alert service

gives real time warnings on “push” basis about changes on road conditions or other sudden dangerous disturbances, such as accidents, directly to the vehicle

Route forecast service (web service)

gives a corresponding forecast for the route of the vehicle that enables drivers to take the poor road conditions into account in advance


Standard gsm phones, all models voice message (TTS, text to speech synthesis) , cell id positioning (operator)

Smart phones, (e.g. S60 platform), application (Bluetooth GPS)

Multiple delivery channels: enables high penetration

on board units, in car -navigation systems

Driver alert platformDriver alert platform

xml


Gsm + Cell ID based warning

lähtöpiste A

c Dangerous road condition

WarningWarning

No warning Location (address)

Warning zone

Destination B

Origin A

GSM base station cell

GPS + smartphone


Summary & conclusions

of mobile driver alert • Clear connection between

road conditions and accidents

• Need for context aware real time road weather and incident information

• Delivery for different types of users and vehicles

• Potential for high socio-economical benefits


eCall in Finland


eCall - what and why

• eCall is an automatic in-vehicle emergency call service developed in the European Union

• The benefits of the eCall system are mainly based on the faster relaying of important accident information

- Precise location, time and type of the accident

• The system itself will not reduce the number of accidents.

• The main objective is to improve response times in the case of a traffic accident and save lives by faster help


eCall - how

Serviceprovider

Data connection+ FDS

• Full set of data (FDS)• More extensive information about

the vehicle, may be complemented with additional information from data base

• Short message, GPRS or similar information transmission

• Technology-neutral transmission to emergency exchange

• Accident

• Sensor data: Strong deceleration, rapid rise in temperature, roll-over,…

• Vehicle position• Vehicle position and direction

information at time of accident using satellite positioning (GPS)

Voice connection+ MDS

• Minimum set of data (MDS)• Place, time and type of accident,…• Transmitted during call• Uses GSM built-in procedures

PSAP


eCall implementation in Finland

Finland is at forefront of eCall deployment

• 1st EU member state to sign eCall-MoU

• PSAP infra ready in the near future- national PSAP data system and operating model

supports eCall-service year 2006

• Public eCall test service started in June 2005- validating the functionality of eCall unit

communications

• 1st detailed accident study ready in November 2005

• Recommendations of the eCall Driving Group have been followed


Active eCall promoters and in Finland

• ITS Finland

• Initiator of the eCall-project

• Ministry of Transport and Communications

• Financier of r&d activities

• Signer of eCall-MoU

• Ministry of the Interior and Emergency Response Centre Administration

• Realising of the eCall-service facilities in PSAPs

• VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

• Realising and maintaining of the test bench

• Impact studies on eCall

• Indagon Ltd.

• Developer and manufacturer of the eCall terminal prototype


Impacts of an automatic emergency call system on accident consequences – study

• Aim of the study was to estimate

– the number of the fatalities that could have been avoided in Finland in 2001–2003 by the eCall system.

– the effects of eCall on emergency response times.

• In Finland

– In 2001–2003, on average 86 mobile phone subscriptions per 100 population

– GSM network coverage in practice nearly 100%


Road Accident Investigation Teams

• In Finland all fatal accidents are investigated by Road Accident Investigation Teams.

– In 2004 a total of 331 fatal accidents were investigated

• Teams consist of a police officer, a road specialist, a vehicle specialist, a physician, a psychologist and other experts.

• The teams investigate what happened, why the accident happened, which factors affected the risk of the accident and what were the reasons for the consequences of the accident.


Data

from years 2001–2003

• Total of 797 accidents involving a fatally injured motor-vehicle occupant (n=929)

• Total of 263 accidents involving a fatally injured unprotected road user (n=264)

• Data included accidents of all vehicle types, divided into

– accidents, where there was at least one vehicle in which eCall system could be installed, and

– accidents, where there were no vehicles in which the current eCall system could be installed (e.g. single motorcycle and snowmobile accidents).

Case reports of the Road Accident Investigation Teams


Analyses of the fatalities• Procedure:

– First, exclusion of the patients with immediately fatal injuries

– Final categorisation done by the medical doctors

• Categories:

– eCall could very probably have prevented the death of the victim

– eCall would probably not have prevented the death of the victim

– Unclear cases (not enough data)


Impacts of eCall – Fatalities

• eCall could prevent 5 – 10% of the fatalities in Finland (VTT 2005)

• Biggest effect expected on minor rural roads, at night time, in off-peak traffic (VTT 2005)

• A decrease of 5 – 15 % in fatalities on a pan-European level (EMERGE 2004)


eCall communications Test Bench

• Test bench in use since June 2005, with registered users from 12 countries so far, including:

• 3 car manufacturers

• eCall-terminal developers

• Simulated Emergency Centre

• Simulated Service Centre

• Simulated eCall vehicle terminal

• Communications in real network

• Trials with an eCall terminal prototype


112 Centers in Finland


1. ERC of Helsinki – Helsinki 2005

2. ERC of West Uusimaa – Lohja 2005

3. ERC of East and Central Uusimaa – Kerava 2004

4. ERC of South-West Finland – Turku 2004

5. ERC of Satakunta – Pori 2003

6. ERC of Häme – Hämeenlinna 2004

7. ERC of Pirkanmaa – Tampere 2004

8. ERC of South-East Finland – Kouvola 2002

9. ERC of South Savo – Mikkeli 2003

10. ERC of Ostrobothnia – Vaasa 2002

11. ERC of Central Finland – Jyväskylä 2001

12. ERC of North Savo – Kuopio 2003

13. ERC of North Ostrobothnia and Kainuu – Oulu 2005

14. ERC of Lapland – Rovaniemi 2002

15. ERC of North Karelia – Joensuu 2001

112-ERCs by 2006


• Reception of urgent emergency calls for police, fire & rescue,

social welfare and health services. Integrated centres to serve different authorities.

• Professionally skilled operators, ability to co-operate effectively• Sheltered rooms, same system in normal conditions and in

exceptional conditions (war)• Harmonised IT-systems in the whole country.

- Location information of the caller - 112-text message in operation in 2006

- eCall in the future• Tetra-based radio communications• Equal quality and costs

Operating Model


Advanced and optimised operation model • The same person handles the whole action chain

• Well coordinated co-operation and communication between units on the scene of accident

Field Commander

Field Units

Rescue leader

Emergency Response Centre

Emergency call


Emergency Call Handling

Reception of emergency call

Register queriesSupport activities

ACCIDENT

Occupational safetyPreventive measures

Risk assessmentAlerting units

Public authority assistance* Fire services* Police services* Ambulance services* Social welfare services, crisis response services

Fire alarm systemsAlarm devices (e.g. eCall)

Emergency phones

Fixed line and mobile phone network

Public authority network (VIRVE)


ERC Work in Numbers• ERCs receive around 0.8 calls/inhabitant,

amounting to around four million emergency calls per year.

• Around half of these calls result in call outs for emergency response units:– emergency medical services in around 50% of

cases– police services in around 45% of cases– rescue services in around 5% of cases

• Each operator handles around 8,000 – 10,000 emergency calls per year.


• Every third emergency call produces an assignment for the field organisation

- Several calls for the same emergency

- Accidental calls, particularly from mobile phones

- Calls outside the ERC’s scope of duties

- Malicious calls (no SIM needed)


ERC Operator Training

• Basic training: ERC Operators receive basic training in the Emergency Services College and in the Police School (57 study weeks/1½ years)

• Further training: for operators transferred from the rescue services’ municipal emergency response centres and police force’s emergency call centres, at the Emergency Services College in Kuopio, the Police School in Tampere and in the ERCs’ areas (5 study weeks)

• Shift Supervisor training: began as blended training in the Emergency Services College in 2002 (20 study weeks)


Further information:

www.112.fi

www.ecall.fi

www.pelastustoimi.fi/en/

www.intermin.fi


Thank you for your attention

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