dep 2004 & 2004h human development across the lifespan erica jordan, ph.d., university of west...
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DEP 2004 & 2004H Human Development Across the Lifespan
Erica Jordan, Ph.D., University of West FloridaAdapted from Kail & Cavanaugh’s Human Development: A
Life-Span View and Arnett’s Human Development: A Cultural Approach
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Guiding QuestionsWhat abilities and characteristics does the
healthy newborn possess?
What are helpful tips for caring for newborns?
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The Newborn’s Reflexes
Pave the way to get the nutrition newborn needs to grow
Protection from danger
Foundation for larger, voluntary patterns of motor activity
Assess whether newborn’s nervous system is working properly
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Assessing the NewbornApgar score - quick
assessment of newborn’s status at 1 min. and at 5 min.
7 or 8 – 10: healthy4-6: needs special
attention and care3 or less: life-
threatening situation
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Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)Used with newborns up to 2 months of ageEvaluates functioning of four systems:
Autonomic: ability to control body functions (breathing, temperature regulation)
Motor: ability to control body movements and activity level
State: ability to maintain a state (e.g., alert)Social: ability to interact with people
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Newborn’s States(Classification may vary)Alert inactivity: baby is
calm with eyes open and attentive; seem to be deliberately inspecting environment
Waking activity: eye’s are open but seem unfocused while arms/legs move in bursts of uncoordinated motion
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Crying: baby cries vigorously; accompanied by agitated uncoordinated movement
Sleeping: baby alternates from being still and breathing regularly to moving gently and breathing irregularly; eyes are closed
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Tips for Soothing Crying
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SleepingNewborns sleep 16-18 hours/day
Irregular or rapid-eye-movement (REM): irregular sleep where infant’s eyes dart rapidly beneath eyelids, body is quite active
Regular (non-REM) sleep: heart rate, breathing, and brain activity are steady
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Tips for Dealing with Infant Sleep Patterns
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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)When a healthy baby dies suddenly for no
apparent reason
2-4 month-old infants particularly vulnerable
Suggestions: keep away from smoke (second hand and third hand), have them sleep on their back, do not overdress or wrap too tightly
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Growth of the BodyMost rapid in infancy so nutrition extremely
importantBreast-feeding ensures they get the nourishment
they need. Some benefits of strong milk breast-feeding…Increased immunity for infants and fewer allergiesPotentially linked to some health benefits for
mothersCost-effectivePotentially linked to less obesity in later childhood
Malnutrition - being small for one’s age because of inadequate nutrition