AD-AO0 330 DENVER RESEARCH INST CO F/6 18/3MISERS BLUFF SERIES. MISERS BLUFF I AND I TECHNICAL PHOTOGRAPH--ETC(U)OCT B J WISOTSKI. DNAO016V C-0328

UNCLASSIFIED DNA-POR-69a3 "L

iIIIIIIIIIIIIEEEEEllhEEEi~hiE!

///hhlIEWEEEli

) POR 6983

- MISERS BLUFF SeriesMISERS BLUFF I and I[ Technical Photography

University of Denver .

Denver Research Institute

P.O. Box 10127

Denver, Colorado 80210

1 October 1980

Final Project Officers Report

/ /I,

CONTRACT No. DNA 001-76-C-0328

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE;DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED.

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1 DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCYI.. Washington, D. C. 20305

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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BFRE COSMPLETINORMI. REPORT NUMBER 12. jGOVT ACCESSION No. 3 RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

POR-6983 1 3

MISERS BLUFF Series, FnlPoetOfcrMISERS BLUFF I and 12 Technical Photography - Report, OG EOTNME

7. AUTHOR(.) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(s)

,John WisotskiDN01-6C32

9 PERFORMING ORGAN IZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASKUniversity of Denver, Denver Research Institutc. AREA a WORK UNIT N-UMBERS

P.O. Box 10127Denver, Colorado 802,10 . 7,

11. CONTROLLING O0

FICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPO"4 DA~"

Ccmlander, Field Command IO t 8Defense Nuclear Agtency T.NUMBER OF PAGES~

Kirt land Air Force Base, NM 8711 _91414 MONITORING AGENCY NAME 5 ADDRESS(1I different from Controlling Office) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of this relwrf)

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Approved for publ ic releas.e, dit ributi;on un)imin tcd.

17. DISTRIBUTION ST ATEMENT (of the abstract entered In Block 20, It different from Report:

IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

19. KEY WORDS (Conl',us on reverse side It necessry and identity by block nu.mb~r)

MISERS BLUFF I SerIes, Hip1h ExploI.Iv(-. Ph( tofl. tri CMI1SERS BLUFF 11 Series, TNT ColorTvertrTen Event,, AN/F0 Shoo: kwavteTechn ic Il Phntnqraiphy MulIti ple Detona-t ion- CIO' ln Do~v, Inive 11De t onat illn Phe nomnena C ho rye Co!pons t ; i

20. ABSTPRACT (Continuoe on reverse aide if necessary amd Identify by block numeber)

Technicil i nfnrnat ion pcI-ta in i nq to 1/2- ton TNT J(10(01111t !()n J1 Ih fillfrnv, MISERS BLUFF I Series, ind I11-ton AN/En (letclnat ion phe'o!V'(I'I) f In')MISERS BLUFF I I Sir ii's (ii' (1) ai nd ph~I'F icly aInd ohntrwnet rical 11.The tchn ica 1 i nfnrI'at ion cono m ais it- a)I ,ho( '.hnc v(v senarat nn, 511 fa)ce-snUrq(' )ni wiIa I ins cha I-n1 ' ozilt)ls itI i on) e ffect a , nd Cn loudi detI ln nt )tn, r i c

D OR I 143 EIINO NOV GS IS OBSOLETE UCASFE

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Whten Dae. Enleredi

10'

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECT ION Page

I. INTRODUCTION..............................7

1.1 OBJECTIVES........................71.2 BACKGROUND..........................7

11. PROCEDURE...............................14

2.1 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP ..................... 142.2 INSTRUMENTATION AND FIELD OPERATION. .......... 14

2.2.1 Instrumentation and Field Operation forMB I..........................17

2.2.2 Instrumentation and Field Operation fromMB 11........................28

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.........................32

3.1 PHOTOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MB 11-2,CHARGE 5 COMPOSITION.....................32

3.2 COMPARISON OF AN/FO COMPOSITION FROM ALLMB 11 CHARGES..........................38

3.3 SURFACE-SURGE SHOCKWAVE SEPARATION DATA. ....... 423.4 SURFACE-SURGE FIREBALL ANOMALIES ............ 433.5 DYNAMIC EJECTA.........................463.6 CLOUD DATA...........................47

3.6.1 Cloud Height and Diameter Data fromMB I Events 4

3.6.2 Cloud Height and Diameter Data fromMB 1I Events......................69

IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.................80

REFERENCES.....................................81

APPENDIX......................................83

.A

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

F igu re Page

1 Charge. Array for MB 1-8 Event, Twenty-Four1000 Lb. TNT Sphe re ........................... 10

2 Charqe Conf i q ura t ion for MB I I-I Event, 118- Tont,N/ FO Hem i s phe r i ca 1 - Ended Cy I i mler. ................ 11

3 Charge Array for MB 11-2 Event, Six 118-Ton AN/FOHemispherical-Ended Cyl inder . ................... 12

4 Plan View of the MISERS BLUFF I Site Layout ........ 15

5 Plan View of the MISERS BLUFF 11 Site Layout. ......... 16

6 Fingerprints from a Number of Different Types,of High Explosive ............................ 39

7 Aerial Sequences from MB 1l-1 20 Fr/s.Setup Tbrouqh .15S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

8 Aerial Sequences, from MB 11-2 20 Fr/s,Setup Through .15S..........................A5

9 Dynamic Electa Sequecnce from MB I -1 20 Fr/s.,1000 Lb . Sphere., HalIf Bur ied .................

10 Dynamic Ejecta Sequence from MB 1-2 20 Fr/s.1 000 LhU. S u rface, Tanqent Above. ................... 51

11 Dynamic Ejecta Sequence from MB 11-2 -22.4 Fr/s......53

12 Cloud Heigiht vs . Timie from MISERS BLUFF I SingleEvents., Southwest Camiera. Fixed Scale ............. 56

13 Cloud Height vs,. Time MISERS BLUFF I MultipleEvents,, Southwes;t Camera, Fixed Scale ........... 57

14 Cloud Diameter vs,. Tirwe fronn MISERS BLUFF I SingleEvents,, Sou thwes t Ca-e ra. Fixed Sca le..............58

15 Cloud Diamater vs,. Time from MISERS BLUFF Imultiple Events. SouthwestCamra Fixed Scale .. .. ...... 59

16 SGZs, and Wind Direct ion,, for MB I Events. .. ........ 60

17 C loud Sequence from, MB 1-3 Sno thnie t Cwr5.3Fr-/s. Half Bur-ied........................61

LIST OF ILLUSTkATIONS (Continued)

Figure Pagqe

i8 Cloud Sequence from MB 1-2, Southwest Camera*5.19 Fr!',, Surface Tanclent Above ................. 64

19 Cloud Sequence from MB 1-8, Southwest Camera. 6.01 Fr/s 24-1000 Lb. Spheres, SurfaceTanqent Above.............................70

20 Cloud Height vs. Time from MISERS BLUFF I IEvents, Fixed Scale.....................73

21 Cloud Diameter vs. Time from MISERS BLUFF 11Events, Fixed Scale.....................74

22 Clouid Sequence from MB 11-2, North Camera1 Fr/s 6-118 Tons HEC C:Iarqe . .................. 75

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1 Charge Parameters from MB I and Mb II Series ....... . 13

2 Camera Coverage for MB 1-I, 8/2/77 Distancefrom Main Camera Station 503 Ft (153 M) . ........ . 19

3 Camera Coverage for MB 1-2, 8/15/77 Distancefrom Main Camera Station 509 Ft (155 M) . ........ . 20

4 Camera Coverage for MB 1-3, 8/23/77 Distanct-from Main Camera Station 516 Ft (157 M) . ........ . 21

5 Camera Coverage for MB 1-4, 9/7/77 Distancefrom Main 713 Ft (217 M) and 30' Camera Stations . 22

6 Camera Coverage for MB -5, 9/22/77 Distancefrom Main Camera Station 909 Ft (277 M) . ........ 23

7 Camera Coverage for MB 1-6, 10/13/77 Distancefrom Main and 30' Camera S~ations 1004 Ft(306 M) ......... ........................ .... 24

8 Camera Coverage for MB 1-7, 10/26/77 Distancefrom Main Camera Station 915 Ft (279 M) . ........ . 25

9 Camera Coverage for MB 1-8, 12/7/77 Distancu

from Main Camera Station 1413 Ft (431 M) .. ........ . 26

10 Aerial Coverage for MB 1-4. 6 and 8 .. .......... . 27

11 Camera Coverage for MB Il-1, 6/28/78 Distancefrom Main Camera Station 2918 Ft (889 M) .... ........ 29

12 Camera Coverage for MB 1 1-2, 8/30/78 Distance

from Main Camera Station 3359 Ft (1024 M) . ....... . 30

13 Aerial Coverage for MB Il-1 and 2 ..... ........... 31

14 Typical Sieve Analysis of Sand .... ............. . 34

15 FM Tabulations for AN Particles from PDT 11-2,DT and MB 11-2 Charge 5 ..... ................ 35

16 AF Tabulations for PDT 11-2, DT, and MB 11-2,Charge 5 .......... ........................ 35

17 AN and AF Ratios for PDT 11-2, DT and MB 11-2,

Charge 5 .......... ........................ 36

I

LIST OF TABLES (Continued)

Table Page

18 Charge Fuel Oil and Crater Volume for MB II. ........ 40

19 FM Tabulation for MB Il-I and -2 Charges . ....... . 41

20 Assigned Position Numbers to Different Parametersfrom the MB-Il Events ..... ................. . 42

21 Times and Distances where the Main ShockwaveSeparated from the Surface-Surge FireballExpansion ........ ....................... 43

22 Times, Directions and Distances where theShockwave Passed the Surface-Surge Anomalies ..... 46

23 Distances from Cameras to SGZ and from Camerato Camera for MB I Events .... ............... . 67

5

SECTICN I

INTROPD I I PN

1.1 OBJECTIVES

The objective , ()I thi , ...

led iat e- , and late- ti e d l i Ir'

an(I II (MBI and II) SeT i k,, Ic. n'.

ind to analy.,t, and )- p, . . 1'

the ,er e and c ei -inVl , ,-ri ' i,

u ratL n , . The - I SLP-1 U'L

t n( ' h o v i 11;I, , f f-f , t n , * , ,t' , ' ,

t he round , i.,,. , t- - T6

obta n' tel (n 16 i - ) ,

f r, r I i I h t tn 3 ,,

, T h, , t tic it,, t ric r o , rc.' iP Kint icn d i, n(r t ic- rot

the MB I ind I I S I, I h , v I t h i rc-,nt,,d prey iou- y in the

Pruicced ines of the MISERS BLUFF S'no ii> . (Ref. I)

In aidd it ion , the cri plete photoniraphic documentation of MISERS

SLUFF I and II Seri-s is presented in AFWL-TR-79-1149 report ohos( table

()f content, and 1 ist of illustrations arc presented in the Appendix

St i (n n()f this report. (Ref. 2). For the, readers edification the

Appcndix Sect ion also contiins a clan view of the MISERS BLUFF II cloud

ca"cre lay out, Fiqure ]A, which conforms to Fimure 16 in this report

No m-site ;ind di rect ions were obtained dirijr nq these events.

1.2 BACKGROUND

The Denver Research Inst i tute (DRI) part icitpated in the Pro

:. ;sL -- k(-L ...... . . .7

DICE THROW I and II (PDT I and I) Series which were the charge devel-

opment portion of the effort and the forerunner of the 628 -ton AN/FO

detonation of the DICE THROW (DT) Events (Refs. 3, 4 and 5). Prior to

these series, DRI took part in the events of DISTANT PLAIN, MINE SHAFT

and MIDDLE GUST Series and the PRAIRIE FLAT, MIXED COMPANY and Pre-MINE

THROW IV Events from which similar photographic records were obtained.

These large events afforded the opportunity to assimilate information

at expanded spatial and times scales of 10 [1/2 ton, 454 kilogram (kg)],

34 [20 ton (18,144 kg)], 58 [100 ton (90,718 kg)] and 100 [500 ton

(453,592 kg)] times the scale from a 1-pound detonation.

The MB I phase was a cratering series of eight events that were

conducted to provide the initial input for the development of a multi-

ple ground motion and shock environment predictive model. The instan-

taneous energy sources for these events were center initiated spherical

charges composed of cast trinitrotoluene (TNT), mainly weighing 1000-

pounds. The total explosive weight per event ranged from 256 to 24,000

pounds (116 to 10,900 k(j) (Ref. 6).

The MB II phase was a crater inq series of two event,, second

of which utilized a charge configuration which was based upon the re-

sul t' (btai ned fro:, the multi pIe detonat ions of MB I (Ref. 7) . The in-

'tantaneou' energy ,ources for these events were seven-pxint ini tiated,

he, is pher ica ? -ended cy i i nders (HEC) cons t ructed of i nd iv Ju I hags of

AN/FO weiqhing 50 pounds (22.6 kg) each (Ref. 1). The total explosive

weiqht per event ranged f rom 117 to 707 tons (106,000 to 641 .000 kq)

8

Table 1 presents a list of charge parameters relating to the MB I and

II Series. The weights are given in kilograms.

Figures 1, 2 and 3 show charge construction and configurations

for certain events in MB I and II.

-AL

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SECTION I I

PROCEDURE

2.1 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

The MiSERS BLUFF test series, was comprised of two phases,

Phase I was conducted at the White Sands Miss,, )e Ranqe (WSMR) ,New

Mexico and cofls i-sted of a crater inq series, of e qht event,,. Three out

of the eiqht event-, (4, 6 and 8) were mul tiple detonat ioms made up of

hexaclonal arrays, (Events 4 and 6) and a 24 unit array cons tructed of

seven hexaclonal 1 ect ion', (Event 8).The c ha roe swe r e i n e it her aon-

tocnt , half- or- fu I 1-hurled conf iqorat ions. The oeo boiy for Phasec I

consisted of a level ar- that had a 7- to 8-foot 0 t) , 2. 12- to 2.44-

roeter (r) de ep *iater table. 01 th I itt le or no caliolie present. Based

Upon0T c xt en', iv aurer Ik drI ilIlIi n oi, a tes ,t b ed o f thI-.e r e q t i red oi ...as

C C ct ed on T tf QueenICO 15 s it e o f t hec W SM R fa c iIi ty ( Ref. .

Phase I I .. >condurctedl at Planet Ranch i n Ari zona a-nd con,,i ,tcd

fto e ,n t. Thet firs tL tev I It as Ja si1)le 1 1 7-t on (10 o6.0 ,nnnko AN /F 0

eton, in h rea c the sn even t iwas )ad ( p oft a Ne iaona i array

(a /0/ twi, (641 .000 1,0 oif AN/FO. The tei-f hef Hi in a relaitivlv,

drty rivi hji i .-iroei bojy eons i-is, -'-milV oft depri)Jtk t I nd and

ilravt- l .-;i t a -ia1tL-f ttb (' I dt the t il!me of tihlte' e ts* O e a 1l

re-,thilt pred~icted Cr-itrr dep'Jth (Ref. 9). Fiour" 14 and rsn

olin view o)f the I-mol t ple arraiys aint relaf ye positions, oft hc eImse-

I n c~imtras in MR I arid ISre

2.2 INSTRUMENTATION AND FIFLD) OPERATION

The i technical Jmlot0iffrifrlric crV(-irmic Imt the met mat ion

plmtm rimrr l, fir) ( Im " )H6~ tILl/FF I )nd I I ~i.( mode t~ irmr (irund

14

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CAMERA STATION 121.9M

FIGURE 5. PLAN VIEW OF THE MISERS BLUFF U SITE LAYOUT

16

level and aerial stations. The ground level stations varied in number

and position fron, event to event depending upon whether the detonations

were singular or multiple. The altitude of the aerial station, which

recorded only the multiple bursts in MB I phase and both of the bursts

in MB II phase, changed with the variations in the strength of the

detonations.

2.2.1 Instrumentation and Field Operation for MB I

The technical photography for the events of MB I was furnished

by DRI, WSMR and the Williamson Aircraft Company (WAC). DRI provided

the technical supervision for the photographic effort in addition to

supplying high-speed cameras [26,000 frames per second (fr/s)], photo-

electric (photometric) devices and electronic recording equipment.

WSMR provided high-speed photography from ground stations at

framing rates up to 5000 fr/s to record fireball development and inter-

action, surface surge, shockwave propogation, and cloud development and

rise. The aerial coverage of the multiple detonations before, during

and after the events was performed by WAC using high-speed, stereo* and

st i 1 1 cameras.

Most of the ground-level cameras for the singular and multiple

bursts for MB I were located at one main camera station situated appro -

imately south of surface ground zero (SGZ) at distances which ranged

from about 500 ft (152m) to 1400 ft (427m). The cloud development and

rise for all the events were photographed from two remote ground sta-

tions located at about 6,000 ft (1829m) to 9,000 ft (2743m) from SGZ at

'Camera, film and support supplied by U.S. Geological Survey,Flaqstaff, Arizona, courtesy D.J. Roddy.

17

-,w . _ . . ..

an angle of about 70 deqree (70") from each other. The multiple events

were photographically and photometrically covered by DRI from three

ground stations for MISERS BLUFF I, Events 4 and 6 (MB 1-4 and MB 1-6)

and from five other locations for MISERS BLUFF I, Event 8 (MB 1-8).

Tables 2 throuqh 9 present a list of ground surface cameras used during

the MB I Events. Table 10 lists aerial cameras employed during the

multiple events of MB I.

In the listings presented in Tables 2 through 9, the remote

stationed 70mm Photosonic IOR cameras, used to document the cloud, were

actually located closer to the north and west than as indicated to the

northwest and southwest of SGZ, respectively. Station position names of

northwest and southwest will be used throughout this report in order not

to confuse already published information on these camera coverages.

The lens values in these tables are given in millimeters (mm)

,and their apertures in f-stop numbers. The nominal framing rates are

pre -. ntud in frarmes per second (fr/s). The Hycan and Nova framing rates

rnsd trow) about 4500 to 5500 fr/s. Their exposure times in seconds

,Wr r , egual to (l/2.5)x(fr/s)]3. The Photosonic IOA framinq rate

.1,, 20 fr/s wiith an exposure of (1/3600)s, i.e., 2 degree (20) shutter.

Th. Phot,(nic IOR framini rate was 6 fr/s with an exposure of (1/1080)

,, 1.('., 2 ',hutter. The ground station DB Milliken cameras were oper-

jt,,1 It 400 or 300 fr/s with shut ter settings of 36" which gave expo-

.ur, ties of (1/36OO)s and (1/3000)s, respecLively. The Dynafax

(. V, exosures of les, than 1 microsecond (;.s) at 26,000 fr/s.

The wri,j l B i il liken cameras were olerate t-w i lh di fferent

,J , n . d,'ptwndinij on the camera, framing rates and the films

18

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77 '7 -7 (Z (7aN C C:1 'C C )C

- ( 07

rC '2 r~r r~~r 07 r~ GC'072~L26C

L,: LLCc

CU

- C C -El C: (N (N C

-cc -4* Cf- El

'.0D

CCID

UC-

-- C ~ N C-- C C (N

- -C CC or, C?

- ~~ -ccc c

"L _T- C-

> ~ -. c C C~ ccC27

tha,)t Weet I I d .The Fas-;t ax came tra expos ure was e-(IualI to (0/2.S) x

rs s AllI comie r a- rQcoric (I an 1 6mm for ola ts except f or t he Phlot o-

sa n i c care- rash 1 ch reco rded on 70mm11 form ats,

The t-i 111' Is t i 1 i Zed hbV t he Ca11111- I, I i st ed( in these I II t le, "Jere

2 2 41, E kt ach rome EF (EF) I E 4149, Ek tach11rome I R (I R) ;72 56, Ek tach rome

MS (M") 24 76., L inatla-Ip h ShelI hurs ,t (SB ) and( 2445 , Ae rocalIor Neqat lyve

(Aeo . The Ni kan camerIa emplo(yed Ektachrame 64 ([K 64) 1ili

2.2.c nns r ta t i on a nd F iLd Oe ra t ion Fro- MR II

ThIte tc h n ical p ho t on ra ph v forI t he t tio eve nts" o f MR jaa. fur -

n i shd c by D R I ,WA C, a nd U S GS. DR I provided the ttroundl level cove r-aCe

wh il1e WAG and U500 prCddara OV0Ira)(t'e. esidsthe technical

photri-ph\ . OR I .jpl ied test -het ohottittiiphy ()f !mi I i tarv hardware and

stI ruct1I-' tire 01o hot h evenrts. Thesecaeras ere si tuated in the 100 to

2 poutnds per square inch (i )i 68Q to 13.7 ki lopascals (kPa) pressure

rc, t) on . Tat, l(,,s 1, 12 audt 13 preset a I s ,t of Cameras, emIIplIoye d dur inot

t he MB I I eve'nts

Most Ot the I11( 1)es .iesadaprtiiest tints and caMeras,

nt atL- es l antep sr it res 1 i sted i n Talesk 1 1 ,12 -Ind 1 3 are

tsi i l l) to1 ths prsetd in1 t he' FC previous t ahe t-,Ir the) MR I E vents

T He onl I i ( ftcretic k-s Ire i n the~k typ o') f cJtaas tti i i .'etILIV i InM t ha MR

I I Evet.. The Frst ox camra foIra-i nup rate ra-nttett I TO lirnci to r) 00

I~ t ' at o- exposre t Id(/2 r x fr~s s The HLulcher cafIras had

;0, ftf o t', and a (te( C Iprtl( at an) (eXpasu t. tie I' (I f 28) T he

Ltrc-, tit iIi zed ai 36 Irt tecr , t t in asrI , alld the, PR M ill i kt nso Or -

,It irut a t 40D 1 r5 The nil Mill t1-crr )pr t it at~ 25 0 1r a1 pltrei an d I

1I t te aI t t 1

28

I.- F-

-C a) -r ) -

41) *- ) C)- C~- -j ~ -iC F(V C)C) E)( IU

C) C) CD C) 0 0 CCC0- > t-0)- (D- -- o) c(C) 0 :3

C) (r\ LA L)) u ('N--Lt ( )0: j w m m m m T T (

tN4 NJ Cl NJ C) NJ J NJ N-4 C) r4 C) r4 NJ NJ r14 0 0 0 MV MVC )C )Cu.) CD ( C)1 0 V u (n u 0 C-1 0 C D C 1 ( (-' - - - C - --- ~ C

(A ( L f\(A V Ln L (A) (A (/A L U -I\( V) (A (A U C) u (-) L-) L) w w mUL UL U (

-c0 0-

C- L L LU LU LU LU ") (A (A (A (A (A co (A (A (A (A (A 00 LU LU LU LU LU I-

C(N C.

U)

O-NJ00~ Co (

coo) 00 0:

C) C C C)C) C) C)C)C)C(DOC)CD C) C)CDC) C) 0 0 C))C) 0 .c.4- CD 0 (D C) C)0C) CN 04C N CQ (DC) (DC) - - - t I U- f'Lr)JLfL U. U"

LU ..- C)C))CC - C CsC)O C)NNN cNJ cE U-(LI- Lr\LfU-U\ \D'In 0 0

-0~~~- LU V£'L

0 - r

'I).( C) U.. C)r r' - f\C r nU ' f\( 0 0 C " nL\C ) C ) 0 0u.

-- ) 9 . . . . .

mC)(A 0 II C)L \ rntf\LI-co -Z- -7 -T -_- -rC)C4 CIA L If~fCCC C)T)C C), D Z .I :r 7 S T

(V (V U.rNC N ( -)l )-)U.L C) A -

L. .) -

LrN~~~O Lr\ C U\)n

.. . - 1 -

EC)(V D 0 C - --- - -'L\UNC -- nL- r - .r (. f-. .~ . .

Ei~(o C: C)CCCCCN)CCCCCCC))))))'cNc cN c z-~

o- r.i x-xx - - N ----- N

C) ~ r CCOCCCri C)) E: C)

r- (V )- X) - .o

(V >- (V (V (V (V) 0 _rC rC _r_ %A - L.. .- - z C -.C VU.) r U u u U U (V (V (V (oV I

CO :::3 D:3 n >- >->-:3 :3 w m m w m TC1 = m: am n CD in CO :I_ m m Ul Wl (n n C) C-)

C c C_ C C c c Cm c c c C C14 -ZT C) a. C. C. cl C, C-

(V(V(Vri(Z 0 M m mV ro (V(M ------M . Z f (D CC)C(D ( U- 1 3 )).>C

29

TABLE 12. Camera Coverage for MBI -2, 8/30/78

Distance from Main Camera Station 3359 Ft (1024M)

Stat ion Camera Lens Aperture Framing Rate Film View

Main Hycarm 25 8.0 5000 IR SGZ

Main V-a ,tax 100 3.5 5000 EF Chgs 5(6)-250' LT

Main Fistax 100 3.5 5000 EF 250'-500' LT

Ma n fastax T0 3.5 5000 EF 500-750' LT

Ma t, Fast ax 100 3.5 5000 EF 740'-1000' LT

Main Locam 10 5.6 I1o EF SGZ-Cloud

Main 0B Mill iken 16 5.6 400 EF SGZ-Cloud

Main Hulcher 150 4.5 20 Aero SGZ

Main Hulcher 240 5.6 20 SB Chgs 5(6)-500' LT

Main Hulher 240 5.6 20 SB oo'- lOOi' LT

Main HuILher 240 5.6 20 SB Chqs 3(2)-500' RT

Main Hulcher 24o ,.6 20 SB 500-1000' RT

M-2 Fastax 25 2.3 5000 EF SGZ-Chqs 3 & 4

M-2: Fa,,tax 35 2.0 5000 EF SGZ-Ch ', 3 4, 4

M-2 DB Milliken 12.5 4.0 4OO EF SGZ-Chgs 3 4 4

AA Hulcher 150 5.6 20 SB Chis 4 (31-RT

BB Huicher 75 5.6 20 SB SGZ-Chqs 2 ., F

CC- Hulcher 150 5.6 20 SB Chp, 6(1)-LT

AA Dynafax IS1 32.0 26000 SB Chqs A F, 4

BB Dynafax' 100 32.0 2600n SB Ch;, 2 F

CC Dynafax* 100 32.0 26000 SB Ch,. 1 F, F

AA DB Mill ken 12.5 4.o 250 FF SGZ-Ch, 2 F. ,

BB DB Milliken 12.5 5.6 400 E F SG-Chi 2 F, 5

CC DB Mill ikn 50 4.0 250 EF Mountai hehrn. Ch 6 (

D-I Fastax Streak 1250 11.- 2F.q0 ChQrs 6 4

D-2 Fast,ix Streak'

1240 11.0 2 4QR Chqt, 4 F. r

D- 3 Fa,,tax Streak 1250 11.0 - 2498 Chqs 2 G 3

S: DB Mill iken 25 4.o 250 EF S, 0 -C Iroud

D SB Mi 1 liken11

100 4.0 24O EF Mrrunta i' above Chr I

S - Hulcher I10 5.6 n.% SB C Iiud

N' Hulilher 15r) 5.6 . SB C CIou'l

AI-v. HuILher Ir1,0 .4 0.I SB C loud

100 Pi DB Mill iken 12.5 4.0 2q" EF F er t -Pad

0 P,i DB Mill iken 12.5 4.0 2 EF iekta-TaretI20 Pi DB Mill ken 12.5 4.0 250 El Fe ta-Tariet

10 Pi DB Mil iken 12.5 4.0 250 Ef Ejecta-Tarqet

4 P., DB Mill i,.n 50 4. 0 2r) FF [ i e 1a-Overall

M-2 - 2200 Ft (61 0 M) fr- SGZ o n a Ii ne ha I fway between Charoes 3 and 4

AA - 1702 Ft (4,I M) fron SGZFIB - 1(66 Ft tO-q M) fro, SGZ

C - 6,7 Ft (511 M) fror SGZ

l ', ,hutter problem , - no data

t ,, %,v,-vnt ff 407 - no data

D-I 3 3), Fr 10 M) fron' SGZ

P l-.' iA D-1 21,'l Ft (723 M) fro, SGZ

L,, T,; *iir ,.low 'pe'd - I t data41ii F' 1 72 M) ttrm sGZ

{,)' r , ;,I r , I ..,'t ,it i

N " A., 1', I r, F t )4 q M fr('rn 'Gz, , , 7 , 7 M )

30

-l L/~ U) X< L L, '

(D C -:: CD rl c0 c, (N 0D cq 0

-- 7 CD~ -n 0 1

o ~ ~ ~ (- 'l o . o oco -0

(Nr

CC-

C) Ln C)0 LXD 00 c0 c (

-J-

-ZC

- ~C CD C) (N-tD 0 C C

-C -C -C 0 __

cCD -zi

-cN -LJ

SECTION I I I

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The data presented in this report are based on information ob-

tained from photographic and some photometric records. The output para-

meters associated with the MB I and I Series are presented in the

following paragraphs in a sequence which was indicative of the detona-

tion process, i.e., from initiation to cloud development and rise in-

dependent of the charge diagnostics data already presented in the

previously mentioned report (Ref. 1).

3.1 PHOTOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MB 11-2, CHARGE 5COMPOS IT ION

Since the presentation of the detonation diagnostics from

MISERS BLUFF I and II Series, there has been some recent data generated

based on the AN/FO conipos i t ion th iich m ay have had a di rec t ef fect u non

the blastwave output characteri st ics . The fundarental reason for

ana lyz inn the AN/FO corpos i t ions was that thero, ;ere apparent probl, ':s

associwte.d wi th the, MB II AN/FO dctonat ion,, (Ref . 1 . ,'':ch carl heI

;hol ly or part ial, attributed to( the J ir,, (w'posi tior, 'hen co ared

to the de, tonation charact s,t ic, f r'- POT 11-2 a1 1 -T Phttoetric

record in:5 of the col r tc-'"pcrat t: i ) C, l[ r,;t, ( if I0 I -2 Event

was ahout 25 I,... The vr l ;, I i;h t I r I .ix char esc

was only 12 of th, avcrae f w t PDT I I-it, I .e - ! ard +

0,n 'f fo}rt ,.,1, ade: to> iter ir, ti ' r, I ' t rso .. : 0 jhar,:,,

corlpwoit inM, j.,. tAt rlat i.e, .I , ,:ill u Ifac

area ,11 fuel oi (FO) Iic. r 2 * 1 i coi tFO)erate, C

.ind phft( " r c hfia r ti ',t d rI i , r T- r tIit, iha -r 1 atr-

i l W,s in tht' fir'11SEPS ILU I I f -i r .II' -RU BLLJFF I Srie,

3?

consisted of spherical TNT detonations no analysis were made on the

charges other than their initiation times which were covered in the

diagnostics report. (Ref. 1).

Two of the most outs anding physical differences between the

AN/FO Events of DICE THROW and MISERS BLUFF were in the average FO per-

centage and the percentage of AN particle-size distribution. The MB 11

AN particle-size distribution was skewed toward the fine particles

(Refs. 10 and 11). An increase in fine particles will increase the total

particle-surface areas for a fixed weight of explosive. Since an opti-

mum FO coating is required, nominally 6 percent, No. 2 diesel fuel, an

increase in AN surface areas is expected to cause an increase in the

total requirement of fuel oil in order to maintain an optimum surface

coating. In reality, the MB II charges not only were high in fine AN

particles but low in FO.

If the AN/FO composition is cons idered to be similar to that in

a concrete m:ix, where the fineness cf the aggregates is controlled with-

in limits for a specific strength of concrete desired so that each par-

ticle is coated with the cohesive material (cement and water) in a spec-

ified amount, a fineness modulus (FM) can be incorporated in a similar

manner to an AN/FO mixture.

In concrete mixtures (Ref. 12), a measure of acceptable surface

areas of the agqreqate (sand, gravel and stone) is made by us ing a fine-

ness modulus (FM) number which is based on sieve size numbers (see Table

14 from Ref. 12). As Lxample, the sand FM of 3.70 was obtained by add-

inq the retained percentage (L, ) of a sieve to the succeeding sieves and

dividinq by 100, i.e., No. 4, 20 percent; No. 8, 15 percent; Ni. 16, 20

33

rw) ct't No. 30, 1I prktnt'rit No. 50, 20 -rc t 'Ind No). 100, 10,

c flt . in cn Ac c pt-lh1 1 c n ic t It xturr-, tO it ; -Ctkflt.i(w t - ltnd l ' .

th W ,''o cn1 van' t(I d oi I, -, C .-C h h''j) thc FM vai I 1- 1 1 t h ir , c, ir -

t r -,) 7,1'.. Th, v i i t i i n i t1w ,ii )v,,, , x,;"t r [ oI,, it . i-,.-

t i rn 'kI , o tt 1 t th ' Ii Ii tr.rt i ,vt , ' . - . t ho FI F 3 ,.7)

iLn , t .r t, . , ,i ox, 1, it 14, 25 O Ic ,ntI rx. 8. tr' 4, -

n t No. 16, 1 ,, t N . 30, 25 1)'r' 'nt . 50, N1 I)' 1, I' t Pr N.

100, I% r ,'t 1 1 o ;v, in FM tif 3.70. Ift the ;,,it i .- l.

cLni dc t 1 I. in .,ii 1 ,i ihfh

F I tt ,, .. , PI0ant 1.

, i tr, , t 3 + .0 16 S+ 1 +I 't rt i li., S .',L) 2 5 2 1

Tr, 1 . , 61 0 r 1 , 1) 1-14

Iwo r 6 4 30 3. 1o>

2 1 ~> 3 31) 0

1 1 ,I X I L -

' I ' II'.

14

" - " | i I "+ I - II " - :

Ba-,ed on Mesrs. Swi sdak and Peckham s ana lys is of the averaqe

AN particlte-size distributions for PDT I -2. DT and MB I I, tabulations

.. err 'ade. ol the FM and presented area factor (AF) for the AN particles

thin the char(s .hic ,. h are prcesente( in Table 15 and 16, respecti

i \ v I .

TABLE 1. FM Tahu lat ion for AN Part ic les fromPDT 1 -2, DT and MB 11-2 Charge 5

Si eve Size FM

Pan 35 20 16 14 12 10 6

PDT II- 100 99 98 4 88 72 6 0 5.57

1 1 4 6 16 66 6 0 --

DT 100 99 93 95 37 62 25 0 5.66

1 I 3 8 2,5 37 25 0 --

B0 72 6 32 1 O0 4.62

I / 20 16 24 21 1 1 0 --

T-,RLF 16. AF Ta)Ou'l i< i i r PDT II-2, OT, and MB II-2, Charqe 5

E e en Sieve, Size AF

35 20 I6 14 12 10

P'DT I1-? 35 20 o6 224 702 60 1.24

1 4 6 16 66 6 --

(, nt 3, 12 350 420 250 1 .29

3 25 37 25 --

"'', II-. ?4, K'' 56 i36 252 110 i .60

(--- - 214 2 1 11 - -

35

Notice the amount of surface area contribution by the high

number s i eve (sma I I open i n, foir the MB i -2, chq. 5, as compared to

the PDT l1-2 and DT AN/FO chare-,.

The presnted , rca fictor (AF ha' ed on assumed - phcricaI or

cubical geoetries and on prrcenti, rtntd (cxcluding pan) is, as it

should be, very nearly inverelv proportional to the FM. The AF nui-

bers were obtained by addinl t he numbers, de rived by muItip lvig the

sieve number by the retained percentage and dividing by 100. Table 17

presents the AN and AF ratios numbers based on Me s -, S,..i dak and

Peckham's AN/FO data.

TABLE 17. AN and AF Ratios for PDT 11-2, DT and MB 11-2, Charge 5

Event FM FM Ratioi AF AF Ratio

PDT 11-2 5.57 1.21 1.24 1.29

DT 5.66 1.23 1.29 1.24

MB 11-2, chq. 5 4.62 1.00 1.60 1.00

FM Ratios: (PDT 11-2)/(MB 11-2, chg. 5) and (OT)/'(MS II-,. Chq. 5)AF Ratios: (MB 11-2, chq. 5)/(PDT 11-2) and M B II- , ch(. 5) /(DT)

Note that compari son of MB II 2, ch, . 5 l t PfT I -2 and DT in-

dicate a 24 to 29 percent (27 average1 ;Icr,a, l T, iarea f r

the MB 11-2, ch . 5. Note hon close the FM *,, , sr, n

va 1 ue.

Based on Messr,. Swisdak and Peckha: . th., V , u ot-r

the above events are a , follow,,:

PDT 1 1-2 6.0 + 0. 4

DT 6. 1 + r. L,MB 11-2, chg. 5 5 + I.

36

,, i il --t I I i lI - . . ..

I i iI I :

If a consideration of 0.7 percent FO reduction for MB 11-2,

chg. 5 based on an ideal amount of 6 percent [(0.7/6)100 11.7,)]

coupled with an averaqe inc rease of 27 percent in AN area, (over the

averaqe) indicated for PDT 11-2 and DT, .eu I d present a ma or AN sur-

face coatinq problem. This condition cz)uld have been accentuated

further in certain reqions of the AN/FO charge for MB 11-2, chu. 5 if

the deviation of -1.2 percent was considered [(0./ + 1.2) (100)/6 =

31.7 ] coupled with the 27 percent increase in AN area which could have

produced very little or no FO coating of the AN prills in the oi)r

portions of the MB 11-2, charie 5.

Photoqraphic and photometric results obtained by DRI, Ref. 1.

indicate that the averacle fireball surface color termperaturt- ,f MB 11-2,

chq. 5 was only 5570"K whereas the DT charge gave an averaqe fireball

-urface color tem perature of 7030"K. If the erisslivitv of the t,.-o

cha ruqe ecre cons idered to be the same, then, by the Stefan-Bo1t zrtan

law vihere the peak intensity output of the source varies a- the fourth

power of their temperatures,, their ratio would (JiVe a value ()- 2.54

,.,hich is only 39 percent )f the, DT peak intensity. Actual lv, the MB

11-2, cho . 5 pr()duce(d a hiqher inten sity than the averaqe of all six

charues in MB 11-2 who-e totnl peak output vas only 12 percent of the

ex )ected valu ( b,1ed o(n DT ,and PDT 11-2 scaled value- (Ref. 1

Rcent I DRI developed a procedure of phase re I at i nq two photo-

et ric si nal 1 1)tained t rori a number of ev nt s. One is based on

hr,,,haid unit I ;,ht r-adiat ion (ULR) Iqnal and the other on narrowhand

ILR iinal . Th ,ensor, fwr the two tJLR devices were of the sae

37

A1

raterl'ial, excct t hat n c r,ceivi d a I tht coIlmr radiat i)n it via

cIpa le Sf n inC anId the 0thlr rt'C, i ve ( in I nir 7,r -h,-and r ,d i inn

in the red rei ion kpak at 725 nvi) Th-e rcnu t,, t ( in ()ui di ff I ,nt

charv.'C u-L' U haI rlat i nshirs (Ii 'ai )us pat tern,.) are ;,re.,,, nted

in Fi urte 6. The uti I i/at ion ,f ULR ',innal er'i\', the kft tCt (f the

device' dI ,tan e-, an) the 'ftect it qe( e t Ir ic eX)ans 1 in t e c ha]r-, ,

e f her CaI v rus cy i ndr i --a

Th e a ur d if tcr e e i n t he' ratti-Fr" r , , I ft

AN/FQ (tL onati in c n i1w t, if lt'd it '. 't r-- • i , ' ihu-

it imn cf-,N ii ii ' tic e--tiz , - T,,

J -t, rcncc in the 8- ;iund Pen t i t t. (ro , <IC P)TN .'-)(I '' n

T-T rj - r, T N T ;rait t rn" can '- i)t t isc :t 1 t I ,. t-

, .t .' P 'r l( ] ] ' I 1 . ii , .. n t ;iu it T N T iai lic , , , r -' (., -

' - - , i t i- t T h i .t t t . ' ,

I r..l t'' t I IP' ' d 'c t - ), W ,l )I)(! )[ r)LC.t'V I ' i ! L '1) 1, f ,1 '1, I ] , T ;'

' r t ' TNIT i(! M I I - ar . 4 ,

hi,s'. . i i . r ' [i-i t ri ,

P: P 1 11i 0P N /F P C In ' IT I 'N , i I,,' r' .,i , , t ' ' ' ' 'u 1-- .

, ' ' ,' , H '[ , i , i ]! , ! () ! , I ;t , f: i l : ' .. i , !8

x cc

ocL

La I

I I Do La

- C

39-

there oa olie tendency to show that CE may also have been effected

by the va IL es of FO and FM. The charye averaqe fuel oil and crater

volumes (ft3 ) valIOte for the MB I1-1 and -2 Events are presented in

Table 18.

TABLE 18. Charge Fuel Oil and Crater Volume for MB I

Fuel Oil Crater Volume"]Event (percentage) (f t 3)

MB I-I 6.7 + 1.3 54,4oo

MB 11-2-1 5.6 + 1.1 74,800

MB 11-2-2 4.3 + 1.3 73,000

MB 11-2-3 6.0 + 1.7 45,000

MB 11-2-4 5.4 + 0.7 37,700

MB 11-2-5 5.3 + 1.2 66,400

MB 11-2-6 6.0 + 1.2 90,500"Prel i'vinary data froi Benson, K et al, MISERS BLUFF,Phase II, MISERS BLUFF Sy-iposiur, March 27-29, 1979.

Tht FM va lue, for the seven AN/FO charqes in MB I I - I and 2

Evcnt ,, irt ren e d in Table 19. Note that a 11 the charqe, hal FM

va lues ..hich i.r i..c les' than the values f,,r- PDT 11-2 and DT AN/FO

cha r 1

40

k : -- 9i

TABLE 19. FM Tahulat ion For MB I1-I and -2 Charq,-s

Charge Sieve Size FM

MB II Pan 35 20 16 14 12 10 6

100 93 91 77 55 25 6 0 4.522 7 14 22 30 19 6 0 --

2-1 100 99 91 80 67 41 15 0 4.921A' 8 11 13 26 26 15 0 --

2-2 100 9q 90 72 56 33 11 0 4.61'1 9 18 16 23 22 11 0

2-3 100 Q8 90 72 57 36 13 0 4.661

* 7 18 15 21 23 13 0 --

2-4 100 qq 91 75 59 34 12 0 4.70I 3 16 16 25 22) 12 0 -- ,

2-5 100 9c, (2 72 56 32 11 0 4.62]1 / 20 16 ?4 21 11 0 --

2-6 100 q o4 83 70 47 20 0 5. Ili10_ _ 1_ 23 ? / 20 0 -

Criura I-i urn0r err 1 %l to the CF t(I the MB II charqes, hv

a,, inini ,trrr , r t ion numhe- , tor CF, FM. FO and the hwo ter simnul tan-

t'v f in I at i (I .......Ih , t ) V,It , o# on (I ,,.-a s , (Irlntd to

toc lalt,;,t valu ,,, t l [ rlr FM, t t, tihe t vlst v Itit, of F0 t) 6 er-

r1 t ' hi h thc l ,'-t pe 'rcent d' 'viIt in ard to1 the he-t si "I ltinitt

ko-,t or jrt r, > (I) rn then n eet -ai r i n ( ltt I I- to valu o f

...-"n /) . e-n TIah 1, 20 lort 1W hI a- I n- diut, r t h ti n rtf eC nt

T .t hrh;trn , he ir wn r ,!rh I het tor i - t he va itie

41

TABLE 20. Ass, iq ned Pus it i on Numbers, to D Dif k2 ren tPa rame te rs F romI The MB-fI Evcn ts

Cha ri t2 ?M FO

52 7 6

2-I1 2 2 3

2-2 3 7

2- 3 6 3 3 2?

2-4 76 141

7 6

2-6 1 I

TK' (i-I, i nd i ct i un t hit 11 tIk, dtdiri-tr (erc 1,, tlod as-

pus 1) 1 ci .a. dI k) r c rt ?-1 6. S mc t K-, i wncd I) iheri - not

-'iqhte'd tV- tw OtI Ct (d eCnh IMu'tce CL., the uthor CE valne-,

-oI'y hcave c- It f.c ( kd iy a ( anp (W( in tee , 'I" x - . , 11 1, 1, FM and FO.

intl--lind ni at ((H> 11-(v uic "ito tjtouluiy thait the I nrAher thte

chantes A-(e ) rthKcri n uto t- 1 dind 6, the 1-101re tiuq )Jic-

I v e r i n q t her F I

P ce1I1"0) navy dalta It c et-n.1" t i I, M I SP!S BLUFF , Ph,]se I IMIS E RS BLIJFF 1),-u- , k Muai ( t -(

3.- 3 di Mt 11( -SURSI >HMtCKWAVt S[ C;\RAI liwl

Tn i-ncd w) i o h-~t ncl unt IF 11-~pn cci cuj h,) t w

* . t i 'n I I -i - c I i T- , r - ( "b if t '1 u i Oll

42

The PDT and DT AN/FO Events indicated that the shockwave from the HEC

charges separated much sooner than an equivalent TNT spherical charge

placed tangent to the surface.

The results from MB 11-1 and MB 11-2, chg. 5 indicated slightly

longer separation times and distances than did the DT Event. See

Table 21.

TABLE 21. Times and Distances Where The MainShockwave Separated From The Surface-Surge

Fireball Expansion

Event Time Distance(ms) (m) (ft)

MB ll-I 22.2 56.1 184

MB 11-2, chg. 5 28.7 68.2 224

DT1 20.4 53.3 175

Scal ot-down average of ,;x readings

3.4 SURFACE-SURGE FIREBALL ANOMALIES

Surface-surge anomalies were photogIraphed during the MB Il-I,

troiw both aerial and surface cameras. Figure 7 shows two anomalies

fr , M B 1l-I as photoqraphed with an aerial camera. The multiple deto-

n,aCions of MB II-2 did not seem to produce obvious anomali es on the

outer perimeter of the array as can be seen in the photographic sequence

ircctwded aflmv. the event shown in Fiqure 8. Since fireball anomalies I,ir(' lenerally photoqraphed rather late in the fireball expansion phase,

on , 1 i e 1s riay have ex i,,ted in between the charqes for the MB 11-2

Ev,nt hut ,re interacted before they could bt- formed outs ide their

, I irc , , , , i . i r ,,t4lv the ,a lie frni MB 11-1

43

U')I

(10~

U--,

a ccc

cn

cc

L,

LP)

LLJ

crc

44

Cd,

LC))

kjVd)

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crJ

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=D

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'45

TablIe 22 indicate, that there .,cerc tour major anomal cs frorl

MB 1 1-1 and that their ini tial wx~n mn,(re rmcar those( observed

froim the DT Event.

TABLE 22. Times, Directiomains d 1P tanct:s, where theShoe kwa ye Pased the SULi I ce- 5 Li r~ ie noma1 i es

Event T ime D ire.c t i (m, D ist anrce He i qht(ils) (deqies (r(,) (ft ) (mn) (ft

MB 1l1-1 1201 123 133 435 12.2 39.9

MB 11-1i 289- 120 393 7.7 25.2

MB 11-1 100 226- 102 336 - -

MB 1l-1 150, 351' 126 412- -

DT 107 329 138 2453 5 .9 1(1. 2

DT 102 344 135 414l 8 .2 20. 4

DT' - 208 +m ) +'± - -

Ground l evel1 Fa-,tox Cammieras ( 4800 f! i-/- t i;:1 and,pa t i a 1 resoIu t ion miomd.Overhead Huicher Camerai ( 20 f/>off-axis view, anqjularrcesolution (lood, ,spatial r-sol Lt ionl (1oo, t ime resolut ion poor.ScalI d-Ltown data to MB 11 -1.We-nt out of vi.j of cammera.

3.5 DYNAMIC EJECTA

The MB I Events, itenera 1Ily immm c or(, dyn,-mo c e ,cc ta ..h ich

rave lied beyonid the fir h)al 1 surface-sureW req (ion than did MB 11

F[vn ts The -a in reaso(n for the di fferemmct inas (tie to) the crater re-

1 tid eICo lt" het .een the twol test ite,-- The Queenr 15 test si t 11had

t( hA T-ore cohasi ve oil I '., tf ), a nt I. ti! IIe na r the1c test s u rf ace

emsa t9 i m'ic 16 RV~l it- me)mmd lit d sa in d qralvel n!i ti

I ittl' ti i. 'Irldmi ). i tm I m

46

As expected the half-buried detonations of MB I Series produced

much more dynamic ejecta than the surface tangent detonations. See

Fiqures 9 and 10. Figure 11 presents a sequence from MB II Series.

Note that there were no obvious ejecta throwout beyond the fireball

debr is .

3.6 CLOUD DATA

Cloud measurements were made on a number of the photographic

sequences from MB I and II Events. The data are based on measurements

made fro. only one camera aspect and with a fixed scale (preshot,

referenced in SGZ), i.e., no adjustments were made for photographic

scale chanqes durinq tracki nq.

3.6.1 Cloud Heiqht and Diameter Data from MB I Events

The, cloud heiqht versus time plots from the single and multiple

event Of MB I are presen ted in Fiqures 12 and 13 respectively- whereas,

the diarcter vrsus time pllfs from the single and multiple events of

MB I ar' pr(esented in Fi qur(, 14 and 15 respectively. These data were

oh ained fr-wi the photomraphic records riade at the southwest camera

station since this station did obtain records with the lea"t change in

,calk, due to the cloud drift. See Figtire 16. Table 23 presents the

di stanc- from the two 70mm recording cameras during MB I series.

In qeneral, the plots indicate that the full- and half-buried

Sl ha ries lproduce clouds that rose faster and higher than the

cl<ud,, pro)duc'd n' tht, sa, e v qi ht of charqe placed tangent to an Ceu I-

va 1 'ill ,urflc,. Sk.(' Fi( u-I , 17 and 18. There appears to he, for sofme

47

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FIGURE I7 CLOUD SEQUENCE FROM M BI -3, SOUTHWEST CAMERA@ 5.93 FR/S, HALF BURIED,

61

7S los

15S 20 S257 FT383 M

FIGURE 17 (CONTINUED)

62

30S 45S

60S (257 FT. 90S

383M

FIGURE 17 (CONTINUED)

63

'S 2S

3S 5S1231 FT375M

FIGURE 18 CLOUD SEOUENCE FROM MBI 2, SOUTHWEST CAMERA.5.19 FR/S, SURFACE TANGENT ABOVE

64

7S los

15S 20S1231 FT375 M

FIGURE 18 (CONTINUED)

65

30S 45S

GOS 90 S1231 FT375 M

FIGURE 18.(CONTINUED)

66

C)- CD 02 < -1T --T -4-T43

> ~ Z' CN Co C o o C

V) r- CS. C-4 (' (4 (' '

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- fl C- S. CS- 0C7 07 07Y 7

C67

uriexpla Cal rao r fri i n C I( Ud he i (hft Iand I- se betLween

-Iad-,f ''i chI we Fe csupo I) I)( Yeqf(uV C)'I ir'I len [xe Imet,

MB I C I Oloud I .. i C I Ia p, Wod uc ed by a 256- pound TNT s phere , ros e

"I" x t ted. I low anaI I I ok je thain the c loud,> produced by larqer charqes

t iO on IL') Idt ie a)' 1 b. o ~ ir I '"(W ur face ()(-I l(J(Y.

I 'ud f iF t 0 - Vo' I- 15 I i I f-001 , i ri I 11 dc I ona1 t on" appea r to0

I,, Ilvc 't to t he i he lbII t , i . c (I ImL' t I ( I aweo 1x t c 1- ow r t he

:,i tK In. ';e it ic [ Ie IR( I . 13) In other I.orck.s,surfaice tan-

ajent IIr' 1,, dt't''nat o~n 010oduCe WLIiter' dia''ster CIluds; afte ashort

reo ("I ft i v t hin eqju ivaeI nt ch.)le thamt aire part i a 1l1y huti ed . Under

t Ill> cIond i ,ion , i t i, su Ipr isin~i t ha-t MB I -I alIso( prOdlIC)'d a et-l c

ia' vr t i c LI'ud t Ohl nu MB I e ve n t LiouL hi It nand i I owe.vr hci I In et r1 Fl

bain t he C k u i V,1 leOnt MB 1-3.

Tb1 u I t i p 1 I even1t-.IwirtoH have tIrelCe'd I Imu1 >' thamt ros

n tirar \ to theluir i n (Ie cbah') ,e I I -ltiU,-)I-ts -hr)I:I b~idt th,-II e it ire,

,i1C1 (' , i' t i on of the11 chai r I ' i t I) Ie. ''CC t to t W " II I c '' I ' '; t' (10( "1.

nat I-u i 1-d o r t anicn t abofve. T he sIta )Ce(- taIn'II-nIt thF (X,)''" I I lI-,)

MB I - 1 I U I' I a co LIuD 11 -0 1- tha Cih at'I le t I 3 'r tImn t he il I I-

burI -ied. k rx a I o n, IlI ima' ot - MB II1 1 1-6. ParIt ofI II t is, It )'. fl'.''

'fule to the dIi t e cre ii spar)l ills bet ree(n tn' ch~ w, i t h, I

Sn I is I rI I V t Ir 10 f I ,IC0- tI an (I I t . 'U I t in)' f - I, ' ' I, I

(I-MB 1-3 pro(duICed acloud tht dl i nit Js'11 Wit)HF

ler irma'r, t- M R l-, a;nri i t J i ( nrio even att I'ie tn I )

The M -t 1 -8 loutd tF av b)'t Iw'rn hi' lF i cd an r IF.) '', I I '

~iIIFO i''~1tl'. 30(l)0 It q 114 ~I

68

As expected, the MB 1-8, 24-charge array did produce a maximum

cloud diameter which was much greater than those produced by either one

of the smaller arrays of MB 1-4 or -6. In addition, all multiple

events did produce much faster cloud rise and greater cloud heights

and diameters than anyone of the sinqle charge detonations. Compare

Fiqure 18 with Fiqure 19.

3.6.2 Cloud Heiqht and Diameter Data from MB II Event,

The cloud height versus time and cloud diameter versus time for

MB II Event, are presented in Fiqures 20 and 21 respectively. After a

period of time, the multiple detonation of MB 11-2 produced a much

faster cloud ise and attained a much greater cloud height than the

cloud from the sinqle detonation of MB I1-1. Similar effects are noted

in the cloud diameter. Figure 22 presents a sequence from MB 11-2.

69

is 2S

3S 5S2083 FT

635 M

FIGURE 19 CLOUD SEOJENCE FROM MBI- 8, SOUTHWEST CAMERA

@ 6 01 FR/S 24-1000 LBS SPHERES, SURFACE TANGENTABOVE.

7S IDS

5S 20 s2083 FT.635 M

F IGURE (9. (CONTINUED)

71

30S 45S

6S2083 FT POS

635M

FIGURE '9.(CONTINUED)

72

In8 '

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U1

m

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0 U

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73

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Jos

3345 FT1020 M

FIGURE 22. CLOUD SEQUENCE FROM M817-2, NORTH CAMERA@ 1 FR/S

6-118TONS HEC CHARGES.

75

15S

20 S3345 FT1020 M

FIGURE 22. (CONTINUED)

76

30S

45 S

1345 FT1 020 M

FIGURE 22.(CONTINUEO)

77

60S

90 S

3345 FT1020 M

FIGURE 22. (CONTINUED)

78

150S

200 S

3345 FT.1020 M

FIGURE 22(CONTINUED)

79

SECTION IV

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The photouiraphic coverage for the MB I Series appeared to he

more than adequate for the detonation parameters des ired. The photo-

lraphic coveraqec of the clouds during MB 11 Events was limiJted by

camera fa ilures and m..ind condi tions.

For 1000-poun., splherical detonations,, distances of 9000 ft

(2743 m)O fromi SGZ to t no record im 7q linm ea appears to be adequate

to pho toq ra p c loud dcvo 1op cnt and r-i so tor a per iod of 300 s t hrouqh

a 100mm.: lens. ;n annlulair separation of 90 to 120 degrees down m.ind of

5(7 WOu I appear to be ideal1 for- future cove rale . P reva i I i ng -mind

d irec t i on) shoulId lie ta ken inr)to account .

F rom t he pho t oo ra ph i c res u I t s o)f MB I I Even ts , %ihe re cha rues, of

1 20 ton <.,eC re do tuna td ic t a ppea rs t ha t d i > to rices, of ove r 2 5 ,.000 f t

(76 20 ri) %'0L I J Pm i dea I f or 0- 300 s, cove raqe i f cac(?ra s tat iows metre

located dove,, mJd of 5(7 and at angles; of 90 to '120 decurees.

Tht, MB 1I datai ,eesented on the effect, of !\N/Fo -)art ic lk size

Xnd ueLW-oil penrcotne nd icate that chairue cu it ion has a hea-rino

80

Lj

REFERENCES

I. Wisotski, J. Detonation Diagna)stics from MISERS BLUFF I AND IISeries, Proceedings of the MISERS BLUFF Symposium, March 27-29,1979.

2. Wisotski, J. Photographic Documentation of MISERS BLUFF I and I

Series AFWL-TR-79-149, June 1979.

3. Wisotski, J. MIDDLE NORTH SERIES PRE-DICE THROW AND II EVENTS

Technical Photography, PDR 6917, 15 March 1976.

4. DNA, MIDDLE NORTH SERIES PRE-DICE THROW II EVENTS, PreliminaryResults Report, PDR 6904, September 1976.

5. DNA, Proceedings of the DICE THROW Symposium 21-23 June 1977,Volume 1, DNA 4377 P-i.

6. DNA, MISERS BLUFF Test Plan, Vol. 1, 3 October 1977.

7. DNA, MISERS BLUFF Test Plan, Vol. 2, 3 April 1978.

8. Jones, G. MISERS BLUFF Phase ) ;te Selection, Letter Report,UNM/CERF to Capt. R. DeRand, FC/DNA, 14 April 1979.

9. Benson, K. et al. MISERS BLUFF, Phase" I C' erinq and RelatedEffects, AFWL-TR-78-251, February 1979.

10. Swisdak, M.M. Quality Control for MISERS BLUFF Il-i NSWC Interi",Report, July 1978.

11. S,.Ji'~lk, M.M. and Pckmain, P.J. Explosive Quality Contr ml forOp-ration MI.SERS i'LUFF, Pha ,e II, NSWC Interim, Re;or , March 1979.

12. Sutherland, H. and Re(,se, Ray C. An Introduction to ReinforcedConcrete De, sign, 2nd Edit ion, John Wi ley and Sons, Inc., 1943.

13. Wisotski , J. Technical Photoqraphy PRE MINE THROW IV, Event 6,POR 6835 March 6, 1975.

81

APPENDIX

The Appendix contains the table of contents and list of illustra-

tion, from AFWL-TR-79-149 on the ''Photoqraphic Documentat ion of MISERS

BLUFF I and II Series", June 1979. In addition, a fi(Jure on the plan

view of three cloud camera stat ions for MISERS BLUFF II Event , is pre-

-entcd

83i

Li NNW

TABLE OF CONTENTS AFWL-TR-79-149

SECTION P age

1. INTRODUCTION ........... ....................... 7

li OBJECTIVES ........... ...................... 71.2 BACKGROUND ........... ...................... 7

If. PROCEDURE .......... ......................... 14

2.1 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP ....... .................. . 142.2 INSTRUMENTATION AND FIELD OPERATION .. ......... . 17

2.2.1 Instrumentation and FieldOperation for MB I .... ............ 17

2.2.2 Instrumentation and FieldOperation for MB II .... ............ . 28

11). DISCUSSION AND DOCUMENTATION ..... ............... . 33

3.1 AERIAL SEQUENCES OF THE FIREBALL/CLOUD .......... . 333.2 GROUND-STATION SEQUENCES OF THE FIREBALL/

DYNAMIC EJECTA ....... ................... . 343.3 GROUND-STATION SEQUENCES OF THE CLOUD .. ........ . 35

3.3.1 Procedure for Chanqinq Scales DurinqClo ud Parameter Measurements. ........ . 38

3.4 DOCUMENTATION OF THE MB I SERIES ..... ........... 443.4. 1 D ycuriortat i (n f MB 1-1 . . . . . ...... ..... 443.4.2 D(,cucntat iam f MB 1-2 ..... ........... 543 3.3 DocurLenta tin i ' MB 1-3. . ......... ... 663 3.4 D(,,.u.n.t,)t o (n u f MB 1-4 ... . .......... ... 663.3.5 D, l-utntat iun of" MB 1-5 ... ........... ... 843. 3.6 Dt,.uL ,'nt' t im of MB 1-6 ... ........... ... 843.3.1 Do(cu-c, ntat i(n of MB 1-7 ... . .......... ... 1103.3.8 Doc u a,, i t tim ,)f MB 1-8 ... ........... ... 110

3.5 DOCUMENTATION OF THE MB II EVENTS ... .......... .1303.5.1 Dlcu 'ta 1tti ion ()f MB Il-i ... .......... . 1303.5.2 D ,cw-)t'ntat iK, ()f- MB 11-2 .......... 145

3.6 LJROPY CLOUD DATA .......................3 .6.1 Clouid Ht-iijht ant Dia-ter Data

frc, MBI Fvtent ....... . . . ......... 184

3.6.? Cloud H i Iht ., 1il Diar' tt'r DataIr MB II va s.. .... . ............. 192

IV. C)NCLUS I r)M AND Rf COMMf NDAT I ONS ..... .............. 193

f[E RF f4C, ................. ......................... 194

APPENDIX ............. ............................ 195

84

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AFWL-TR-79-149

Figure Page

I Charge Array For- MB 1-8 Event, Twenty-Four1000 lb. TNT Sphere ..................... 11

2 Charqe Configluration For MB I1-1 Event, 118-TonAN/FO Hemispherical-Endled Cylinder .. .......... 12

3 Chargte Array For MB 11-2 Event, Six 119-Ton

AN/FO Hemispherical-Ended Cylinders. .......... 13

4 Plan View of the MB I Site Layout. ............. 15

5 Plan View of the MB 11 Site Layout .. .......... 16

6 SGZ's And Wind Directions For MB I Events ........ 37

7 Plan View of Camera Positions With Respect toSGZ For MB 1- ...................... 39

8 Dynamic Ejecta Sequence From MB I-1 - 20 Fr/s.......45

9 Cloud Sequence From MB 1-1, Southwest Camera. 5.85 Fr/s.......................48

10 Cloud Sequence From MB 1-1, Northwest Came ra. 6.22 Fr/s.........................51

11 Dynim i c E i ee t a Sequence Fri MB 1-2 -20 Fr/s........55

12 Cloud Sequence From MB 1-2, Smut hoes t Camera. 5.90 Fr/,,......................

13 Cl mud Sequence From MB 1 -2 Northwest Ca'iera. 6.23 Fr/s.. ......................... 62

114 Dyrii c Ei ec ta Sequence Fromi MB 1 -3 -20 Fr/s .. ...... 67

I C loud Sequence From, MB 1-3 Sou th%-e't Cam'era').' 3 Fr/ .. ....................... 7()

16 C I ud Sequence, Fromj~ MB 1-3 Northoeswt Cam e ra*.34 F r/ .. ....................... 7

17 Aerl-ial Se'queWnce F rom MBR 1-4 - 3 70 1 r/s Se tupiT hru ( ec Anid 2 4 F r/,, , 1lP an-d 30.............78

85

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued)

F igure Paqe

18 Dynamic Ejecta Sequence From MB 1-4 ,,20 Fr/s. .. ..... 81

19 Cloud Sequence Frm MB 1-4 Southwest Camera

5.95 Fr/,).........................85

20 Cloud Sequence From MB 1-14 Northwest Camera

6.59 Fr/s ......................... 89

21 Dynamic Ejecta Sequence From MB 1-5 , 20 Fr/s.........93

22 Cloud Sequence From MB I-5 Southwest Camera

.6.33 Fr/s.. ......................... 6

23 C loud Sequence From MB 1-5 Northwes t Camera6.14 Fr/ .. .. ...... ................ 100

24 Aerial Sequence From MB 1-6 ,370 Fr/s., SeturpThru 5 sec and ,24 Fr/s., 10 And 30 sec .. ........ 104

25 Dynamic Ejectai Sequence From MB 1-6 20 Fr/s.......107

26 C loud Sequence Fromi MB 1 -6 Southwest Camera16.55 Fr/s.. .......................... 111

27 Cloud Sequence From MB 1 -6 Northwest Came ra6.05 Fr/s... ............ ......... !

28 Dynamic Ej(cta) Sequlence From) MB I-7 20 Fr/s.......119

2() Clo ud Seqluence From MB 1 -7 Smut holest Came ra6.37 Fr/s...........................122

30 Clo ud Sequence From MB 1 -7 Nor thoes t Cameii ,ra6.15 Fr/... .......................... 126

3 1 A r i a S(equenr es, F ror MB 1 -8 370 F r/s, Set upThru 5 sec And -24 Ft-/s,, 10 And 30 sec .. ........ 131

3? Dv/nariic E ec ta Senuence F rom MB 1-8 -20 Fr/ ....... 134

33 C 1KUI Se(ue~nce Fromi MB 1 -8 South Wst Cmr0.01 Fr/... .......................... 137

34 Cl Mud Sequence( From MB I-8. Nort V.es t Came'1ra6.64 Fr/s..........................141

86

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued)

Fiqure Pale

35 Aerial Sequences From MB -I -1 337 Fr/s,Setup Thru 5.85 sec; And 24 Fr/,, 14.6Thru 175 Sec .......................... 146

36 Dynamic Ejecta Sequence From MB I1-1 25.4 Fr/s ..... 149

37 Cloud Sequence From MB I1-1 South Camera10 Fr/s .......... ........................ 151

38 Cloud Sequence From MB 1 l-I, Adm. Camera10 Fr/s ........... ........................ 156

39 Aerial Sequence From MB 11-2 1 337 Fr/s,

Setup Thru 5.85 Sec; And , 24 Fr/s, 14.6Thru 175 Sec ......... ....................... .. 160

40 Dynamic Ejecta Sequence From MB 11-2 22.4 Fr/ ....... .. 163

41 Cloud Sequence From MB I I-2, South CameraI Fr/ ............ ....................... .166

42 Cl oud Sequence From MB II -2 Adm. Camera* 1 Fr/ ............ ....................... .171

43 Cloud Sequence From MB 11-2, North CameraI Fr/ ............ ....................... .177

44 Cloud Heiiht v,,. Time from MB I Sinqile Events,,Southwes t Camera, Fixed Scale ..... .............. .185

45 Cloud Heiqht vs . Titie MB I Multiple Events,Southwest Camera, Fixed Scale . ...... ............. .186

46 Cloud Diameter vs. Time from MB I Sin le Event,,Southwest Camera, Fixed Scale ........ .............. 137

47 Cloud Diameter vs. Time fro) MB I Mult iple Event-,.Smjthwoest Camera, Fixed Sca l . ...... ............. 188

48 Cloud Hei jht vs. Time from MB I I Events,Fixed Scale .......... ....................... 190

14q Cloud Diametei v,. Time frum MB II Events,Fix,,d Scale . ........... ...................... 1 1

87

NORTH CAMERA STATION0

6000 FT1829M

:IlN

SGZIo oSGZ2

SOUTH CAMERA STATION

AOM CAMERA STATION

FIGURE IA. PLAN VIEW OF THE RELATIVE POSITIONS OF THE MISERS BLUFF I CLOUD

CAMERA STATIONS.

88

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DEPARTMENT Cc THE ARMY (Continued)

Assistant to the Secretary of Defense U.S. Army Armament Rsch Dev & CmdAtomic Energy ATTN: DRDAR-LCN

ATTN: Executive Assistant ATTN: DRDAR-LCS-V, Mr. Ravotto

Defense Nuclear Agency U.S. Army Armor CenterATTN: RAAE ATTN: ATZK-XMIATTN: STSPATTN: SPAS U.S. Army Ballistic Research Lat,ATTN: SPSs ATTN: DRDAR-BLV, W. Schunr, JrATTN: SPTD ATTN: DRDAR-BLE, G. TeelATTAR PAO ATTN: DRDAR-BLT, N. EthridgeATTN: OALG ATTN: DRDAR-BLT, J. Keefer

4 cy ATTN: TITLU.S. Army Electronics R&D Command

Defense Technical Information Center ATTN: DRDEL-SA, R. FreibergCameron Station12 cy ATTN: DD U.S. Army Engr Waterways Exper Station

ATTN: WESSE, L. IngramField Coniinand ATTN: WESSD, J, JacksonDefense Nuclear Agency ATTN: WESGH, P. Hadala

ATTN: FCTC ATTN: WESH, Mr. GatzATTN: FCTOF ATTN: WESSA, W. FlathauATTN: FCTME ATTN: WESSS, J. BallardATTN: FCTMOF ATTN: WESGH, Mr. CooperATTN: FCTTATTN: FCPR U.S. Army Fa Msl Sys Eval Gp

ATTN: ATSS-TSM-C, Col ToepelField Command ATTN: ATSF-CDDefense Nuclear Agency ATTN: ATSF-CTD-EWLivermicre Branch

ATTN: FCPRL U.S. Army Hunman Engineering LabATT: FPRLATTN: DRXHE-TS, Dr. Garinther

Interservice Nuclear Weapons School

ATTN: Technical Library U.S. Army Mat Cmd Proj Mngr for Nuc MunitionsATTN: DRCPM-NUC

Joint Strat Tgt Planning StaffATTN: JLT, W. Carpenter U.S. Army Material Dev & Readiness Cmd

ATTN: Mr. Zimpa

Undersecretary of Def for Rsch & Engrg

Department of Defense U.S. Army Material Sys Analysis ActvyATTN: Strategic & Space Systems (OS) ATTN: DRXSY-R

ATTN: DRXSY-RW, Mr. BarnhartDEPARTMENT DF THE ARMY ATTN: DRXSY-GA

ATTN: DRXSY-REi MD Advanced Technology CenterDep(irt"Ient of the mrnly U.S. Army Nuclear & Chemical Agency

ATT%: ATC-, M. Capps ATTN: MONA-MSATTN: LTC McCall

M t o0' and ATTN: LTC Woodwardlepartrent of t he ATIV ATTN: MONA-WE

AT--: [)MDE -Hm , R. DekalhU.S. Army Operational Test & Eval Agy

.part-ont -t top Arvr ATTN: CSTE-STO-BTN: jAi %ATTN: CSTE-TM-AR

ATTN: CSTE-TM-FA, LTC CatlettDiarond Lahoratories ATTN: CSTE-POD

tr t''t f t I(A; DE D-iL U.S. Army Tank Automotive R&D Conmmand

TTYd: .UD-Nd-P, J. Meoszaros ATTN: DRDTA-JAATTN: DRXHE-TK/HL

D,,CPM-.C T

89

DEPARTMENTOFTHE ARMY (CoPntinlued) DE.PA-RTME.NT OF THE AIR .F-ORCE -(Cont-inue-d)

U.S,. Army Test and Evaluation Colld Ballistic Missile Office

ATTN: DRSTE-CM-F. Mr Back Air force Systems CommandATTN: DRSTE-CM-F, R. Galasso ATTN: MNNiI, Maj Edwards

ATTN: DIRSTL-CM-P ATTN: MNNXH, D. Gage

ATTN DRTE- -liStrategic Air Comusand

LI .. Army Train i 11 and Doctrine Comol Department of the Air ForceATTN: ATCD-TM ATTN: XPFS, Capt CookATTN: ATCD-PM

VELA Seismological Center

Avalter Reed Army Institute of Rsch Department of the Air Force

ATTN: Col Alstatt ATTN: G. Ulirici

Ahi te Sands, Missile Rario 11035th Technical Operations Group

Departmenit of the Army Department of the Air ForceAl TN,: S)TE.& -PTi-AM ATTN: SSqt DourrieuATIN: )TEW~S-FL, D, GreenATTN: STE,4S-TE-AN llSbth Tocnnical Operations Sq

ATTN: STERS-TE -EG Department oif the Air ForceATTN: )TEWS-TE-LD ATTN: Maj Hiqgins

ATTN: sTEWS-t-MG, Mr. DysartOTHLR GOVERNMENT AGENC-IES

'M- I Tank SystemiDepartment of the Army -c iIof the Interior

ATTN : DUCM-GCM-SP U .,- Geoloqi LoI SurveyATTN: U. Roddy

DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVYDepartmnt of the In tori or

Marine Corps Desv E duco tion Com11anld 11.5. Geologlical Survey

Pepa rtmo: t of the Navy/ AlbUq;Uerqiue Soisiiololi cal Center'ATTN: Fire Power Dinvis ion ATTN: Mr. Macdock

Nasal Ro,earcn Laboratory Federal Emjeryoency Managenment Agenicy

ATTN: C ode IlID ationajlieL Dfc Mitigation & RschlATTN: Deputy Director. 2. Noci to

Naval Urta Aca .~ ol cnter ATTN: Mr. Bett-je6hite Oak Laboratorv

ATTN: '-I s)wi sdak DELPAR-TMENT OFENERGY CONTRACTOR>,ATTN: 1 . owns

Lo, Tlawmos Not eonal Scionti fic Loll

.Al Waiion1 [ IValujationi Focility ATTN: M, 5i132 T. DowlerATTN: Co-, R. Xfll,-

AT TN: Codt - I . Fri Ieri nj ik RiUgo Not i onal Lahora toryNUU1oor Division1

DEAi -XOF XEi AIR I IRCE AIX';: Ci s Dof Ros Prol . Mr. Foarny

Air Force Go-sinys i1s L aloro tory e atln aATTN: Mr. -ms il ATTN 112 I .. Onisi

ATTN: 1245. R. F. Gl aser

Air ForceP S0h0ol ot Ae'rospaceL( Merine Il( ATTN : 5333, J.W~. ReedAT TN: 1. Pickrino

Dt iARTMENT OflX OLFNS CONTRACTOR

Air Force Av~ipoti LaboratoryAir Erie S csltms Coneri, Booilq Co1

A TTN :Dr. Rinehart -_TITN: Ml," 4 37, R. Carlsor:l'TITN: NTIS i K, . fIli inpel IIi ATTN: M' 1!) 20 , L . York

AT Tl:N I , VR Jil l,AT T%: iTE J. 1 iiiOrio~t 0 1 mli (o

ATT'4N TlI J .oinTIk f A TT-N :MS' 42/3. 7, . Fri (dol II

AT TN %Tfs R . lennyA Tt ': T 1011 fl, i iqia Rese(a rc I & Tefchniol1 o qy 11ti

A N S I ATTN: M. Roseiil I

ATN: Ni , I t Col (i oflri iI I r i v oic & To n Ioiv iii

ti r .tiyvr'ri1 t v L 11al j -\ TTN: P. orpholO;artmvt~t )t tilt Air lore-

90

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CONTRACTORS (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF-DEFENSE CONTRACTORS (Cont-inu-ed)

Chrysler Corp Particle Measuring Systems, IncATTN: Mr. Quackenbush ATTN: R. Knollenberger

University of Denver Physics International CoATTN: J. Wisotski ATTN: F. Sauer

Bonn orportionR & D AssociatesD TTNn Mr.po Broi n ATTN: A. KuhlATT: M. BownATTN: R. Port

EG&G, Inc ATTN: P. Haas

ATTN R, ardScience Applications, IncElectromech, Sys of New Mexico, Inc ATTN: J. Cockayne

ATTN: R. Shuck ATTN: B. Chambers, III

Eric H. Wang SRI InternationalCivil Engineering Rsch Fac ATTN: A. BurnsUniversity of New Mexico

ATTN: D. Calhoun Systems, Science & Software, IncATTN B. aneATTN: D. GrineATTN G. aneATTN: K. Pyatt

Fugro NationalATTN: Mr. Madsen Systems, Science & Software, Inc

ATTN: C. hastingsGeneral Research CorpSanta Barbara Division Tech Reps. Inc

ATTN: Dr. Rohringer ATTN: B. Collins

Georgia Institute of Technology TeleDyne Birown EngineeringATTN: EEL-Rdil, Mr Martin ATTN: J. Ravenscraft

ATTN: M. Price

JAY COP. ATTN: Mr. SnowATTN: Ki Linnerud

TRWI Defense & Space Sys Groupsdmd scincesCorpATTN: Mr. Mazzod

ATTN:n M~insCrpuk ATTN: G. TeraokaATTN: Mr. Julke

A T TN : Mr. -' I I e ril a 11o 1 Air Cra ft C or.aman TEMPO

ATTN: DASIACA'TTN: l_. Gould ilorq" Coi

AT TN: Mr. Jonesfajmar TLMiCI

ATTN: r. Perry I -[c;N AG N.C 1 ES

i o),- i iff, j~pri rul ty murftc eajpuon-,s stutI i snilentATTN: Mr . Doneqjol ATTN: Mr . iesreri ckATN: Mr. 'p1 D p5i ATT%, Ft. FI tiahu

.iAlamso,. Techni,-al Asc)idtes, li torji ldin Reurch Estahul n selltATN: P . duyhes ATTN: MOD-PL Mr . ~lI I er

ATTN: MOji-PE ,Mr. LevysLooIa(ce' Bliiisedial Frivi ronwent Rs, h inst itutO.ii]U~

ATTN: Rl. Fletener Kdeiicisr i:De VetiiluiATTN Rlth,,oni ATTN: 1. .retschel

ATTN : R . Sn i 11 tlMc-Dlin 1' 1 Douqlj Or asen, Corpr~

ATTN: 1.1 DdiiDfneRsuiniCtb hATTN : R. Ileqqie

M1 ci [i rn ounlatiiir ATTN: J. Wa tson0 17T TN : hr . ;h i te

C riet-Ma Nit- Ins1't I tLJtPlr if ti if jrra Ae rarcflu Corp ATT I Re i creiji0

ATTN: , lriiileI'l ra-itric(tirs -tas Der kkldlf,"welhr'

A T: A. Montriia- ATTN: L1 Pit Rt~erk'lr

91

FOREIGN AGENCIES (Continued) FOREIGN AGENCI1E-S--Contin-ued)

National Defense Research Institute Royal Fortificatio'n AowinistratioT"

ATTN H. xelson ack TTN: L. Abrahavisson

Norwegian Defense Construction ServiceATTN: A. Skueltorp

9 2

IA