dental infection control post treatment last
TRANSCRIPT
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Infection Control Post-Treatment Period
By Amin Abusallamah
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Outlines
1. Sterilization & disinfection of instruments .
2. Processing area of instruments .
3. Cleaning & Disinfection of Environmental Surfaces
4. Waste management
5. Contaminated sharp management .
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Sterilization & disinfection
• Sterilization: killing all bacteria and spores.
• Disinfection: killing of infectious agents outside the body by direct exposure to agents.
• high-level disinfection may be kill all microorganism with numbers of bacterial spores.
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Sterilization & disinfection of instruments
• Dental instruments are classified into three categories ( critical, semi-critical, or noncritical ) depending on their risk of transmitting infection and on the need to sterilize them between uses.
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Critical instruments
• Surgical and other instruments that touch bone or penetrate soft tissue are classified as critical and should be sterilized after each use.
EXAMPLES :• surgical instruments• Periodontal scalers• Scalpel blades• Forceps• burs
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Semi-critical instruments
• Instruments that touch mucous membranes, but do not touch bone or penetrate tissue .
• If sterilization is not feasible because the instrument will be damaged by heat, use high-level disinfection.
EXAMPLES :• Mirrors. • Amalgam condensers.• Dental handpieces .
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Non-critical instruments
• Contact intact skin and use intermediate-level or low-level disinfection for them.
EXAMPLES :• x-ray heads.• Face-bows• Blood pressure cuff.
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Processing area of instruments
Cleaning
SterilizationPreparation
&Packaging
Storage
Receiving
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Receiving
• After collected the instruments that used in treatment in disinfection solution tray, send them to the clean and sterilization room receive them and clean up.
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A) Manual cleaning.1. Wear mask & gown.
2. Wear heavy-duty gloves to avoid risk of hand injuries.
3. Clean one by one.
4. Use a long handled brush.
Cleaning 2
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Cont…
B) Ultrasonic cleaner.1. More effective in cleaning than manual.
2. Reduce spatter in environment
3. Reduce chances of hand injury
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Cont…
C) Automated cleaning.• It`s a combination of very hot water with a detergent to
remove the organic material & kills most microorganism at level of heat.
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Preparation and packaging
• Before sterilization the instrument must be packaged to protect them from contaminated after sterilization.
Place chemical indictors inside the pack
• Types of packaging & sealing:
Heat sealing tape sealing Auto sealing
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Sterilization
1. Steam autoclave
2. Flush sterilization
3. Dry heat
4. Chemical sterilization
5. Hand pieces Sterilization
6. Types of indicators of monitoring sterilization
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Steam autoclave
• Suitable for sterilization of most reusable items and instruments, including dental hand pieces.
• 121 °C (30min) under 15 psi
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Flush sterilization
• Involves sterilizing unpackaged instruments using short exposure times.
• Flush sterilization should be used only for instruments that are to be used quickly.
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Dry heat
• Dry heat indicated for carbon steel & stainless steel dental instruments.
• Heat to 160 -170 ° C for 2 hours• is not recommended for most dental hand pieces
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Chemical sterilization
• Chemical vapor sterilization is very similar to autoclaving ,except a combination of chemical and water.
CHEMCLAV
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Hand pieces Sterilization
• High speed , straight and contra angle hand pieces should be cleaned and sterilized at the end of each treatment session.
• Hand pieces Sterilization can sterilized by autoclave or special hand pieces device sterilization.
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Monitoring sterilization Types of indicators
• Biological Monitoring
• Chemical Monitoring
• Mechanical Monitoring
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Storage
Storage the clean items in shelves or drawers must be:
Dry
Clean
Close
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Cleaning and Disinfection of Environmental Surfaces
Clinical contact surfaces
Housekeeping surfaces
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Clinical contact surfaces
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Housekeeping surfaces
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Waste management
Regulated wasteA. Contaminated waste: waste that contacts blood or
other body fluids like, barriers ,patient napkins and PPE.
B. Hazardous waste: it poses a risk to human ,the environment. Like, amalgam fixer solution and tooth with amalgam and lead foil from x-ray film pockets.
C. Biohazard waste: contaminated waste that transmitting infectious disease. Like, sharp tools, extracted tooth and tissue with blood.
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Cont…
Unregulated waste
General waste include : Disposable paper towels Paper mixing pads Used patintbibs Surface barriers
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Contaminated sharp management
• Contaminated sharps are classify as infectious waste.
• Contaminated needles and other disposable sharps, such as scalpel blades orthodontic wires and broken glass must be placed into a sharps container and must be puncture resistant , closable & color coded with biohazard symbol.
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Thank you
Reference :
Office Safety & Asepsis Procedures (OSAP). Infection control in dentistry guidelines. Annapolis, MD, USA:OSAP Research