DENTAL IMPLANTSDENTAL IMPLANTS

Dr Reham Mohammed Abdallah,Assistant Professor at the Department of Dental

Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University

Objectives

1. Indications and contraindications for dental implants.2. The materials used for dental implants.3. Types and uses of dental implants.4. Osseointegration.

I. Dental Implants

• Dental implant is a device that is inserted inside the alveolar bone and projects through the oral mucosa to support dental prosthesis.

. Indications and Contraindications for Dental Implants

• Indications1. Restoring an Edentulous Atrophic Mandible

Indications

• 2. Restoring a Single Missing Tooth

Contraindications

•Patients with systemic diseases as diabetes.

•Smoking

•Poor oral hygiene

Materials Used for Dental Implants

• Titanium and its alloys are very common implant materials in dentistry.

• It is commonly manufactured by machining into preformed shapes.

• The major advantage of titanium is that it will osseointegrate with bone if handled properly.

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Titanium and Titanium AlloysTitanium and Titanium Alloys

• Forms a very stable oxide layer• Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) is used for

dental implants, surface coatings, and crowns, partial and complete dentures and orthodontic wires.

• Ti-6Al-4V is the most widely used.

Ti & alloys are called the materials of Ti & alloys are called the materials of choice in dentistry because of:choice in dentistry because of:

1. High corrosion resistance2. High biocompatibility with tissues3. Light in weight4. Low density5. Low modulus6. High strength

Apatite-Coated TitaniumApatite-Coated Titanium• Apatites are a class of calcium phosphate

materials.

• The hydroxyapatite of hard tissues, such as teeth and bone, are examples.

• Hydroxyapatite materials can osseointegrate.• Increased success in certain clinical situations.

Other materials• 1. Metals1. MetalsGold, stainless steel, and cobalt-chromium alloys

were used with little success.• 2. Ceramics2. CeramicsHydroxyapatite and other calcium phosphate

materials are currently used as implant materials. • 3. Polymers3. PolymersHad little success as prosthodontic implants.

Types of Dental ImplantsTypes of Dental Implants• Endosseous implants Endosseous implants or tooth form implants are

screwed or pressed into a hole that is cut into the mandible or maxilla.

• They reside inside the bone, thus the name “endosseous.”

• Resides partially in bone.• Single tooth replacement thru denture support.• Screw-shaped.• Most common type.

Shapes of endosseous implants Shapes of endosseous implants

• Cylinders with threads (screw)

• Cylinders with straight sides

• Blade implants, with notches cut into it.

Shapes of endosseous implants Shapes of endosseous implants

B.B. Transosseous or Staple Transosseous or Staple ImplantsImplants

• It consists of a plate and several bolts that transverse the mandible in the anterior region.•A transosseous implant was used to stabilize a mandibular denture.•Rarely used

C.C. Subperiosteal ImplantsSubperiosteal Implants

• Used to stabilize a mandibular denture. • Placed on the mandibular bone below the

periosteum.• Rests on alveolar ridge, no bone invasion.• Less invasive, less stable

Osseointegration of Dental ImplantsOsseointegration of Dental Implants

• Osseointegration is a direct structural and functional connection between ordered living bone and the surface of a load carrying implant.

• Successful osseointegration transfers bite forces to bone and stimulates the growth of bone.

Osseointegration is dependent on;Osseointegration is dependent on;

• Material biocompatibility• Implant surface• Status of bone• Surgical technique• Healing conditions• Biting forces

Osseointegration of Dental Osseointegration of Dental ImplantsImplants