dental auxillary

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Under Guidance of , Presented by,

Prof. Dr. Anand

Kishore,(H.O.D)

Dr. Abhay Singh.

(B.D.S)

Ashish kr. Vishwakarma,

Ayodhya Ojha,

Bharat Gautam.(Intern)


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Dental Auxillary

Definition: A Dental auxillary is a person who is

given responsibility by a dentist so that he or she

can help the dentist render dental care, but who is

not himself or herself qualified with a dentaldegree


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Classification by WHO (1967)

1. Non-operating auxiliariesa) Clinical : this is a person who assists the

professional (dentist) in his clinical work

but does carry out any independent

procedures in the oral cavity.b) Laboratory : this is a person who assists the

professional by carrying out certain technical

laboratory procedures.

2. Operating auxiliary:This is a person who, not being professional is

permitted to carry out certain treatment procedures in

the mouth under direction and supervision of a

professional.


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Revised classification

1. Non-operating auxiliaries: Dental surgery assistant.

Dental secretary/receptionist.

Dental laboratory technician. Dental health educator.

2. Operating auxiliaries: School dental nurse.

Dental therapist. Dental hygienist.

Expanded function dental auxiliaries.


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DENTAL SURGERYASSISTANTA dental assistant is a non-operating auxiliary who assists the

dentist or dental hygienist in treating patients, but who is not

legally permitted to treat patient independently. A dental

assistant may only work under the supervision of a licensed

dentist, carrying out duties prescribed by the dentist or by adental hygienist employed by the dentist.


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Dr. C Edmund Kells ofNew Orleans (U.S.A.) in

1885 hired a woman as a lady in attendance sothat ladies who needed dental treatment during

these victorian times were made to feel at ease.

There was a change in the degree of their

utilization , when, due to a shortage of labor tomeet the demand of the military service during

world war II (1939-1945), these helpers were

trained to work at the chairside.There was amarked change during the 60s with the advent of

fourhanded sit-down dentistry.


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Duties of thedental assistants are:1. Reception of the patient.

2. Preparation of the patient for treatment he or she may need.3. Preparation and provision of all necessary facilities such as

mouthwashes and napkins

4. Sterilization, care and preparation of instruments.

5. Preparation and mixing of restorative materials including both

filing and impression materials.

6. Care of the patient after treatment until he or she leaves,including clearing away of instruments and preparation ofinstruments for reuse.

7. Preparation of the surgery for the next patient.

8. Preparation of documents to the dental surgeon for thiscompletion and filing of these.

9. Assistance with x-ray work and the processing and mounting ofx-ray.

10. Instruction of the patient, where necessary, in the correct use ofthe toothbrush.

11. Aftercare of persons who have had general anesthetics.


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DENTAL SECRETARY/RECEPTIONIST:

This is a person who assists the dentist with hissecretarial work and patient reception duties.


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DENTAL LABORATORY TECHNICIAN:

A dental laboratory technician is a non-operating auxiliary who fulfills the

prescriptions provided by dentist regarding

the extra oral construction and repair of oral

appliances and bridge-work.

this category of personnel have also been

known as dental mechanics. As per the Indian

dentist Act of1948

,dental mechanics is aperson who makes or repairs dentures and

dental appliances.


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In some countries they have been considered as

auxiliaries because, in these places, their work

is mostly performed in commercial laboratories

and not in the dental practice setting.

Dental laboratory technician receive their

training through apprenticeship which is

associated with formula training at a dentalschool or technical college. The formal training

period covers two years.


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DUTIES

Casting of models from impression

made by the dentist.

Fabrication of dentures, splints,

orthodontic appliance, inlays, crowns

and special trays.


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DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATORThis is a person who instructs in the prevention of dental

disease and who may also be permitted to apply intraorally.

In a few countries, the duties of some dental surgery

assistants have been extended to allow them to carry

out certain preventive procedures.

In sweden, twoadditional weeks of training are given, after which

auxillaries are allowed to conduct flouride mouthrinsing

programs to groups of school children. They are, not

allowed to undertake any intra oral procedures.


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SCHOOLDENTALNURSE This is an operating auxiliary, who is permitted to diagnose dental

disease and to plan and carry out certain specified preventive andtreatment measure, including some operative procedures in the

treatment of dental caries and periodontal disease in defined groups

of people, usually school children.

Interest in an organized plan to improve dental conditions among

children in new zealand first became evident in195

0.treatment ofthese children were particularly difficult on account of the distance,

which often separated small communities.Also dentists were in short

supply during world war I (1914-18) and treatment of young children

were not as accepted an area of dental practice at that time.


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The dental nurse scheme was established in

wellington, New Zealand in 1921 due to the

extensive dental disease found in army recruits

during world war I. the man who influenced its

formation was T.A. Hunter, a founder of the new

zealand dental association and a pioneer in the

establishment of a dental school in new zealand.The name of the school where they were trained

was the dominion training school for dental

nurses.

Upon completion of training, each schoo dental

nurse is assigned to a school where she is

employed by the government to provide regular

dental care for between45

0 and700 children

.


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Each school which takes more than 100 children has its

own dental clinic. When a school dental nurse is

assigned to a school, she is accepted as a member of

the staff in the same way as are the teachers.

In new zealand, the dental nurses are predominantly in

the school-based salaried service and are expected to

provide care for the children at nearly 6-month intervals.

They are under general supervision of a district principaldental officer


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DUTIES

1. Oral examination.

2. Prophylaxis

3. Topical flouride application

4. Advice on dietary flouride supplements5. Administration of local anesthetic.

6. Pulp capping.

7. Extraction of primary teeth.

8. Individual patient instruction in tooth brushing and oralhygiene.

9. Classroom and parent-teacher dental health education.

10. Cavity preparation and placement of amalgam filling in

primary and permanent teeth.


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DENTALTHERAPIST

This an operating auxiliary, who is permitted to carry out the

prescription of a supervising dentist, certain specified

preventive and treatment measures including the preparation

of cavities and restoration of teeth.


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In the U.K dental dressers came into being because of a shortage

of dentists to work in the school dental service. The auxiliaries

based on the new zealand type graduated in 1962 from erstwhile

training school, which was in the new cross area of london. Hence,

they were known as new cross auxiliaries. In 1979, in the U.K, the

name auxiliary was changed to therapist. In australia, therapists-

the personnel categories who are derivaties of the new zealand

dental nurse model-have been in service since 1966. they are like

new zealand type school dental nurses but their role is qiute

different , as they are not permitted to diagnose and plan dentalcare.


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The training of dental therapists is for about a

period two years involving both the reversible and

irreversible procedures. The functions of a

therapist vary. Their duties include,

Cavity preparation in decidous and permanent teeth.

Vital pulptomies under rubber dam in deciduous teeth.

Extraction of deciduous teeth under local anaesthesia

.

Clinical caries diagnosis.


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DENTAL HYGIENIST A dental hygienist is an operating auxiliary licensed and

registered to practice dental hygiene under laws of theappropriate state, province, territory or nation. The dental

hygienist works under the supervision of dentists.

Dental hygienist is a person, not being a dentist or a medical

practitioner; gives instruction in oral hygiene & preventive

dentistry, assists the dental surgeon in chairside work and

manages the office. He/she shall work under the supervision of

the dental surgeon.


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C.M.Wright in1902,suggested the formation of a subspeciality

of the dental profession.

In 1905, Fones trained Mrs. Irene Newman in the procedures

of dental prophylaxis. In 1906, she was at work in Dr.Fonesoffice and became the first dental hygienist.

Dr.Fones is considered as the father of dental hygiene. He is

often credited with the first training school for dental hygienist,

in November1913. the duration of the course was for a period

of about seven months.


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The Dental Council of India has prescribed that,

The course of studies should extend over a period

of two academic years and lead to qualification ofDental Hygienist Certificate.

The Candidate should be at least 15 years of age

at the time of admission or within 3 months of it

and should be medically fit.

The candidate must have passed at least

matriculation examination of a recognized

university taking science subject or an equivalentrecognized qualification.


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DUTIES1. Cleaning of mouths and teeth with particular attention to

calculus and stains.2. Topical application of flourides, sealant and other prophylactic

solutions.

3. Screening or preliminary examination of patients as

individuals or in groups, such as school children or industrialemployees, so that they may be referred to a dentist for

treatment.

4. Instruction in oral hygiene

5. Resource work in the field of dental health

.


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EXPANDED FUNCTIONDENTAL

AUXILIARY (EFDA)

They have been referred to as expanded

function dental assistant, expanded

function auxiliary , technotherapist

,expanded duty dental auxiliary.

An EFDA is a assistant or a dental

hygienist in some cases, who has

received further training of patients,though still working under the direct

supervision of a dentist.


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DUTIES Placing and removing rubber dams.

Placing and removing temporary restorations.

Placing and removing matrix bands.

Condensing and carving amalgam restoration in

previously prepared teeth.

Placing of acrylic restorations in previously prepared

teeth.

Applying the final finish and polish to the previously

listed restorations.


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Development in the training and duties ofEFDAS in

the Canadian providence of ontario, during the

1970s provide an example of an attempt to build alogical career structure for assistants and

hygienists.

Four levels of training and qualification were

recognized,

1. Certified dental assistant.

2. Preventive dental assistant.

3. Dental hygienist.

4. Dental hygienist with expanded

duties.


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