density and planetary differentiation. planetary differentiation is the separating of a planet into...
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![Page 1: Density and Planetary Differentiation. Planetary Differentiation is the separating of a planet into different layers due to differences in density. Seismic](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfc31a28abf838ca5872/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Density and Planetary Differentiation
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• Planetary Differentiation is the separating of a planet into different layers due to differences in density.
• Seismic waves tell scientists Earth has four layers of different densities because of their speed.
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Density of Earth in g/cm^3
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Early Earth
• Scientists infer Earth was formed 4.6 billion years ago.
• When Earth first formed, it was extremely hot!
• The entire planet was a ball of molten elements held together by gravity.
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Elements Settled
• While Earth was hot, elements began to settle by density.
• Denser elements sank and less dense elements floated.
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• Iron, Nickel, and several other heavy elements (metals) sank to form the inner and outer cores.
• Elements such as Magnesium and Iron silicates (denser rocks) settled in the middle forming the mantle.
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• Lighter elements such as Sodium and Potassium Silicates (less dense rocks) settled on the surface forming the crust.
• Liquids (water) formed the oceans above the crust and gasses formed the atmosphere.
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Layers vs No Layers
• Scientists can infer that a planet with out layers must have been cooler than Earth when formed.
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Which moon(s) of Jupiter formed molten?