denise coffey msn, rn. slide 12-2 structure and function subjective data—health history...
TRANSCRIPT
Denise Coffey MSN, RN
Slide 12-2
Structure and FunctionSubjective Data—Health History
QuestionsObjective Data—The Physical ExamAbnormal Findings
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Epidermal appendages1. Hair2. Sebaceous glands3. Sweat glands
Eccrine glands Apocrine glands
4. Nails
Skin—three layers1. Epidermis
Stratum germinativum or basal cell layer
Stratum corneum or horny cell layer
Derivation of skin color
2. Dermis Connective tissue or
collagen Elastic tissue
3. Subcutaneous layer
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Protection Prevents penetration Perception Temperature regulation Identification Communication Wound repair Absorption and excretion Production of vitamin D
Slide 12-7
Previous history of skin disease (allergies, hives, psoriasis, or eczema)
Change in moleChange in pigmentation (size or
color)Excessive dryness or moisturePruritusExcessive bruising
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Preparation External variables that influence skin
color Equipment needed
Strong direct lighting Small centimeter ruler Penlight Gloves For special procedures▪ Magnifying glass▪ Materials for laboratory tests: glass slide
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Skin—Inspect and palpateColor
General pigmentation Widespread color change▪ Pallor▪ Erythema▪ Cyanosis▪ Jaundice
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Skin—Inspect and palpate (cont.)Temperature
Hypothermia Hyperthermia
Moisture Diaphoresis Dehydration
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Skin—Inspect and palpate (cont.)TextureThicknessEdemaMobility and turgorVascularity or bruising
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Skin—Inspect and palpate (cont.)Lesions
Color Elevation Pattern or shape Size Location and distribution on body Exudate
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Promoting health and self-careTeach skin self-examination, using
the ABCDE rule A—asymmetry B—border C—color D—diameter E—elevation and enlargement
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Hemangiomas Port-wine stain
(nevus flammeus)
Strawberry mark (immature hemangioma)
Cavernous hemangioma (mature)
Telangiectases Spider or star angioma
Venous lake
Purpuric lesions Petechiae
Purpura Lesions caused by
trauma or abuse Pattern injury
Hematoma
Ecchymosis (bruise)
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Diaper dermatitis Interigo (candidiasis) ImpetigoAtopic dermatitis (eczema)Measles (rubeola)German measles (rubella)Chickenpox (varicella)
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Primary contact dermatitis Allergic drug reaction Tinea corporis (ringworm of the body) Tinea pedis (ringworm of the foot) Psoriasis Tinea versicolor Labial herpes simplex (cold sores) Herpes zoster (shingles) Erythema migrans of Lyme disease
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Basal cell carcinomaSquamous cell carcinomaMalignant melanoma
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A. CyanosisB. FlushingC. RuborD. Jaundice