dengue in pakistan
TRANSCRIPT
DENGUE FEVERby
Dr. Zeeshan Ali
Aim
To acquaint you with the Dengue Fever
Seq
• What is Dengue Fever
• World distr of Dengue Fever
• Outbreak in Pakistan
• Mosquito-characteristics and life cycle
• Symptoms of Dengue Fever
• Treatment of Dengue Fever
• Prevention of Dengue Fever
What is Dengue Fever
Dengue Fever also known as the ‘Break Bone Fever’ is an illness caused by infection by a virus (Flavi Virus) transmitted by the mosquito Aedes Aegypti rarely Aedes Albonictus
What is Dengue FeverFlavi Virus
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Global Status of Dengue Fever
• New infections annually -- 50 mn
• Death -- 24,000 annually
• People at risk -- 2.5 to 3 bn
• Hospitalized cases- 50,000 /yr
(90% affected are children)
• Disease burden -- 4,65,000
Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY)
• Half of the world lives in HOT ZONE
World dist of Dengue Fever
Outbreak in Pakistan
• The first case of Dengue Fever
was detected in Pakistan in
the yr 1994 in Karachi
• The first outbreak of Dengue
Fever was in the yr 2006
• Since then dengue cases
detected per yr are on the rise
Out break in Pakistan 2006
Pak karachi Lahorecases 3232 1836 400death 50 30 4
Out break in Pakistan 2011
• Over 4000 cases have been reported all over
Pakistan
• NIH shows 2143 confirmed and 2708 suspected
cases of Dengue Fever
• Max cases have been seen in Punjab Province where
up to 10 deaths have been confirmed
• In GB Province no case have been confirmed
Out break in Pakistan 2011
Sr No
Province Confirmed Cases
1. Punjab 2170
2. Sind 176
3. Khyber Pakhtoon Khuwa 08
4. Azad Jammu Kashmir 05
*NIC stats of 9 Sept 11
Out break in Pakistan
Causes • Unplanned urban overpopulation of areas
• Inadequate housing and public health systems
(water, sewerage and waste management)
• Poor vector control, e.g., stagnant pools of water for
mosquito breeding
• Climate change and viral evolution
• Increased intl travel (recreational, business or
military) to endemic areas
Characteristics of Mosquito
Aedes MosquitoOne distinct physical feature – black and white stripes on its body and legs
Bites during the day
Lays its eggs in clean, stagnant water
Characteristics of MosquitoOnly the female Aedes mosquito feeds on blood because they need the protein found in blood to produce eggs
Male mosquitoes feed only on plant nectar
On average, a female Aedes mosquito can lay about 300 eggs during her life span of 14 to 21 days
Characteristics of Mosquito
Anopheles Mosquito Aedes Mosquito
Life cycle of Aedes Mosquito
Stagnant waterStagnant water
1-2 days
EggsLarvaePupae
2-3 days
4-5 days
Transmission of Dengue Fever
Symptoms of Dengue Fever
Manifestation of Dengue Fever Dengue Fever (DF)
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
(DHF)
Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)
Symptoms of Dengue Fever
Dengue Fever(DF)• Headaches• High grade fever• Swollen glands• Vomiting• Muscle joints pain• Positive tourniquet test• Basic symptoms in 90% of
patients• Settles in two weeks
DengueTriad
Symptoms of Dengue Fever
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever(DHF)
• All prev symptoms of Dengue
Fever
• Spontaneous bleeding
• 9% of patient
• Recover with hospital care
Symptoms of Dengue Fever
Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)
• Rapid pulse
• Clammy cold skin
• Drop in blood pressure
• Abdominal pain
• 1% of patients
• Need ICU care
Treatment of Dengue Fever
Treatment is purely concerned with relief of the symptoms:
• Rest • Fluid intake for adequate hydration • Aspirin• NSAID • Acetoaminophen• Codeine
Treatment of Dengue Fever
Chemeri Vax Dengue
• A tetravalent vaccine
• Uses Yellow Fever vaccine as base
• 20% sero conversion
• Still under research
Prevention of Dengue Fever
Focus on vector control
• Use mosquito nets, spray
and repellent oil
• Drain stagnant water sites
• Use mosquito nets
• Wear full clothes at dusk
and dawn
• Fumigation
Prevention of Dengue FeverPublic Awareness
Facts about Dengue Fever• It is caused by a Virus
• No specific medicine or antibiotic to treat it
• Treatment is purely concerned with relief of the
symptoms
• Illness with fever and myalgias lasts about one to
two weeks
• DHF is a specific syndrome that tends to affect
children under 10 years of age
• Prevention of dengue fever req control or
eradication of the mosquitoes carrying the virus
Thank You