Democracy Develops Democracy Develops in Englandin England

Medieval EnglandMedieval England

1066 William, Duke of 1066 William, Duke of Normandy, invades Normandy, invades England, wins battle, England, wins battle, claims throneclaims throne

Begins central gov’t Begins central gov’t in Englandin England

Democracy develops Democracy develops & thrives in England& thrives in England

SERFS

Achievements of Henry II (1154-1189)Achievements of Henry II (1154-1189) Descendant of WilliamDescendant of William

Drama: Marries Eleanor of Aquitaine, sons Richard Drama: Marries Eleanor of Aquitaine, sons Richard the Lion Hearted & King John (drama!!!)the Lion Hearted & King John (drama!!!)

TrialsTrials Before William, people were tried in courts by Before William, people were tried in courts by

feudal lordsfeudal lords would have to survive a duel, painful or would have to survive a duel, painful or

dangerous test to be set freedangerous test to be set free JuriesJuries

Royal judge would visit village once a year & Royal judge would visit village once a year & would review crimewould review crime

Judge ask 12 men (known as the jury) about Judge ask 12 men (known as the jury) about facts of casefacts of case

did NOTdid NOT decide guilt or innocence decide guilt or innocence People liked jury better than the old wayPeople liked jury better than the old way

Common LawCommon Law England unified under one legal systemEngland unified under one legal system

Common (applies) to everyoneCommon (applies) to everyone Becomes the basis for many legal systems Becomes the basis for many legal systems

worldwide, including U.S.worldwide, including U.S.

King John & The Magna CartaKing John & The Magna Carta Henry II’s son, King JohnHenry II’s son, King John

Fights war with France Fights war with France Loses war & landLoses war & landraises taxes to pay for the warraises taxes to pay for the war1215 - Nobles angry & rebel against 1215 - Nobles angry & rebel against

kingkingPresent written document of their Present written document of their

demandsdemands The Magna CartaThe Magna Carta

Contract b/w king & nobles Contract b/w king & nobles limits power of the king!!!!!limits power of the king!!!!!

Monarchs have no right to rule in Monarchs have no right to rule in any way they wantany way they want

They have to rule according to lawThey have to rule according to lawFocus on individual rights & libertiesFocus on individual rights & liberties

Magna CartaMagna Carta

63 clauses63 clauses2 basic legal rights of 2 basic legal rights of

individualsindividualsKing has to get consent King has to get consent

of people (parliament) to of people (parliament) to taxtax

Right to jury trial = Right to jury trial = due due processprocessThe law must work in The law must work in

known, organized waysknown, organized waysPeople cannot be punished People cannot be punished

without following lawswithout following laws

Parliament vs. KingParliament vs. King Parliament (England’s Parliament (England’s

legislature) struggles for legislature) struggles for centuries to limit power of the centuries to limit power of the kingking

Divine RightDivine Right: kings claimed : kings claimed they had the right to rule with they had the right to rule with absolute power from Godabsolute power from God Responsible only to GodResponsible only to God Monarchs begin asserting Monarchs begin asserting

more powermore power

Henry VIIIHenry VIII Best known for 6 wivesBest known for 6 wives

Divorced, beheaded, died, Divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, surviveddivorced, beheaded, survived

Brother dies, becomes kingBrother dies, becomes kingmarries Catherine of Aragon, marries Catherine of Aragon,

his brother’s widow & aunt of his brother’s widow & aunt of King of SpainKing of Spain

Keeps strong alliance with Keeps strong alliance with SpainSpain

One child, Mary, no sonOne child, Mary, no son Appointed “Defender of the Faith” Appointed “Defender of the Faith”

by the Popeby the Pope

The English ReformationThe English Reformation Martin Luther’s ideas spreading Martin Luther’s ideas spreading

throughout Europethroughout Europe Henry falls for Anne BoleynHenry falls for Anne Boleyn

Wants annulment from Catherine Wants annulment from Catherine so he can marry Anneso he can marry Anne

pope will not grantpope will not grant3 chancellors: Cardinal Wolsey, 3 chancellors: Cardinal Wolsey,

Sir Thomas More, Thomas Sir Thomas More, Thomas CromwellCromwell

• Henry declares himself head of Henry declares himself head of Church of EnglandChurch of England

The Poor WivesThe Poor Wives Marries Anne BoleynMarries Anne Boleyn

Mother of Elizabeth I, no maleMother of Elizabeth I, no maleheir, has her beheadedheir, has her beheaded

10 days later marries Jane Seymour10 days later marries Jane Seymour Both daughters declared illegitimate Both daughters declared illegitimate Birth to Edward IV, she dies in childbirthBirth to Edward IV, she dies in childbirth

Marries Anne of ClevesMarries Anne of Cleves Not attracted to her, divorces her Not attracted to her, divorces her

immediatelyimmediately Marries Katherine HowardMarries Katherine Howard

Has her beheaded within 2 yearsHas her beheaded within 2 years Marries Catherine ParrMarries Catherine Parr

Nurses himNurses him Henry dies 1547Henry dies 1547

Son Edward VI becomes kingSon Edward VI becomes king Dies at 15Dies at 15 Mary becomes queen of EnglandMary becomes queen of England

Anne Boleyn Jane Seymour

Anne of Cleves

Katherine Howard Catherine Parr

Queen Elizabeth I 1558-1603Queen Elizabeth I 1558-1603 Becomes queen at age of 25 after sister Becomes queen at age of 25 after sister

(“bloody”) Mary dies(“bloody”) Mary dies Protestant but compromises so Catholics Protestant but compromises so Catholics

will not be alienatedwill not be alienated Never Marries!!!Never Marries!!!

Used as leverage for domestic & foreign Used as leverage for domestic & foreign affairsaffairs

Mary Queen of ScotsMary Queen of Scots Cousin, plotted against her, executedCousin, plotted against her, executed

Spanish ArmadaSpanish Armada Explorers colonize NAmericaExplorers colonize NAmerica

VirginiaVirginia Brought stability in an unstable timeBrought stability in an unstable time

King James IKing James I Scottish King (Stuart)Scottish King (Stuart) Clashes with ParliamentClashes with Parliament

Knows little of English laws & traditionKnows little of English laws & tradition 3 main issues of conflict3 main issues of conflict

He ignores common lawHe ignores common lawAccused of tyrannyAccused of tyranny

$$$$$$He was left large debt, wants He was left large debt, wants

money for war & fancy courtmoney for war & fancy courtParliament votes no but he Parliament votes no but he

ignores themignores them

King Charles IKing Charles I 1625 becomes king, needs money1625 becomes king, needs money

Parliament presents Parliament presents Petition of RightsPetition of Rights Limit royal power, against absolute monarchyLimit royal power, against absolute monarchy Tries to end:Tries to end:

Taxing without Parliament’s consentTaxing without Parliament’s consent Imprison citizens illegallyImprison citizens illegally Housing troops in citizens’ homesHousing troops in citizens’ homes

Charles signs it to get the money he wants but does not followCharles signs it to get the money he wants but does not follow Charles dismisses Parliament!Charles dismisses Parliament! Scotland invades, Charles needs money, callsScotland invades, Charles needs money, calls

Parliament, they refuseParliament, they refuse Parliament passes laws limiting his powerParliament passes laws limiting his power

Civil War eruptsCivil War erupts Years of fightingYears of fighting Charles I losesCharles I loses Puritan Oliver Cromwell takes control of govtPuritan Oliver Cromwell takes control of govt

Charles is executed!!!Charles is executed!!!

Here Comes Cromwell & The RestorationHere Comes Cromwell & The Restoration Cromwell establishes a republicCromwell establishes a republic

Unhappy with Parliament not passing religious Unhappy with Parliament not passing religious & economic reforms& economic reforms

Dissolves ParliamentDissolves Parliament Creates govt “The Protectorate”Creates govt “The Protectorate”

Names himself “Lord Protector” and Names himself “Lord Protector” and becomes a military dictatorbecomes a military dictator

People unhappy with him until he dies in People unhappy with him until he dies in 16581658

The Restoration: 1660 Parliament invites Charles II The Restoration: 1660 Parliament invites Charles II to be “restored” to throneto be “restored” to throne Parliament maintains powersParliament maintains powers Habeus CorpusHabeus Corpus

Prevents authorities from wrongly detaining Prevents authorities from wrongly detaining a persona person

Right to trial, must be informed of Right to trial, must be informed of chargecharge

Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution Charles II dies, brother James II becomes kingCharles II dies, brother James II becomes king

Catholic, believes in divine rightCatholic, believes in divine rightProtestants afraid he will make Protestants afraid he will make

Catholicism the official religionCatholicism the official religiondaughter Mary is Protestantdaughter Mary is Protestant

Parliament offers throne to Mary & husband, Parliament offers throne to Mary & husband, William of Orange (Netherlands)William of Orange (Netherlands) William invades England, James flees to William invades England, James flees to

FranceFrance 1689 William & Mary become joint rulers 1689 William & Mary become joint rulers

of Englandof England Glorious Revolution is a turning point in Glorious Revolution is a turning point in

English Constitutional HistoryEnglish Constitutional History Parliament establishes it has the right to Parliament establishes it has the right to

limit monarch’s power & control who limit monarch’s power & control who succeeds to thronesucceeds to throne

English Bill of RightsEnglish Bill of Rights England become a England become a constitutional monarchyconstitutional monarchy

Power of the ruler are restricted by the constitution & Power of the ruler are restricted by the constitution & laws of the countrylaws of the country

1689: parliament presents Bill of Rights to William & Mary1689: parliament presents Bill of Rights to William & MaryProtects freedom of speech in ParliamentProtects freedom of speech in ParliamentSays parliament should meet oftenSays parliament should meet oftenProhibits excessive bail and cruel & unusual punishment Prohibits excessive bail and cruel & unusual punishment

(torture)(torture)Limits power of monarchyLimits power of monarchy

Monarchy cannot:Monarchy cannot:Cannot suspend lawsCannot suspend lawsTax w/o Parliament’s consentTax w/o Parliament’s consentParliament must approve raising an armyParliament must approve raising an army

ENGLAND’S LEGACY

Citizens guaranteed rule of law, Citizens guaranteed rule of law, parliamentary govt, individual libertiesparliamentary govt, individual libertiesMagna Carta & English Bill of RightsMagna Carta & English Bill of Rights

CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHYCONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHYThese ideas spread to America & are These ideas spread to America & are

foundation for revolution and building foundation for revolution and building our govtour govt